Ultrason Sonochem [JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Corrigendum to "Sonocatalytic degradation of bisphenol A in aqueous solution: A review". [Ultrason. Sonochemistry 125 (2026) 107745].
Shin H, Kim HH, An S … +5 more , Yang N, Park CM, Jang M, Jun BM, Yoon Y
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Mar · PMID 41654462 · Full text
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Ultrasonic-assisted chemical milling: surface roughness characterization and material removal enhancement of Al 6061.
Mohammadi S, Rasti A
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Mar · PMID 41653873 · Full text
Chemical milling (CHM) is widely used for thinning and pocketing components, especially in aerospace applications, but its low material removal rate (MRR) requires high etchant consumption and often leads to poor surface...
Chemical milling (CHM) is widely used for thinning and pocketing components, especially in aerospace applications, but its low material removal rate (MRR) requires high etchant consumption and often leads to poor surface integrity. This study introduces a novel method, direct ultrasonic-assisted chemical milling (UACM), as an efficient and sustainable alternative to CHM. A full-factorial design examined three ultrasonic powers (50, 150, 250 W) across acidic and alkaline etchants at three concentration levels. MRR and roughness parameters (Ra, Rz, Sa) were experimentally quantified and modeled using ANOVA-based regression, while multi-region SEM/EDS elucidated oxide disruption, pit formation, and surface evolution on Al 6061. In 10 % HCl at 250 W, UACM increased MRR by 591 % through cavitation-enhanced agitation and rapid renewal of reactive species, enabling≈85.5 % reduction in acid use. Moreover, at matched MRR, UACM yielded 15-30 % lower Sa than CHM, producing uniform microporosity beneficial for bonding and coating applications. The best acidic condition was 15 % HCl at 250 W, where MRR increased from 0.70 to 1.30 mm/m/s and produced a clean, crack-free, homogeneous surface with optimal integrity. The optimal alkaline condition was 50 % NaOH at 250 W, where MRR increased from 0.08 to 0.23 mm/m/s (≈65.2 % time reduction), and the disruption of hydrogen-bubble shielding generated a uniform and stable morphology. Key experimental challenges included maintaining thermal stability under high acoustic power, controlling bubble adhesion in alkaline media, and achieving a reproducible initial surface. Overall, UACM substantially enhances removal efficiency, improves surface integrity, and reduces chemical consumption, offering a practical pathway toward high-precision and greener manufacturing.
Comparative drying of pomelo peel and optimization using ultrasound-assisted near-infrared drying.
Chen B, Wan Y, Lu Z … +4 more , Li H, Liu S, Jia G, Huang D
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Mar · PMID 41650857 · Full text
Pomelo peel is a major by-product of pomelo processing, yet its high moisture content and complex structure pose challenges for efficient and high-quality drying. In this study, hot air drying (HAD), near-infrared drying...
Pomelo peel is a major by-product of pomelo processing, yet its high moisture content and complex structure pose challenges for efficient and high-quality drying. In this study, hot air drying (HAD), near-infrared drying (NID), and microwave drying (MD) were systematically compared in terms of drying kinetics, effective moisture diffusivity, specific energy consumption (SEC), CO emissions, and key quality attributes of pomelo peel. MD achieved the fastest drying, reducing drying time by 87.5% and SEC by 52.7% compared with HAD, whereas NID exhibited superior color retention with the lowest total color difference (ΔE = 9.54) and browning index (BI = 121.30). HAD at 50°C yielded the highest rehydration ratio (287%). Based on the balanced performance of NID in drying efficiency and product quality, ultrasonic pretreatment was further introduced to intensify the NID process. Ultrasonic pretreatment significantly enhanced moisture migration during NID, reducing drying time by up to 28.6% under the investigated conditions. The optimal ultrasound-assisted NID conditions were identified as 300 W ultrasonic power, 5 min treatment time, and 70°C drying temperature. The Modified Page model provided the best fit for drying kinetics across all methods. These results demonstrate that ultrasonic pretreatment effectively strengthens NID by promoting internal mass transfer while preserving product quality, offering a promising strategy for high-value pomelo peel drying.
Green ultrasonic engineering of hierarchical microphase structures and enhanced properties in chitosan-silk blends across molecular weight ranges.
