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200 papers
Credible messengers and messages in firearm harm prevention: A systematic review.
Walsh CS, Collins CJ, Bond AE … +2 more , Gastineau KAB, O'Connor KE
Prev Med · 2026 Aug · PMID 42140563 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: This review systematically evaluated existing literature to summarize populations, methodologies, and prevention targets regarding credible messengers and messages in firearm-harm prevention. METHOD: Inclusion...
OBJECTIVE: This review systematically evaluated existing literature to summarize populations, methodologies, and prevention targets regarding credible messengers and messages in firearm-harm prevention. METHOD: Inclusion criteria encompassed peer-reviewed articles, dissertations, and technical reports published from the topic's inception to data extraction. Included studies investigated credible messengers or messages in firearm harm prevention. Searches were conducted for articles from database inception to August 2025 in ProQuest, Web of Science, and PubMed, yielding 1834 articles that underwent screening by independent reviewers. RESULTS: 27 studies met inclusion criteria summarized as six domains: messaging content and framing strategies; credibility of messengers; audience characteristics and moderators; intervention development and feasibility; parental knowledge and behaviors; and theoretical frameworks. Identity-congruent messengers, including veterans, firearm owners, and community-trusted figures, increased trust and engagement. Messages emphasizing child safety, collaboration, and value alignment improved intentions for secure storage. Brief, context-specific interventions were feasible across clinical and community settings; few studies assessed behavioral outcomes or long-term effects. CONCLUSIONS: This review informs strategic communications in firearm harm prevention by elucidating messaging frameworks and credible messengers, guiding policy decisions and promoting equitable outreach strategies across sectors. Recommendations will strengthen prevention efforts and address equity in communities impacted by firearm harms.
Trends in breastfeeding indicators across Indian states and Union Territories (1993-2021): Estimating progress towards the 2030 Global Nutrition Target.
Rai RK, De Neve JW, Bromage S … +2 more , Kim R, Subramanian SV
Prev Med · 2026 Aug · PMID 42134478 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: Using five waves of National Family Health Survey data (1993-2021), we analyzed trends in six breastfeeding indicators across 36 Indian states and Union Territories (UTs): ever breastfed (EvBF), early initiati...
OBJECTIVE: Using five waves of National Family Health Survey data (1993-2021), we analyzed trends in six breastfeeding indicators across 36 Indian states and Union Territories (UTs): ever breastfed (EvBF), early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF), exclusive breastfeeding for the first two days, exclusive breastfeeding for six months (EBF), mixed milk feeding (MixMF), and continued breastfeeding (CBF). METHODS: We calculated prevalence and Standardized Annualized Change for each indicator. Additionally, we estimated the Required Annualized Change (RAC) to attain the 60% EBF Global Nutrition Target (GNT). RESULTS: Between 1993 and 2021, the prevalence of EvBF and CBF remained consistently high (>95% and > 75%, respectively); meanwhile, EIBF increased from 9.6% to 41.2%, and EBF rose from 43.5% to 63.9%. MixMF increased by nine percentage points, reflecting a deteriorating trend. Positive annualized changes were observed for EIBF (1.05 percentage points) and EBF (0.68 percentage points). RAC estimates revealed that 23 states/UTs have already 'achieved' the 2030 EBF target and are expected to sustain it, while five others remain 'on-target'. Six states/UTs are projected to remain 'off-target'. CONCLUSIONS: Heterogeneity in progress across breastfeeding indicators among states/UTs warrants localized interventions. Prioritizing EIBF and reducing MixMF could accelerate EBF gains in 'off-target' states/UTs to meet 2030 targets.
Contingency management in the treatment of substance use disorders: A historical narrative.
Stitzer M
Prev Med · 2026 May · PMID 42070666 · Publisher ↗
This narrative provides an overview of contingency management (CM) in the treatment of substance use disorders (SUDs) from inception to present day. Highlights and examples are selected by a founder in the field and foll...
