Kaibogaku Zasshi [JOURNAL]
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200 papers
[Health effects of formaldehyde, as an indoor air pollutant].
Sakamoto T, Miyake M
Kaibogaku Zasshi · 2010 Mar · PMID 20384189
Formaldehyde is an important chemical used widely by industry in numerous household products. Therefore, when room ventilation is inadequate, formaldehyde may stagnate in rooms and adversely affect the health of inhabita...
Formaldehyde is an important chemical used widely by industry in numerous household products. Therefore, when room ventilation is inadequate, formaldehyde may stagnate in rooms and adversely affect the health of inhabitants. Exposure to formaldehyde in living space has been found to be associated with asthma and 'sick house syndrome' (health disturbances induced by chemical contaminants in domestic environments). In addition, formaldehyde exposure among medical students and teachers who dissect cadavers in the gross anatomy laboratory likely causes a health problem. Avoidance of formaldehyde exposure can reduce the incidence and severity of ill-health conditions, although the ability of low concentrations of formaldehyde to trigger mechanisms contributing to them is still debated. Setting appropriate exposure limits for formaldehyde as an indoor environmental pollutant requires further quantitative and predictive evaluation of its health effects.
[Toxicity of formaldehyde exposure and the details of its control measures].
Uchiyama I
Kaibogaku Zasshi · 2010 Mar · PMID 20384188
The indoor air quality guideline (0.08 ppm) for formaldehyde was set in 1997. Afterwards, the occupational indoor air quality guideline for workplace where formaldehyde was manufactured or treated (the specific workplace...
The indoor air quality guideline (0.08 ppm) for formaldehyde was set in 1997. Afterwards, the occupational indoor air quality guideline for workplace where formaldehyde was manufactured or treated (the specific workplace handling formaldehyde) was set at the value of 0.25 ppm. In addition, the Labor Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, has done a risk-based evaluation by using risk assessment analysis, in order to prevent the adverse effect of certain chemical materials on workers' health. In the case of formaldehyde, the primary evaluation value was assumed to be 0.033 ppm that corresponded in carcinogenic risk level 10(-4) with adjusted level for workers. The secondary evaluation value was assumed to be 0.3 ppm which was the Threshold Limit Value-Ceiling (TLV-C) recommended by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. Working environment measurement ("A" measurement methods) and/or individual exposure monitoring of formaldehyde at 22 workshops, where workers were potentially exposed to formaldehyde, were performed. The working environmental level in 3 workshops and the individual exposure level of 14 workers exceeded the secondary evaluation value (0.3 ppm). The rule for preventing the impairment of workers' health caused by the specified chemical substances was then revised so that formaldehyde was controlled more strictly and was reclassified from the third group to the second group of specified chemical substances. In addition, the administrative level of formaldehyde was set to 0.1 ppm, because of around a half of TLV-C value. Medical students have exposed to about 0.55 ppm in average formaldehyde during anatomy practice in the investigation of Japanese Association of Anatomists, though the gross anatomy practice room does not receive the restriction of the administrative level of formaldehyde. It is preferable that the exposure concentration of formaldehyde to the medical students is 0.1 ppm or less because formaldehyde is an irritant gas and a sensitizing potential, and is also a human carcinogen.
[Reducing the levels of formaldehyde exposure during a gross anatomy dissection course with a local ventilation system].
Kikuta A, Yamato H, Kunugita N … +2 more , Nakashima T, Hayashi H
Kaibogaku Zasshi · 2010 Mar · PMID 20384187
Reducing the levels of formaldehyde (FA) exposure in gross anatomy laboratories has been urgently required. We improved the environment of our gross anatomy laboratory by changing the existing general ventilation to loca...
