Dennis TPW, Sulieman JE, Nouredayem M
… +49 more, Ashine T, Ebstie Y, Eyasu A, Simma EA, Zemene E, Negash N, Yigeremu A, Assefa M, Elzack H, Dagne A, Lukas B, Bulto MG, Fontaine MC, Talignani L, Enayati A, Nikpoor F, Al-Nazawi AM, Al-Zahrani MH, Khaireh BA, Guelleh S, Abdi AA, Allan R, Omondi S, Abong'o B, Milanoi S, Ochomo E, Ahmed A, Samake JN, Gimnig JE, Rafferty C, Ashraf F, Pignatelli P, Morris M, Nagi SC, Lucas ER, Hernandez-Koutoucheva A, Clarkson CS, Doumbe-Belisse P, Epstein A, Brown R, Wilson AL, Reynolds AM, Sherrard-Smith E, Yewhalaw D, Gadisa E, Malik E, Kafy HT, Donnelly MJ, Weetman D
The invasive urban malaria vector threatens 126 million city-dwellers in Africa. Controling requires greater understanding of its origin, invasion dynamics, and insecticide resistance mechanisms. Analysis of 645 whole...The invasive urban malaria vector threatens 126 million city-dwellers in Africa. Controling requires greater understanding of its origin, invasion dynamics, and insecticide resistance mechanisms. Analysis of 645 whole genomes sampled across Africa, the Middle East, and Asia supports an invasion scenario in which an initial introduction South Asian introduction established a bridgehead population in Djibouti, which seeded distinct invasion fronts in Sudan, Ethiopia-Kenya, and Yemen. These incursions show contrasting rates and routes of spread shaped by landscape topology. Insecticide resistance is predominantly mediated by metabolic detoxification genes, with resistance haplotypes and copy-number amplifications introduced from South Asia. These findings, alongside a companion genomic resource, enable genomic surveillance of spread and resistance to aid control strategies.
Revilla D, Amado PJ, Luque R
… +17 more, Schöfer P, Lanza AF, Binnenfeld A, Caballero JA, Hatzes AP, Henry GW, Jeffers SV, Kaur S, Pallé E, Peña-Moñino L, Pérez-Torres M, Quirrenbach A, Reiners A, Ribas I, Viganò D, Zapatero-Osorio MR, Zucker S
Theory predicts that a planet with a sufficiently strong magnetic field orbiting close to its host star could induce star-planet magnetic interactions. This is potentially observable as an optical or radio stellar activi...Theory predicts that a planet with a sufficiently strong magnetic field orbiting close to its host star could induce star-planet magnetic interactions. This is potentially observable as an optical or radio stellar activity signal synchronised with the planet's orbital period. We analyze 18 years of high-resolution optical spectroscopy of GJ 436, a low mass star orbited by a Neptune-sized exoplanet on a polar eccentric orbit. Stellar activity indicators show enhancements at a period corresponding to the exoplanet orbit, modulated by stellar rotation, and the star's 8-year magnetic cycle. We interpret this as a signal of star-planet magnetic interaction. Using a geometric model, we reproduce these periods if GJ 436 b has a magnetic field strength of 6 to 110 Gauss.
Oceanic transform faults have been considered conservative, shear-dominated boundaries, yet their proximity to magmatic systems implies fluid involvement. Here, we discovered tidally modulated tremor at the Gofar transfo...Oceanic transform faults have been considered conservative, shear-dominated boundaries, yet their proximity to magmatic systems implies fluid involvement. Here, we discovered tidally modulated tremor at the Gofar transform fault along the East Pacific Rise. Tremor amplitude correlates with semidiurnal tides during periods of sparse seismicity and low in-situ compressional to shear wave velocity ratio (Vp/Vs), but this correlation weakens following earthquake swarms accompanied by high Vp/Vs. We propose a valve-like sealing‒drainage dynamic process where sealing traps volatiles and boosts tidal sensitivity, sustaining tremor activity until rupture opens high porosity and permeability pathways, which silences tremors, triggers microseismicity, and resets the system via hydrothermal resealing. Thus, transform faults are likely permeable and tide-critical, with energy release oscillating between tremors and rupture, paced by magmatic volatile supply and healing.
