Cartilage[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Cheilectomy, Osteotomy, Microfracture, and Matrix-Induced Chondrogenesis (COMM): A Novel Combined Procedure for Treating Hallux Rigidus.
Huang D, Png W, Rikhraj IS … +1 more , Cher EWL
Cartilage · 2025 May · PMID 40401530 · Full text
BackgroundHallux rigidus (HR) is a degenerative joint disorder of the first metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ), causing joint pain and stiffness. Surgical treatments, including cheilectomy, microfracture (MF) and dorsal ob...
BackgroundHallux rigidus (HR) is a degenerative joint disorder of the first metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ), causing joint pain and stiffness. Surgical treatments, including cheilectomy, microfracture (MF) and dorsal oblique osteotomy (DOO), have been well described in current literature. However, the addition of matrix-induced chondrogenesis (MIC) via scaffold implantation with bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) is novel and hypothesized to significantly improve cartilage healing.ObjectivesThis study aimed to (1) describe the COMM procedure-a novel combination of cheilectomy, DOO, MF, and MIC, as well as to (2) evaluate its early clinical outcomes in a series of 12 HR cases.Study Design & MethodsThis is a retrospective study of 11 patients (12 feet) with HR treated with the COMM procedure in our hospital from May 2022 to June 2023 by 3 fellowship-trained foot and ankle surgeons. All the patients have completed their 1-year clinical review, where we evaluated their Numeric Pain Rating (NPR), European Foot and Ankle Society (EFAS), and Short Form-36 (SF-36) scores (Physical Function [SF-PF] and Mental Health [SF-MH]), as well as satisfaction. Preoperative and postoperative scores were compared to determine the effect of treatment.ResultsThere was statistically significant improvement in all scores ( < 0.05). EFAS Foot and/or Ankle and Sports scores improved from 9.3 to 20.0 and 3.8 to 9.4, respectively. SF-PF and SF-MH scores improved from 47.9% to 67.9% and 54.0% to 66.0%, respectively. Mean NPR at rest and during activity improved from 4.8 to 0.2 and 7.6 to 2.5, respectively. The mean postoperative satisfaction was 8.0, with 10 representing maximal satisfaction.ConclusionsDespite being a small series, our study has shown good clinical outcomes and promising satisfaction rates among all patients who have undergone our COMM procedure.
Long-Term Impact of Intralesional Bony Overgrowth on Opposing Cartilage Integrity: Five-Year Results Following Cartilage Repair.
Koenig FRM, Raudner M, Wollner G … +6 more , Juras V, Szomolanyi P, Vetchy V, Leitner J, Schmidbauer V, Trattnig S
Cartilage · 2025 Apr · PMID 40289954 · Full text
ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess the impact of intralesional bony overgrowth (ILBO) after cartilage repair on the integrity of opposing articulating cartilage (OpAC) using T2 mapping and to correlate these findings w...
ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess the impact of intralesional bony overgrowth (ILBO) after cartilage repair on the integrity of opposing articulating cartilage (OpAC) using T2 mapping and to correlate these findings with clinical outcomes.MethodsIn this multicenter study, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations were performed in the follow-up after cartilage repair (Microfracturing (MFX) and Matrix-Induced Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation (MACI)) in 45 patients up to 5 years after surgery. T2 values of the OpAC after 3, 12, and 60 months in patients with and without ILBO after 60 months were conducted along with clinical assessments (International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) and Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS)).ResultsAt 60 months post-surgery, 44.4% of patients presented with ILBO, which was associated with significantly higher T2 values in OpAC ( = 0.004). A tendency toward increased T2 values was observed after 12 months, although this did not reach statistical significance ( = 0.06). However, no significant differences were found in clinical outcomes between patients with or without ILBO, nor between those with or without T2 values comparable to reference cartilage.ConclusionILBO significantly affects the biophysical MRI properties of OpAC as indicated by higher T2 values after 60 months. These alterations, though not reflected in any clinical score, can suggest potential long-term implications for cartilage degeneration and may inform future monitoring strategies for cartilage repair. Further research is required to evaluate the long-term effects of these altered mechanical impacts on articulating cartilage and their clinical implications.
Treatment of Large Cartilage Defects in the Knee by Hydrogel-Based Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation: A 5-Year Follow-Up of a Prospective, Multicenter, Single-Arm Phase III Trial.
Niemeyer P, Hanus M, Belickas J … +17 more , László T, Gudas R, Fiodorovas M, Cebatorius A, Pastucha M, Izadpanah K, Prokeš J, Sisák K, Mohyla M, Farkas C, Kessler O, Kybal S, Spiro R, Trattnig S, Köhler A, Kirner A, Gaissmaier C
Cartilage · 2025 Apr · PMID 40289921 · Full text
ObjectiveTo evaluate efficacy and safety at 5 years after treatment with hydrogel-based autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) for large cartilage defects in the knee.DesignProspective, multicenter, single-arm, Phase...