Poluri N, Hao Q, Hu X
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Mar · PMID 41650856 · Full text
Ultrasound processing offers a sustainable and non-chemical strategy for controlling molecular organization in soft materials. In this work, we show that ultrasonication can reorganize chitosan-silk blends into ordered m...
Ultrasound processing offers a sustainable and non-chemical strategy for controlling molecular organization in soft materials. In this work, we show that ultrasonication can reorganize chitosan-silk blends into ordered microphase architectures similar to classical AB block copolymers without any chemical synthesis providing a novel strategy to control nanoscale morphology and enhance material functionality. Composite films were prepared using Bombyx mori silk fibroin and chitosan spanning low, medium, and high molecular weight ranges, followed by ultrasound treatment under optimized time and power conditions. The resulting materials were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to resolve microphase domains, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to probe molecular interactions, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to assess thermal behaviors, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to analyze crystalline organization. Ultrasound treatment induced nanoscale structural ordering, enhanced intermolecular hydrogen bonding, and increased β-sheet formation in silk proteins, giving rise to distinct spherical, insular, and lamellar microdomains. These ultrasound-mediated structural transformations produced substantial improvements in thermal stability, mechanical performance, hydrophilicity, and morphological uniformity compared with untreated films. This study provides the first direct evidence that ultrasonic energy alone can drive biopolymer blends into ordered microphase patterns traditionally associated with block-copolymer chemistry. These findings position ultrasonication as a simple, green, and scalable platform for designing biomaterials with tunable hierarchical structures and multifunctional properties suitable for advanced biomedical and sustainable applications.
Integrated proteomics and metabolomics revealed the influence of ultrasonic cavitation effects on the physicochemical properties and metabolic components during Lactobacillus gasseri JM1 fermentation in soymilk.
Sun Y, Zhang W, Zhang Y … +1 more , Jiang Y
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Mar · PMID 41643309 · Full text
Lactobacillus-fermented soymilk can improve texture and flavor through microbial metabolism. The application of processing techniques that preserve the nutritional value, quality, and bioactive properties of fermented so...
Lactobacillus-fermented soymilk can improve texture and flavor through microbial metabolism. The application of processing techniques that preserve the nutritional value, quality, and bioactive properties of fermented soymilk without compromising their integrity is of great significance. Ultrasound can promote the decomposition of proteins in soymilk by disrupting their structure, and also has a cell wall-breaking effect on the fermentation strains in soymilk, causing the beneficial components of the bacteria to be released into the soymilk, thereby changing the characteristics and material composition of the fermented soymilk and increasing the content of nutrients and the stability of the soymilk. This study revealed that ultrasonic treatment (150 W, 20 min) significantly improved the texture and stability of Lactobacillus gasseri JM1- fermented soymilk, reduced the viscosity of the fermented soymilk (1918.80 ± 112.33 cP), and increased the water-holding capacity of the soymilk (97.12%). Moreover, ultrasonic treatment (150 W, 20 min) also led to an increase in active aglycone isoflavones such as daidzein (17.32 μg/ml) and genistein (24.48 μg/ml) in the fermented soymilk. Metabolomics and proteomics were used to establish a metabolic network of metabolites, revealing the changes in the main metabolic substances in the fermented soymilk before and after ultrasonic treatment. KEGG analysis exhibited that the carbohydrate metabolism and amino acid metabolism pathways of the metabolites in the ultrasonically treated fermented soymilk were obviously up-regulated. This study provides a theoretical basis for the innovation, flavor extension and quality improvement of fermented soymilk products.
Ultrasound-assisted extraction of flavonoids from Cercis chinensis flowers using deep eutectic solvents: optimization, characterization, kinetics and bioactivity.
Shu P, Wang N, Fan X … +7 more , Zhang Z, Yin H, Meng Y, Guo T, Wei X, Zhang L, Huang J
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Mar · PMID 41643308 · Full text
This study demonstrates an efficient and eco-friendly method for extracting flavonoids from Cercis chinensis flowers using ultrasound-assisted deep eutectic solvent (UAE-DES) extraction. Among 17 DES systems screened, L-...
