OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY
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200 papers
Excimer Laser for Calcified Nodule-Driven Early Stent Failure: Peristent Calcium Modification.
Inoguchi Y, Nishikawa R, Yakuta Y … +2 more , Yoshida T, Tamura Y
JACC Case Rep · 2026 Jun · PMID 42313019 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: In-stent restenosis (ISR) in hemodialysis patients is frequently driven by calcified nodules. The role of excimer laser coronary atherectomy (ELCA) in disrupting peristent calcification remains under-recogniz...
BACKGROUND: In-stent restenosis (ISR) in hemodialysis patients is frequently driven by calcified nodules. The role of excimer laser coronary atherectomy (ELCA) in disrupting peristent calcification remains under-recognized. CASE SUMMARY: An 81-year-old man on hemodialysis underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction involving the ostial right coronary artery. Three months later, angiography revealed subocclusive ISR. Intravascular ultrasound demonstrated a protruding calcified plaque flap suggestive of calcified nodule reprotrusion. ELCA using a 1.4-mm catheter resulted in fragmentation of the protruding calcified tissue and disruption of peristent calcium. DISCUSSION: Despite transient contrast staining, 6-month angiography and optical coherence tomography demonstrated durable patency and stable tissue healing. CONCLUSION: ELCA may be an effective adjunctive strategy for structurally driven ISR caused by calcified nodule reprotrusion. TAKE-HOME MESSAGES: Early ISR in hemodialysis patients may be structurally driven by recurrent calcified nodule protrusion through the stent struts rather than neointimal proliferation. ELCA can facilitate luminal gain through fragmentation of protruding calcified nodules and photomechanical disruption of peristent calcium.
Does New Rapid Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Acquisition Affect Image Quality in Healthy and Diseased Eyes?
Morsy MS, Mehta NN, Ali AL … +4 more , Reyes D, Walker E, Bartsch DG, Borooah S
Transl Vis Sci Technol · 2026 Jun · PMID 42312905 · Full text
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare standard 85 kilohertz (kHz) and newer high-speed 125 kHz optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) scanning modes in healthy and diseased eyes, assessing difference...
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare standard 85 kilohertz (kHz) and newer high-speed 125 kHz optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) scanning modes in healthy and diseased eyes, assessing differences in acquisition time, image quality, and quantitative vascular metrics. METHODS: This retrospective cross-sectional study included 200 eyes from 100 consecutive patients with a wide range of retinal diseases and healthy controls. Each eye underwent OCTA imaging at both 85 kHz and 125 kHz using 10 × 10 mm fields of view. Acquisition time was measured manually and automatically using the Heidelberg log file. Three retinal slabs, the superficial capillary plexus (SCP), deep capillary plexus (DCP), and choriocapillaris (CC),were analyzed. Two masked retinal specialists graded images for clinical utility and motion artifacts. Quantitative vascular metrics were extracted using AngioTool version 2.0, and Q-scores were recorded for all scans. Main outcome measures included acquisition time, Q-score, qualitative grading, and quantitative vascular parameters across the three slabs. RESULTS: High-speed 125 kHz scans significantly reduced mean acquisition time compared with 85 kHz (P < 0.001). Q-scores did not differ significantly between modes (P = 0.37). Qualitative grading favored 125 kHz scans, showing improved interpretability and fewer motion artifacts. Quantitative vascular metrics across SCP, DCP, and CC demonstrated no significant differences between scan speeds. CONCLUSIONS: High-speed 125 kHz OCTA markedly decreases acquisition time without compromising image quality, Q-score, or quantitative vascular parameters, supporting its use in routine and research imaging. TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE: Adoption of 125 kHz OCTA may enhance clinical workflow and patient comfort while preserving quantitative reliability, enabling more efficient high-speed imaging in practice.
Ocular Microstructural Alterations in Children With Spina Bifida: An Optical Coherence Tomography Study.
Ucan Gunduz G, Nizam Tekcan S, Erdem D … +3 more , Taskapilioglu O, Ozkaya G, Yalcinbayir O
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus · 2026 Jun · PMID 42312649 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: To investigate microstructural alterations in the retina, choroid, and optic nerve head in children with spina bifida using optical coherence tomography. METHODS: Thirty-eight children with spina bifida and 32 c...