ObjectiveTo evaluate efficacy and safety at 5 years after treatment with hydrogel-based autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) for large cartilage defects in the knee.DesignProspective, multicenter, single-arm, Phase III clinical trial. ACI was performed in 100 patients with focal full-thickness cartilage defects ranging from 4 to 12 cm in size. The primary outcome measure was the responder rate (defined as improvement by ≥10 points) at 2 years using the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS).ResultsThe preoperative overall KOOS was 39.8 points and continuously increased to 84.7 points at 5 years (mean increase 44.1 points, 95% CI = 40.4-47.9, < 0.0001). The primary study endpoint (i.e., a KOOS responder rate of >40%) was descriptively met at each assessment timepoint from 3 months to 5 years (Month 3: 75.5%, 95% CI = 65.6-83.8; Year 2: 93.0%, 95% CI = 86.1-97.1, Year 5: 92.8%, 95% CI = 85.7-97.0). International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective and objective scores and quality of life assessments (EQ-5D-5L) supported the results seen for the KOOS. The overall treatment failure rate at 5 years was 1%. All treatment-related adverse events were of mild or moderate intensity and mostly occurred within the first year after treatment.ConclusionsHydrogel-based ACI has been shown to be a safe and effective treatment option for patients with large knee cartilage defects with sustained efficacy up to 5 years as demonstrated by consistent and clinically relevant improvements in all investigated efficacy variables. No remarkable adverse events or safety issues were noted.
Minimal Clinically Important Difference in Patients with Knee Cartilage Lesions Treated with a Cell-Free Scaffold Implantation.
De Marziani L, Boffa A, Franceschini M … +4 more , Andriolo L, Di Martino A, Zaffagnini S, Filardo G
Cartilage · 2025 Apr · PMID 40231669 · Full text
ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to establish the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) thresholds for the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) pain scor...
ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to establish the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) thresholds for the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) pain scores in patients affected by knee chondral and osteochondral lesions treated with cell-free scaffold implantation.DesignFor the MCID definition, 186 patients who underwent an osteochondral scaffold implantation were included. Patients were evaluated through the IKDC subjective and VAS pain scores at baseline, 12 and 24 months. The MCID was calculated using a distribution-based method for both IKDC subjective and VAS pain scores at 12 and 24 months, as well as with an anchor-based method.ResultsThe MCID values were 10.1 and 1.5 for the IKDC subjective and VAS pain scores, respectively, both at 12 and 24 months of follow-up. The rate of patients who achieved the MCID was 83% at 12 months and 88% at 24 months. The anchor-based method led to higher MCID values. Factors identified to increase the probability to reach the MCID were younger age ( = 0.042), male sex ( = 0.042), and lateral femoral condyle lesions ( = 0.002), while patellar lesions were less likely to reach the MCID ( = 0.009).ConclusionsThis study defined the MCID values for the IKDC subjective and VAS pain scores after treatment with a cell-free biomimetic scaffold, with 88% of the patients achieving clinically relevant results at 2 years. Younger patients, males and lateral femoral condyle lesions were more likely to reach the MCID. However, the identified thresholds can be influenced by the method chosen, which warrants caution when interpreting study results.
What are These Cysts Doing in My Graft? A Meta-Analysis on Cystic Occurrence After Autografting and Allografting for Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus.
Dahmen J, Hollander JJ, Butler JJ … +5 more , Emanuel KS, Rikken QGH, Stufkens SAS, Kennedy JG, Kerkhoffs GMMJ
Cartilage · 2025 Apr · PMID 40231650 · Full text
BackgroundThe exact incidence of cyst formation after graft transplantation for osteochondral lesions is unknown. The primary purpose was to assess and compare cystic occurrence after autografting, allografting, and oste...
BackgroundThe exact incidence of cyst formation after graft transplantation for osteochondral lesions is unknown. The primary purpose was to assess and compare cystic occurrence after autografting, allografting, and osteoperiosteal grafting for osteochondral lesions of the talus. Our secondary aim was to assess the correlation of clinical outcomes with the presence of postoperative cysts.MethodsA literature search was performed up to October 2023 through PubMed, Embase (Ovid), and Cochrane Library. The primary outcome was the postoperative cystic occurrence rate. A random-effects model with moderator analysis was used to calculate differences in occurrence rates between treatment groups. The relationship between the presence of cysts and clinical outcomes was described.ResultsThirteen studies were included with 382 ankles. The average radiological follow-up at which the presence of cystic occurrence was assessed ranged from 12 to 84 months. The rates of cystic occurrence for the osteochondral autograft transplantation group, the allograft transplantation group, and the osteoperiosteal transplantation group were 42% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 24-61), 58% (95% CI = 40-74), and 34% (95% CI = 12-67), respectively, without any significant differences noted. No relationship between the presence of cysts and clinical outcomes was found.ConclusionPostoperative cystic occurrence is common after osteochondral autograft transplantation (42%), allograft transplantation (58%), and osteoperiosteal transplantation (34%) in osteochondral lesions of the talus-without significant intertreatment differences. The postoperative presence of cysts was not correlated with clinical outcomes. Future research should assess whether the postoperative presence of cysts correlates with (clinical) outcomes at longer follow-up.Level of Evidence:Level IV, systematic review and meta-analysis.
Use of MACI (Autologous Cultured Chondrocytes on Porcine Collagen Membrane) in the United States: Expanded Experience over 5,000 Cases.
