Eur J Nutr [JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Higher consumption of ultra-processed foods is associated with increased risk of fracture among adults: findings from China Health and Nutrition Survey.
Li M, Melaku YA, Shi Z
Eur J Nutr · 2026 Mar · PMID 41774235 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Although the consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) has been shown to increase the risk of many diet-related chronic diseases, its potential association with fracture risk remains unexplored in Chinese a...
BACKGROUND: Although the consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) has been shown to increase the risk of many diet-related chronic diseases, its potential association with fracture risk remains unexplored in Chinese adults. METHODS: This study used data from a cohort of 13,194 adults who participated at least twice of the China Nutrition and Health Survey (CNHS) between 1997 and 2011 (six waves in total), during which information on fractures was collected. Dietary intake was assessed at each survey using a 3-day 24-hour dietary recall method. UPF consumption was calculated as the total intake of foods classified as NOVA group 4. Fracture was self-reported at each survey. Multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression models, accounting for repeated measures, were used to assess the association, adjusting for covariates including sociodemographic, socioeconomic, health, behavioural, and dietary factors. RESULTS: Mean per capita UPF consumption increased from 11.3 g in 1997 to 41.5 g in 2011. The total number of participants reported having fracture was 1,471 with 1,057 reported incident fractures during the follow-up. The prevalence of fracture was 2.6% in 1997 and 5.3% in 2011. The adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) for fracture for those with mean UPF consumption of 1-49 g/day, 50-99 g/day, and ≥ 100 g/day were 1.45 (1.25-1.69), 1.62 (1.28-2.04), and 1.66 (1.22-2.24), respectively, compared with non-consumers (p for trend < 0.001). There was significant interaction between UPF and residence with the positive association being significant in rural areas but not in urban areas. CONCLUSION: Higher UPF consumption was associated with increased risk of fractures, especially in rural areas. Dietary guidelines should integrate this evidence to address the evolving food environment in China and its potential impact on musculoskeletal health.
Nutrition's role in extending healthspan: CRN-international symposium report.
Huber LG, Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Folta SC … +6 more , Marsman DS, Moore D, Shao A, Stout M, Williamson G, Griffiths JC
Eur J Nutr · 2026 Mar · PMID 41774222 · Full text
The annual CRN-International symposium, “Food Is Medicine: The Role of Nutrition in Extending Healthspan” sought to address the profound impact of dietary habits on health and healthy lifespan, as judicious nutritional c...
The annual CRN-International symposium, “Food Is Medicine: The Role of Nutrition in Extending Healthspan” sought to address the profound impact of dietary habits on health and healthy lifespan, as judicious nutritional choices can serve as a powerful tool for health promotion. A key question to consider with the “Food is Medicine (FIM)” movement is to what degree diet and nutrition regimes play a role in FIM efforts beyond treatment for morbidity and disease by contributing to resilience and extension of years people are healthy. A paradigm shift in healthcare policy and practice is necessary, recognizing nutrition and dietary interventions as foundational components of health care. Geography, cultural, and socioeconomic factors must be examined as integral parts of interventions that are sustainable and accessible to all, thereby democratizing health. Nutrition, including food, beverages, and dietary/food supplements, serves as a cornerstone of preventive medicine. Integration of nutritional strategies into the healthcare system is urgently needed so they are considered alongside medications, procedures, and tests, particularly for prevention and health promotion. There is a need for increased awareness and education about healthy dietary habits combined with policy changes that encourage such habits, contributing to an improved healthspan and quality of life.
Comparable improvements in selective, but not sustained, attention in response to a multi-ingredient nootropic formulation when compared with caffeine.
Hearris MA, Langan-Evans C, Foo WL … +6 more , Garrigan C, Starke L, Rendeiro C, Williams C, Jackson P, Morton JP
Eur J Nutr · 2026 Mar · PMID 41770378 · Full text
PURPOSE: The ergogenic effects of caffeine on cognitive performance are largely restricted to improved alertness and enhanced attention and do not typically extend to other cognitive domains. In contrast, plant extracts...
