Memory (Hove, England)[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Episodic and semantic memory contributions to imagination and creativity.
Thakral PP, Madore KP, Gomez RE … +1 more , Devitt AL
Memory · 2026 Jun · PMID 42381400 · Publisher ↗
The ability to generate novel creative ideas (divergent thinking) is closely linked with our ability to imagine novel future events (episodic simulation). Here, we employed an individual differences approach to examine w...
The ability to generate novel creative ideas (divergent thinking) is closely linked with our ability to imagine novel future events (episodic simulation). Here, we employed an individual differences approach to examine whether divergent thinking and episodic simulation are differentially associated with episodic and semantic retrieval ability. In response to object word cues, participants generated meanings and definitions (semantic memory), remembered a past event (episodic memory), imagined a novel future event (episodic simulation), or generated novel uses (divergent thinking). Replicating previous findings, divergent thinking ability was predicted by the number of episodic details generated during episodic simulation. When directly comparing episodic and semantic memory, the strongest predictor of divergent thinking was semantic memory. In contrast, episodic simulation ability was predicted by both episodic and semantic memory. We interpret these findings as support for the semantic scaffold hypothesis of imagination, according to which semantic memory provides the necessary scaffold or framework for flexible expressions of cognition such as divergent thinking and episodic simulation. As episodic simulation, relative to divergent thinking, was associated with both episodic and semantic retrieval, these findings are taken to reflect common reliance on event construction processes recruited during both episodic remembering and imagining.
What is the relationship between stress and prospective memory in everyday environments?
Condello KJ, Swain TL, Petropoulos T … +3 more , Stirling NSJ, Matson LA, Takarangi MKT
Memory · 2026 Jun · PMID 42360818 · Publisher ↗
Prospective memory (PM) - remembering to perform future intentions (Rummel et al., 2023, Prospective memories in the wild: Predicting memory for intentions in natural environments. (5), 1061-1075. https://doi.org/10.3758...
Prospective memory (PM) - remembering to perform future intentions (Rummel et al., 2023, Prospective memories in the wild: Predicting memory for intentions in natural environments. (5), 1061-1075. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-022-01379-y) - is essential for maintaining daily functioning and fulfilling important obligations (e.g., taking medication). Yet, various factors can lead to PM failures. Stress - the body's physiological response to a difficult situation/event (Stewart & McFarland, 2020, An investigation of the relations between stress and prospective memory. (2), 131-145. https://doi.org/10.1080/20445911.2020.1724116) - may be one such factor. Extant research into the stress-PM relationship is limited and yields ambiguous findings, primarily due to poor PM measurement validity. Therefore, our study aimed to examine whether acute and/or chronic stress (measured via stress response and stressor exposure) impair PM performance in everyday environments, using a predominately university-based sample. We developed a novel, ecologically valid paradigm - based on Actual Week (Rendell & Craik, 2000, Virtual week and actual week: Age-related differences in prospective memory. (7), S43-S62. https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.770) - where participants performed a variety of researcher-assigned PM tasks over a four-day period. Overall, (i.e., our short-term stress indices, aggregated over four-evenings) did not correlate with PM performance, but negatively correlated with PM performance; albeit with a small effect. Additionally, stress measures were associated with impaired PM, suggesting that PM performance and PM ratings show modest overlap, and likely tap into partially distinct aspects of PM. Our findings highlight the need for more accurate approaches of evaluating stress and PM in everyday life.
Revisiting the confidence-accuracy relationship in eyewitness identification: a metacognitive perspective.
Yu C, Moore KN
Memory · 2026 Jun · PMID 42331394 · Publisher ↗
The fallibility of eyewitness memory has been demonstrated in decades of research. This presents a challenge to legal practitioners and triers of fact when evaluating the trustworthiness of eyewitness identification. A w...