Milliron EM, Cavendish PA, Carey J … +2 more , Barker T, Flanigan DC
Cartilage · 2025 Apr · PMID 40202752 · Full text
ObjectiveTo determine whether there are differences in MACI (matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation) treatment in the United States, by comparing cartilage defects and patient characteristics between the init...
ObjectiveTo determine whether there are differences in MACI (matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation) treatment in the United States, by comparing cartilage defects and patient characteristics between the initial 1,000 patients treated with the next 5,000MethodsFollowing initial analysis of the first 1,000 consecutive patients treated with MACI, data were collected and analyzed for the subsequent 5,000. Patients were identified by MACI lot number and surgery date. Adverse events were summarized with descriptive statistics. Group differences were assessed with -tests and chi-square, with significance set at < 0.05.ResultsFive thousand adults (5,198 knees) were implanted with MACI by 1,130 surgeons. Patient sex (male 49.2%) was evenly split, and the mean age was 33.6 years. Most patients had a single cartilage defect treated, and the mean defect size was 4.4 cm. The patella was the most treated surface (38.4%), followed by the medial femoral condyle (25.7%). Most patients (85.5%) had concomitant surgical procedures at the time of cartilage biopsy procurement. There were statistically significant differences in the number of patella ( < 0.001), medial femoral condyle ( < 0.001), and "not specified" ( = 0.008) between groups. Mean defect size and mean total defect size were both larger ( < 0.001 and = 0.009, respectively) in the subsequent 5,000 patients.ConclusionThe utilization of MACI has remained consistent. Patient demographics and concomitant surgical procedures between the first 1,000 MACI patients and subsequent 5,000 MACI patients were comparable. Patellofemoral defects were the most treated in both subsets, and an overall low rate of adverse events was observed.
Whole-Organ Magnetic Resonance Imaging Score (WORMS) of the Knee in Professional Soccer Players.
Welsch GH, Regier M, Frosch KH … +5 more , Pachowsky ML, Henes FO, Adam G, Maas KJ, Warncke ML
Cartilage · 2025 Apr · PMID 40186495 · Full text
ObjectiveThe goal of our study was to assess the prevalence of osteoarthritis in the knee joint of active male professional soccer players by means of the semi-quantitative Whole-Organ Magnetic Resonance Imaging Score (W...
ObjectiveThe goal of our study was to assess the prevalence of osteoarthritis in the knee joint of active male professional soccer players by means of the semi-quantitative Whole-Organ Magnetic Resonance Imaging Score (WORMS).DesignMagnetic resonance imagings (MRIs) of both knees were performed on 85 male professional soccer players during their "medicals" (age = 24 ± 4 years). All baseline data (age, playing position) were obtained. Based on the WORMS, the status of the cartilage and bone in the medial and lateral femoro-tibial joint (MFTJ and LFTJ), as well as the patellofemoral joint was assessed. Menisci and ligaments were evaluated separately. The final score was the sum of all regional scores.ResultsThe mean WORMS of the 170 knee joints was 13.3 ± 13.5 points (range = 0-111, achievable scores: 0-290). Cartilage changes were the most common pathologies, observed in 141 of the 170 knee joints. Structural cartilage lesions (WORMS ≥ 2) were observed in 54% of the studied knees. Pathologies of the medial meniscus were associated with cartilage damage of the corresponding MFTJ (r = 0.424, < 0.0001). The same effect was observed for the lateral meniscus and the corresponding LFTJ (r = 0.553, < 0.0001). However, lateral meniscal lesions could be correlated with more other joint pathologies compared to medial meniscal lesions. Total WORMS correlated significantly with increasing age (r = 0.386, = 0.001).ConclusionThe provided data show the high incidence of knee joint damage in professional football players. In particular, the lateral meniscus appears to play a critical role.
EUROVISCO Good Medical Practice Recommendations for the Use of Viscosupplementation with Hyaluronic Acid in the Management of Knee Osteoarthritis.
Monfort J, Henrotin Y, Chevalier X … +9 more , Migliore A, Baron D, Jerosch J, Richette P, Bard H, Brittberg M, Diraçoglù D, Raman R, Conrozier T
Cartilage · 2025 Mar · PMID 40156368 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: Viscosupplementation (VS) by intra-articular injections of hyaluronic acid (HA) is a commonly used treatment of knee osteoarthritis. However, there are no clear recommendations for its use in clinical situatio...
OBJECTIVE: Viscosupplementation (VS) by intra-articular injections of hyaluronic acid (HA) is a commonly used treatment of knee osteoarthritis. However, there are no clear recommendations for its use in clinical situations not usually addressed in therapeutic guidelines. DESIGN: Members of the European Viscosupplementation Consensus Group (EUROVISCO), made up of rheumatologists, orthopedic surgeons, and rehabilitation physicians from seven European countries, were asked to make a therapeutic decision on 30 clinical scenarios based on their clinical experience and data from the literature, using the Delphi method. For each scenario, the strength of agreement and the level of consensus were calculated by the chairman of the group. RESULTS: The expert panel reached consensus on 18 of the 30 clinical scenarios proposed. According to the experts, the factors that most influence the decision to use VS with HA to treat knee osteoarthritis are the nature and severity of symptoms, the presence of comorbidity, the absence of therapeutic alternatives, and the patient's refusal to undergo knee arthroplasty. Obesity and an advanced radiological degree of osteoarthritis have been identified as the two main factors for poor response to VS with HA and should be considered before any decision is made to viscosupplement. CONCLUSION: This set of recommendations, based on common clinical scenarios, is intended to help practitioners make decisions about HA VS in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee.
