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200 papers
Non-communicable disease burden among middle-aged and older adults living with HIV in the Western Pacific region: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Chou HC, Tsai TY, Chung H
Prev Med · 2025 Nov · PMID 40915367 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: Middle-aged and older adults living with HIV in the Western Pacific Region (WPR) are experiencing accelerated aging and a rising burden of non-communicable disease (NCD)-related comorbidities. This systematic...
OBJECTIVE: Middle-aged and older adults living with HIV in the Western Pacific Region (WPR) are experiencing accelerated aging and a rising burden of non-communicable disease (NCD)-related comorbidities. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the burden of major NCDs-measured by prevalence, incidence, and mortality-among people living with HIV(PLWH) aged 40 years and older, in comparison to their HIV-negative counterparts. METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across Medline (1966-), Embase (1974-), Cochrane Library (1996-), Epistemonikos (established in 2012, with retrospective coverage), and Web of Science (1900-) to identify relevant studies published up to May 9, 2025. Meta-analyses limited to NCD categories with three or more comparable studies. Random-effects was performed using MetaXL software. RESULTS: Nineteen articles were included, and the majority reported prevalence estimates (13/19 studies). Our findings indicated pooled prevalence ratio estimates for cardiovascular diseases (1.17, [95 % confidence interval: 0.97-1.42]), cancers (1.23 [1.05-1.45]), diabetes (1.64 [1.19-2.27]), kidney diseases (2.26 [1.03-4.97]), chronic respiratory diseases (2.13 [0.82-5.53]) and mental illnesses (2.25 [1.82-2.78]). Subgroup analysis indicated a significantly high prevalence of depression (3.00 [2.17-4.16]). The pooled incident rate ratio for cancers was 3.99 (2.33-6.84) per 1000 person-years. CONCLUSIONS: In the WPR, middle-aged and older adults living with HIV face an elevated burden of cancers, diabetes, kidney disorders, and mental health conditions. There is an urgent need to develop care strategies tailored to the specific needs of diverse populations, and further research is required to support the management of chronic respiratory diseases.
Retraction notice to "The preventive effect of PNF stretching exercise on sports injuries in physical education based on IoT data monitoring" [Preventive Medicine 173 (2023) 107591].
Ning C, Li M, Ge L
Prev Med · 2025 Oct · PMID 40897579 · Publisher ↗
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
Barriers to accessing and using preventive mental health services for psychosocially strained children and families in Germany: Perspectives of professionals from different sectors.
Reinhart A, Alayli A, Beierle S … +5 more , Löffler A, Reißig B, Walper S, Kuger S, De Bock F
Prev Med · 2025 Nov · PMID 40886921 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: Children, young people, and families (CYF) with psychosocial strains face elevated risks for mental health problems. Preventive mental health services in health, education, and social sectors can reduce this r...
OBJECTIVE: Children, young people, and families (CYF) with psychosocial strains face elevated risks for mental health problems. Preventive mental health services in health, education, and social sectors can reduce this risk, but are often underused or have waiting times. While some data on barriers to use from clients' perspectives exist, the professionals' perspective is also important, particularly for understanding barriers at the side of providers and organizations and identifying solutions. This study examines barriers to accessing and using services from the perspective of professionals in multiple sectors. METHODS: Nineteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with professionals from the health, education, and social sectors in socioeconomically disadvantaged districts of two German cities in 2024. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and coded using thematic analysis. RESULTS: Professionals described barriers at the (1) Client level (e.g., feeling ashamed using psychosocial services), (2) Provider level (e.g., insufficient knowledge about services), (3) Organizational level (e.g., responsibility or expertise not fitting families' needs), and (4) System level (e.g., long waiting times). To address barriers, professionals suggested trust-building with families, establishing contact and collaboration with other professionals, and building one-stop-shop models of co-located services to overcome parents' time constraints when children need multiple services. CONCLUSIONS: Professionals are key to identifying barriers to preventive mental health service access and use in psychosocially strained CYF and finding solutions. Intersectoral exchange with other professionals can increase service awareness from other institutions and guide intersectoral collaboration. Barriers must be addressed holistically across levels and sectors to effectively overcome them.