This narrative provides an overview of contingency management (CM) in the treatment of substance use disorders (SUDs) from inception to present day. Highlights and examples are selected by a founder in the field and follow her research lineage. Positive reinforcement interventions that could counter the powerful reinforcing effects of abused drugs and promote abstinence were introduced in demonstration studies during the 1960's and 70's at Johns Hopkins. Subsequent innovators developed formal treatment interventions using monetary-based vouchers (Higgins) and prize draws (Petry) as rewards for objective evidence of recent drug abstinence. CM research subsequently flourished using these delivery models, demonstrating efficacy and generality across populations. Recently, with advent of remote drug/alcohol testing, CM treatments have been adapted for digital delivery via phone apps. This development along with advocacy for use of evidence-based treatments, may further boost clinical adoption. It is notable that a treatment model, grounded in behavioral psychology concepts and incorporating the most rigorous behavioral principles, has proven to be sufficiently efficacious to support a robust research and policy enterprise for over 50 years.
Walkable neighborhoods are associated with lower psychological distress through device-measured physical activity: Evidence from the All of Us Research Program, United States.
Lee J, Yan Y, Chen C … +1 more , Kim ES
Prev Med · 2026 Jul · PMID 42061729 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: Neighborhood walkability may influence mental health through physical activity, but the behavioral pathway and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We examined whether walkability affects psychological distre...
OBJECTIVE: Neighborhood walkability may influence mental health through physical activity, but the behavioral pathway and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We examined whether walkability affects psychological distress through physical activity, and whether benefits operate via metabolic improvements or direct pathways independent of body mass index (BMI). METHODS: We analyzed data from 5858 United States All of Us Research Program participants (mean age 58.5 ± 15.6 years, 69% female, data collected 2018-2023) with device-measured physical activity and validated psychological distress assessments. Structural equation modeling (SEM) tested pathways from perceived neighborhood walkability to psychological distress through moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and BMI, controlling for age and neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage. RESULTS: Walkability significantly predicted greater MVPA (β = 0.11, p < .001), which predicted lower psychological distress (β = -0.11, p < .001). This effect was intensity-specific: only MVPA demonstrated associations with both walkability and all distress indicators. Pathway decomposition showed 85% of MVPA's protective effect operated through direct pathways rather than BMI reduction (15%). CONCLUSIONS: Neighborhood walkability is associated with lower psychological distress primarily through MVPA-mediated pathways that operate independently of BMI changes. These findings support walkable infrastructure investments as upstream, population-level mental health interventions aligned with health-at-every-size frameworks, with infrastructure designed to facilitate MVPA.
Expectations and realities in primary care appointment access in the United States: A national study.
Walker B, Tsai E, Shimanovsky A … +3 more , Doherty E, Tinkler S, Sharma R
Prev Med · 2026 Jul · PMID 42055196 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: While patients expect timely appointments, little is known about how accurately patient expectations reflect the realities of access to a primary care physician. METHODS: We deployed a national survey (N = 611...
OBJECTIVE: While patients expect timely appointments, little is known about how accurately patient expectations reflect the realities of access to a primary care physician. METHODS: We deployed a national survey (N = 6119, conducted in 2021) to measure patient expectations and a separate national field experiment (N = 11,016, conducted between 2013 and 2016) where trained research assistants called physician offices seeking an appointment to measure physician availability. RESULTS: Using multivariate regression analyses, we find that patients expected to call 1.9 physicians to secure an appointment, consistent with an appointment offer rate of 49%. However, expectations of 5.4 days wait to an appointment were below the 28.5 wait days offered. Male respondents expected to wait 1.9 days longer and were offered appointments 2.0 days later. However, despite not expecting fewer appointments, Black and Hispanic patients were 2 percentage points and 3 percentage points less likely to be offered appointments, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Respondents on average were able to accurately characterize overall primary care appointment access, but were unable to accurately describe how long one has to wait until being seen by a physician. Discrepancies between expectations and access in primary care may lead to low patient satisfaction, overuse of emergency rooms, or abandoned attempts to obtain care.