PURPOSE: To investigate microstructural alterations in the retina, choroid, and optic nerve head in children with spina bifida using optical coherence tomography. METHODS: Thirty-eight children with spina bifida and 32 children without spina bifida were included in this cross-sectional study. Both groups were matched for age and sex. Comprehensive ophthalmological examinations included optical coherence tomography imaging of the macula, choroid, and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer. RESULTS: The mean age was 10.2 ± 3.5 years. Axial length was significantly shorter in patients with spina bifida ( = .025), and hyperopia was more frequent ( < .001). Central macular thickness was similar between the two groups ( = .553). However, single retinal layer analysis revealed significant differences. In patients with spina bifida, the outer nuclear layer was thicker ( = .019) and the inner nuclear and outer plexiform layers were thinner ( = .038, = .035). Subfoveal and nasal choroidal thicknesses were greater in patients with spina bifida ( = .012, = .038). However, there was no significant difference in choroidal thickness after comparing the two groups by controlling the axial length variable. CONCLUSIONS: Children with spina bifida may have retinal and choroidal alterations detectable with optical coherence tomography. Choroidal changes may be related to shorter axial length, whereas retinal alterations could reflect impaired macular development in spina bifida.
Systemic Inflammatory Markers and Their Relationship With Optic Nerve Head Alterations in Pediatric Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension.
Sensoy E, Uke Uzun S, Ayan ME … +1 more , Kacar Bayram A
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus · 2026 Jun · PMID 42312648 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: To evaluate systemic hematological inflammatory markers in pediatric patients with newly diagnosed idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) and to investigate their associations with optic nerve head involveme...
PURPOSE: To evaluate systemic hematological inflammatory markers in pediatric patients with newly diagnosed idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) and to investigate their associations with optic nerve head involvement assessed by retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness. METHODS: This retrospective study included 33 pediatric patients with IIH and 32 age- and sex-matched controls. Complete blood count parameters were recorded at diagnosis. Derived inflammatory indices (neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio, systemic immune-inflammation index, systemic inflammatory response index [SIRI], and pan-immune-inflammation value [PIV]) were calculated. RNFL thickness was measured using optical coherence tomography, and associations with inflammatory markers, Frisén grade, and lumbar puncture opening pressure were analyzed. RESULTS: Neutrophil and immature granulocyte counts, as well as the SIRI and PIV, were significantly higher in the pediatric IIH group compared with the control group (all < .05). Immature granulocyte count showed moderate and significant correlations with average and temporal RNFL thickness and Frisén grade ( ≤ .04). Neutrophil count correlated moderately with temporal RNFL and Frisén grade, whereas SIRI was weak and PIV was modestly associated with Frisén grade; PIV also correlated with temporal RNFL ( ≤ .04). Receiver operating characteristic analysis indicated that immature granulocyte count had the highest discriminative performance for pediatric IIH (area under the curve = 0.689). CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that inflammatory markers, including immature neutrophil and granulocyte counts, as well as SIRI and PIV, may be elevated in pediatric IIH. Among these, immature granulocyte count showed the most consistent correlation with disease-related structural findings, suggesting its potential role as an inflammatory indicator in IIH. These results highlight possible links between systemic inflammatory parameters and IIH and related optic nerve involvement.
Time of Day Effects of Contact Lens-Induced Full-Field and Peripheral-Field Defocus on Choroidal Thickness: A Pilot Study in Adults.
Srinivasan VV, Ravikumar A, Ostrin LA
Eye Contact Lens · 2026 Jun · PMID 42312587 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: To determine the effects of contact lens-induced full-field and peripheral-field myopic defocus on choroid thickness and variation with time of day in young adults. METHODS: In this prospective, randomized, cros...