Temporal trends in suicide among adolescents and young adults in the United States, Canada, and South Korea: 2001-2023.
Oh S, Do R, Kim S
Prev Med · 2025 Nov · PMID 40885314 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To compare temporal trends in suicide mortality among adolescents (10-19) and young adults (20-29) by sex across the United States, Canada, and South Korea from 2001 to 2023. METHODS: We analyzed national suic...
OBJECTIVE: To compare temporal trends in suicide mortality among adolescents (10-19) and young adults (20-29) by sex across the United States, Canada, and South Korea from 2001 to 2023. METHODS: We analyzed national suicide mortality data from South Korea, the United States, and Canada. Joinpoint regression was used to estimate average annual percent changes (AAPCs) and annual percent changes (APCs) and) by age and sex. RESULTS: Suicide rates declined or stabilized in the U.S. and Canada, except for steady increases among Canadian adolescent females (AAPC = 2.04). Despite these declines, U.S. young males continued to report the highest recent unadjusted suicide rates (28.7 per 100,000 in 2023). In South Korea, rates rose significantly across all groups, with sharp increases among females from 2015 to 2023 (APC = 10.91 for adolescents; APC = 7.42 for young adults). CONCLUSION: Youth suicide trends vary across countries and by sex. South Korea's sharp and ongoing rise, especially among young females, highlights the urgent need for prevention strategies attuned to sex, age, and sociocultural context. Ongoing risks among Canadian adolescent females and the U.S. young males also warrant continued investment in targeted, evidence-based interventions.
Temporary urban environment changes to promote physical activity in urban populations: A scoping review.
Lei J, Fitzsimons C, Murphy M … +1 more , Niven A
Prev Med · 2025 Nov · PMID 40885313 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To examine what is known about the role of Temporary Urban Environment Changes (TUECs) in promoting physical activity in urban contexts. METHODS: We conducted a scoping review in line with the Preferred Report...
OBJECTIVE: To examine what is known about the role of Temporary Urban Environment Changes (TUECs) in promoting physical activity in urban contexts. METHODS: We conducted a scoping review in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. We systematically searched MEDLINE (Ovid), Web of Science, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, Scopus and PsycINFO, with screening and selection based on predefined criteria. Searches were completed in September 2024. RESULTS: Forty-two studies met the inclusion criteria, mostly published after 2019 and set in high- income countries (primarily the United States and Europe). Five TUECs categories were identified: Open/Play Streets and Ciclovía, pop-up cycle lanes, pop-up parks, parklets/plazas, and other. Walking and cycling were the most frequently supported activities; 38 studies reported a beneficial direction of effect on physical activity and 4 were inconclusive. The evidence base is dominated by observational or cross-sectional designs, with inconsistent theoretical framing and heterogeneous physical-activity measures (mostly self-report or on-site observation, with few device-based measures). Equity dimensions, including reach among inactive groups, deprivation, disability and age, were rarely examined. CONCLUSION: TUECs offer a flexible and increasingly relevant approach to supporting physical activity in urban environments. This review consolidates a fragmented evidence base and proposes a coherent lens for understanding how temporary spatial interventions are conceptualised, operationalised, and evaluated. As urban areas seek scalable, health-oriented solutions, TUECs deserve closer attention-not as isolated experiments, but as strategic tools within broader public health and urban planning agendas.
Prospective association of internet gaming disorder with subsequent first suicidal attempt: A large-scale school-based study of Chinese adolescents.
Peng P, Chen Z, Ren S … +5 more , Liang Y, Tan Y, Chen X, Tang J, Liao Y
Prev Med · 2025 Oct · PMID 40882707 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: While Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) is a known risk factor for suicidal ideation, longitudinal evidence linking it to suicidal attempt remains scarce. This study investigates whether IGD severity independent...