The epidemiology of physical activity guideline adherence among 35,633 adults: Findings from the South Australian Population Health Survey.
Bennie JA, Venugopal K, Burnell S … +5 more , Krumeich B, Taylor E, Maher C, Sincovich A, Nolan R
Prev Med · 2026 Jul · PMID 42055195 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: Since 2010, global physical activity guidelines have recommended that adults engage in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and muscle-strengthening exercise (MSE). However, health surveillance rarely...
OBJECTIVE: Since 2010, global physical activity guidelines have recommended that adults engage in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and muscle-strengthening exercise (MSE). However, health surveillance rarely assesses both. This study describes the prevalence and correlates of adherence to the joint MVPA-MSE guideline in a large sample of Australian adults. METHOD: Data were drawn from pooling seven waves of the South Australian Population Health Survey (2018 to 2024). Weighted proportions meeting both guidelines (MVPA ≥150 min/week/MSE ≥2 times/week) were calculated. Poisson regression estimated prevalence ratios for meeting both guidelines across sociodemographic/lifestyle factors and for nine chronic conditions by guideline adherence (met neither; MVPA only; MSE only; met both), adjusted for confounders (e.g., age, smoking, body mass index). RESULTS: Among 35,633 adults (18-64 years), 25.1% (95% CI: 24.7, 25.6%) met both MVPA-MSE guidelines. In a multivariate analysis, older adults, women, people from socioeconomically disadvantaged areas, and those living with obesity had lower prevalence ratios for meeting both guidelines. Meeting both guidelines was associated with the lowest prevalence ratios for anxiety, cardiovascular disease, depression, diabetes, high cholesterol and hypertension. CONCLUSION: Low prevalence of meeting guidelines and associations with chronic conditions highlight the need for strategies that promote physical activity by addressing both inequalities in access and wider social, environmental, and structural determinants.
Longitudinal investigation of the association between alcohol use and subsequent e-cigarette use among young adults in the United States.
Perks SN, Clark MA, Colby SM … +1 more , Merrill JE
Prev Med · 2026 Jul · PMID 42049127 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: Few studies have considered whether alcohol use is associated with subsequent e-cigarette initiation and/or use. This study examined prospective associations between three past 30-day measures of alcohol use (...
OBJECTIVE: Few studies have considered whether alcohol use is associated with subsequent e-cigarette initiation and/or use. This study examined prospective associations between three past 30-day measures of alcohol use (any use, frequency, quantity) and two e-cigarette-related outcomes (initiation, current use). METHODS: The sample included 3453 tobacco-naïve young adults aged 18-24 who completed Waves 6-7 (data collected 2021-2023 in the United States) of the nationally representative Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study. Multivariable logistic regression models examined associations between Wave 6 alcohol use and Wave 7 e-cigarette use, controlling for sociodemographic covariates. RESULTS: A total of 229 participants (5.9%) reported e-cigarette initiation at Wave 7, of which 148 (66.0%) reported current use. Wave 6 past 30-day alcohol use (versus none) and quantity, but not frequency, were significantly associated with Wave 7 e-cigarette initiation. None of the alcohol-related variables were significantly associated with current e-cigarette use at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Young adults who reported past 30-day alcohol use and those who typically consumed more drinks per occasion were more likely to initiate e-cigarette use. E-cigarette-related prevention efforts should include targeted messaging for young adults who drink, and alcohol-related interventions should highlight e-cigarette uptake as a potential consequence of alcohol consumption.
Eviction risk and mental health outcomes among the US adults during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.
Tamta M, Byrne T
Prev Med · 2026 Jul · PMID 42036034 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To assess whether the relationship between risk of eviction and anxiety and depression symptoms among U.S. adults differed during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with the period following the end of the federal...