PURPOSE: To determine the effects of contact lens-induced full-field and peripheral-field myopic defocus on choroid thickness and variation with time of day in young adults. METHODS: In this prospective, randomized, crossover study, 16 adults (age 28.2±6.3 years) participated in four experimental sessions (two morning and two evening). At each session, optical coherence tomography (OCT) was performed before and 60 min after distance viewing with either full-field or peripheral-field +2.50 D contact lens-induced defocus in the left experimental eye and distance correction in the right eye. Recovery was assessed after 20 min with distance correction in both eyes. Choroidal thickness was analyzed using a custom MATLAB program and two-factor repeated-measures ANOVAs. RESULTS: Mean spherical equivalent refraction was -1.7±1.7 D in right eyes and -1.9±2.0 D in left eyes (P=0.20). Baseline choroidal thickness was greater in the morning (326±71 μm) than evening (316±72 μm, P=0.006). No significant changes occurred after 60 min for either full field or peripheral-field in the morning or evening (P>0.05 for all). CONCLUSION: One-hour exposure to full-field or peripheral myopic defocus did not alter choroidal thickness, irrespective of time of day, in young adults with a range of refractive errors. Studies in children, particularly with longer durations of imposed defocus, are needed to determine whether short-term structural responses may serve as clinically meaningful biomarkers.
OCT-Based Quantitative Comparison of Full-Thickness Healing of Corneal Incisions in Cataract Surgery Between Diabetic and Nondiabetic Patients.
Chen Y, Fu Y, Li L … +5 more , Li W, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Zhang Q, Ke M
Cornea · 2026 Jun · PMID 42312563 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: To quantify full-thickness healing of clear-corneal incisions after cataract surgery in patients with and without diabetes, thereby providing evidence-based foundation for perioperative care. METHODS: In this re...
PURPOSE: To quantify full-thickness healing of clear-corneal incisions after cataract surgery in patients with and without diabetes, thereby providing evidence-based foundation for perioperative care. METHODS: In this retrospective cohort, 141 eyes (51 diabetic, 90 nondiabetic) that underwent phacoemulsification were followed. Corneal epithelial healing was assessed via fluorescein staining at 1 week. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography was used to measure the volume of the hemi-cornea containing the surgical incision and its rate of change (RCVHCSI) postoperatively at 1 week and 1 month. Structure defects-internal gape, endothelial misalignment, and Descemet membrane detachment-were recorded. RESULTS: At 1 week, compared with the nondiabetic group, diabetic eyes showed slower epithelial healing (80.39% vs. 92.22%, P = 0.038) and greater corneal edema (RCVHCSI 5.62% vs. 3.68%, P = 0.017). They also exhibited more internal gape (39.22% vs. 16.67%, P = 0.003), endothelial misalignment (15.69% vs. 2.22%, P = 0.008), and Descemet membrane detachment (27.45% vs. 12.22%, P = 0.023). In diabetic eyes, higher preoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) increased the odds of gape (odds ratio [OR] = 1.26, P = 0.010), whereas older age increased the risks of misalignment (OR = 1.14, P = 0.038) and detachment (OR = 1.26, P = 0.002). Age correlated positively with 1-week RCVHCSI, and male patients showed higher 1-month RCVHCSI. CONCLUSIONS: Diabetes delays corneal incision healing and amplifies incision-related edema and structural defects, elderly male diabetic patients with higher preoperative intraocular pressure are more prone to delayed corneal incision.
Clinical Application of the Modified Scleral Tunnel Intraocular Lens Ciliary Sulcus Suture-Fixation Technique.
Li B, Liu Y, Long X … +1 more , Qi H
J Ophthalmol · 2026 · PMID 42311829 · Full text
PURPOSE: To evaluate the visual outcomes, intraocular lens (IOL) positional stability, and impact on the ocular surface following a novel modified scleral tunnel IOL ciliary sulcus suture-fixation technique in eyes witho...