OBJECTIVES: While Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) is a known risk factor for suicidal ideation, longitudinal evidence linking it to suicidal attempt remains scarce. This study investigates whether IGD severity independently predicts first-onset suicidal attempt in adolescents. METHODS: A school-based cohort of 87,390 Chinese adolescents (baseline age: 14.2 ± 1.5 years) was followed for one year (2022-2023). The severity of IGD was assessed using the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short Form (IGDS9-SF). The primary analysis utilized multivariable logistic regression to examine the association between the continuous IGDS9-SF score and incident suicidal attempts, adjusting for demographics, mental health symptoms, and baseline suicidal ideation. Sensitivity analyses included examining categorical IGD status, individual symptom contributions, non-linearity testing, and E-value calculation. RESULTS: A total of 6620 (7.6 %) adolescents reported an incident suicidal attempt. Each one-point increase in the IGDS9-SF score raised the odds of a first suicidal attempt by 2 % (Adjusted Odds Ratio = 1.02, 95 % CI = 1.02-1.03). The association was robust across all sensitivity analyses, demonstrating a linear trend and resilience to unmeasured confounding (E-value ≥2.24). CONCLUSIONS: IGD severity is an independent, dose-dependent associated factor for suicidal attempt in adolescents. Measuring IGD severity might be a valuable strategy for identifying adolescents at risk.
Reprint of: The effects of switching to the standardized research electronic cigarette in people with HIV who smoke in the United States.
Cioe PA, Lechner WV, Stang GS … +4 more , Kahler CW, Tashima KT, Eissenberg T, Tidey JW
Prev Med · 2025 Dec · PMID 40877112 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: People with HIV (PWH) who smoke and report ambivalence about quitting may benefit from switching to non-combusted nicotine products. This pilot study examined the effects of providing the NIDA standardized res...
OBJECTIVE: People with HIV (PWH) who smoke and report ambivalence about quitting may benefit from switching to non-combusted nicotine products. This pilot study examined the effects of providing the NIDA standardized research electronic cigarette (SREC) on smoking behaviors and inflammatory biomarkers in PWH. METHODS: Thirty-five participants in the United States were enrolled from April 2022 to January 2024 (Mean age 54.4 [13.2] years, 30.1 % female, 62.9 % White) and randomized to SREC provision (n = 17) or usual brand control (n = 18). SREC participants were asked to substitute tobacco-flavor pod-type SRECs for their combustible cigarettes. SREC use and cigarette use were assessed weekly for 6 weeks. Serum inflammatory biomarkers were measured at baseline and week 6. RESULTS: The effect of condition on cigarettes per day (CPD) during the 6-week period was significant, B = -5.68, 95 % CI = -10.25, -1.11: CPD were reduced by 42.7 % in the SREC condition versus 17.3 % in the control condition. Participants in the SREC condition reported significantly lower urge to smoke at week 6 compared to those in control, (B = -17.05, 95 % CI = -27.15, -6.95). One (5.9 %) participant reported that they transitioned completely from CCs to SREC at week 6. Significant decreases in inflammatory biomarkers were not observed. CONCLUSIONS: Participants who were provided the SREC, compared to those in the control condition, smoked fewer CPD and had reduced urge to smoke. However, dual use was the most common outcome, indicating that additional support may be needed to improve the likelihood of complete transition from CCs to noncombustible products.
Suicide trends and patterns in young adults across global regions and selected major countries worldwide from the World Health Organization mortality database, 2001-2020.
Choi M, Yu S, Park H … +4 more , Sempungu JK, Han JH, Lee EH, Lee YH
Prev Med · 2025 Nov · PMID 40876552 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: We aimed to analyze trends and patterns of suicide among young adults worldwide, 2001-2020. METHODS: We used the World Health Organization Mortality Database to extract suicide deaths for individuals aged 20-3...
OBJECTIVE: We aimed to analyze trends and patterns of suicide among young adults worldwide, 2001-2020. METHODS: We used the World Health Organization Mortality Database to extract suicide deaths for individuals aged 20-39 years from 55 countries with valid and medium/high-quality data, 2001-2020. Suicide rates were calculated by sex, age group, and suicide method across global regions and countries. We conducted a joinpoint regression analysis to identify trends and changes in suicide rates. RESULTS: Marked geographical disparities were found in suicide trends by sex and method. In the Americas, suicide rates recently increased across all subregions, particularly in the North American region. In contrast, most European subregions showed decreasing trends in suicide rates in both males and females, except for North Europe. In Asia, suicide trends varied across subregions, with marked reductions in Central Asia among males and fluctuations in East Asia among females. Hanging was the most commonly used method across all countries, except in the US, where firearms were more used, particularly among males. Other major methods, such as poisoning and gas poisoning, showed changes in trends. CONCLUSIONS: Suicide trends among young adults varied by sex, method, and country, with concerning increases or persistently high rates in some countries.