Reducing the levels of formaldehyde (FA) exposure in gross anatomy laboratories has been urgently required. We improved the environment of our gross anatomy laboratory by changing the existing general ventilation to local ventilation. We developed a local ventilation apparatus (grid-type of hood with downward suction) that can be attached to an ordinary dissection table. Furthermore, in order to make this local ventilation apparatus an enclosure hood, the upper plate of the dissection table was surrounded by flexible vertical flanges. The apparatus works as an effective enclosure hood without interfering with students' practice of dissection. We installed 26 local ventilation apparatuses and connected them to the ventilation duct. The ventilation ducts were installed above the ceiling or along the pillars not to interfere with students' vision and movements in the room. Adopting the local ventilation system reduced dramatically the students' and lecturers' exposure to formaldehyde. The geometric mean formaldehyde concentration was 0.066 ppm in the anatomy laboratory in 2005. Since 2005, the new system has enabled us to comply with safety and health regulations and providing a smell- and irritant-free dissection room with an excellent environment for anatomy study.
[Formaldehyde-reducing efficiency of a newly developed dissection-table-connected local ventilation system in the gross anatomy laboratory room].
Shinoda K, Oba J
Kaibogaku Zasshi · 2010 Mar · PMID 20384186
In compliance with health and safety management guidelines against harmful formaldehyde (FA) levels in the gross anatomy laboratory, we newly developed a dissection-table-connected local ventilation system in 2006. The s...
In compliance with health and safety management guidelines against harmful formaldehyde (FA) levels in the gross anatomy laboratory, we newly developed a dissection-table-connected local ventilation system in 2006. The system was composed of (1) a simple plenum-chambered dissection table with low-cost filters, (2) a transparent vinyl flexible duct for easy mounting and removal, which connects the table and the exhaust pipe laid above the ceiling, and (3) an intake creating a downward-flow of air, which was installed on the ceiling just above each table. The dissection table was also designed as a separate-component system, of which the upper plate and marginal suction inlets can be taken apart for cleaning after dissection, and equipped with opening/closing side-windows for picking up materials dropped during dissection and a container underneath the table to receive exudate from the cadaver through a waste-fluid pipe. The local ventilation system dramatically reduced FA levels to 0.01-0.03 ppm in the gross anatomy laboratory room, resulting in no discomforting FA smell and irritating sensation while preserving the student's view of room and line of flow as well as solving the problems of high maintenance cost, sanitation issues inside the table, and working-inconvenience during dissection practice. Switching ventilation methods or power-modes, the current local ventilation system was demonstrated to be more than ten times efficient in FA reduction compared to the whole-room ventilation system and suggested that 11 m3/min/table in exhaust volume should decrease FA levels in both A- and B-measurements to less than 0.1 ppm in 1000 m3 space containing thirty-one 3.5%-FA-fixed cadavers.
[Morphological study of the diacylglycerol kinase family].
Hozumi Y
Kaibogaku Zasshi · 2009 Dec · PMID 20030187
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[Reconstruction of life history of ancient human skeletal remains based on new methods].
Nagaoka T
Kaibogaku Zasshi · 2009 Dec · PMID 20030186
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[Comparative cytology and histology of primary urine-producing organs].
Ichimura K
Kaibogaku Zasshi · 2009 Dec · PMID 20030185
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[To elucidate the mechanisms of pain and visceral pain].
Ozaki N
Kaibogaku Zasshi · 2009 Dec · PMID 20030184
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[Analysis of astrocyte-derived stress-related genes].
Hori O
Kaibogaku Zasshi · 2009 Dec · PMID 20030183
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[Wnt signaling and cancer].
Hamada F
Kaibogaku Zasshi · 2009 Dec · PMID 20030182
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[The effects of a novel local ventilation system to reduce the health hazard to students during gross anatomy courses].
Matsuda S, Hasegawa M, Muro H … +8 more , Asano H, Hamada F, Shimokawa T, Miyawaki K, Nabeka H, Wakisaka H, Hamai M, Kobayashi N
Kaibogaku Zasshi · 2009 Dec · PMID 20030181
Formaldehyde or formalin is indispensable not only as a preservative but also as a disinfectant of cadavers for gross anatomy. It has recently attracted a great deal of attention as a health hazard for students and lectu...