PURPOSE: To evaluate the visual outcomes, intraocular lens (IOL) positional stability, and impact on the ocular surface following a novel modified scleral tunnel IOL ciliary sulcus suture-fixation technique in eyes without adequate capsular support. DESIGN: A prospective single-arm cohort study. METHODS: A total of 48 eyes underwent the modified fixation procedure, which utilized a microcurved needle with 10-0 polypropylene suture to create a scleral tunnel for suture burial. Main outcome measures were assessed preoperatively and at 1 and 3 months postoperatively. Visual function was evaluated by measuring uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) and best-corrected distance visual acuity (BCVA) using standard logarithmic charts and by manifest refraction. IOL position (decentration and tilt) was quantified using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) with ImageJ software analysis. Ocular surface impact was assessed via tear film break-up time (BUT), corneal fluorescein staining (FL), and the Schirmer I test (SIT). RESULTS: Visual outcomes significantly improved: postoperative UDVA was 0.41 ± 0.36 logMAR, and BCVA was 0.25 ± 0.32 logMAR, compared to preoperative 1.16 ± 0.65 and 0.61 ± 0.60 logMAR, respectively (both < 0.001). IOL position was stable, with a mean horizontal and vertical decentration of 0.38 mm and 0.39 mm, respectively, and a mean tilt of 3.34° and 3.42°. Ocular surface parameters showed a transient disturbance at 1 month (BUT decreased, FL increased) but returned to near-baseline levels by 3 months postoperatively. CONCLUSION: The modified scleral tunnel IOL fixation technique effectively restores visual function, provides excellent and stable IOL positioning, and induces only transient, reversible disturbance to the ocular surface. This method represents a safe and effective surgical option for eyes lacking capsular support.
Exudative Retinal Detachments: A Rare Adverse Effect of Topiramate.
Aljefri S, Alzakari M, Milibari B … +1 more , Milibari D
Clin Case Rep · 2026 Jun · PMID 42311776 · Full text
Topiramate-induced multifocal exudative retinal detachment is a rare but potentially vision-threatening adverse effect. We report a 59-year-old woman with idiopathic intracranial hypertension who developed painless bilat...
Topiramate-induced multifocal exudative retinal detachment is a rare but potentially vision-threatening adverse effect. We report a 59-year-old woman with idiopathic intracranial hypertension who developed painless bilateral blurry vision and color desaturation 8 days after initiation of topiramate 25 mg twice daily. Fundus examination and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography demonstrated bilateral multifocal exudative retinal detachment with subretinal fluid. Extensive infectious and inflammatory investigations were unremarkable. Topiramate was discontinued, resulting in complete anatomical resolution of subretinal fluid and improvement of visual acuity to 20/30 in both eyes over 3 months of follow-up. This case highlights the importance of recognizing this uncommon ocular complication and the potential for complete recovery following prompt drug cessation.
Sequential Intravitreal Corticosteroid Rescue Including Ozurdex After Anti-VEGF Failure in Bilateral Uveitic Cystoid Macular Edema With Asymmetric Relapse.
Simaku E, Nour Edien A, Popa M
Cureus · 2026 May · PMID 42311705 · Full text
Uveitic cystoid macular edema (CME) is a major cause of visual loss in patients with intraocular inflammation and may demonstrate inadequate response to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy. Intrav...
Uveitic cystoid macular edema (CME) is a major cause of visual loss in patients with intraocular inflammation and may demonstrate inadequate response to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy. Intravitreal corticosteroids remain an important therapeutic option in inflammation-driven macular edema. This report describes the anatomical and functional course of bilateral uveitic CME refractory to anti-VEGF treatment and subsequently managed with sequential intravitreal corticosteroid therapy. A woman with bilateral uveitic CME was followed with serial optical coherence tomography and best-corrected visual acuity assessment. Initial evaluation showed marked bilateral macular thickening with reduced vision, more severe in the left eye. Despite repeated intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy, both anatomical and functional outcomes remained unsatisfactory, with persistent edema and visual deterioration. Treatment was then changed to bilateral intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide, after which substantial visual and anatomical improvement was observed in both eyes. The subsequent course was relapsing and asymmetric, with earlier recurrence in the left eye and later bilateral recurrence after missed follow-up. Because of the recurrent nature of the disease, bilateral dexamethasone intravitreal implant (Ozurdex) was administered, leading again to marked improvement in visual acuity and macular anatomy. This case demonstrates that bilateral uveitic CME refractory to anti-VEGF therapy may show limited response to repeated anti-VEGF treatment but substantial anatomical and functional improvement after sequential intravitreal corticosteroid therapy. It also highlights the relapsing and asymmetric course of inflammatory macular edema and the importance of individualized retreatment and close optical coherence tomography (OCT)-based monitoring.