This study demonstrates an efficient and eco-friendly method for extracting flavonoids from Cercis chinensis flowers using ultrasound-assisted deep eutectic solvent (UAE-DES) extraction. Among 17 DES systems screened, L-Proline-Lactic acid (DES-11) achieved the best extraction yield (56.53 mg/g), significantly surpassing that of conventional 60 % ethanol extraction (13.65 mg/g). Through Response Surface Methodology optimization of key parameters (ultrasonic temperature, time, and water content), a maximum flavonoid yield of 95.84 mg/g was obtained under ideal conditions: 32 % water, 36 °C, and 31 min. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed that DES-11 caused substantial cellular disruption, facilitating flavonoid release. Extraction kinetics followed a pseudo-first-order model, with a calculated apparent activation energy of 20.48 kJ/mol, consistent with a diffusion-controlled mechanism. Additionally, 34 flavonoids were identified for the first time in the DES extract using UPLC-timsTOF-MS. The DES extract exhibited superior antioxidant activity in radical scavenging assays compared to the ethanol extract. Furthermore, DES recovery via macroporous resin yielded an 86.64 % flavonoid recovery rate, and the solvent retained over 84.93 % efficiency after four reuse cycles. These results highlight the UAE-DES method as a sustainable and effective strategy for transforming C. chinensis flowers into high-value natural antioxidants.
Unveiling the potential of beetroot leaf as a sustainable source of proteins: insights into ultrasound-assisted extraction, functional properties and in vitro digestibility.
Raoui EM, Gruber S, Hadidi M … +5 more , Sudjarwo WAA, Einschütz Lopez A, Toca-Herrera JL, Lengauer CL, Pignitter M
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Mar · PMID 41637971 · Full text
Beetroot leaf, typically discarded as agricultural waste, is a promising source of plant-based proteins. With growing interest in sustainable and eco-friendly food production, extracting high-quality protein from such by...
Beetroot leaf, typically discarded as agricultural waste, is a promising source of plant-based proteins. With growing interest in sustainable and eco-friendly food production, extracting high-quality protein from such by-products supports a circular economy. This study optimized ultrasound-assisted alkaline extraction (UAAE) using a Box-Behnken design to maximize protein yield and content from beetroot leaves. The combination of ultrasound and alkaline treatment has been shown to enhance extraction efficiency and protein techno-functionality in comparison with conventional alkaline method (CAE). Optimal UAAE conditions (40 min, pH 11, 27.2 °C) yielded a protein content of 73.4% with a 10% extraction yield. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis confirmed that the secondary structure of beetroot leaf protein (BLP) obtained by UAAE remained intact, while microscopic analysis revealed a more compact globular morphology. Additionally, BLP obtained by UAAE showed better heat resistance and less aggregations, supported by a higher absolute zeta potential value (-31.06 mV, compared to -24.03 mV for BLP obtained by CAE). Both BLP obtained by UAAE and CAE displayed proportional increases in foaming capacity and stability with higher protein concentrations. UAAE led to improved digestibility of the BLP compared to legume protein isolates such as soy and pea protein. These findings highlight UAAE as an efficient method to produce high-quality protein from beetroot leaves, suitable for vegan foods, supplements, and pharmaceuticals.
Simultaneous oil recovery and hydrocarbon degradation in aged oily sludge via jet cavitation.
Yang H, Yu H, Wang D
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Mar · PMID 41637970 · Full text
The efficient treatment of aged oily sludge, a challenging by-product of the petroleum industry, is crucial for resource recovery and environmental protection. Conventional methods often suffer from limited oil recovery...
The efficient treatment of aged oily sludge, a challenging by-product of the petroleum industry, is crucial for resource recovery and environmental protection. Conventional methods often suffer from limited oil recovery efficiency. This study proposes a novel application of jet cavitation technology to disintegrate aged oily sludge, aiming to enhance oil recovery and reduce petroleum hydrocarbon content. The mechanism of disintegration involves both mechanical and chemical effects: the mechanical forces destroy hydrogen bonds to facilitate oil phase desorption, while cavitation-induced chemical bond rupture and free radical oxidation degrade long-chain hydrocarbons into short-chain compounds. The physicochemical properties (oil components, functional groups, petroleum hydrocarbons) of the sludge were comprehensively analyzed before and after treatment using multi-scale characterization techniques, including laser particle sizing, contact angle and Zeta potential measurements, combined with Thin Layer Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detection (TLC-FID), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Under optimized conditions (inlet pressure of 14.9 MPa, jet water temperature of 40°C, sludge concentration of 21.16%, hydraulic retention time of 5.98 s, and sludge temperature of 50°C), a maximum oil recovery rate of 84.95% was achieved. This result is significantly superior to the efficiency obtained via ultrasonic cavitation treatment, demonstrating the notable advantage and potential of the jet cavitation method for the effective treatment of aged oily sludge.