Commercial Insurance Payer Coverage Criteria for Meniscal Allograft Transplantation Poorly Reflect Modern Indications for the Procedure.
Kotlier JL, Fathi A, Ong MY … +6 more , Feingold CL, Lin EH, Freshman RD, Bolia IK, Petrigliano FA, Liu JN
Cartilage · 2025 Mar · PMID 40152683 · Full text
ObjectiveTo investigate whether insurance coverage criteria for meniscal allograft transplantation (MAT) are sufficiently supported in the policy documentation and whether these criteria represent current research and ex...
ObjectiveTo investigate whether insurance coverage criteria for meniscal allograft transplantation (MAT) are sufficiently supported in the policy documentation and whether these criteria represent current research and expert consensus on indications for the procedure.DesignThe top 11 United States (US)-based national commercial health insurance payers for MAT were identified. A Google search was performed to identify payer coverage policies. Cited references within policy documents were classified by type of reference and reviewed for level of evidence (LOE). Specific coverage criteria for each individual payer were then extracted and compared to assess for similarities among commercial payers. Finally, all references cited were examined to determine whether they supported the coverage criteria stated by policies for each specific payer.ResultsSeven of the 11 payers had accessible coverage policies. This study found that the majority of cited references were primary journal articles (20, 57.1%) and that the vast majority of references cited (27, 77.1%) were level IV evidence. Of the seven payers, only two (Cigna = 8, HCSC = 19) cited more than six sources. There was a high degree of homogeneity in coverage criteria among payers. The sources cited did not consistently support specific payer coverage criteria. Payer criteria also tended to be arbitrary and poorly supported by current evidence on MAT.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that insurance coverage policies for MAT frequently use outdated references or cite references inappropriately. In addition, these policies fail to reflect current research and consensus on indications for the procedure.
Mean Cartilage Attenuation Measured in an Osteoarthritis Mouse Model Using Contrast-Enhanced Micro-Computed Tomography is Indicative of Cartilage Degeneration.
Schadow JE, Boersma EC, Davey RA … +1 more , Stok KS
Cartilage · 2025 Mar · PMID 40138492 · Full text
ObjectiveTo develop and validate an image acquisition protocol for assessment of cartilage degeneration in an osteoarthritis (OA) mouse model using contrast-enhanced micro-computed tomography (CECT).DesignThree-, four-,...
ObjectiveTo develop and validate an image acquisition protocol for assessment of cartilage degeneration in an osteoarthritis (OA) mouse model using contrast-enhanced micro-computed tomography (CECT).DesignThree-, four-, seven-, and 10-month-old male STR/ort OA ( = 8) and healthy control CBA/1 ( = 8) mice were imaged using synchrotron-radiation micro-computed tomography. Mean attenuation of cartilage and mean attenuation difference between cartilage and contrast agent (mean Δ attenuation), to control for flux, were calculated and correlated to previously published cartilage parameters measured in the same mice. In a second experiment, C57Bl/6 mice underwent destabilization of medial meniscus (DMM) surgery or sham surgery. At 0 ( = 8 DMM), and 4 weeks ( = 10 DMM, = 6 sham) post-surgery, mice were imaged using CECT. Mean attenuation and Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) score of cartilage were calculated, and mean attenuation and OARSI score were correlated.ResultsMean Δ attenuation of medial cartilage was lower in STR/ort OA mice compared to healthy control CBA/1 at 3-, 4-, 7-, and 10-months of age. Medial mean Δ attenuation was positively correlated to cartilage volume and thickness and negatively correlated with surface-to-volume ratio and Collins score. The mean attenuation and OARSI score of cartilage in DMM OA mice was higher than in sham controls in the medial tibia. Mean attenuation was positively correlated with OARSI score in the medial tibia.ConclusionsAn CECT imaging method was developed and validated. Mean attenuation is sensitive to cartilage degeneration in OA mouse models when imaged against a contrast agent as a background and using compatible image acquisition parameters.
Three-Dimensionally Measured TT-TG Distance Remains After Medial Open-Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy and Correlates With Internal Rotation of Distal Tibial Segment Below the Osteotomy Site.
Jung SH, Jung M, Chung K … +5 more , Moon HS, Kim S, Lee SH, Choi CH, Kim SH
Cartilage · 2025 Mar · PMID 40138459 · Full text
ObjectiveTo evaluate perioperative changes in anatomical parameters related to patellofemoral biomechanics, as well as cartilage repair outcomes following additional arthroscopic marrow stimulation for full-thickness tro...