The fallibility of eyewitness memory has been demonstrated in decades of research. This presents a challenge to legal practitioners and triers of fact when evaluating the trustworthiness of eyewitness identification. A witness's initial confidence in their identification decision is a potentially useful indicator of accuracy. While the field generally agrees that there is a meaningful relationship between confidence and accuracy, uncertainty remains about whether high confidence can serve as a direct indicator of accuracy in real-world legal settings. In this review, we integrate findings on the confidence-accuracy (CA) relationship in eyewitness identification research with prevailing metacognitive theories of retrospective confidence and individual differences. We argue for greater consideration of the influence of individual-level factors - particularly metacognitive bias and domain-specific competence, which influence how effectively people monitor their memory - on the CA relationship. Understanding these variables may help answer the key question facing courts: given a witness's expressed confidence, how likely is it that their identification is correct? We discuss how measurement approaches from metacognitive research can be used to clarify when, and for whom, confidence reliably predicts accuracy and suggest future directions of research that may help better understand this question.
Beliefs about child witnesses: a survey of Danish legal professionals, social workers and psychologists.
Sonne T, Kingo OS
Memory · 2026 Jun · PMID 42324926 · Publisher ↗
Beliefs about our memory can have consequences for how we act in our everyday life and in professional contexts, including what we expect from witnesses during interviews. Previous research has documented that the belief...
Beliefs about our memory can have consequences for how we act in our everyday life and in professional contexts, including what we expect from witnesses during interviews. Previous research has documented that the beliefs that professionals or laypeople hold regarding witnesses are not always aligned with science. While most studies have targeted beliefs about memory in general, fewer studies have tailored their questionnaires to map out beliefs about child witnesses. In this study, we surveyed 340 Danish professionals including police, psychologists, social workers, judges, defence attorneys, and prosecutors about their beliefs regarding children as witnesses. Since the main interest was to map out current beliefs held by the groups, we did not have predictions regarding specific items. However, since previous research has shown that beliefs held by various professional groups are not always aligned with science, this was also to be expected in this study. Overall, the results replicated earlier findings. It is noteworthy that a large proportion of respondents selected the response category "neither agree nor disagree". Furthermore, prior training was found to influence the responses. Key areas where an update of the knowledge base is deemed relevant are highlighted and future directions are discussed.
Potto-biographical memory ≈ autobiographical memory: on the retrieval and organisation of fictional- and personal-event memories.
Brown NR, Shi L
Memory · 2026 Jun · PMID 42324824 · Publisher ↗
The present study was designed to investigate the proposition that personal-event memories and fictional-event memories are retrieved and structured, on the event level, in much the same way. We conducted three experimen...
The present study was designed to investigate the proposition that personal-event memories and fictional-event memories are retrieved and structured, on the event level, in much the same way. We conducted three experiments using established methods for studying Autobiographical Memory (AM). Experiments 1 and 2 employed a timed word-cueing task with retrieval-strategy reports. All three experiments used an event-cueing task, collecting RTs, strategy reports, and event-pair relation endorsements. Experiment 1 compared AM with those extracted from a fictional source - in this case, the () series. Experiments 2 and 3 focused exclusively on memory. In Experiment 2, cue type (neutral vs. HP-specific) was manipulated and in Experiment 3, cue importance (important vs. unimportant) was manipulated. In general, HP and AM performance was similar. Direct retrieval was common when participants responded to word cues (ranging from 52% to 91% across conditions and experiments) and event cues (70% to 84%) and consistently faster than generative retrieval. Event cues often elicited cluster mates (50% to 75%). These results suggest shared core processes across event types that: (a) give rise to memorable event representations, (b) relate noteworthy representations to one another, and (c) enable people to access these representations directly when presented with relevant cues.
Conceptual and perceptual chunking of real-world objects in visual working memory.
Harasimczuk J, O'Donnell RE, Obidziński M … +1 more , Nieznański M
Memory · 2026 Jun · PMID 42290407 · Publisher ↗
We investigated the impact of chunking on visual working memory (VWM) capacity and explored whether its benefits depend on the overlap between studied objects and retrieval probes. Informed by Fuzzy Trace Theory, we exam...