Effects of ultrasound-assisted Maillard reaction on the emulsifying and flavor properties of brewer's spent grain protein-gum arabic conjugates.
Kim M, Ahn H, Wang Y … +3 more , Cho B, Na W, Lee KG
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Mar · PMID 41633079 · Full text
This study explores the effects of ultrasound-assisted heating compared to conventional wet heating on the Maillard reaction (MR) between brewer's spent grain (BSG) protein and gum arabic (GA), focusing on various factor...
This study explores the effects of ultrasound-assisted heating compared to conventional wet heating on the Maillard reaction (MR) between brewer's spent grain (BSG) protein and gum arabic (GA), focusing on various factors like reaction kinetics, structural changes, emulsifying performance, and volatile formation. Ultrasound process markedly accelerated glycation, with a 45 min sonicated sample glycation to a similar degree to that induced by traditional 3 h treatment, such that cavitation facilitates early MR pathways. Both approaches enhanced solubility and remodeled secondary structures, although in different manners: conventional heating promoted a gradual increase in β-sheet content and a decrease in α-helix content, while ultrasound induced rapid unfolding and structural reorganization. All MRPs enhanced the emulsifying properties, but the conventional sample after 3 h obtained the highest emulsifying activity index (EAI) and emulsion stability index (ESI) values. Samples treated with ultrasound showed moderate improvement, however, at considerably reduced reaction times. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and fluorescence microscopy have also confirmed that conventionally heated MRPs form smaller and more uniform droplets. Volatile profiling indicated that conventional heating produced a broader spectrum of aldehydes, ketones, and furans associated with off-flavors, whereas ultrasound greatly reduced compounds such as (E,E)-2,4-decadienal and 2-pentylfuran, indicating a flavor-protective potential. In general, the reaction efficiencies and flavor quality of ultrasound-assisted heating are higher, and emulsifying performance is optimized by the conventional heating technology. This work shows that BSG protein-GA conjugates are versatile enough to achieve clean-label, plant-based emulsifier applications and its desired functional/sensory properties.
Ultrasonic-Assisted green synthesis of nano-anhydrite from calcium hydroxy glycolate in an ethylene glycol-sulfuric acid system.
Ma W, Huang G, Qin R … +9 more , Liu J, Jiang W, Liu Y, Yang F, Zhang K, Ren X, Yan X, Lin Y, Chen X
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Feb · PMID 41605095 · Full text
Within the framework of green chemistry, additive-free and morphology-controllable synthesis of inorganic nanomaterials has become an emerging research frontier. In this study, we developed an efficient liquid-phase synt...
Within the framework of green chemistry, additive-free and morphology-controllable synthesis of inorganic nanomaterials has become an emerging research frontier. In this study, we developed an efficient liquid-phase synthesis route using calcium hydroxy glycolate (CHG) as the calcium source, sulfuric acid as the sulfur source, and ethylene glycol as the solvent. Under ultrasound-assisted conditions, without the use of soluble salts or surfactants, high-purity nano-anhydrite calcium sulfate (CaSO) was successfully synthesized. By systematically varying the precursor concentration and ultrasonic parameters, the resulting products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), which confirmed the formation of spherical, plate-like, and rod-shaped nano-anhydrite. Specifically, by adjusting the Ca concentration, rod-like crystals (length: 300-450 nm, width: 50 nm, aspect ratio: 7), spherical particles (mean diameter: 23.19 nm), and flake-like structures (diameter: 115.40 nm, thickness: 10-30 nm) were obtained at 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 mol·L, respectively. The smallest particle sizes across these morphologies were achieved under optimized ultrasonic conditions of 750 W for 30 min. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that ethylene glycol concentration modulates its selective adsorption on specific crystal planes of anhydrite, thereby differentially inhibiting growth rates along certain directions and enabling morphology-controlled synthesis. The simulated adsorption energies for the (200), (020), (011), and (002) faces were -15.04, -7.96, -2.08, and -0.45 kJ·mol, respectively. These results indicate that preferential adsorption occurs particularly on the (200) and (020) planes. This integrated experimental and simulation study elucidates the coupled mechanism of "precursor concentration - crystal plane adsorption - ultrasonic dynamics," offering theoretical insights and technical support for the environmentally sustainable and controllable synthesis of nano-anhydrite and other sulfate-based nanomaterials.