Association of sustained extremely low income and income decrease with the risk of Parkinson's disease: A population-based nationwide cohort study in Korea.
Yoon SY, Han K, Lee KN … +2 more , Suh JH, Nam GE
Prev Med · 2025 Oct · PMID 40865735 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: Previous studies on the association between income and Parkinson's disease assessed income status at a single time point, without considering changes over time. This study aimed to evaluate the longitudinal as...
OBJECTIVE: Previous studies on the association between income and Parkinson's disease assessed income status at a single time point, without considering changes over time. This study aimed to evaluate the longitudinal association between various income dynamics and the risk of Parkinson's disease. METHODS: We used the Korean National Health Insurance Service data, enrolling 2,644,550 individuals who participated in the 2012 National Health Screening Program. The national health insurance premium was used as a proxy measure of income, with four levels (quartile 1 [low] to 4 [high]). Additionally, Medical Aid was classified as extremely low-income. Parkinson's disease was defined using the ICD-10 code (G20) and the rare intractable disease registration code (V124). Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the longitudinal association between income status and Parkinson's disease rate. RESULTS: During the study period, the incidence rate of Parkinson's disease was 27.13 per 100,000 person-years. A dose-response association between the cumulative number of years in the extremely low-income status and Parkinson's disease rate was identified (P for trend <0.001). A decrease in income from 2008 to 2012 to extremely low-income from quartile 1 (HR = 2.19, 95 % CI 1.55, 3.09), quartile 2 (HR = 2.56, 95 % CI 1.75, 3.74), or quartile 3 (HR = 2.20, 95 % CI 1.24, 3.88) was associated with more than a two-fold increased Parkinson's disease rate compared to individuals with sustained income status. CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with sustained extremely low income over 5 consecutive years and those who experienced a decrease in income to this status were at a significantly higher rate of developing Parkinson's disease.
Maintaining healthy lifestyle behaviours in the era of social media: Challenges and solutions.
Chaput JP, LeBlanc AG
Prev Med · 2025 Oct · PMID 40858204 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To examine the dual role of social media in influencing lifestyle behaviours relevant to chronic disease prevention and to propose strategies that align digital environments with public health objectives. METH...
OBJECTIVE: To examine the dual role of social media in influencing lifestyle behaviours relevant to chronic disease prevention and to propose strategies that align digital environments with public health objectives. METHODS: This commentary synthesizes recent evidence on the associations between social media use and health behaviours, including physical activity, nutrition, sleep, and sedentary time. It draws on research from public health, behavioural science, and digital media studies to highlight both risks and opportunities. RESULTS: Evidence shows that prolonged and unregulated social media engagement contributes to increased sedentary time, sleep disruption, poor dietary choices, exposure to targeted marketing of unhealthy products, unrealistic body ideals, and health misinformation. Conversely, social media can be harnessed to promote behaviour change through scalable interventions such as social support, self-monitoring, and goal setting. CONCLUSIONS: Addressing the challenges posed by social media requires coordinated, multi-level strategies. These include redesigning digital environments with health-promoting defaults, regulating harmful commercial exposures, leveraging platforms for evidence-based health promotion, strengthening digital literacy, and introducing school-based smartphone restrictions. Aligning platform design and governance with public health goals is essential to mitigating risks, supporting healthy behaviours, and improving population health outcomes.
Association between midlife intake of ultra-processed foods and later-life subjective cognitive complaints: Evidence from the new York University women's health study.
Zhang K, Wu F, Clendenen TV … +5 more , Afanasyeva Y, Gu Y, Koenig KL, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, Chen Y
Prev Med · 2025 Nov · PMID 40849084 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: Research into risk factors for subjective cognitive complaints (SCCs) may offer insight into the etiology and prevention of Alzheimer's disease. Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) contain food additives that improve...