We investigated the impact of chunking on visual working memory (VWM) capacity and explored whether its benefits depend on the overlap between studied objects and retrieval probes. Informed by Fuzzy Trace Theory, we examined whether chunking real-world objects is a fully gist-reliant process or whether it preserves coarse- or fine-grained visual detail. To test this, participants completed four experiments involving object pairs that varied in conceptual and/or perceptual similarity. At test, they judged whether a probe was an "old" (studied) or "novel" (unseen) item. Some distractors were "related lures", similar to targets. We compared hit rates and false alarms across conditions (related vs. unrelated pairs), using a signal detection-inspired model. Item-specific and gist-based indices of memory detection showed that chunking enhances object memory for related object pairs, but probing memory with lures related to studied objects revealed that this benefit was largely attributable to gist-based and coarse-grained visual detail memory traces. The findings suggest that chunking based on object relatedness can increase VWM capacity, but at the cost of representing fine-grained visual details of chunked objects.
Efficacy and transfer of a memory training based on the Episodic Specificity Induction in older adults.
Purkart R, Leblond-Baccichet G, Mellah S … +2 more , Jägersberg A, Belleville S
Memory · 2026 Jun · PMID 42246234 · Publisher ↗
This study tested the effect of a new memory training programme to facilitate memory retrieval. The programme improved memory performance in older adults, and its benefits generalised to social problem-solving abilities....
This study tested the effect of a new memory training programme to facilitate memory retrieval. The programme improved memory performance in older adults, and its benefits generalised to social problem-solving abilities. Because social problem-solving was not directly trained, these results indicate transfer, highlighting the programme's potential for cognitive training interventions targeting older adults' cognitive health. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT06110234.
-.
Eisen ML, Ying RC
Memory · 2026 Jun · PMID 42234881 · Publisher ↗
In recent years, eyewitness experts have provided clear and consistent direction to the criminal justice community that if "pristine" non-suggestive procedures are used, high confidence suspect-identifications imply accu...
In recent years, eyewitness experts have provided clear and consistent direction to the criminal justice community that if "pristine" non-suggestive procedures are used, high confidence suspect-identifications imply accuracy: Not a perfect relationship, but much stronger than previously thought. However, when suggestion is present, high-confidence suspect identifications no longer provide reliable evidence of accuracy. Recently, some experts have promoted a much broader picture of how and when confidence implies accuracy to the legal community, noting that confidence can still reliably predict accuracy even when suggestive procedures like showups are used. Although this observation is statistically correct, its practical meaning may be lost in translation to legal audiences, who may interpret this as support for treating high-confidence showup identifications as strong evidence of witness accuracy. In this paper, we argue for researchers to be cautious in how they disseminate research results to clearly specify the limitations on how new findings can be used to evaluate eyewitness evidence in court. In making this argument, we review findings from numerous experiments employing the which clearly illustrate a situation where a positive correlation between confidence and accuracy exists, but at the same time, nearly half of all false-identifications are made with 90-100% confidence.
Examining autobiographical memory retrieval as an intervention to increase physical activity in adults aged 60 and older.
Smurzynska Z, Lerolland E, Siedlecki KL
Memory · 2026 Jun · PMID 42234590 · Publisher ↗
Previous research examining the directive function in autobiographical memory in college-aged participants found that recalling autobiographical memories related to physical activity was associated with an increase in su...