Comparative analysis of seed biomechanics reveals principles that can guide soft robot technology.Comparative analysis of seed biomechanics reveals principles that can guide soft robot technology.
Instability in a high-entropy alloy drives structural changes that strengthen the alloy.Instability in a high-entropy alloy drives structural changes that strengthen the alloy.
The infection of rhesus macaques with a chimeric virus uncovers a recipe for broadly neutralizing antibodies.The infection of rhesus macaques with a chimeric virus uncovers a recipe for broadly neutralizing antibodies.
How maternal nutrition influences neonatal immune development and imprinting through breastfeeding remains largely unclear. We report that maternal supplementation with trans-vaccenic acid (TVA), the predominant naturall...How maternal nutrition influences neonatal immune development and imprinting through breastfeeding remains largely unclear. We report that maternal supplementation with trans-vaccenic acid (TVA), the predominant naturally occurring trans-fatty acid in human breast milk, promoted neonatal T cell development in mice. Neonates fed by mothers on a TVA-enriched diet showed an expanded naïve cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) T cell population and enhanced adaptive immunity against infection. TVA reprogrammed neonatal naïve CD4 T cells through a G protein-coupled receptor-CCCTC-binding factor axis and promoted T helper cells (Th1)-skewing by cooperating with the transcription factor TBX21. Early-life exposure to maternal TVA via breastfeeding supported long-lasting antiviral immunity in adulthood. Our findings establish the multifaceted benefits of maternal nutrition and breastfeeding via TVA in promoting infant immune homeostasis and protective immunity.
Sadoughi B, Petersen RM, Patterson SK
… +40 more, Slikas E, Adjangba C, Ryan N, Costa CE, Newman LE, Watowich MM, Kelsey CR, Greenier A, Goldman EA, Negrón-Del Valle JE, Phillips D, Thompson I, Bauman Surratt SE, González O, Compo N, Burgos A, Cayo Biobank Research Unit‡, DeCasien AR, Chiou KL, Walker CS, Ruiz Lambides AV, Martínez MI, Sterner KN, Melin AD, Brent LJN, Higham JP, Montague MJ, Platt ML, Snyder-Mackler N, Lea AJ, Antón SC, Brent LJN, Higham JP, Martínez MI, Melin AD, Montague MJ, Platt ML, Sallet J, Snyder-Mackler N, Cayo Biobank Research Unit
Age and early life adversity (ELA) are key determinants of health, but whether they affect similar physiological mechanisms across tissues is unknown. We generated DNA methylation (DNAm) profiles across 14 tissues in 237...Age and early life adversity (ELA) are key determinants of health, but whether they affect similar physiological mechanisms across tissues is unknown. We generated DNA methylation (DNAm) profiles across 14 tissues in 237 semi-free-ranging rhesus macaques with naturally occurring ELA. Age-associated DNAm was predominantly tissue dependent, yet tissue-specific epigenetic clocks showed that epigenetic aging was relatively consistent within individuals. ELA effects were adversity dependent, but each ELA exerted coordinated effects across tissues. Although ELA targeted many of the same loci as age, the directions of effects differed, which indicates that ELA does not uniformly increase epigenetic age. Instead, ELA leaves a coordinated, cross-tissue epigenetic signature that is distinct from-yet intertwined with-age-related differences, which advances our understanding of how early environments sculpt the molecular foundations of aging and disease.