OBJECTIVE: Research into risk factors for subjective cognitive complaints (SCCs) may offer insight into the etiology and prevention of Alzheimer's disease. Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) contain food additives that improve palatability and processed raw materials. Evidence is limited on the role of mid-life UPF intake in the development of late-life SCCs. METHODS: We included 5119 participants who responded to the 2018 or 2020 follow-up of the New York University Women's Health Study, a prospective cohort of 14,274 women recruited in New York City, United States, in 1985-91. Data on diet were collected at baseline using a validated modified Block food frequency questionnaire. Energy-adjusted total intake of UPFs and subgroups of UPFs, defined following the nova guidelines, were estimated using the residual method. RESULTS: The odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) for reporting ≥2 SCCs were 1.15 (0.94-1.39), 1.06 (0.87-1.30), 1.20 (0.99-1.46), and 1.24 (1.02-1.51) for women in the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th quintiles of energy-adjusted UPF intake, respectively, compared to those in the bottom quintile (p-trend = 0.02). The associations were similar in sensitivity analyses using Multiple Imputation and Inverse Probability Weighting to account for potential selection bias. CONCLUSIONS: Higher UPF intakes in midlife were associated with higher odds of late-life SCCs in women.
Inequities in food security by sexual orientation in the United States.
Balshi A, Dempsey JP, Thompson HR … +1 more , Montgomery MW
Prev Med · 2025 Oct · PMID 40845968 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To determine if sexual minority (gay, lesbian, bisexual, or another [LGB+] sexual orientation) identity independently contributes to food insecurity while accounting for other social drivers of health (SDoH) l...
OBJECTIVE: To determine if sexual minority (gay, lesbian, bisexual, or another [LGB+] sexual orientation) identity independently contributes to food insecurity while accounting for other social drivers of health (SDoH) like race, education, employment, supplemental nutrition assistance program (SNAP) participation, and mental illness. METHODS: We performed multivariate logistic regression of 2019-2023 National Health Interview Surveys to determine any relationship between LGB+ identity and 30-day food security scale responses. RESULTS: We included 130,656 participants, representing 235,728,318 Americans by weighted sampling. Among those eligible, there was no difference in SNAP utilization between LGB+ and heterosexual individuals (odds ratio: 1.12, 95 % confidence interval: 0.97-1.30). However, LGB+ individuals had 1.53 times higher odds of very low food security (95 % confidence interval: 1.31-1.79) even after adjusting for SDoH and mental illness. CONCLUSION: Despite similar SNAP enrollment, LGB+ individuals remain disproportionately food insecure, suggesting that structural or systemic barriers not addressed through federal food assistance programs contribute to elevated risk.
Adverse childhood experiences, resilience, and substance use during early pregnancy.
Young-Wolff KC, Wood MS, Adams SR … +5 more , Does MB, Ansley D, Castellanos C, Koshy MT, Watson CR
Prev Med · 2025 Oct · PMID 40816349 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are common risk factors for unhealthy behaviors and poor health outcomes throughout the life course, but their relationship with prenatal substance use is understudied. Thi...
OBJECTIVE: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are common risk factors for unhealthy behaviors and poor health outcomes throughout the life course, but their relationship with prenatal substance use is understudied. This retrospective cohort study included 44,284 patients with pregnancies between January 1, 2022, and June 28, 2024, in a large healthcare system in Northern California, United States of America with universal screening for ACEs, resilience, and substance use during early pregnancy. METHODS: Multivariable regression models examined the relationship between ACEs and prenatal substance use and tested whether resilience moderated these associations. RESULTS: Pregnant individuals with a greater number of ACEs had lower resilience, were younger, more likely to be Black, Non-Hispanic White, or Hispanic, and live in an area with greater neighborhood deprivation. In adjusted models, compared to those without ACEs, those with ACEs had a higher adjusted prevalence of prenatal alcohol use, cannabis use, nicotine use, pharmaceutical opioid use, stimulant use, and multiple substance use. Low resilience was independently associated with an increased prevalence of prenatal substance use. CONCLUSIONS: Results indicate that routine screening for ACEs may help identify pregnant individuals at risk for prenatal substance use, allowing for earlier linkage to resources and potentially improved maternal and child outcomes.