Previous research examining the directive function in autobiographical memory in college-aged participants found that recalling autobiographical memories related to physical activity was associated with an increase in subsequent physical activity. The current study, using an experimental test-retest design, examined whether this same effect was evident in a sample of adults aged 60 and older. At Time 1, participants ( = 451) were randomly assigned to the control or experimental groups and asked to complete a survey assessing physical activity and health; the experimental groups were asked to recall either a positive or negative motivational memory associated with exercise. Participants ( = 340) completed a similar survey seven days later. Levels of exercise were compared between Time 1 and Time 2 to examine whether the memory retrieval intervention had a significant impact on the level of physical activity. There was no significant main effect of memory condition on Time 2 physical activity, suggesting that the effect may not generalise to older adults. This null finding provides support for the assertion that the directive function may be more limited and specific than originally thought and that other factors may be more important for influencing behaviour (e.g., age-related differences in motivation).
Reward enhances false memory in a long term.
Yao Y, Lin J, Wang J
Memory · 2026 Jun · PMID 42226592 · Publisher ↗
Remembering valuable information is important in one's daily life. Although reward has been shown to enhance true memory through value-directed remembering, its effect on false memory, especially in the long term, is not...
Remembering valuable information is important in one's daily life. Although reward has been shown to enhance true memory through value-directed remembering, its effect on false memory, especially in the long term, is not well understood. We combined the pictorial DRM paradigm with a reward-learning task to investigate the effect of reward on false memory and its persistence over time. In Experiment 1, certain lists of pictures were rewarded, while others were not, then participants' memories were tested immediately, 1 d later, or 1 week later. In Experiment 2, lists were associated with either a high or low reward. Results from two experiments consistently showed that reward not only enhanced false recognition for lure pictures but also significantly increased false binding between lure pictures and reward, forming false rewarding memories. Importantly, this reward-enhanced false memory effect persisted even after one week, whereas true memories of reward decreased over time. Our results suggest a critical role of time in shaping both false and true episodic memories of reward experiences.
The "what" and "where" of the threat superiority effect in children's memory.
Lhoste E, Bonin P, Bard P … +2 more , Poulin-Charronnat B, Vinter A
Memory · 2026 Jun · PMID 42223979 · Publisher ↗
Although a substantial body of research has demonstrated a processing advantage for threatening entities compared to nonthreatening ones in adults, very few studies have investigated the effect of threat on memory proces...
Although a substantial body of research has demonstrated a processing advantage for threatening entities compared to nonthreatening ones in adults, very few studies have investigated the effect of threat on memory processes in children. The present study aimed to address this gap by testing memory for dangerous entities and their locations in 88 children aged 5-10 years. To do so, the children played Memory games on a digital tablet. Location memory was assessed by recording the number of errors made when matching card pairs. Item memory was assessed using a free recall task administered after the Memory game session. The results revealed a significant threat superiority effect for both item and location memory. Specifically, dangerous animals were remembered better than nondangerous ones as early as age 5. Location memory advantages for threatening items emerged by the age of 8. Further analysis showed significant relationships between memory performance and the emotional dimensions of the stimuli (arousal and emotional intensity). Finally, modern threats were recalled better than evolutionary threats, although no differences were observed in location memory. Overall, these findings provide further evidence to support the idea that threatening information has an adaptive value in memory processes during childhood.
The concurrent relationship of specific and detailed turning points and young adults' depressive symptoms: the moderating role of recollective experience.
Keats L, Jose PE, Salmon K
Memory · 2026 Jul · PMID 42177398 · Publisher ↗
Recalling either a specific (unique, 24 h or less) turning point memory narrative or a turning point with greater episodic detail (who, when, where and what happened) has been shown to predict higher youth depressive sym...
Recalling either a specific (unique, 24 h or less) turning point memory narrative or a turning point with greater episodic detail (who, when, where and what happened) has been shown to predict higher youth depressive symptoms. The current research with emerging adults ( = 195, = 20.5 years), therefore examined first the relationships of specific and detailed turning points with depressive symptoms, and second, whether recollective memory qualities moderated the association. We hypothesised that both a specific turning point and greater episodic detail would each predict depressive symptoms when rated as more vivid, emotionally intense, intrusive, negative valence for self, and recalled with greater negative emotions. Moderation results partially supported our predictions. The positive association between specific turning points and depressive symptoms was significant only under high ratings of intrusiveness, negative valence for self, and a greater proportion of negative emotions during recall. In addition, the positive association between episodic detail and depressive symptoms was significant only under greater negative emotions during recall, whereas other self-ratings were not significant moderators. These findings shed light on the critical role of negative affect in the relationship between specific and detailed turning point narratives and higher concurrent depressive symptoms in emerging adults.