Erratum: Review of dynamic optical coherence tomography for intracellular motility [Invited]: errata.
Josefsberg AL, Yang L, Robinson TN
Biomed Opt Express · 2026 Jun · PMID 42311316 · Full text
[This corrects the article on p. 5005 in vol. 16, PMID: 41394485.].
[This corrects the article on p. 5005 in vol. 16, PMID: 41394485.].
Multimodal Optical Biosensing for Precision Medicine and Healthcare: Introduction to the feature issue.
Kumar S, Singh R, Schena E … +2 more , Min R, Marques C
Biomed Opt Express · 2026 Jun · PMID 42311312 · Full text
The feature issue "Multimodal Optical Biosensing for Precision Medicine and Healthcare," published in , is a curated selection of advances in optical biosensing technologies and their applications in healthcare and preci...
The feature issue "Multimodal Optical Biosensing for Precision Medicine and Healthcare," published in , is a curated selection of advances in optical biosensing technologies and their applications in healthcare and precision medicine. The demand for precise, real-time, non-invasive diagnostic and therapeutic tools has led to multimodal optical biosensing as the recent direction by merging complementary methodologies (e.g., optical biosensors, optical coherence tomography, optical biophysics and photobiology, optical diagnostics, microscopy, and terahertz spectroscopy and imaging). This feature issue contains a collection of articles that showcase advances in sensor design and validation, signal processing and imaging methodologies, as well as clinical translation. The contributions published showcase tremendous advances in the microscale and nanoscale development of biosensing platforms and are directed toward uses including disease diagnosis, monitoring, and therapeutic guidance via improved sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, robustness, reliability. This collection will provide an avenue for publishing new research, fostering interdisciplinary collaboration between technology and medicine development, and advancing the field of next-generation optical biosensors towards precision healthcare.
Automated anatomically guided quality assessment for OCTA via multi-region analysis and statistical calibration.
Zhang E, Yuan H, Zhang L … +1 more , Huo L
Biomed Opt Express · 2026 Jun · PMID 42311311 · Full text
Reliable optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) requires not only high-resolution acquisition but also standardized image quality control to ensure accurate vascular quantification. However, existing quality ass...
Reliable optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) requires not only high-resolution acquisition but also standardized image quality control to ensure accurate vascular quantification. However, existing quality assessment approaches largely rely on subjective grading or global image descriptors and do not account for the region-dependent characteristics of OCTA decorrelation signals. Here, we propose an anatomically informed OCTA quality assessment framework that integrates multi-region segmentation with statistically calibrated semi-supervised learning. The segment anything model is employed to partition each image into large vessels, capillary networks, and the foveal avascular zone (FAZ), enabling that region-specific evaluation accounts for heterogeneous artifact sensitivity and optical signal formation mechanisms. Physically interpretable metrics, including vessel edge sharpness, contrast-to-noise ratio, and signal-to-noise ratio, are extracted to construct a decorrelation-grounded feature space. A distribution-calibrated grading strategy with a modulation factor of 0.9 is introduced to support stable grading under limited annotations. Evaluated on the public OCTA-500 dataset and an independent clinical dataset, the framework achieves an average Dice coefficient of 81.21 percent for region segmentation and a grading accuracy of 90.0 percent with a Cohen kappa of 0.864. By transforming global heuristic scoring into anatomically resolved and measurement-consistent evaluation, the framework supports automated data filtering for AI training pipelines and can be integrated into OCT acquisition workflows for device-level performance calibration and standardized quality control.
Spatially resolved in vivo ratiometric imaging of mitochondrial quality control using co-registered confocal-OCT.
Sadhin AH, Rajasekar J, Son T … +2 more , Kazlauskas A, Yao X
Biomed Opt Express · 2026 Jun · PMID 42311307 · Full text
Mitochondrial quality control is essential for maintaining cellular bioenergetic homeostasis, but in vivo monitoring of its spatial dynamics remains difficult to quantify. Here we present a multimodal retinal imaging app...