ObjectiveTo evaluate perioperative changes in anatomical parameters related to patellofemoral biomechanics, as well as cartilage repair outcomes following additional arthroscopic marrow stimulation for full-thickness trochlear cartilage defects (TCDs) during medial open-wedge high tibial osteotomy (MOWHTO).DesignA total of 38 patients (38 knees) who underwent arthroscopic marrow stimulation (microfracture or microdrilling) for TCDs combined with MOWHTO were retrospectively reviewed. The mean follow-up period was 27.0 months. Three-dimensional measurements of parameters associated with patellar biomechanics were performed. Magnetic resonance imaging and second-look arthroscopy were used to assess repaired cartilage, using Magnetic Resonance Observation of Cartilage Repaired Tissue (MOCART) knee score and International Cartilage Repair Society Cartilage repair assessment (ICRS CRA).ResultsIn 3-dimensional measurements, the tibial tubercle-trochlear groove (TT-TG) distance was maintained (mean difference: -0.6 mm, = 0.227), whereas the modified Q-angle significantly decreased (mean difference: -1.9°, = 0.002). The distal femur-distal tibial rotation (DF-DTR) decreased, indicating internal rotation of the distal tibial segment (mean difference: -5.3°, < 0.001). TT-TG distance was associated with DF-DTR ( = 0.583, = 0.001). Arthroscopic marrow stimulation for TCDs showed favorable cartilage repaired tissue, especially for the microdrilling group (median MOCART score, 70; ICRS CRA grade 1-2, 82.8%).ConclusionThe 3-dimensionally measured TT-TG distance was maintained after MOWHTO and was associated with internal rotation of the distal tibial segment below the osteotomy site. Arthroscopic marrow stimulation for TCDs in patients undergoing MOWHTO achieved favorable cartilage repaired tissue in short term.
Differential Responses of Articular Chondrocytes from Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Rats to Glucose Conditions and Inflammatory Stimuli: Influence of a Vitamin K2 Enriched Diet.
Rüdig V, Braun T, Fleischmann N … +7 more , Reinhardt A, Wehrmann J, Gögele C, Kokozidou M, Werner C, Mrosewski I, Schulze-Tanzil G
Cartilage · 2025 Mar · PMID 40119526 · Full text
ObjectiveMeanwhile, the association between osteoarthritis (OA) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is well known. However, it remains unclear whether vitamin K2 (vit.K2) could exert chondroprotective effects. Hence, thi...
ObjectiveMeanwhile, the association between osteoarthritis (OA) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is well known. However, it remains unclear whether vitamin K2 (vit.K2) could exert chondroprotective effects. Hence, this study investigates the interrelation between OA and T2DM under the influence of vit.K2 in chondrocytes.MethodsUsing an OA/T2DM model, articular chondrocytes were harvested from adult male Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) Leptfa/Crl rats, categorized as non-diabetic (heterozygous: fa/+) or diabetic (homozygous: fa/fa). Based on vit.K2 supplementation of the rats, four groups arose: control without or with vit.K2 and diabetic without or with vit.K2 supplementation. Inflammatory conditions simulating OA were induced by exposing chondrocytes to tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and C5a. Chondrocyte response was analyzed using proliferation, metabolic and wound healing assays, immunolabeling, as well as gene expression analyses.ResultsThe proliferation of chondrocytes from control rats with vit.K2 supplementation was significantly higher than those without vit.K2 feeding, under both normoglycemic (NG) and hyperglycemic (HG) conditions. The wound closure ability of chondrocytes was significantly higher in the non-diabetic compared with the diabetic chondrocyte donor group. TNFα and C5a exerted catabolic effects under HG conditions by significantly inducing gene activity in chondrocytes of control rats without vit.K2 supplementation and a significant reduction of collagen type 2 gene expression in those cells of control rats with vit.K2 supplementation.ConclusionsThe response of chondrocytes derived from non-diabetic and diabetic donors differed. The vit.K2 supply of chondrocyte donor rats exerted anabolic effects on chondrocytes.
Transcriptional Analysis Reveals That the FHL1/JAK-STAT Pathway is Involved in Acute Cartilage Injury in Mice.
Lu J, Shi Z, Geng L … +5 more , Ren D, Hou H, Ren G, Yao S, Wang P
Cartilage · 2025 Mar · PMID 40119525 · Full text
ObjectiveThis study aimed to identify genes and signaling pathways associated with acute cartilage injury using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq).MethodsKnee joint cartilage samples were collected from normal mice and 2 models of...
ObjectiveThis study aimed to identify genes and signaling pathways associated with acute cartilage injury using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq).MethodsKnee joint cartilage samples were collected from normal mice and 2 models of acute cartilage injury (non-invasive and groove models) within an 8-hour time limit. RNA-seq revealed differential gene expression between the injury models and controls, with subsequent validation using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) for 9 representative genes.ResultsCompared to controls, the non-invasive model showed 36 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (13 up-regulated, 23 down-regulated), with and showing the most significant upregulation and downregulation, respectively. The groove model exhibited 255 DEGs (13 up-regulated, 23 down-regulated), with and showing the (222 up-regulated, 33 down-regulated). Six overlapping genes were identified between the non-invasive and groove models, including up-regulated genes () and down-regulated genes (), validated by RT-qPCR. Gene ontology (GO) analysis highlighted involvement in environmental information processing and cartilage organ system function, while Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis implicated the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry confirmed downregulation of in the non-invasive model, supported by Western blotting of p-JAK2/t-JAK2 levels.ConclusionsThis study identifies DEGs (13 up-regulated, 23 down-regulated), with and showing the in acute cartilage injury, suggesting potential therapeutic targets. The role of in cartilage protection via the JAK-STAT pathway warrants further investigation in acute cartilage injury research.