Picturing the past: the role of photo cue visual perspective on positive autobiographical memory recall in dysphoria.
Snow S, Niese ZA, Ji JL
Memory · 2026 Jul · PMID 42160471 · Publisher ↗
Positive autobiographical memory plays a key role in emotional well-being and is distorted by cognitive processing biases in dysphoria. This experiment investigated how the visual perspectives (first-person vs. third-per...
Positive autobiographical memory plays a key role in emotional well-being and is distorted by cognitive processing biases in dysphoria. This experiment investigated how the visual perspectives (first-person vs. third-person) of personal photographs influence recall of positive memories depending on dysphoria. Eighty-five participants (42 low dysphoria, 43 high dysphoria) submitted photos of positive events from both perspectives. Later, participants recalled these events while viewing either a first- or third-person photo before rating and describing their memory. While first-person photos promoted more recall from an own-eyes vantage point regardless of dysphoria level, dysphoria was still associated with greater observer-like recall, reduced mental imagery and lower internal episodic detail. Additionally, dysphoria predicted less focus on the meaning of pictured events in general and lower positive and higher negative emotional impact of recalling the events in the presence of first-person photo cues. Thus, while photo cues can shift memory vantage point, memory emotional engagement remains constrained by mood-related biases.
Dyadic coregulation of everyday prospective memory: the role of physical and psychological closeness in romantic couples across adulthood.
Haas M, Meier T, Huber ZM … +2 more , Kliegel M, Horn AB
Memory · 2026 May · PMID 42159154 · Publisher ↗
Previous research has outlined synchronies between romantic partners' everyday affect, health, and well-being, but it remains unclear whether similar processes take place for real-life cognitive abilities and whether the...
Previous research has outlined synchronies between romantic partners' everyday affect, health, and well-being, but it remains unclear whether similar processes take place for real-life cognitive abilities and whether there are age differences. The present study investigates the coregulation of cognitive functioning using the example of prospective memory (PM), the ability to remember and correctly execute future intentions. Over 21 days, 61 younger (aged 18-33 years) and 38 older couples (aged 57-86 years) completed an ambulatory assessment comprising a daily PM task. Specifically, we examined the impact of social proximity (i.e., physical closeness and psychological intimacy) on the dyadic coregulation of daily PM. Results revealed that partners' PM performances appeared to be coregulated - independently of whether partners had physically met. In men (but not women), this coregulation was more pronounced on days with greater intimacy and more time spent together. The results were not moderated by age group. In conclusion, the present study indicates that romantic partners coregulate their everyday cognitive performances and that both the physical and psychological dimension of social proximity may impact couples' daily PM performance. Importantly, this implies that relationship quality is essential to a more fine-grained understanding of underlying effects in everyday cognitive processes.
Testing the effects of schema-congruency and agency on collective memories by roleplaying a fictional collective identity.
Çetin OG, Gülgöz S
Memory · 2026 May · PMID 42133875 · Publisher ↗
The role of agency in collective memory is largely unexplored, and evidence that schema-congruent collective events are more readily integrated than incongruent ones remains largely correlational. Studying these factors...