PURPOSE: The ergogenic effects of caffeine on cognitive performance are largely restricted to improved alertness and enhanced attention and do not typically extend to other cognitive domains. In contrast, plant extracts and phytochemicals exert broader cognitive performance benefits and, when combined together, may provide synergistic effects. METHODS: In a repeated-measures, double-blinded, randomised crossover design, 26 healthy adults completed a cognitive assessment battery 60, 180 and 300 min after ingesting a microcrystalline fibre placebo (PLA), 150 mg caffeine (CAFF) or a multi-ingredient nootropic formulation (NOOT). RESULTS: Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly higher with CAFF compared to NOOT and PLA (P < 0.001). Negative PANAS scores were also significantly higher with CAFF compared to PLA (P = 0.039) and NOOT (P = 0.033). Arrow flanker correct response reaction times were significantly quicker with CAFF (P = 0.009) and NOOT (P = 0.012) compared with PLA. Similarly, Stroop correct response reaction times were significantly quicker with CAFF (P = 0.017) and NOOT (P = 0.039) compared to PLA. RVIP response accuracy was significantly higher with CAFF compared to NOOT and PLA (P < 0.001 for both). CONCLUSION: Data demonstrate that the multi-ingredient nootropic displayed comparable improvements in selective attention and executive function to caffeine without the negative impact upon blood pressure and subjective mood. However, improvements in sustained attention observed in response to caffeine were not present. Collectively, these data suggest multi-ingredient nootropic formulations have efficacy in improving distinct components of cognitive function, likely dependent on the specific formulation and dose. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/4AB5V (01.08.2025) retrospectively registered.
A mixed-method approach to assess factors associated with food provision to children during weaning in Singapore.
Chi ALF, Lim A, Kuznesof SA … +2 more , Seal CJ, Brownlee IA
Eur J Nutr · 2026 Mar · PMID 41770373 · Full text
PURPOSE: The complementary feeding period is a key transitional phase in which lifelong dietary preferences are developed which shapes disease risk in later life. This study aimed to use cross-sectional data to examine h...
PURPOSE: The complementary feeding period is a key transitional phase in which lifelong dietary preferences are developed which shapes disease risk in later life. This study aimed to use cross-sectional data to examine how maternal characteristics are associated with the diet quality of their offspring. METHODS: Analysis of cross-sectional data in Singaporean mother-child dyads was conducted, alongside individual in-depth interviews to explore mothers’ perceptions and beliefs on food provisioning. Data from 488 Singaporean mother-child dyads (aged 6-24mo), were collected. Food intake (assessed by food frequency questionnaires), anthropometric and questionnaire data were collected during on-site visits. In-depth interviews were carried out in a sub-group of mothers (n = 12) to better understand dietary habits, choices, motives and influences related to their food provisioning. Pearson/Spearman correlation coefficients were used to explore diet quality relationships in the mother-child dyads. Multiple linear regression models were applied to examine the predictors for the diet quality of a child. RESULTS: Diet quality of children was significantly affected by maternal age, education, BMI, breastfeeding practice, and household income. The total diet quality scores in mother-child dyads were correlated (r = 0.176, p < 0.001), contributed primarily by whole grains and fruit (r = 0.330 and r = 0.325 respectively, p < 0.001), and vegetable (r = 0.125, p = 0.006). Breastfeeding was the strongest predictor of a child’s diet quality (β = 0.195; p < 0.001), and mothers valued breastfeeding qualitatively as a means to improve the bonding and well-being of their children. CONCLUSION: Multiple factors influence diet quality in children during complementary feeding, including breastfeeding, maternal age, BMI status, dietary habit and educational attainment.
Adherence to a healthy and sustainable diet and its association with overweight and obesity among Mexican adolescents: a cross-sectional study.
Calzada-Ruvalcaba AV, Muñoz-Rocha TV, Rodríguez-Ramírez S … +1 more , Sánchez-Pimienta TG
Eur J Nutr · 2026 Mar · PMID 41770354 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association of a healthy and sustainable diet with overweight and obesity in Mexican adolescents. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study analyzed data from the 2012 and 2016 National Health and Nutr...