Comparing Five Major Knee Osteoarthritis Cohort Studies: Similarities, Differences, and Unique Aspects of CHECK, OAI, FNIH, IMI-APPROACH, and MOST.
Oliinyk M, Mastbergen SC, Marijnissen AKCA … +5 more , Felson DT, Hunter DJ, Nevitt MC, Weinans H, Jansen MP
Cartilage · 2025 Mar · PMID 40105347 · Full text
ObjectiveTo analyze and synthesize the information available from five pivotal, large-scale, multicenter, observational studies (CHECK, OAI, FNIH Biomarkers Consortium, IMI-APPROACH, and MOST) focusing on knee osteoarthr...
ObjectiveTo analyze and synthesize the information available from five pivotal, large-scale, multicenter, observational studies (CHECK, OAI, FNIH Biomarkers Consortium, IMI-APPROACH, and MOST) focusing on knee osteoarthritis (OA), which can be used to elucidate disease progression, risk factors, and the effectiveness of potential interventions.DesignFor this narrative review, a comprehensive literature search and data extraction from official web pages and scientific databases were conducted to compare methodologies, in- and exclusion criteria, outcomes, and cohort characteristics across the studies. Thematic, comparative, and qualitative analyses were employed to identify trends, commonalities, and disparities among the findings.ResultsThe studies collectively enhanced understanding of the onset and progression of knee OA, and in several of the studies, hip OA, emphasizing the importance of both systemic and local risk factors. Advanced imaging and biomarkers are important components in all the cohorts, with the goal of aiding early diagnosis and tracking disease progression. All cohorts evaluated unique markers generally not available in the other cohorts, while other factors overlap, suggesting possibilities for combining or cross-validating between cohorts.ConclusionsThe collaborative efforts of major OA research significantly advance our understanding of knee OA. These studies highlight the importance of a multifaceted approach, integrating advanced imaging, biomarkers, and longitudinal data to tackle the complexities of OA. By synthesizing findings and addressing knowledge gaps such as heterogeneity of patients and used measurements, and use of novel pain measures, future research can develop more effective diagnostic tools and treatments, ultimately enhancing the quality of life for OA patients.
Clinical and Cellular Predictors of Outcomes in Autologous Conditioned Plasma Therapy for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Prospective Cohort Study.
Selim A, Lan T, Hulme C … +5 more , Williams M, Perry J, Gallacher P, Jermin P, Wright K
Cartilage · 2026 Jun · PMID 40105331 · Full text
IntroductionAutologous conditioned plasma (ACP) is a single-spin, leukocyte-poor platelet-rich plasma (PRP) that provides a plasma with a platelet concentration 2 to 3 times the blood platelet concentration. The objectiv...
IntroductionAutologous conditioned plasma (ACP) is a single-spin, leukocyte-poor platelet-rich plasma (PRP) that provides a plasma with a platelet concentration 2 to 3 times the blood platelet concentration. The objective of this study was to investigate the clinical effectiveness of ACP intra-articular injection in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) and to identify any demographic, disease-associated, or biological predictors of outcome.MethodsA prospective cohort study was conducted between 2022 and 2023 in a single high-volume tertiary center, including 42 patients (54 knees) who consented to be enrolled. Patients underwent a series of 3 injections of ACP at weekly intervals, prepared using the Arthrex ACP Double-Syringe System. Lysholm scores were collected at baseline, 3-months, and 6-months post-injection.ResultsForty patients (49 knees) completed the follow-up and were included in the final analysis. The mean age was 53.8 ± 10.16 years (range 35-76 years), and the median body mass index (BMI) was 29 (interquartile range [IQR]: 27-34). There were 22 females and 18 males. Treatment failure occurred in 12 out of 49 cases (24.49%). The mean platelet concentration in the ACP was 588.5 ± 183.2 × 10/ml, with a mean platelet fold increase of 2.14 ± 0.71 compared to the baseline. Multi-linear regression modeling showed that older age and higher mean platelet concentration were predictors of higher post-injection Lysholm scores, with beta coefficients of 0.34 and 0.28, respectively, and values of 0.013 and 0.036, respectively.ConclusionAutologous conditioned plasma provided clinical benefits in this cohort study of knee OA patients for at least 6 months post-injection. Older age and a higher mean platelet concentration in the ACP were identified as predictors of a higher Lysholm score.
Successful Vitrification of Human Osteochondral Dowels and Intact Femoral Condyle.
Shahsavari M, Clark S, Elliott JAW … +1 more , Jomha NM
Cartilage · 2025 Mar · PMID 40085008 · Full text
ObjectiveCryopreservation via vitrification of articular cartilage (AC) will increase the availability of graft tissue for treating large joint defects. To advance this research area, we compared the effects of 2 cryopre...