The role of agency in collective memory is largely unexplored, and evidence that schema-congruent collective events are more readily integrated than incongruent ones remains largely correlational. Studying these factors experimentally is challenging because real-world collective identities are difficult to manipulate. To address this, we developed a novel paradigm in which 51 participants were trained about a detailed fictional state and collectively role-played its citizen identity for a week. After the training, participants played a role-playing game in which they made decisions during events of collective significance. Events were manipulated along two dimensions: congruency with the collective's master narratives (congruent vs. incongruent) and the degree of agency afforded to the player (agency vs. no agency). After gameplay, participants completed a recall task and later rated the perceived agency phenomenology of the events. Events involving agency were recalled more frequently, more often from a first-person perspective, and received higher ratings of perceived agency and phenomenology. Although congruency did not affect recall frequency, incongruent events were associated with higher perceived agency and enhanced phenomenological qualities across several dimensions. Findings are discussed in terms of self-referential processing and highlight the potential of interactive fiction as a simulative tool for studying collective memory.
Numeric and verbal eyewitness confidence: order effects.
Pennekamp P, Mansour JK, Batstone RJ
Memory · 2026 Jul · PMID 42101454 · Publisher ↗
The criminal justice system continues to obtain eyewitness confidence verbally (in the eyewitness's own words). Because verbal confidence statements are challenging to interpret, eyewitnesses could provide scale ratings...
The criminal justice system continues to obtain eyewitness confidence verbally (in the eyewitness's own words). Because verbal confidence statements are challenging to interpret, eyewitnesses could provide scale ratings after verbal judgments or vice versa - if the confidence-accuracy relationship is maintained when both are obtained. Participants watched two videos and then viewed a target-present and target-absent lineups for the targets. After each lineup, participants provided confidence verbally (in their own words) and then numerically (0-100%) or numerically and then verbally. Asking eyewitnesses to provide confidence verbally and numerically did not negatively impact the confidence-accuracy relationship, regardless of order. However, the numeric values eyewitnesses provided when using similar own-word confidence judgments varied. We caution that the usefulness of verbal confidence to postdict identification accuracy hinges on a systematic approach to its interpretation.
Strength of social episodic memory influences subsequent social decisions.
Sklenar AM, Frankenstein AN, Urban Levy P … +1 more , Leshikar ED
Memory · 2026 Jul · PMID 42085220 · Publisher ↗
Many social factors influence decisions to approach or avoid social targets, but less research has directly investigated the impact of cognitive factors, such as memory, on such social decisions. Recent work has shown th...
Many social factors influence decisions to approach or avoid social targets, but less research has directly investigated the impact of cognitive factors, such as memory, on such social decisions. Recent work has shown that social episodic memory (i.e., memory for specific details associated with specific social targets based on prior experiences) can influence subsequent approach/avoidance decisions. The goal of the current study is to investigate the influence of social episodic memory strength (i.e., comparing stronger versus weaker memory representations) on approach/avoidance decisions. In this investigation, participants viewed social targets represented by a face image and a trait-implying behaviour and formed positive or negative impressions of targets viewed twice (double presentation) or once (single presentation). Participants then completed two different memory measures (impression memory, behavior memory) followed by an approach/avoidance decision task. By presenting some targets twice and others once, this allowed us to compare stronger (double presentation) versus weaker (single presentation) social episodic memory representations on subsequent social decisions. Results showed support for the role of memory in approach/avoidance decisions (regardless of memory strength), where correct memory for targets associated with positive impressions induced approach decisions, whereas correct memory for targets associated with negative impressions induced avoidance decisions. Importantly, results further showed stronger impact of social episodic memory on decisions for targets seen twice relative to once, suggesting that stronger social episodic memory representations have a larger effect on approach/avoidance judgments. These findings add to a growing body of work suggesting that memory plays an essential role in social decision-making.
The role of acculturation in autobiographical memory characteristics of Syrian migrants.
Ersoy H, Sahin-Acar B, Boyacioglu I
Memory · 2026 Jul · PMID 42084502 · Publisher ↗
The present study examined the association between acculturation orientations and the phenomenological and episodic characteristics of autobiographical memories of Syrian adult migrants in Türkiye. Moreover, the role of...