OBJECTIVE: To assess whether the relationship between risk of eviction and anxiety and depression symptoms among U.S. adults differed during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with the period following the end of the federal public health emergency for COVID-19. METHODS: We used nationally representative repeated cross-sectional data (N = 81,915) from the U.S. Census Bureau's Household Pulse Survey, from August 19, 2020, to August 19, 2024. Logistic regression models were used to examine the relationship between perceived risk of eviction and symptoms of anxiety and depression after adjusting for an array of sociodemographic characteristics. We tested whether these associations differed between the COVID-19 pandemic period and the post-pandemic period. RESULTS: Eviction risk was associated with more than a two-fold increase in the odds of depression and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the strength of this association was lower in the post-pandemic period, where the odds of depression and anxiety among those at-risk of eviction relative to those not at risk of eviction were roughly 22% lower compared to the COVID phase. CONCLUSION: Findings highlight the persistent mental health burden associated with risk of eviction and support the need for eviction-prevention and integrated behavioral health strategies targeting households experiencing eviction risk.
School food interventions and nutrition-related outcomes in Europe: A scoping review.
Vidal I, Franco M, Dominguez-Salas P … +2 more , Cohen N, Díez J
Prev Med · 2026 Jul · PMID 42031164 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To map, synthesize and assess evidence on European school food interventions and effectiveness on nutrition-related outcomes in children and adolescents aged ≤19 years. METHODS: This scoping review followed PR...
OBJECTIVE: To map, synthesize and assess evidence on European school food interventions and effectiveness on nutrition-related outcomes in children and adolescents aged ≤19 years. METHODS: This scoping review followed PRISMA-ScR guidelines. We searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Education Resources Information Center for studies published between January 2020 and February 2026, following a published protocol. Two researchers independently screened titles, abstracts, and full texts. One researcher extracted the data using a standardized tool. RESULTS: The search identified 900 articles, of which 65 met the inclusion criteria. Most interventions (n = 52) were implemented in primary or secondary schools. Educational interventions (n = 43) were associated with positive dietary behaviors, such as higher fruit and vegetable intake, as well as favorable weight-related outcomes. Food provision (n = 10), including free school meals, was associated with healthier dietary intake and lower food insecurity. Multicomponent approaches (n = 12) were associated with sustained improvements in dietary intake and favorable anthropometric outcomes. Equity-focused interventions (n = 33) were associated with improvements in food security, dietary intake, and body mass index in the targeted populations. CONCLUSIONS: School food interventions in Europe are associated with positive shifts in dietary behaviors and weight-related outcomes. Future research should strengthen equity integration, expand early childhood approaches, and promote long-term policy support to enhance impact and sustainability.
Corrigendum to "Child access prevention laws and firearm storage in the US: Associations by law stringency and social vulnerability" Preventive Medicine Volume 204 (2026), 108516.
Oliphant SN, Esposti MD, Hastings KG … +4 more , Hartman HA, Ehrlich PF, Carter PM, Sokol RL
Prev Med · 2026 Jul · PMID 42020253 · Publisher ↗
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Sociodemographic and alcohol-related correlates of perceived helpfulness of alcohol cancer warning labels and anticipated reductions in alcohol consumption among U.S. adults.
Bleasdale J, Ray MA, Westmoreland DA
Prev Med · 2026 Jul · PMID 42009142 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: To examine sociodemographic and alcohol-related characteristics associated with perceived helpfulness of alcohol cancer warning labels and anticipated reductions in alcohol consumption. METHODS: From April-Ma...