The use of pulsed ultrasound with reduced power delivery to degrade the polysaccharide curdlan.
Malinowska E, Zmitrowicz M, Łapienis G … +1 more , Turło J
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Feb · PMID 41576811 · Full text
This study investigated the use of continuous ultrasound and low-power pulsed ultrasound on curdlan degradation by analyzing molecular weight changes during sonication. Although pulsed ultrasound only delivered one-sixth...
This study investigated the use of continuous ultrasound and low-power pulsed ultrasound on curdlan degradation by analyzing molecular weight changes during sonication. Although pulsed ultrasound only delivered one-sixth of the power of continuous ultrasound, it led to faster curdlan degradation. The most significant differences occurred within the first 25 min: Pulsed ultrasound accelerated the cleavage of polysaccharide chains, resulting in a degradation rate of approximately 60 % and a substantial reduction in the mass fraction of fragments with a molecular weight exceeding 400 kDa (from ca. 85 % to 3 %). Continuous ultrasound required 65 min to achieve a similar degree of degradation. The decrease in dispersity (from 1.13 to 1.06 within 65 min) indicated the non-random nature of the process, which occurred more rapidly during pulsed ultrasound. The degradation kinetics fit second-order and Ovenall/Harrington/Madras models, favoring pulsed ultrasound, which had a higher rate constant. Analysis of the chain scission mechanism showed a robust correlation between the midpoint scission model and the experimental data (R ∼ 0.96). According to the simulation analysis, larger curdlan particles are preferentially degraded, with pulsed ultrasound providing greater precision in cleavage localization. These findings suggest that employing pulsed ultrasound with a reduced power supply is an energy-efficient strategy to obtain more uniform polysaccharides with a moderately reduced molecular weight.
The role of ultrasound in the nucleation kinetics and Modification of product properties of 3-Nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one.
Hu X, Wu H, Chang P … +4 more , Zhang Y, Xu C, Zhai L, Wang B
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Feb · PMID 41576810 · Full text
3-Nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO), a well-known energetic material, is extensively employed in the field of insensitive munitions. However, its irregular crystal morphology and broad particle-size distribution hinder its...
3-Nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO), a well-known energetic material, is extensively employed in the field of insensitive munitions. However, its irregular crystal morphology and broad particle-size distribution hinder its wider application. Ultrasonic-assisted crystallization offers an innovative approach to enhance the overall particle performance of NTO. In this study, NTO was subjected to ultrasound-assisted cooling crystallization using water as the solvent to control the crystal size and morphology, as well as remove adhered nitric acid and ensure environmentally production. The metastable zone width (MSZW) of NTO in aqueous solution was subsequently measured to understand the nucleation kinetics, revealing a significant reduction under ultrasonic irradiation. Employing Sangwal's three-dimensional nucleation theory, the nucleation kinetic parameters were calculated. The results indicate that ultrasound affects the MSZW through reduction of the solid-liquid interfacial tension, promotion of burst nucleation, and suppression of particle agglomeration. Characterization of the ultrasound-processed NTO demonstrated a more regular morphology, disrupted agglomerates, reduced particle size, and a narrower particle-size distribution without altering the crystal polymorph. Compared with NTO raw material, the material demonstrates enhanced flowability and a 60% reduction in impact sensitivity.
Stabilization and delivery performance of soybean oil body emulsions: the role of chitosan, guar gum, and ι-carrageenan in polysaccharide-based systems.
Huang Y, Wang Z, Lu Y … +4 more , Zhu B, Liu J, Qi B, Sun B
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Feb · PMID 41576809 · Full text
This study constructed various polysaccharide-soybean oil body complex emulsions and investigated their delivery efficacy for β-carotene. Soybean oil body emulsions (USOB) were prepared via high-shear and ultrasound trea...