Electronic cigarettes and pregnancy: A social media content analysis.
Kong G, Ouellette RR, de la Noval A … +3 more , Kyriakos CN, Ponte V, DeVito EE
Prev Med · 2025 Dec · PMID 40816348 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use during pregnancy is a polarizing and complex public health topic. We examined social media content on e-cigarette use during pregnancy. METHODS: We content analyzed 170 T...
OBJECTIVE: Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use during pregnancy is a polarizing and complex public health topic. We examined social media content on e-cigarette use during pregnancy. METHODS: We content analyzed 170 TikTok posts about e-cigarettes and pregnancy in 2023. We coded message valence (anti-, pro-, mixed/unclear/neutral), messenger characteristics (age, gender, pregnancy status, healthcare provider status, e-cigarette and cigarette use), geographic origin, and engagement metrics (likes, favorites, shares, downloads, comments, followers). We assessed whether engagement and message valence differed by messenger and post characteristics using Chi-Square and Kruskal-Wallis tests. RESULTS: Posts included 55 % (n = 93) anti-, 32.4 % (n = 55) mixed/unclear/neutral, and 12.9 % (n = 22) pro-e-cigarette use during pregnancy messages. Messenger characteristics included 90.6 % (n = 144) female, 53.5 % (n = 85) 18 to 30 years old, 40.9 % (n = 65) pregnant, 7.5 % (n = 12) healthcare providers. Geographic origin included 66.5 % (n = 113) from the United States and 22.9 % (n = 39) from the United Kingdom. Engagement was high, with some videos receiving over 2 million "plays" and 500 thousand "likes." Posts by healthcare providers and messengers over 45 years old had more followers (ps < 0.001). Posts with messengers who quit e-cigarettes, from the US, and 18-45 years old were more likely to contain anti-e-cigarette content, whereas posts from the United Kingdom were more likely to have pro-e-cigarette content (ps ≤ 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: A wide range of content on e-cigarette use and pregnancy was observed on TikTok. Future research is needed to understand how pregnant individuals navigate this content. Healthcare providers may be effective messengers for promoting e-cigarette cessation during pregnancy on social media.
Association between an active lifestyle and reduced incidence of obesity-related cancers in the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra cohort.
Bastyr-Diego M, Barbería-Latasa M, Olmedo M … +4 more , Gea A, Bes-Rastrollo M, Martínez-González MÁ, Toledo E
Prev Med · 2025 Oct · PMID 40784433 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To assess whether physical activity, sedentary behavior, and an active lifestyle score, combining physical activity and sedentary behavior, are associated with developing obesity-related cancers (ORCs). METHOD...
OBJECTIVE: To assess whether physical activity, sedentary behavior, and an active lifestyle score, combining physical activity and sedentary behavior, are associated with developing obesity-related cancers (ORCs). METHODS: From 1999 through 2022, a cohort of Spanish university graduates was followed using biennial questionnaires collecting data on sociodemographic characteristics, clinical diagnoses, and lifestyle factors. We used a previously validated questionnaire to assess physical and sedentary activities (television watching+sitting time), from which we estimated an eight-item active lifestyle score. Cancer incidence was confirmed with medical records and the National Death Index. Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated with Cox regression models. RESULTS: Higher adherence to the active lifestyle score nearly halved the risk of ORCs (HR high vs. low 0.45 (95 %CI 0.27-0.73)). The HR in quartile four (Q4) of leisure-time physical activity was 0.54 (95 %CI 0.37-0.80) compared to Q1. The HR per +1-point increase in the score was 0.88 (95 %CI 0.81-0.95). No significant association was observed between television watching and ORCs risk. CONCLUSIONS: A higher active lifestyle score was associated with a decreased risk of ORCs. These findings may aid public health organizations in refining recommendations in ORC prevention to include interventions focused on combining increased physical activity and lowered sedentary behavior.
Food insufficiency and difficulty affording expenses after the end of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program emergency allotments in the United States among households with and without children.
Austin AE, Ettinger de Cuba S, Maierhofer CN … +4 more , Naumann RB, Chen M, Anderson KN, Shafer PR
Prev Med · 2025 Oct · PMID 40783141 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: Emergency allotments were issued in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), the largest program addressing food insecurity in the United States, during the COVID-19 pandemic. These emergency allo...