OBJECTIVES: To examine sociodemographic and alcohol-related characteristics associated with perceived helpfulness of alcohol cancer warning labels and anticipated reductions in alcohol consumption. METHODS: From April-May 2025, U.S. adults aged ≥21 years (N = 1141) completed a survey about alcohol cancer warning labels, alcohol use, and sociodemographic characteristics. Multivariable logistic regression examined associations between sociodemographic and alcohol-related characteristics and both perceived helpfulness and anticipated reductions in alcohol consumption. RESULTS: Overall, 82.1% perceived alcohol cancer warning labels as helpful and 39.4% anticipated reducing alcohol use. Several sociodemographic and alcohol-related characteristics were associated with perceived helpfulness of alcohol cancer warning labels and anticipated reductions in consumption. Notably, higher odds of perceiving labels as helpful were observed among Non-Hispanic Black (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] =2.63, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.40, 4.93) and Hispanic/Latino/a (AOR = 2.59, 95% CI: 1.30, 5.15) participants and cisgender women (AOR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.04, 2.05). Prior alcohol quit attempts were associated with anticipated reductions in drinking (AOR = 1.91, 95% CI: 1.44, 2.53). CONCLUSION: Alcohol cancer warning labels were widely perceived as helpful and many participants anticipated reducing their alcohol consumption. Associations with sociodemographic and alcohol-related characteristics suggest perceptions vary across population groups. Cancer warning labels may represent a promising population-level strategy for reducing alcohol use.
The association between neighborhood socioeconomic status and lung cancer incidence and mortality risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies from North America, Europe, and Asia.
Jalili F, Mehrabani S, Yousefi Tanha P … +3 more , Ghoreishy SM, Simms J, Hajizadeh M
Prev Med · 2026 Jul · PMID 42002084 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to synthesize evidence on the association between neighborhood socioeconomic status (n-SES) and lung cancer incidence and mortality risk. METHODS: A systematic search of Web of Science (1900-)...
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to synthesize evidence on the association between neighborhood socioeconomic status (n-SES) and lung cancer incidence and mortality risk. METHODS: A systematic search of Web of Science (1900-), PubMed/MEDLINE (1948-), Scopus (1960-), Embase (1947-), and Cochrane (1993-) was conducted through March 18, 2026, without restrictions. Pooled relative effect estimates were calculated using random-effects models. Study quality was assessed via Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, and publication bias using Egger's regression asymmetry test and trim-and-fill. RESULTS: Included studies were conducted in North America, Europe, and Asia and involved 5,904,415 participants. Lower n-SES was associated with higher lung cancer incidence (pooled relative effect estimate = 1.33; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05, 1.68; I = 98.4%; p = 0.01; n = 8; low certainty) and mortality (pooled relative effect estimate = 1.17; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.30; I = 99.4%; p < 0.01; n = 10; moderate certainty). Stronger incidence associations were observed among individuals <65 years and in European populations, whereas studies from the USA reported higher mortality risks than Asian or European cohorts. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows low n-SES is associated with higher lung cancer incidence and mortality. Policymakers may consider n-SES in cancer risk assessments and prioritize targeted interventions in disadvantaged neighborhoods, including enhanced screening, smoking cessation support, and community-based health promotion.
A recommendation to include support for perinatal smoking-cessation treatment in the SAMHSA advisory on contingency management.
Higgins ST
Prev Med · 2026 Apr · PMID 41999779 · Full text
This Commentary offers a brief, evidence-based recommendation that perinatal smoking cessation be included among the list of substance use disorders that the U.S. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration...
This Commentary offers a brief, evidence-based recommendation that perinatal smoking cessation be included among the list of substance use disorders that the U.S. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) has approved for use of federal funds to support Contingency Management (CM) treatment. Perinatal smoking is a serious U.S. public health problem that adversely impacts the health of mothers and exposed infants, and for which more effective and accessible treatments are sorely needed. CM treatment wherein patients receive material incentives contingent on abstaining from drug use or meeting other treatment goals is a highly effective treatment for a broad range of substance use disorders including smoking cessation. Evidence from randomized clinical trials and meta-analyses investigating CM's efficacy for perinatal smoking cessation are briefly summarized. The evidence provides robust empirical support for CM's efficacy for improving perinatal smoking-cessation rates. With SAMHSA's support and broad implementation, CM has the potential to meet the need for more effective and accessible perinatal smoking-cessation treatment in the U.S.