This study constructed various polysaccharide-soybean oil body complex emulsions and investigated their delivery efficacy for β-carotene. Soybean oil body emulsions (USOB) were prepared via high-shear and ultrasound treatments, with three polysaccharides (chitosan, guar gum, and ι-carrageenan) added to enhance emulsion stability under acidic conditions (pH 3.0 and 5.0). Polysaccharides with different charge characteristics result in distinct particle size and zeta potential for the complex emulsion at pH 3 and pH 5. The incorporation of polysaccharides improved the rheological properties of the emulsion, indicated by increased apparent viscosity, storage modulus, and loss modulus. At pH 3, carrageenan elevated interfacial protein content from 69.29% to 93.48%. At pH 5, chitosan significantly increased interfacial protein content from 81.40% to 92.89% (p < 0.05). Additionally, polysaccharides induce structure changes in interfacial proteins, and surface hydrophobicity decreases. Polysaccharides improve the environmental stability of USOB, but guar gum-oil body complex emulsions are susceptible to the influence of salt ions and temperature. Polysaccharides significantly improved the encapsulation efficiency of β-carotene in emulsions under acidic conditions, particularly at pH 5 (p < 0.05). In vitro digestion indicated that polysaccharides inhibit the digestion of USOB in the gastrointestinal tract by forming interfacial barriers, thereby enhancing the bioavailability of β-carotene (p < 0.05). In summary, the polysaccharide-soybean oil body complex emulsion demonstrates significant potential for delivering lipophilic substances such as β-carotene.
The effect of ultrasonic treatment on the physicochemical and pasting properties of pre-gelatinized Coix seed starch.
Jiang M, Zhang K, Zhu W … +5 more , Wu W, Wang X, Cheng Y, Che C, Liu Y
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Feb · PMID 41570441 · Full text
To investigate the effect of ultrasound on the cooking time of Coix seed, this study compared changes in the pasting properties of Coix seed under different ultrasonic times (0, 10, 20, and 30 min), and clarified the mec...
To investigate the effect of ultrasound on the cooking time of Coix seed, this study compared changes in the pasting properties of Coix seed under different ultrasonic times (0, 10, 20, and 30 min), and clarified the mechanism of ultrasound improving the cooking properties of Coix seed by analyzing the changes in starch structure and physicochemical properties. The results showed that cooking time decreased significantly as the ultrasonic time increased, with a 35% reduction in cooking time after 30 min of ultrasonic treatment compared to untreated Coix seeds. Ultrasound treatment induced the formation of visible pores on Coix seed starch surfaces. The significant increase in granule size was attributed to granule swelling and physical agglomeration caused by structural loosening. Crystallinity decreased from 27.56% to 20.41%, and the short-range order (R) dropped from 2.074 to 1.535. Thermal analysis revealed a reduction in gelatinization enthalpy (ΔH) from 14.82 to 13.47 J/g and a lower energy barrier for gelatinization. Regarding physicochemical properties, ultrasonically treated Coix seed starch exhibited increased solubility and swelling power, while demonstrating decreased peak viscosity and final viscosity. Furthermore, rheological measurements showed that the storage modulus (G') and loss modulus (G″) at 10 Hz decreased by approximately 34%. In conclusion, ultrasonic treatment significantly shortened the cooking time of Coix seeds, demonstrating its potential as an effective strategy for pre-gelatinization processing.
Sonocatalytic degradation of bisphenol A in aqueous solution: A review.
Shin H, Kim HH, An S … +5 more , Yang N, Park CM, Jang M, Jun BM, Yoon Y
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Feb · PMID 41564775 · Full text
Owing to the expansion of the manufacturing industry, bisphenol A (BPA) is being discharged into aquatic environments, posing a global concern. Numerous studies have recognized the adverse effects of BPA exposure on ecos...
Owing to the expansion of the manufacturing industry, bisphenol A (BPA) is being discharged into aquatic environments, posing a global concern. Numerous studies have recognized the adverse effects of BPA exposure on ecosystems and humans. Therefore, advanced remediation technologies are gaining increasing attention. Beyond the achievements of conventional water treatment processes, sonocatalysis provides several benefits, including effectiveness under ambient conditions, promising mineralization efficiency, and compatibility with nanostructured or hybrid catalysts. This review presents progress and developments made over the past ten years in the field of sonocatalysis related to BPA. Focusing mainly on BPA sonodegradation mechanisms, the effects of solution chemistry (e.g., pH, temperature, naturally occurring ions, natural organic matter, and scavengers), ultrasonication parameters (e.g., ultrasonic frequency, power, and operation mode), and the physicochemical properties of BPA (e.g., pK, hydrophobicity, and molecular configuration) were evaluated. Overall, sonocatalysis demonstrated competent BPA degradation, whereas hybrid systems (e.g., O, sono-Fenton, and ultraviolet/visible light irradiation) enhanced radical utilization. Finally, we discuss the current limitations and potential areas for future research, with the aim of guiding subsequent investigations towards practical applications.