ObjectiveCryopreservation via vitrification of articular cartilage (AC) will increase the availability of graft tissue for treating large joint defects. To advance this research area, we compared the effects of 2 cryopreservation protocols in which 10-mm diameter human osteochondral dowels were cooled and stored in liquid nitrogen vapor.DesignDowels collected from healthy human knee joints ( = 3 donors) of deceased donors were randomly assigned to Protocol 8 (430 min) or Protocol 2BWF (410 min). Post-warming chondrocyte viability was assessed and normalized to fresh controls.ResultsBoth protocols resulted in high chondrocyte viability after loading, vitrification, and rewarming (~80% of fresh control). Protocol 2BWF was subsequently used to vitrify and rewarm 3 human intact lateral femoral condyles. After rewarming, metabolic activity, normalized chondrocyte viability, histology, and matrix productivity were experimentally measured. Results documented ~82% of fresh chondrocyte viability post vitrification and rewarming, with similar results to the fresh control group on the other AC quality criteria.ConclusionThese results demonstrate that both Protocol 8 and Protocol 2BWF can preserve the quality of vitrified human AC in osteochondral dowels and human intact femoral condyles.
Influence of the BMI (<30 kg/m vs. ≥30 kg/m) on the Surgical Outcome of Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus: Prospective Data from the German Cartilage Registry (KnorpelRegister DGOU).
Richter A, Altemeier A, Becher C … +3 more , Güllmann M, Plaass C, Ettinger S
Cartilage · 2026 Jun · PMID 40071546 · Full text
ObjectiveAim of this study was to evaluate the 24 months follow-up data of the German Cartilage Registry (KnorpelRegister DGOU, GCR) regarding the influence of body mass index (BMI) on clinical outcomes after surgical os...
ObjectiveAim of this study was to evaluate the 24 months follow-up data of the German Cartilage Registry (KnorpelRegister DGOU, GCR) regarding the influence of body mass index (BMI) on clinical outcomes after surgical osteochondral lesions of the talus (OCT) treatment.DesignA total of 303 patients met the inclusion criteria. Pre- and post-operative Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS) total scores, subscores, and ΔFAOS were analyzed for most frequent surgical techniques (bone marrow stimulation [BMS], matrix-augmented BMS, matrix-augmented BMS with additional bone grafting) in normal weight group (NW, BMI <30 kg/m, = 228) and obese weight group (OW, BMI ≥30 kg/m, = 75).ResultsBMI was significantly different in NW and OW (24.6 ± 2.97 [16.9-29.9] kg/m vs. 33.7 ± 4.0 [30.0-51.3] kg/m, < 0.001). Significant improvement from pre- to post-operative FAOS score and subscales was reached in both groups (NW: 64.2 ± 17.5 vs. 77.7 ± 17.8; OW: 52.3 ± 15.5 vs. 73.5 ± 20.2; < 0.001) with higher pre- and post-operative scores in NW. No significant difference in ΔFAOS score was detected. Treatment technique did not influence the clinical outcome. OW showed an extended use of bone grafting due to greater defect depth. Age was significantly higher in OW compared to NW (35.7 ± 13.2 [18.0-69.0] years vs. 40.7 ± 13.1 [18.0-77.0] years, = 0.005).ConclusionsPatients benefit from surgical cartilage therapy regardless of their BMI. OW showed significantly lower pre- and post-operative FAOS scores. In OW, additional bone grafting was required more frequently due to significantly deeper defects.
Grading of Cartilage Damage in Degenerative Knee Osteoarthritis Based on Quantitative Parameters of the Infrapatellar Fat Pad: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Zeng J, Liang D, Tang G
Cartilage · 2025 Feb · PMID 39981646 · Full text
PURPOSE: The aim of this research was to investigate the relationship between quantitative texture parameters and degenerative cartilage damage in knee osteoarthritis (KOA) by conducting a full-volume texture analysis of...
PURPOSE: The aim of this research was to investigate the relationship between quantitative texture parameters and degenerative cartilage damage in knee osteoarthritis (KOA) by conducting a full-volume texture analysis of infrapatellar fat pad (IFP). In addition, this study also explored if the quantitative texture parameter models outperform semi-quantitative model in cartilage damage classification tasks. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study involved 202 patients who were diagnosed with KOA using imaging and clinical examinations. Texture parameters of the IFP were extracted from sagittal FSE PDWI fat-suppressed sequence images, and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression was used for feature selection. Spearman correlation analysis was conducted to assess the relationship between semi-quantitative parameter (Hoffa-synovitis score), quantitative parameters, and cartilage damage. Five multi-classification logistic regression models were developed to predict cartilage damage grade by using Hoffa-synovitis score, texture parameters, and clinical characteristics as independent variables. Subsequently, the performance of these models was compared. RESULTS: Eight texture features were screened out in this study. Correlation analysis showed that Hoffa synovitis score, texture parameters, and cartilage damage grade were significantly correlated (all < 0.05). The strongest correlation was found between Hoffa-synovitis score and cartilage damage, demonstrating a moderate positive relationship ( = 0.62). In terms of texture features, the Correlation parameter exhibited a moderate positive correlation with cartilage damage ( = 0.49), while other texture parameters had a slight positive correlation degree of positive or negative correlation. In the task of classifying cartilage damage, the model's macro-average area under the curve (AUC) only using the Hoffa-synovitis score was 0.73 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.64, 0.83), while the model using only selected texture parameters achieved a macro-average AUC of 0.84 (95% CI: 0.68, 0.94). Furthermore, the model that combined texture parameters and clinical features also achieved a macro-average AUC of 0.84 (95% CI: 0.72, 0.94). By integrating the Hoffa-synovitis score, texture parameters, and clinical features, the model's macro-average AUC experienced a slight improvement to 0.85 (95% CI: 0.74, 0.93). Notably, the model combining only Hoffa-synovitis score and texture parameters had the best classification performance, with a macro-average AUC of 0.88 (95% CI: 77, 0.97). The performance of the 4 models incorporating texture parameters outperformed that of the Hoffa-synovitis score alone (all < 0.05), however with no significant statistical difference observed among the 4 models (all > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: There existed a correlation between the texture parameters of the infrapatellar fat IFP and cartilage damage in KOA. The models using texture parameters demonstrated better performance in classifying cartilage damage compared to the models using only semi-quantitative parameter. Thus, we can infer that texture parameters had the potential to be valuable imaging biomarkers for evaluating cartilage damage.