Generational changes in cardiometabolic disease incidence by risk factor strata in the UK Biobank.
Hu D, van Heemst D, Jukema JW … +3 more , le Cessie S, Willems van Dijk K, Noordam R
Prev Med · 2026 Jul · PMID 41980657 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: We assessed generational changes in the incidence of coronary artery disease (CAD), acute myocardial infarction (AMI), ischemic stroke, peripheral artery disease (PAD), and type 2 diabetes (T2D) by risk factor...
OBJECTIVE: We assessed generational changes in the incidence of coronary artery disease (CAD), acute myocardial infarction (AMI), ischemic stroke, peripheral artery disease (PAD), and type 2 diabetes (T2D) by risk factor strata. METHODS: For each disease, we included baseline (2006-2010) disease-free UK Biobank participants and prospectively calculated age-specific incidence rates across seven consecutive five-year birth-cohorts (1936-1940 to 1966-1970). We applied Age-Period-Cohort models to examine age-independent birth-cohort effects in strata by sex, genetic risks, socioeconomic status, smoking history, and body mass index. RESULTS: CAD, AMI, PAD, and T2D incidence declined in more recent generations among both men and women, while stroke incidence remained stable. Compared to the 1936-1940 cohort, the incidence (95%CI) in the 1950-1955 cohort was 34.0% (22.4%, 45.7%) lower for CAD and 53.5% (31.2%, 75.8%) lower for PAD in the 65-69 age group. Age-Period-Cohort models suggested birth-cohort effects in observed declines. Birth-cohort effects on CAD and PAD were most evident among individuals with normal-weight, higher socioeconomic status, and ever-smoked, while T2D declines were strongest in individuals with overweight/obesity. CONCLUSIONS: CAD, AMI, PAD, and T2D incidences have decreased in more recent generations. However, the stable ischemic stroke incidence and diverse subgroup trends indicate disease-specific differences in preventive gains.
Territorial inequalities in cancer mortality in Chile, 2002-2022: a rurality-continuum analysis using spatiotemporal Bayesian models.
Flores-Angulo C, Marshall G, Ferreccio C … +4 more , Cerda J, Icaza G, Gómez-Barroso D, Ramis R
Prev Med · 2026 Jul · PMID 41967511 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To examine how cancer mortality in Chile varied across a continuous rurality gradient and to identify territorial differences in mortality risk and temporal trends. METHODS: We analyzed cancer deaths in 343 co...
OBJECTIVE: To examine how cancer mortality in Chile varied across a continuous rurality gradient and to identify territorial differences in mortality risk and temporal trends. METHODS: We analyzed cancer deaths in 343 continental municipalities between 2002 and 2022. A continuous Index of Relative Rurality was constructed using indicators of population concentration and spatial accessibility. Municipal mortality was modeled using Bayesian spatiotemporal models adjusted for age and sex. Exploratory analyses of the rurality gradient identified a threshold with a change in mortality-risk patterns, which was used to compare trajectories. RESULTS: A clear inflection in the mortality-rurality relationship emerged around an index value of 0.30, separating two territorial mortality profiles. Mortality declined nationally but reductions were slower in more rural municipalities. Cancers historically linked to structural disadvantage-such as stomach, gallbladder, and cervical cancer-showed higher mortality risks in more rural areas. In contrast, breast, lung, and colorectal cancers showed higher risks in less rural municipalities. Several cancers, including colorectal, lung, kidney, and bladder, also displayed less favorable temporal trends in more rural territories. CONCLUSIONS: Distinct trajectories along the rural-urban continuum reveal territorial inequalities that may remain hidden in national averages. These findings support targeting prevention efforts to higher-risk territories.