Effect of probe-ultrasonication treatments on carbendazim fungicide degradation and toxicity assessment.
Ali M, Ahmad T, Manzoor MF … +2 more , Mohamed Ahmed IA, Zeng XA
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Feb · PMID 41564774 · Full text
Sonochemistry is an innovative and sustainable method among the emerging non-thermal technologies for agrochemical removal, food processing, and preservation. The study aimed to investigate the effects of probe-type ultr...
Sonochemistry is an innovative and sustainable method among the emerging non-thermal technologies for agrochemical removal, food processing, and preservation. The study aimed to investigate the effects of probe-type ultrasound (PU) on the residual degradation mechanisms of carbendazim (CBZ) fungicides, potential reduction pathways, and toxicity assessment. The results showed that CBZ fungicide residues were significantly reduced (p < 0.05) by up to 79.20 % as the PU power level increased. The GC-MS analysis identified six degradation products of CBZ fungicides, including 3-2-Hydroxyphenyl-1,2,4-triazol-5-amine, 2-aminobenzimidazole, hexahydropyridine, 3-methoxy-benzaldehyde oxime,1,4-dimethylpyrazole, and 1-alanine-ethylamide. In addition, the toxicity of CBZ was evaluated against Aspergillus Niger (AN) using colony counts as an indicator of fungal growth, inhibition ratio, and survival rate. The results revealed that the lower power level showed a strong inhibition ratio of up to 73.30 % compared to the highest power level, which was 28.50 %. Increasing the power level significantly increased the AN's survival rate from 25.50 % to 75.60 %. The current study's results suggest that sonication has significant potential to degrade agrochemicals by generating hydroxyl radicals. The current study provides new insights into the sonication-assisted degradation of CZB by describing its degradation mechanism and toxicity assessment. Unlike literature-reported studies, our results proposed a detailed degradation pathway, degradation byproducts, and a toxicity assessment of degradation intermediates, providing both the degradation behavior and the effectiveness of sonication treatment in reducing agrochemical residues.
Ultrasound power modulates Maillard-induced conjugate structure for controlled release of cinnamon essential oil and enhanced preservation of grapes.
Liu Y, Mo Y, Wei J … +3 more , Li H, Li D, Song M
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Feb · PMID 41558261 · Full text
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Unveiling synergy in ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction: Role of treatment sequence and biomass complexity.
Kabawa B, Sampers I, Raes K
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Feb · PMID 41554191 · Full text
Emerging extraction methods, such as enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), are considered safer and more sustainable alternatives to conventional techniques, due to their reduced solv...
Emerging extraction methods, such as enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), are considered safer and more sustainable alternatives to conventional techniques, due to their reduced solvent usage. Nevertheless, their application remains limited due to their low efficiency and sensitivity to environmental conditions. To overcome these drawbacks, ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction (UAEE) has been proposed as an alternative synergistic approach to improve biomass disruption. In this study, the effect of ultrasound on the susceptibility of pectic substrates to enzymatic degradation was evaluated using both purified pectin and pectin-rich complex matrices (grapefruit peels and apple pomace). The extent of enzymatic degradation was assessed by monitoring the release of reducing sugars, while microscopic evaluation of the cell microstructure, the total phenolic release (TPC) and metal element release were quantified to support the findings. Results indicate that ultrasonic pre- and post-treatments had no significant impact on pectin hydrolysis. In contrast, when ultrasound was applied during the enzymatic reaction, the extent of hydrolysis increased, but only in the case of the complex matrices, indicating a synergistic effect. The increased release of calcium and potassium ions suggested that ultrasound induced an enzymatic cofactor release from biomass, contributing to improved enzyme activity. Similar degradation of the cell microstructure was observed in the case of ultrasonic post treatment, although without improved hydrolysis of cell-wall pectin. This implies that prior enzymatic action weakened the matrix, making it more fragile. This is the first study to investigate the impact of plant matrix structure on the synergistic effect of the ultrasound-enzyme combination.