Lian Q, Nie J, Singh J
… +11 more, Chen Q, Matta J, Chan W, Balmaceno-Criss M, Vacchio MS, Yu W, Clark AD, Edmondson E, Kelly MC, Germain RN, Bosselut R
Most cancer immunotherapy strategies are focused on direct tumor killing by immune cells, especially T lymphocytes. Clinical and conceptual limitations of these approaches create a need for additional strategies. We iden...Most cancer immunotherapy strategies are focused on direct tumor killing by immune cells, especially T lymphocytes. Clinical and conceptual limitations of these approaches create a need for additional strategies. We identified a tumor stroma-targeting mechanism in which tumor antigen-specific CD4 T cells inhibit tumor growth through myeloid cell and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-dependent vascular damage. Multiplex immunofluorescence and single-cell and tissue transcriptomics showed that CD4 T cells trigger the formation of perivascular myeloid cell clusters containing "classically activated" macrophages that produce TNF in response to T cell-derived interleukin-3. TNF causes intratumoral endothelial damage and blood supply disruption, which are associated with localized tumor cell death. Thus, intratumoral antigen-triggered T cell activation can mediate antitumor effects without direct recognition of living tumor cells, thereby avoiding many of the inhibitory mechanisms that limit anti-tumor immunity.
Nanostructured materials have exceptional properties, yet scalable fabrication of bulk, three-dimensional, nanograined structures remains a formidable challenge. We report the self-assembly of a fully coherent, triphase...Nanostructured materials have exceptional properties, yet scalable fabrication of bulk, three-dimensional, nanograined structures remains a formidable challenge. We report the self-assembly of a fully coherent, triphase nanostructure-resembling a mesocrystal-formed through solid-state phase separation in an equiatomic refractory alloy. The resulting architecture integrates three common metallic crystal structures-face-centered cubic, body-centered cubic, and hexagonal close-packed-interwoven through strain-induced phase separation and unconventional transformation pathways triggered by the separation itself. This nanostructure accommodates large atomic-size mismatches and lattice misfits while maintaining full coherency and thermal stability. The resulting material exhibits a compressive yield strength exceeding 2 gigapascals. These findings provide a method for nanostructure engineering in compositionally complex alloys through strain-induced transformation pathway engineering.
Group offers new scenario for how cells came to rely on phosphate molecules.Group offers new scenario for how cells came to rely on phosphate molecules.
Soviet-era theory touted by Putin's former campaign manager claims oil deposits can form without organic matter.Soviet-era theory touted by Putin's former campaign manager claims oil deposits can form without organic matter.
The Bundibugyo virus only emerged twice before. Now, scientists see a chance to get to know it better.The Bundibugyo virus only emerged twice before. Now, scientists see a chance to get to know it better.
NIH programs and leadership are hit hard; other science agencies are barely mentioned.NIH programs and leadership are hit hard; other science agencies are barely mentioned.
After clearing a spring forecasting hurdle, scientists see growing odds of a powerful climate event that could disrupt weather worldwide.After clearing a spring forecasting hurdle, scientists see growing odds of a powerful climate event that could disrupt weather worldwide.
Vehicle will attempt a daring capture-and-boost mission to extend the life of the Swift observatory.Vehicle will attempt a daring capture-and-boost mission to extend the life of the Swift observatory.
Models repeatedly discovered ways to exploit regulations, and current safeguards largely failed to stop them.Models repeatedly discovered ways to exploit regulations, and current safeguards largely failed to stop them.
The main belt asteroid (52246) Donaldjohanson (DJ) is a likely member of the Erigone asteroid family. This implies that DJ is a fragment of a larger parent body that was destroyed in a collision about 155 million years a...The main belt asteroid (52246) Donaldjohanson (DJ) is a likely member of the Erigone asteroid family. This implies that DJ is a fragment of a larger parent body that was destroyed in a collision about 155 million years ago. We report observations taken during a flyby of DJ by the Lucy spacecraft. We found that DJ is composed of two heavily cratered lobes, connected by a smoother neck, with overall dimensions 8.8 kilometers (km) by 4.4 km by 3.1 km. The crater density is consistent with the Erigone family's age, except for craters <0.4 km, which have been preferentially erased. DJ rotates slowly in a tumbling state, likely owing to spin-down by radiative forces. Surface spectra show iron-bearing phyllosilicates, indicating moderate aqueous evolution on the parent body.