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association of a healthy and sustainable diet with overweight and obesity in Mexican adolescents. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study analyzed data from the 2012 and 2016 National Health and Nutrition Surveys, including 2064 Mexican adolescents aged 12–19 years with dietary information collected through one 24-h recall. Adherence to a healthy and sustainable diet was assessed using the World Index for Sustainability and Health, which is based on the EAT-Lancet planetary reference diet. We also evaluated the four sub-scores: healthiness, unhealthiness, low environmental impact, and high environmental impact. Overweight and obesity were determined using the body mass index cut-off points for age established by the World Health Organization. Multinomial logistic models were fitted for covariates. RESULTS: Each one-point increase in the index was associated with a 2% reduction in the likelihood of overweight and obesity (RRR = 0.98, p < 0.01 and p = 0.04, respectively). Similarly, each one-point increase in the healthy subscore was associated with a 2% lower likelihood of overweight and a 3% lower likelihood of obesity. Among males, a higher healthy subscore lowered the likelihood of obesity by 4% per point (RRR = 0.96, p = 0.01), while a higher unhealthy subscore showed a marginal association with an increased risk of obesity by 4% per point (RRR = 1.04, p = 0.06). In females, each point increase in the low environmental impact subscore reduced the likelihood of overweight and obesity by 3% and 4%, respectively (p = 0.04, p = 0.01). In contrast, among males, each one-point increase in the high environmental impact subscore was associated with a 4% lower likelihood of obesity (RRR = 0.96, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Adherence to healthy and sustainable diets is low among Mexican adolescents. However, greater adherence, particularly in dietary quality and environmental dimensions, was associated with lower overweight and obesity risk, supporting tailored interventions to improve adolescent diets and prevent excess weight.
Prospective pan-cancer analysis of postdiagnosis milk and yogurt intake types with mortality and life expectancy.
Wu Y, Gu Y, Xia J … +1 more , Qian Q
Eur J Nutr · 2026 Mar · PMID 41770336 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: Dairy products may influence health outcomes, but the impact of post-diagnosis consumption on cancer prognosis is unclear. This study investigated the associations between post-diagnosis intake of various milk t...
PURPOSE: Dairy products may influence health outcomes, but the impact of post-diagnosis consumption on cancer prognosis is unclear. This study investigated the associations between post-diagnosis intake of various milk types and yogurt with all-cause and cancer mortality and life expectancy in cancer patients. METHODS: Using data from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial, 9597 participants aged ≥ 55 years with dietary data (1999-2000) were followed until 2018. Cox proportional hazards models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and life tables calculated life expectancy by dairy intake levels. RESULTS: Over a median follow-up of 13.3 years, 3685 all-cause and 1715 cancer deaths occurred. Each 200 g increase in whole milk intake was associated with higher all-cause mortality (HR 1.10, 95% CI 1.03-1.16, p = 0.001); 2% fat milk was linked to increased all-cause (HR 1.06, 95% CI 1.03-1.10, p < 0.001) and cancer mortality (HR 1.07, 95% CI 1.01-1.12, p = 0.012). Skim milk was associated with reduced all-cause (HR 0.95, 95% CI 0.92-0.99, p = 0.007) and cancer mortality (HR 0.94, 95% CI 0.89-1.00, p = 0.040). Substituting whole or 2% fat milk with skim or 1% fat milk decreased mortality risk. Higher whole and 2% fat milk intake at age 55 was linked to 2.15 and 2.01 fewer life-years, respectively, while moderate skim milk intake gained 2.09 years. CONCLUSION: Post-diagnosis skim milk intake may reduce mortality and extend life expectancy in cancer patients, whereas whole and 2% fat milk intake may have adverse effects.
Nutrient intake is associated with incident mental disorders: a population-based prospective cohort study.
Mao T, Gou Y, Qin L … +11 more , Che Y, Da W, Li Y, Wang H, Feng J, Liu L, Liu H, Cheng B, Jia Y, Wen Y, Zhang F
Eur J Nutr · 2026 Feb · PMID 41762285 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Potential associations between nutrient intake and mental disorders was suggested, but remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the associations between dietary nutrient intake and three major mental disorder...