A sonochemical strategy integrating enzymatic conversion and purification for efficient production of secondary flavonoid glycosides from Epimedium.
Ye L, Pan Y, Wang W … +4 more , Li S, Yang B, Jia X, Feng L
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Feb · PMID 41554190 · Full text
This study aimed to developed an integrated ultrasound-assisted approach that incorporates ultrasound into both the enzymatic biotransformation and resin-based purification steps for the efficient preparation of secondar...
This study aimed to developed an integrated ultrasound-assisted approach that incorporates ultrasound into both the enzymatic biotransformation and resin-based purification steps for the efficient preparation of secondary flavonoid glycosides (SFGs) from Epimedium. Ultrasound pretreatment was first applied to cellulase to enhance the deglycosylation of parent flavonoid glycosides (PFGs), followed by ultrasound-assisted purification using ADS-17 resin, while kinetic modeling, adsorption-desorption profiling, and morphological examinations were conducted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of ultrasonic intensification. Kinetic analysis showed that ultrasonic pretreatment (50 W) significantly accelerated the enzymatic reaction, increasing the first-order rate constant (k from 0.0129 to 0.0287 min) and reducing the time to 99 % conversion (t) from 356 to 161 min. During purification, pseudo-second-order kinetic modeling confirmed that ultrasound (150 W) enhanced adsorption by increasing the rate constant and raising the equilibrium capacity from 77.58 to 99.06 mg/g, while pseudo-first-order modeling described the accelerated desorption process, in which t was shortened by ∼ 40 %. The purified SFGs achieved > 80 % purity as verified by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. In ovariectomized rats, ultrasound-prepared SFGs markedly improved trabecular microarchitecture, biochemical markers, and OPG/RANKL/RANK signaling, exhibiting superior anti-osteoporotic efficacy compared with crude PFGs. Overall, this work develops a dual-stage ultrasound-intensified strategy that integrates biotransformation with resin purification, providing a green, efficient, and scalable approach for producing high-value natural flavonoids.
Cavitation erosion characteristics and mechanisms of hydraulic turbine substrates and their coatings.
Wu P, Sun S, Guo P … +3 more , Nan H, Wang T, Zheng X
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Feb · PMID 41539271 · Full text
This study systematically investigated the cavitation erosion resistance and failure mechanisms of 06Cr13Ni5Mo(S135) stainless steel and four coatings (HVOF-WC10Co4Cr, HVOF-CrC37WC18, HVAF-WC10Co4Cr, Laser-Clad(LC)) usin...
This study systematically investigated the cavitation erosion resistance and failure mechanisms of 06Cr13Ni5Mo(S135) stainless steel and four coatings (HVOF-WC10Co4Cr, HVOF-CrC37WC18, HVAF-WC10Co4Cr, Laser-Clad(LC)) using ultrasonic cavitation testing. The cavitation weight losses of the HVOF-WC10Co4Cr, HVAF-WC10Co4Cr, HVOF-CrC37WC18, and LC coatings were 1.58, 0.88, 0.91, and 0.34 times that of the S135 stainless-steel substrate, respectively. Their surface roughness values were 5.43, 3.48, 2.30, and 0.56 times that of the substrate. Among the four coatings, the LC coating showed the lowest weight loss and the smallest roughness increase. The HVOF-WC10Co4Cr coating exhibited the poorest cavitation erosion resistance despite having the highest microhardness, which indicated that high hardness alone did not ensure superior performance. For the thermal spray coatings, pre-existing pores served as the primary initiation sites for damage. Fatigue cracks nucleated at these pores and propagated along inter-splat boundaries, leading to spallation. The HVAF-WC10Co4Cr coating, with 29% lower porosity than its HVOF counterpart, demonstrated significantly enhanced resistance. The LC coating had a unique lamellar stacking structure that effectively confined damage to the surface. However, the through-thickness cracks caused by process defects accelerated local delamination and resulted in funnel-shaped pits. These findings provide critical insights into the design and selection of cavitation-resistant coatings for hydraulic turbines.
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