OBJECTIVE: Emergency allotments were issued in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), the largest program addressing food insecurity in the United States, during the COVID-19 pandemic. These emergency allotments temporarily increased the amount of monthly food purchasing assistance received by SNAP-participating households. Our aim was to examine the association of the end of SNAP emergency allotments with food insufficiency and difficulty affording expenses, overall and among households with and without children. METHODS: We used March 2021-April 2022 Household Pulse Survey data from respondents in four states that ended emergency allotments in August 2021 ("earlier ender" states) and eight states that ended emergency allotments after the end of the study period (comparison states). We conducted difference-in-differences analyses to compare changes in the risk of food insufficiency and difficulty affording expenses from before to after the end of emergency allotments in August 2021 between SNAP-participating households in "earlier ender" states and comparison states. RESULTS: Earlier ending of SNAP emergency allotments was associated with a 5.0 percentage point increase in the risk of food insufficiency (risk difference (RD) = 0.05, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.03, 0.07) and an 8.0 percentage point increase in the risk of difficulty affording expenses (RD = 0.08, 95 % CI 0.06, 0.09). The increase in the risk of food insufficiency was slightly larger for households with children (RD = 0.06, 95 % CI 0.03, 0.09) than households without children (RD = 0.04, 95 % CI 0.00, 0.08). CONCLUSIONS: SNAP benefit reductions after the end of emergency allotments were associated with difficulty affording food and household expenses among households with and without children.
The heterogeneity of youth at risk of prediabetes and diabetes: A latent class analysis of a United States national sample.
McDonough C, Li YC, Pandey G … +2 more , Vangeepuram N, Liu B
Prev Med · 2025 Oct · PMID 40783140 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: Prediabetes and diabetes are complex conditions associated with interrelated factors from multiple domains, including lifestyle, health, and sociodemographic status. We aimed to identify youth subgroups with c...
OBJECTIVE: Prediabetes and diabetes are complex conditions associated with interrelated factors from multiple domains, including lifestyle, health, and sociodemographic status. We aimed to identify youth subgroups with co-occurring features from these domains to inform prevention and intervention efforts. METHODS: We analyzed data from 1278 adolescents (ages 12-17 years) from the 2011-2018 United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Prediabetes/diabetes was defined using hemoglobin A1c (≥5.7 mg/dL) and/or fasting plasma glucose (≥100 mg/dL). We applied latent class analysis of physical activity, diet quality, screen time, and body mass index (BMI) identified subgroups adjusting for sociodemographic factors. Associations between latent class membership and prediabetes/diabetes were assessed using survey-weighted logistic regression. RESULTS: Four classes emerged: High BMI and unhealthy lifestyle (37.5 %), Healthy BMI and physically active (24.7 %), Healthy BMI and lifestyle (16.0 %), and Average BMI and lifestyle (21.8 %). Compared to youth in the High BMI and unhealthy lifestyle class, youth in the other three classes all had lower odds of prediabetes/diabetes, where the adjusted odds ratio was 0.56 (95 % CI: 0.33-0.95) for youth of the Healthy BMI and active class, 0.46 (95 % CI: 0.21-1.01) for youth in the Healthy BMI and lifestyle class, and 0.68 (95 % CI: 0.42-1.10) for youth in the Average BMI and lifestyle class. CONCLUSIONS: The latent class analysis revealed four youth subgroups with different lifestyle, health, and sociodemographic characteristics, and youth prediabetes/diabetes status was associated with the latent class membership. The results suggest potential heterogeneous interventions over one-size-fits-all approaches to mitigate prediabetes/diabetes risk among youth.
Corrigendum to "Reducing perceived barriers to scaling up overdose education and naloxone distribution and medications for opioid use disorder in the United States in the HEALing (Helping End Addiction Long-Term®) communities study" [Preventive Medicine Volume 185 (2024) 108034].