Cartilage Organoids from Articular Chondroprogenitor Cells and Their Potential to Produce Neo-Hyaline Cartilage.
Menssen DMA, Feenstra JCA, Janssen RPA … +2 more , Abinzano F, Ito K
Cartilage · 2025 Feb · PMID 39925233 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: The use of autologous human primary articular chondrocytes (hPACs) for repairing damaged cartilage is the golden standard; however, their 2-dimensional (2D) expansion induces dedifferentiation, making it ch...
INTRODUCTION: The use of autologous human primary articular chondrocytes (hPACs) for repairing damaged cartilage is the golden standard; however, their 2-dimensional (2D) expansion induces dedifferentiation, making it challenging to create hyaline cartilage. Spinner flasks are efficient for generating cartilage organoids, allowing hPACs to proliferate without dedifferentiation; however, porcine notochordal cell-derived matrix (NCM) is needed for aggregation, limiting clinical application. Human articular chondroprogenitor cells (hACPCs) can be expanded many fold while maintaining chondrogenic potential. Therefore, the scalable production of hACPC cartilage organoids without NCM in spinner flasks was investigated in this study. METHODS: hPAC organoids with NCM and hACPC organoids using bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP-9) were produced in spinner flasks in 14 days. Thereafter, approximately 20 organoids were fused in low adhesive wells for 21 days. Organoids underwent mechanical testing, and both organoids and fused constructs were evaluated using biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS: The hACPCs self-assembled and synthesized abundant extracellular matrix once stimulated with BMP-9. The hPAC and hACPC organoids showed similar mechanical properties, but hACPC organoids and fused constructs showed a more uniform matrix and cell distribution. CONCLUSION: The hACPC organoids fused into a neo-hyaline cartilage-like tissue, demonstrating their potential for improved, scalable cartilage tissue repair.
Evaluation of the Femoral Condyle Radius of Curvature at the Chondral Surface Shows Significant Correlation With the Anterior-Posterior Length.
Jerban S, Tabbaa SM, Caldwell PE … +4 more , Jones KJ, Bugbee W, Crawford DC, Chang EY
Cartilage · 2025 Jan · PMID 39881445 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Accurate donor-recipient matching of the femoral condyle radius of curvature (ROC) in osteochondral allograft (OCA) transplantation may aid in minimizing articular surface incongruities. Matching linear femor...
BACKGROUND: Accurate donor-recipient matching of the femoral condyle radius of curvature (ROC) in osteochondral allograft (OCA) transplantation may aid in minimizing articular surface incongruities. Matching linear femorotibial dimensions, such as the femoral condyle anterior-posterior length (APL), femoral condyle width (lateral-medial length, LML), femoral hemicondyle width (HCW), and tibial plateau width (TPW), can provide similar results if they correlate well with ROC. This study investigates the relationship between femorotibial dimensions and ROC at the cartilage surface using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS: Deidentified MRI images of 63 patients (35 men, 33 ± 10 years old, and 28 women, 27 ± 8 years old) were analyzed. Axial images were used for APL, LML, and TPW (TPW-Ax) measurements, while coronal images were used for HCW and TPW (TPW-Cor) measurements. Cartilage was segmented in true sagittal images at the medial femoral condyle (MFC) and lateral femoral condyle (LFC) to calculate their specific cartilage surface ROCs. Linear regression models were used to determine the relationship between the femorotibial dimensions and ROC. RESULTS: Cartilage ROC was significantly correlated with all the linear femorotibial dimensions at the MFC ( < 0.01, = 0.78, 0.69, 0.67, 0.59, and 0.37 for ROC correlations with APL, LML, TPW-Ax, TPW-Cor, and HCW, respectively), and the LFC ( < 0.01, = 0.81, 0.61, 0.56, 0.54, and 0.41 for ROC correlations with APL, LML, TPW-Ax, TPW-Cor, and HCW, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The APL was the most predictive femorotibial dimension of the cartilage surface ROC. Donor-recipient APL matching in OCA transplantation may provide a similar level of matching to that achievable by direct ROC measurements. The APL matching may help reduce cartilage incongruities, particularly for patients with large osteochondral lesions, in which the ROC measurement cannot be accurately determined.
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