Formaldehyde or formalin is indispensable not only as a preservative but also as a disinfectant of cadavers for gross anatomy. It has recently attracted a great deal of attention as a health hazard for students and lecturers. To reduce the concentration of formaldehyde gas (FAG), we improved a novel local ventilation system of the push-pull type. This is the first report dealing with the effects of this ventilation system on the health of students before (over 1 ppm) and after (0.1 ppm) the installation. The percentages of students with lacrymal symptoms or airway irritation were reduced to a third of what they were before the installation. In particular, the number of those with continuously strong symptoms was reduced to a sixth of the pre-installation levels. This local ventilation system draws in fresh air from outside, and directs it to the breathing zone of the students, effectively reducing their symptoms.
[Abstracts of the 114th Annual Meeting of the Japanese Association of Anatomists. Okayama, Japan. March 28-30, 2009].
Kaibogaku Zasshi · 2009 Mar · PMID 20017263
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[Identification and classification of lysozyme-expressing cells in the mouse small intestinal crypt and their correlation with the morphology of secretory granules and labeling density of immunogold].
Satot T, Kawamoto E, Yamada J
Kaibogaku Zasshi · 2009 Sep · PMID 19803390
The four principal epithelial cell lineages (absorptive enterocytes, goblet cells, enteroendocrine cells and Paneth cells) of the adult mouse small intestine derive from multipotent stem cells. Furthermore, the intermedi...
The four principal epithelial cell lineages (absorptive enterocytes, goblet cells, enteroendocrine cells and Paneth cells) of the adult mouse small intestine derive from multipotent stem cells. Furthermore, the intermediate cells and granule goblet cells are located near the base of crypts of mouse intestine; the former has the characteristics of goblet and Paneth cells and the latter is transformed from the intermediate cells. However, the grounds and the definition for classifing these three cell types (Paneth, intermediate and granule goblet cells) are vague, making it difficult to discuss the structure and a function of those cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate the identification and classification of lysozyme-expressing cells in the mouse small intestinal crypt and their correlation with the morphology of secretory granules and labeling density of immunogold using quantitative immunoelectron microscopy analysis. The results were follows. (1) Paneth cells, intermediate cells and granule goblet cells showed lysozyme immunoreactivity in the electron-dense core of biphasic secretory granules, and therefore lysozyme-exprssing cells were identified in the mouse small intestinal crypt. The sizes of secretory granules were divided into ten groups (every 10%) according to area ratio (core/granule (%)). (2) This distribution of three type cells was classified statistically into "Paneth cell phase": 61% < or = (core/granule (%)), "intermediate cell phase": (core/granule (%)) 21 < or = 60%, "granule goblet cell phase": (core/granule (%)) < or = 20%. (3) Labeling density for lysozyme was commensurate with the size of the central dense core. The Paneth cells had the highest labeling density among the cells. When the transformation from intermediate to granule goblet cell occurred, it happened at the same time that the core of secretory granules gradually shrinks, and the labeling density for lysozyme disappears. (4) The labeling density of immunogold for lysozyme in the small intestine varied at different sites. The labeling density in the Paneth and intermediate cells of the ileal crypt was lower than those of the duodeal and jejunal crypts. (5) In the lysozyme-expressing cells in small intestinal crypt of 2- and 24-month old mouse, the ultrastructure and labeling density did not change.
[Functional model of the middle ear ossicles].
Satoda T, Shimoe S, Makihira S … +10 more , Tamamoto M, Matsumoto A, Hara K, Noso M, Niitani Y, Sugiyama M, Takemoto T, Murayama T, Amano H, Nikawa H
Kaibogaku Zasshi · 2009 Jun · PMID 19562938
In students' dissection practice, it is very difficult to teach students the structures and functions of the middle ear ossicles. The middle ear ossicles are too small to explain their structures and functions. Models ar...