Knudsen HK, Walker DM, Mack N … +32 more , Kinnard EN, Huerta TR, Glasgow L, Gilbert L, Garner BR, Dasgupta A, Chandler R, Walsh SL, Tin Y, Tan S, Sprunger J, Martinez LS, Salsberry P, Saucier M, Rudorf M, Rodriguez S, Oser CB, Oga E, Nakayima J, Linas BS, Lefebvre RC, Kosakowski S, Katz RE, Hunt T, Holman A, Holloway J, Goddard-Eckrich D, Fareed N, Christopher M, Aldrich A, Adams JW, Drainoni ML
Prev Med · 2025 Oct · PMID 40781038 · Publisher ↗
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
Somatic disease burden in parents of children with cancer - a nationwide cohort study in Sweden.
Liu Y, Jansåker F, Sundquist J … +2 more , Sundquist K, Ji J
Prev Med · 2025 Oct · PMID 40769334 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: A diagnosis of childhood cancer is profoundly devastating for families, with well-recognized effects on parental mental health. However, its impact on parental somatic health remains poorly understood, particu...
OBJECTIVE: A diagnosis of childhood cancer is profoundly devastating for families, with well-recognized effects on parental mental health. However, its impact on parental somatic health remains poorly understood, particularly regarding potential long-term cumulative burden. These persistent somatic diseases require frequent clinic visits for ongoing management and adversely affect parents' quality of life. METHODS: Using several Swedish national registers, we identified biological parents of children diagnosed with cancer before age 14 between January 1, 1987, and December 31, 2016, and matched them with up to five parents of children without cancer. Parental somatic health conditions, encompassing both the initial occurrence and any recurrent episodes, were identified through the end of 2018 across 14 major disease groups using the National Patient Register and primary health care data. The marginal means/rates model was employed to compare recurrent somatic health events. RESULTS: A total of 6859 fathers and 7098 mothers of children diagnosed with cancer in Sweden were identified and followed for up to 32 years. Parents of children with cancer experienced increased rates of recurrent somatic health conditions compared to those without (84.14 vs. 80.63 per 1000 person-months). The increases were observed across multiple disease categories, including neoplasms, diseases related to blood and immune mechanisms, circulatory diseases, and genital organ diseases. Stratified analyses further revealed variations in risk estimates across subgroups. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings highlight the long-term somatic health consequences of having a child with cancer and the need for supportive interventions to mitigate stress and improve parental somatic well-being.
Effectiveness of multidisciplinary approaches including exercise to treat non-specific chronic low back pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis across multiple regions.
Vega-Retuerta N, Sánchez-Parente S, Segura-Jiménez V
Prev Med · 2025 Oct · PMID 40763906 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of multidisciplinary interventions including exercise in improving health outcomes for patients with non-specific chronic low back pain (NSCLBP) across different regions. METHODS...
OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of multidisciplinary interventions including exercise in improving health outcomes for patients with non-specific chronic low back pain (NSCLBP) across different regions. METHODS: The search for studies was not restricted to a specific time period but was conducted based on the availability of existing literature within the selected databases. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in four databases: EBSCOhost (from 1995), PubMed (from 1996), Web of Science (from 1964), and Scopus (from 2004), up to November 3, 2021. After applying exclusion criteria, 31 studies published between 1998 and 2021 were selected for final inclusion. The methodological approach included both qualitative and quantitative analyses, ensuring a comprehensive evaluation of the available evidence. STUDY SELECTION CRITERIA: Multidisciplinary interventions including exercise aimed at relieving symptoms of NSCLBP were included. Outcomes analyzed were disability, pain, fear avoidance, quality of life, perceived change, depression, anxiety and stress. The Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software was used for statistical analyses. RESULTS: Thirty-one studies were included in the qualitative analysis and 29 in the meta-analysis. The qualitative analysis showed improvements in favor of the intervention group (IG) in pain, fear avoidance, quality of life and perceived change. The meta-analysis reported significant pooled effect size (ES) in favor of the IGs in disability, pain, fear avoidance, quality of life, and perceived change among patients with NSCLBP. CONCLUSION: Multidisciplinary approaches including exercise appear to be effective in reducing disability, pain, fear avoidance, quality of life and perceived change, but not depression, anxiety or stress in patients with NSCLBP. The findings should be interpreted cautiously in light of substantial heterogeneity and the limited quality of the available evidence.
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