Mitochondrial quality control is essential for maintaining cellular bioenergetic homeostasis, but in vivo monitoring of its spatial dynamics remains difficult to quantify. Here we present a multimodal retinal imaging approach that enables spatially resolved ratiometric assessment of mitochondrial turnover using a hybrid confocal-optical coherence tomography (OCT) platform. Dual-wavelength confocal excitation of the pH-sensitive mt-Keima reporter is intrinsically co-registered with structural OCT and OCT angiography (OCTA), permitting compartment-specific quantification of excitation-dependent fluorescence within vascular and avascular retinal regions. In vivo imaging in mt-Keima transgenic mice demonstrated robust ratiometric separation of neutral and acidic mitochondrial environments and sensitivity to pharmacologic enhancement of mitophagy using 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR). OCTA-guided segmentation further revealed spatial heterogeneity in excitation-dependent mitochondrial signals between vascular and avascular retinal regions.
Multiparametric dynamic optical coherence tomography for evaluation of human cardiac organoids subjected to external stress.
Shitiri NC, Le TD, Yoo SJ … +4 more , Cho M, Kim YS, Ahn Y, Lee C
Biomed Opt Express · 2026 Jun · PMID 42311306 · Full text
Understanding how cardiac organoids respond to environmental stress is essential for advancing cardiac research and drug screening. In this study, we introduce a multiparametric dynamic optical coherence tomography (MP-D...
Understanding how cardiac organoids respond to environmental stress is essential for advancing cardiac research and drug screening. In this study, we introduce a multiparametric dynamic optical coherence tomography (MP-DOCT) to characterize noninvasively temporal and spatial parameters of human cardiac organoids. This approach captures both temporal features, including beating, rise and decay times, resting time, contraction-relaxation duration, contraction-relaxation intervals, frequency, and maximum velocity, and spatial measures, including effective beating area and frequency mapping. These parameters were validated in two experiments: room temperature exposure and drug treatment. To evaluate responses from external temperature changes, organoids were imaged at 30 min intervals for 180 min following room temperature exposure. To examine drug-induced changes, organoids were monitored at 5 min intervals for 30 min after drug delivery. Our results provide substantial information about the functional responsiveness of cardiac organoids subjected to stress and highlight quantitative MP-DOCT imaging as a robust platform for enhancing organoid-based disease models and treatment evaluation.
Histology correlated adaptive optics polarisation sensitive optical coherence tomography.
Smart TJ, Charbit B, Zhou Z … +6 more , Tian Y, Athwal A, Song J, Ju MJ, Chu CJ, Sarunic MV
Biomed Opt Express · 2026 Jun · PMID 42311299 · Full text
Adaptive optics polarisation sensitive optical coherence tomography (AO-PS-OCT) provides high-resolution and tissue-specific contrast for the study of retinal pathology. We used our recently developed AO-PS-OCT system to...
Adaptive optics polarisation sensitive optical coherence tomography (AO-PS-OCT) provides high-resolution and tissue-specific contrast for the study of retinal pathology. We used our recently developed AO-PS-OCT system to acquire longitudinal images of laser injury in the mouse retina over a ten-day period. Hyper-reflective foci (HRF) were observed in both reflectance and PS-OCT modalities. Spatial registration with immunohistochemistry showed co-localisation of HRF in our PS-OCT modality with IB4-positive myeloid cells and probable pigment in the confocal transmission channel, suggesting uptake of melanin-containing RPE debris as a source of PS contrast. These results demonstrate the potential of AO-PS-OCT for discrimination of HRF
Instrument-integrated optical coherence tomography for quantitative assessment of tissue alteration in retinal endolaser photocoagulation.
Wu D, Mai Tobon M, Lux F … +3 more , Tagliabue E, Matten P, Ataman Ç
Biomed Opt Express · 2026 Jun · PMID 42311293 · Full text
Retinal endolaser photocoagulation (REPC) is a common vitreoretinal procedure, yet quantitative and intraoperative assessment of treatment outcomes remains challenging with microscopic imaging or conventional microscope-...