Adolescent inhalant misuse in the United States: Findings from the 2021-2023 national survey on drug use and health.
Yockey RA, Apu MAI, Amis A … +2 more , Devier E, Hoopsick RA
Prev Med · 2026 Jul · PMID 41946419 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: Inhalant misuse poses serious risks to adolescents, but national estimates remain limited. This study estimated the prevalence of inhalant use and inhalant use disorder and identified associated risk factors....
OBJECTIVE: Inhalant misuse poses serious risks to adolescents, but national estimates remain limited. This study estimated the prevalence of inhalant use and inhalant use disorder and identified associated risk factors. METHODS: Data were drawn from 33,771 adolescents aged 12 to 17 years in the 2021 to 2023 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, a nationally representative survey conducted in the United States. Weighted logistic regressions examined associations between inhalant use, inhalant use disorder, and sociodemographic and behavioral factors. RESULTS: Past-year inhalant use was 2.2%, past-month use was 0.7%, and 0.3% met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition criteria for inhalant use disorder. Younger adolescents had the highest odds of use. Females had higher odds of inhalant use disorder despite similar use prevalence. Black adolescents had lower odds of past-year use, while American Indian or Alaska Native adolescents had higher odds of disorder and Asian adolescents had lower odds. Tobacco use and externalizing behaviors were strongly associated with both outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Inhalant use is uncommon but clinically significant among adolescents. Prevention efforts should target early adolescence and co-occurring risk behaviors.
Demographic subgroups of adult lifetime users of oral nicotine pouches in the United States.
Timberlake DS, Garland HR
Prev Med · 2026 Jun · PMID 41905665 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: Demographic characteristics of lifetime oral nicotine pouch (ONP) users have been reported but not investigated using latent variable methods. This study aimed to unveil demographic heterogeneity by identifyin...
OBJECTIVE: Demographic characteristics of lifetime oral nicotine pouch (ONP) users have been reported but not investigated using latent variable methods. This study aimed to unveil demographic heterogeneity by identifying hidden subpopulations of lifetime ONP users. METHODS: Adult participants of the 2022-2023 Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey (TUS-CPS) who had ever used an ONP were selected for analysis (n = 3537). Latent classes were modeled from six demographic latent class indicators and class-specific probabilities were subsequently estimated for tobacco use outcomes. RESULTS: A four-class model was chosen over other k-class models based on model fit indices, class distinctiveness, and other metrics. Two latent classes comprised ∼70% of lifetime ONP users and consisted of working-class males (LC3, 36.8%) and male, educated professionals (LC4, 33.0%). The latent class analysis revealed a subgroup of retirees (LC2, 17.8%) but not a subgroup of young adults. Non-college degree females (LC1, 12.4%) had the highest probability of smoking cigarettes (0.58) and working-class males (LC3) had the highest probability of using multiple tobacco products (0.31). CONCLUSION: The four subgroups identified in this study reflect the demographic heterogeneity of lifetime ONP users and highlight the importance of tracking marketing that could appeal to such subgroups.
Trends in temperature-related deaths by educational attainment in the United States, 2010-2023.
Szeto JJ, Khatana SAM
Prev Med · 2026 Jun · PMID 41903576 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: Heat and cold-related deaths are rising in the United States. Educational attainment provides a means for evaluating socioeconomic disparities. METHODS: Using United States national mortality data (2010-2023),...