In students' dissection practice, it is very difficult to teach students the structures and functions of the middle ear ossicles. The middle ear ossicles are too small to explain their structures and functions. Models are useful in explaining these points, but there have been no models that accurately explain the movements of the middle ear ossicles and the functions of the muscles in the middle ear. This time, we have made a model of middle ear ossicles. Our ear ossicles are made of paper-mache with metal in it. The incudomalleolar and incudostapedial articulations are made of rubber. The tensor tympani and the stapedius muscles are made of wire and the two wires can be fixed by cord stoppers. Our model explains clearly the following mechanisms of the middle ear ossicles. 1. The mechanism of sound conduction system. When the sound vibrates the tympanic membrane, malleus and incus rotate together. The long process of the incus pushes the head of the stapes. The sound is amplified by leverage. 2. Attenuation of sound by contractions of tensor tympani and stapedius muscles. When a loud sound is transmitted through the ossicular system, the tensor tympani muscle pulls the malleus inward while the stapedius muscle pulls the stapes outward. These two forces oppose each other and increase rigidity of the ossicular system, thus reducing the ossicular conduction. 3. The mechanism of how paralysis of stapedius muscle, caused by an injury to the facial nerve, results in hyperacusis. 4. This model also suggests a possible reason why the pars lucida of the tympanic membrane exists.
[Browicz's phagocytic cells and Kupffer's 'so-called stellate cells'].
Wake K
Kaibogaku Zasshi · 2009 Mar · PMID 19413196
Kupffer (1876) attempted to demonstrate nerve fibers in the liver, using the gold chloride method and found the star-shaped perisinusoidal cells by chance. He named these cells 'Sternzellen' (stellate cells). The stellat...
Kupffer (1876) attempted to demonstrate nerve fibers in the liver, using the gold chloride method and found the star-shaped perisinusoidal cells by chance. He named these cells 'Sternzellen' (stellate cells). The stellate cells have been studied enthusiastically within the past thirty years. It has been clarified that these cells are the same cells reported as Ito's 'fat-storing cells', as well as Suzuki's 'interstitial cells', store vitamin A in the lipid droplets, and produce collagen type I, III, and IV and intercellular matrix, playing an important role in fibrogenesis in the liver. Kupffer (1898) changed his earlier opinion, and concluded that the 'so-called stellate cells' were the special endothelial cells of hepatic sinusoids, which incorporate foreign substance. Though Kupffer's revised opinion contained a serious misunderstanding, his new concept was accepted widely for several decades. Browicz (1898) at Kracow in Poland, reported phagocytic cells within the lumen of hepatic sinusoids. However, his report was given but scant attention. In this paper, the author introduces Browicz's report and considers the reason why his report has been disregarded.
[Anatomical names of skeletal tubers and tubercles: analysis and classification of Latin names, and comparison with corresponding English and Japanese names].
Shikano S, Yamashita Y, Sato T
Kaibogaku Zasshi · 2009 Mar · PMID 19413195
For better understanding of the structures comprising the human body and in view of possible need for future revision, Latin anatomical names (Terminologia Anatomica) of the skeletal tubers and tubercles were analyzed an...
For better understanding of the structures comprising the human body and in view of possible need for future revision, Latin anatomical names (Terminologia Anatomica) of the skeletal tubers and tubercles were analyzed and classified, and compared with the corresponding English and Japanese anatomical names. The words following Tuber indicated: (1) the structure to which the tuber belongs; or (2) location of the tuber. The words following Tuberculum indicated: (1) the structure to which the tubercle belongs; (2) location of the tubercle; (3) the structure attached to the tubercle; (4) the structure that exists near the tubercle; (5) the structure that passes near the tubercle; (6) the structure of which the tubercle is a component; (7) the relative size of the tubercle; (8) the relative position of the tubercle; or (9) the non-relative position ofthe tubercle. Analysis of Latin names and comparison with English and Japanese names clarified some characteristics of those names and revealed some problems in them.
[Branching patterns of the celiac artery as the hepato-gastro-splenic trunk].
Higashi N, Shimada H, Simamura E … +1 more , Hatta T
Kaibogaku Zasshi · 2009 Mar · PMID 19413194
Although the celiac artery is a common trunk of the left gastric, splenic, and common hepatic arteries, its branching pattern varies. Indeed, even among anatomy textbooks, there is disagreement on which pattern is standa...