The present study examined the association between acculturation orientations and the phenomenological and episodic characteristics of autobiographical memories of Syrian adult migrants in Türkiye. Moreover, the role of language in this association was investigated. Each participant received three instructions: recalling a pre-migration memory, a post-migration memory, and projecting an autobiographical future event. Participants then rated the general phenomenological and episodic characteristics of each memory, as well as the episodic characteristics of autobiographical future projection. Results revealed that host cultural orientation was positively associated with all characteristics of post-migration memories, as well as with the episodic characteristic of autobiographical future projection. The interaction pattern of acculturation orientations showed that the separation strategy was positively associated with post-migration autobiographical memory variables. No statistically significant associations were found between language and autobiographical memory variables. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to examine migrants' autobiographical memory characteristics across different life periods by measuring acculturation. Overall, the findings suggest that the adaptiveness of different acculturation strategies for autobiographical memory recall may be highly dependent on the sociocultural context of the host country. The findings indicate new conceptualizations in migrants' autobiographical memory research and address gaps in the existing literature.
Mending metacognitive illusions in JOLs: when neither cognitive nor metacognitive feedback is effective.
Navarro-Báez S, Bröder A, Undorf M
Memory · 2026 May · PMID 41994895 · Publisher ↗
Metacognitive monitoring of cognitive processes is not always accurate. Metacognitive illusions occur when metacognitive judgments rely on invalid information or fail to rely on valid information. This study tested the e...
Metacognitive monitoring of cognitive processes is not always accurate. Metacognitive illusions occur when metacognitive judgments rely on invalid information or fail to rely on valid information. This study tested the effectiveness of different forms of feedback in mending metacognitive illusions in judgments of learning (JOLs). Across four experiments, participants completed three study-test cycles with JOLs in which they studied different word lists. Participants received feedback or no feedback after each cycle. In Experiments 1 and 2, cognitive feedback about recall performance and JOL for each item was provided. In Experiments 3 and 4, additional metacognitive feedback about metacognitive illusions during the task was provided. Results showed that cognitive feedback was not effective for mending the font size illusion (Experiments 1 and 2), the stability bias (Experiment 1), or the font format illusion (Experiment 2). Additional metacognitive feedback partially remedied the stability bias in Experiment 3, but this effect did not replicate in Experiment 4. Regardless of whether participants received feedback and what type it was, the font size illusion decreased across cycles when manipulated orthogonally to a valid cue (Experiments 1, 3, and 4). In conclusion, this study shows that neither cognitive nor metacognitive feedback remedy metacognitive illusions.
Relative contribution of associative memory and working memory to subjective organisation in aging.
Frick A, Bouazzaoui B, Mille J … +7 more , Angel L, Borella E, Fay S, Ferrandez V, Pinard F, Vanneste S, Taconnat L
Memory · 2026 Jul · PMID 41980088 · Publisher ↗
Organising information is an efficient way to improve episodic memory performance. When the information is not semantically related to each other, individuals can self-organize this information. This spontaneous subjecti...
Organising information is an efficient way to improve episodic memory performance. When the information is not semantically related to each other, individuals can self-organize this information. This spontaneous subjective organisation involves important working memory (WM) resources and is negatively affected by aging, potentially because it also relies on associative memory. Here, we examined whether such subjective organisation involves associative processes, whether this relation is explained by WM capacity, and whether this relationship differs with age. We tested 40 young (non-students) adults and 40 older adults on two memory tasks: one allowing for subjective organisation to be implemented and another accounting for associative memory processes. These participants also performed three different WM tasks to compute a WM capacity index. Whilst reporting classical age-related effects on recall, recognition and WM performance, we found that both associative memory and WM are related to subjective organisation in both young and older adults. However, between these two factors, WM capacity was the main factor explaining subjective performance in both age groups, though to a greater extent in young adults. These results confirm the central role of WM in episodic memory, particularly in explaining the age-related decline of this function.
About
- Frequency
- Sun
- Papers found
- 200
- RSS feed
- Subscribe