Retinal endolaser photocoagulation (REPC) is a common vitreoretinal procedure, yet quantitative and intraoperative assessment of treatment outcomes remains challenging with microscopic imaging or conventional microscope-integrated optical coherence tomography (miOCT) systems. In this work, we evaluate a novel endolaser probe with instrument-integrated optical coherence tomography (iiOCT) for tissue monitoring in retinal endolaser photocoagulation (REPC) procedures. Retinal tissue changes in porcine eyes were quantified from iiOCT M-scans (consecutive A-scans acquired over time), enabling both structural and phase-sensitive characterization of laser-induced responses. We also developed mixed-effect models incorporating iiOCT-derived metrics to predict reference dosimetry metrics from microscopic images and miOCT C-scans. The ordinal model reliably classified lesion visibility (accuracy = 0.884), outperforming a laser-parameters-only model. The linear model effectively predicted lesion size (average = 0.87), with the inclusion of the iiOCT-derived M-metric improving by approximately 8.3%. This proposed system bridges the gap between miOCT- and iiOCT-based dosimetry and establishes a foundation for real-time intraoperative feedback to improve the safety and efficacy of retinal endolaser surgery.
Computational and experimental investigation of nanoparticle effects on tissue optical properties and optical coherence tomography imaging.
Khatami SS, Ansari MA, Shariati B K B … +1 more , Tuchin VV
Biomed Opt Express · 2026 Jun · PMID 42311289 · Full text
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a widely used biomedical imaging modality due to its simplicity, low cost, and high spatial resolution; however, its performance is fundamentally limited by low intrinsic image contr...
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a widely used biomedical imaging modality due to its simplicity, low cost, and high spatial resolution; however, its performance is fundamentally limited by low intrinsic image contrast, particularly at increased imaging depths. Nanoparticle-based contrast agents have been proposed as an effective strategy to overcome this limitation by modifying tissue optical properties and enhancing OCT signal formation. Despite advances in nanoparticle design, a systematic understanding of how nanoparticles influence tissue optical properties and OCT image contrast remains limited, partly due to the high computational cost of conventional simulation approaches. In this study, a combined computational and experimental framework is developed to investigate the effects of nanoparticles on tissue optical properties and OCT imaging. A hybrid numerical approach integrating finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulations, performed using Lumerical FDTD Solutions, with Monte Carlo (MC) light transport modeling, is employed to quantify nanoparticle-induced changes in tissue absorption, scattering, and anisotropy parameters. These modified optical properties are then incorporated into OCT simulations without explicitly resolving nanoparticles within the MC domain. The computational framework is experimentally validated through optical property measurements and OCT imaging of nanoparticle-embedded gelatin-based tissue phantoms. Both numerical and experimental results demonstrate that the presence of nanoparticles significantly enhances OCT image contrast, with nanoparticle shape playing a critical role. In particular, triangular nanoparticles provide a more pronounced contrast enhancement compared to nanorods and nanospheres, which is attributed to their stronger scattering efficiency and enhanced plasmonic response. The proposed framework substantially reduces computational runtime relative to conventional methods while maintaining adequate physical accuracy, offering an efficient and reliable tool for evaluating nanoparticle-mediated contrast enhancement in OCT imaging.
Multi-contrast optical coherence tomography for visualization and quantification of vascular features and collagen in mouse ovaries in aging.
Negri S, Yan F, Milan M … +10 more , Gulej R, Ihuoma J, Kosmider A, Tavakol S, Troyano-Rodriguez E, Rudraboina R, Wang C, Csiszar A, Tang Q, Tarantini S
Biomed Opt Express · 2026 Jun · PMID 42311284 · Full text
Multi-contrast optical coherence tomography (MC-OCT), incorporating optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and polarization-sensitive OCT (PS-OCT), offers a powerful non-invasive approach for interrogating ovari...
Multi-contrast optical coherence tomography (MC-OCT), incorporating optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and polarization-sensitive OCT (PS-OCT), offers a powerful non-invasive approach for interrogating ovarian microvascular and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling . However, its application to ovarian aging has remained largely unexplored. Here, we establish and validate MC-OCT as a robust imaging platform for visualizing and quantifying age-related changes in vascular architecture and collagen organization in mouse ovaries. Using OCTA, we demonstrate a progressive decline in ovarian microvascular density, complexity, and connectivity with advancing age. Complementary PS-OCT imaging reveals increased collagen-associated birefringence, indicative of fibrotic ECM remodeling. Quantitative OCT-derived metrics show strong agreement with histological validation using immunohistochemistry, second harmonic generation microscopy, and Sirius Red staining, confirming the accuracy and reproducibility of MC-OCT measurements. Importantly, MC-OCT enables longitudinal, real-time assessment of ovarian structure without tissue disruption, allowing detection of age-dependent remodeling that is not accessible with conventional methods. Together, these findings establish MC-OCT as a sensitive and reliable tool for non-destructive evaluation of ovarian vascular and fibrotic changes, providing a valuable platform for studying ovarian aging and assessing interventions aimed at preserving reproductive health.