Although the celiac artery is a common trunk of the left gastric, splenic, and common hepatic arteries, its branching pattern varies. Indeed, even among anatomy textbooks, there is disagreement on which pattern is standard. In the present study, we identified the standard pattern of celiac artery branching by examining 186 Japanese cadavers. Celiac arteries with the three main branches were found in 91.4% (170/186) of the cadavers. These 170 cases were then classified into 4 types (Types I-IV). Type I, in which the first branch was the left gastric artery, accounted for 132 cases (71.0%). Thirty-one cases (16.7%) were Type II, in which the three main arteries branched out at the same vertebral level. Type III, in which the common hepatic artery was the first branch, accounted for 4 cases (2.2%). Finally, 3 cases (1.6%) were Type IV, in which the splenic artery was the first branch. These findings suggest that the Type I phenotype is the standard branching pattern of the celiac artery in Japanese. The artery's developmental process was also discussed.
[History of Japanese Committee for Anatomical Nomenclature].
Kimura K
Kaibogaku Zasshi · 2008 Dec · PMID 19108489
This paper records a history of the Japanese Committee of Anatomical Nomenclature since 1990, as a supplement to the previous report (1991), explains a progressing of the edition of Japanese medical terms by the Japanese...
This paper records a history of the Japanese Committee of Anatomical Nomenclature since 1990, as a supplement to the previous report (1991), explains a progressing of the edition of Japanese medical terms by the Japanese Association of Medical Sciences and the Ministry of Education, Sciences and Culture, and points out of some problems on terms in Japanese.
[Establishment of anatomical terminology in Japan].
Shimada K
Kaibogaku Zasshi · 2008 Dec · PMID 19108488
The history of anatomical terminology in Japan began with the publication of Waran Naikei Ihan-teimŏ in 1805 and Chŏtei Kaitai Shinsho in 1826. Although the establishment of Japanese anatomical terminology became necessa...
The history of anatomical terminology in Japan began with the publication of Waran Naikei Ihan-teimŏ in 1805 and Chŏtei Kaitai Shinsho in 1826. Although the establishment of Japanese anatomical terminology became necessary during the Meiji era when many western anatomy books imported into Janan were translated, such terminology was not unified during this period and varied among translators. In 1871, Tsukumo Ono's Kaibŏgaku Gosen was published by the Ministry of Education. Although this book is considered to be the first anatomical glossary terms in Japan, its contents were incomplete. Overseas, the German Anatomical Society established a unified anatomical terminology in 1895 called the Basle Nomina Anatomica (B.N.A.). Based on this development, Kaibŏgaku Meishŭ which follows the BNA, by Buntarŏ Suzuki was published in 1905. With the subsequent establishment in 1935 of Jena Nomina Anatomica (J.N.A.), the unification of anatomical terminology was also accelerated in Japan, leading to the further development of terminology.
[Study of Japanese anatomical terms, such as 'sphenoid bone'].
Sawai T
Kaibogaku Zasshi · 2008 Dec · PMID 19108487
Japanese anatomical terms (butterfly-shaped bone) have an interesting history. Galen named a bone (wedge-like). This Greek term was introduced into Latin anatomical texts by transcribing into 'os sphnoides' or translatin...
Japanese anatomical terms (butterfly-shaped bone) have an interesting history. Galen named a bone (wedge-like). This Greek term was introduced into Latin anatomical texts by transcribing into 'os sphnoides' or translating it as 'os cuneiforme'. Both terms mean equally wedge-like bone. From 16th century on, these two terms prevailed in European anatomical textbooks, but in 18th century some anatomists merged this bone with some kinds of winged creatures and named their wings "Ala major' and 'Ala minor'. In mid-19th century English-Chinese anatomical book, this bone was named (butterfly bone) by a medical missionary Benjamin Hobson. This term was introduced into Japanese textbooks. In Meiji Era both terms were used in Japanese textbooks, and (wedged-like bone). Some anatomists insisted on using because this echoed original Latin term's sense. Eventually, Japanese Associations of Anatomists adopted in 1943.
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