OBJECTIVE: Heat and cold-related deaths are rising in the United States. Educational attainment provides a means for evaluating socioeconomic disparities. METHODS: Using United States national mortality data (2010-2023), we identified all heat and cold-related deaths, among adults ≥25 years old. Educational attainment was categorized as high school or less, at least some college, or more than college. Population information was obtained from the American Community Survey and age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMR) per 100,000 adults were calculated. RESULTS: Heat and cold-related mortality rates were greatest among the least educated group and increased the fastest throughout the study period. Among those with a high school education or less, heat AAMR increased from 0.5 (95% CI 0.5, 0.6) to 1.8 (95% CI 1.7, 1.9) and cold AAMR from 1.0 (95% CI 1.0, 1.1) to 1.8 (95% CI 1.7, 1.9). Among the highest educated group, heat AAMR increased from 0.1 (95% CI 0.1, 0.2) to 0.2 (95% CI 0.2, 0.3) while cold AAMR was 0.4 (95% CI 0.3, 0.5) in 2010 and 0.3 (0.3, 0.4) in 2023. Findings were consistent across sub-groups of sex, region, and race/ethnicity. CONCLUSION: Temperature-related deaths disproportionately impacted Americans with lower educational attainment and disparities widened over the study period.
Determinants of cervical cancer screening in Southeast Asia: A systematic review using the COM-B model and the theoretical domains framework.
Lim JH, Yeap LL, Saw PS … +2 more , Ng KY, Wong YJ
Prev Med · 2026 Jun · PMID 41887293 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To identify the determinants of cervical cancer screening (CCS) uptake in Southeast Asia (SEA), using the COM-B model and the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). METHODS: A comprehensive search was conducted...
OBJECTIVE: To identify the determinants of cervical cancer screening (CCS) uptake in Southeast Asia (SEA), using the COM-B model and the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). METHODS: A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, Embase, ProQuest and PsycINFO. Primary qualitative and quantitative studies published in English from January 2015 to October 2025 that reported determinants of CCS uptake in SEA were included. The Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tool was used to conduct the quality assessment of the studies. RESULTS: A total of 72 articles were included, with most studies from Malaysia (n = 20) and using the Pap smear screening method (n = 39). The review mapped 230 items onto COM-B and the TDF as either barriers or facilitators, with every TDF domain appearing in at least one study. The most reported domains were 'knowledge' (60/72 studies) and 'environmental context and resources' (52/72 studies), with 'social influence' also frequently identified (35/72 studies). CONCLUSIONS: The findings highlight that CCS uptake in SEA is shaped not only by knowledge but also by opportunity-related factors and motivational factors. Interventions could therefore combine education with measures to address access and emotional barriers, in addition to leveraging provider and community support.
Electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) battery-related explosions and burns presenting to United States Emergency Departments, 2020-2024.
Blakney AM, Griggs E, Farrell S … +2 more , Lindsey K, Chang JT
Prev Med · 2026 Jun · PMID 41875938 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) pose mechanical risks including device explosions and thermal burns due to lithium-ion battery failures. This study analyzed recent trends in ENDS explosion injuries...
OBJECTIVE: Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) pose mechanical risks including device explosions and thermal burns due to lithium-ion battery failures. This study analyzed recent trends in ENDS explosion injuries using national surveillance data. METHODS: We analyzed 2020-2024 National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) data from emergency departments across the United States to identify emergency department visits for ENDS battery-related explosion and burn injuries. Cases were identified through systematic text mining of narrative fields using keywords related to e-cigarettes and explosion/combustion. Weighted national estimates were calculated using the NEISS sampling methodology. RESULTS: Between 2020 and 2024, an estimated 2043 emergency department visits (95% CI: 1326, 2760) were attributed to ENDS battery-related explosion/burn injuries based on 52 unweighted cases. Most patients were adults ages 18-44 years (72.7%) and male (80.7%). Lower extremity injuries were most common (54.1%), followed by upper extremity injuries (31.0%). More than one-quarter of cases (26.3%) required hospital admission, with an additional 3.9% transferred to other facilities. CONCLUSIONS: ENDS battery-related explosion injuries remain an uncommon but serious source of morbidity, with over 25% of cases requiring hospitalization. These findings emphasize the need for continued surveillance and stronger regulatory standards for ENDS to avert serious, preventable injuries among users.
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