Selected Retinal and Choroidal Parameters Assessed by Optical Coherence Tomography and Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea.
Szabelska P, Białas D, Mianowany M … +4 more , Kukwa W, Radzikowska J, Różycki R, Gołębiewska J
Med Sci Monit · 2026 Jun · PMID 42310928 · Full text
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to assess selected retinal parameters and choroidal thickness in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty-nine patients (98 eyes) were included in this prospe...
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to assess selected retinal parameters and choroidal thickness in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty-nine patients (98 eyes) were included in this prospective cross-sectional study: 33 patients with moderate or severe OSA (66 eyes) and 16 controls with no or mild OSA (32 eyes). Control and study group participants were classified according to polysomnography results. Foveal avascular zone parameters, vessel density of the superficial (SVD) and deep (DVD) capillary plexuses in the macular region, and choroidal thickness were assessed using the AngioVue Imaging System (Optovue). Results were compared between the study and control groups. Correlations between age and these measurements were calculated. RESULTS There were no significant differences in SVD or DVD between the groups (all P>0.05). Foveal avascular zone area and perimeter were significantly larger in the OSA group than in controls (P=0.0163 and P=0.0236, respectively). No significant differences were observed in foveal vessel density within 300 µm (FD-300) values (P=0.2852). Choroidal thickness measurements were significantly higher in the OSA group overall (P=0.0054), although these values showed a moderate negative correlation with age (r=-0.36, P=0.0002). CONCLUSIONS Subtle retinal microvascular alterations and increased choroidal thickness in OSA may indicate an impact of intermittent hypoxia on ocular structures. The relatively small study sample represents a limitation of the study.
Choroidal thickness on optical coherence tomography as a longitudinal predictor of visual outcomes in intermediate uveitis.
Biswal S, Sagar P, Just MD … +7 more , Merten NR, Berger M, Terheyden JH, Schmid M, Holz FG, Finger RP, Wintergerst MWM
Sci Rep · 2026 Jun · PMID 42310384 · Full text
To assess longitudinal changes in subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) and mean choroidal thickness (MCT) in intermediate uveitis, eyes with at least one follow-up visit were included. These eyes were stratified into cli...
To assess longitudinal changes in subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) and mean choroidal thickness (MCT) in intermediate uveitis, eyes with at least one follow-up visit were included. These eyes were stratified into clinically worsened, stable, or improved based on changes in clinical parameters including Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature (SUN) classification, to evaluate their prognostic value for future best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central retinal thickness (CRT). Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (Heidelberg Engineering, Germany) was used to image the central macula. SFCT, MCT, and CRT were measured manually within the central 1 mm. Mixed-effects regression analysis controlling for age and sex was used to evaluate the prognostic value of SFCT and MCT regarding future BCVA and CRT. A total of 91 eyes from 52 patients were included in the analysis. While 12 eyes worsened, 62 remained stable, and 17 improved. Choroidal thickness remained stable over time, with no significant differences in SFCT or MCT change between clinical groups (p > 0.5 for all). When controlling for age and sex, both the baseline SFCT (estimate = -0.35 × 10 ³ logMAR per µm, p = 0.040) and MCT (estimate = -0.42 × 10³ logMAR per µm, p = 0.018) were prognostic for future BCVA. MCT, but not SFCT, was significantly associated with future CRT (estimate = -0.15 μm per µm, p = 0.010 vs. -0.13 μm per µm, p = 0.140). Choroidal thickness in terms of baseline SFCT and MCT is prognostic of future BCVA and could serve as a prognostic structural biomarker for intermediate uveitis.
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