BACKGROUND: Potential associations between nutrient intake and mental disorders was suggested, but remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the associations between dietary nutrient intake and three major mental disorders. METHODS: We analyzed 169,776 participants in the UK Biobank who had no prior diagnoses of depression, anxiety, or suicide from baseline (2006-2010) to 2020. Dietary intake was assessed via Oxford WebQ and adjusted using a nutrient residual model. As dietary data were self-reported, potential measurement error and recall bias may exist. Nutrient intake levels were categorized into tertiles. Mental disorder diagnoses were identified using the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10). Associations were examined using Cox proportional hazards models, with subgroup analyses by sex, body mass index and Townsend Deprivation Index. RESULTS: The median follow-up period was 10.4 years. Over the follow-up period, 6637 (3.91%) participants developed depression, 6160 (3.63%) developed anxiety, and 447 (0.26%) attempted suicide. Intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids, fat, protein, fibre and carbohydrate were significantly associated with mental disorders. For example, inversely association was observed in n-3 fatty acids (HR 0.880, 95% CI 0.829-0.935) with depression; vegetable protein with anxiety (HR 0.820, 95% CI 0.771-0.872), and fat with suicide (HR 0.705, 95% CI 0.559-0.889). Subgroup analyses indicated these associations were significant only in women; notably, higher n-3 fatty acids were associated with lower depression risk (HR 0.819, 95% CI 0.760-0.882), but not in men. CONCLUSION: Nutrient intake was associated with depression, anxiety, and suicide, highlighting its potential as a predictive tool or prevention in mental health.
Associations between food group intake and serum levels of selenium and other essential and toxic trace elements in adults.
Rivas I, Miranda M, Herrero-Latorre C … +2 more , Monte-Secades R, López-Alonso M
Eur J Nutr · 2026 Feb · PMID 41762280 · Full text
PURPOSE: To examine how the habitual consumption of major food groups is related to serum concentrations of essential and toxic trace elements in adults and to identify key dietary predictors of adequate status. METHODS:...
PURPOSE: To examine how the habitual consumption of major food groups is related to serum concentrations of essential and toxic trace elements in adults and to identify key dietary predictors of adequate status. METHODS: In this cross-sectional analysis, 465 healthy adults (Galicia, Spain; 2020–2022) completed a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire; foods were categorised in 13 groups. Fasting serum concentrations of 14 trace elements were measured by ICP-MS. Group differences across element tertiles (clinical categories for selenium) were compared using the Kruskal–Wallis test. Random Forest (RF) models were constructed to evaluate multivariate dietary predictors for each element. Age- and sex-adjusted logistic regression were used to identify food group predictors of adequate (> 90 µg/L) vs. non-adequate selenium. RESULTS: Seafood intake was positively associated with serum selenium concentrations and strongly tracked serum arsenic and mercury concentrations. Dairy, fruit and meat were also included in the RF models. Seafood ranked among the top three RF predictors for 13/14 elements; dairy ranked in all models. Logistic regression indicated higher odds of adequate selenium with greater seafood intake (OR 1.009; 95% CI 1.003–1.015; p = 0.007) and inverse associations with oil (OR 0.947; p = 0.018) and grains (OR 0.992; p = 0.036); positive trends in legume and nut consumption were identified. Individuals with adequate selenium reported consumption of ~ 4 fish servings/week. CONCLUSION: Integrating dietary and biomarker data revealed selenium to be the most vulnerable micronutrient. Promoting regular consumption of fish (and possibly nuts) while moderating high-oil/high-grain intake may enhance selenium without exceeding toxic metal reference limits.
Dietary behavior and its association with sleep-disordered breathing symptoms in Taiwanese children.
Chuang HH, Hu RS, Lin WN … +4 more , Hsin LJ, Fang TJ, Li HY, Lee LA
Eur J Nutr · 2026 Feb · PMID 41762266 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is highly prevalent in children and is associated with significant cognitive, metabolic, and quality-of-life (QOL) impairments. While obesity is a primary risk factor, the rol...
BACKGROUND: Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is highly prevalent in children and is associated with significant cognitive, metabolic, and quality-of-life (QOL) impairments. While obesity is a primary risk factor, the role of specific dietary behaviors as independent, modifiable contributors to SDB symptom severity remains underexplored. PURPOSE: We aimed to (1) examine the association between dietary intake and SDB symptom severity in children, and (2) develop and validate a dietary-based prediction model for moderate-to-severe SDB (msSDB). METHODS: This cross-sectional study analyzed baseline data from 406 children (aged 5.0-12.9 years) with and without SDB symptoms. Caregivers completed a validated 25-item Short Food Frequency Questionnaire to assess dietary intake. SDB symptom severity was measured using the obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)-18 questionnaire, with a total score ≥ 60 defining msSDB. Multivariable regression models were used to identify dietary associations. A dietary prediction score was developed and its performance assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, followed by external validation in a separate cohort (n = 24). RESULTS: Among 406 participants (mean [SD] age, 8.0 [2.1] years; 174 girls [42.9%]), 80 children (19.7%) had msSDB. Higher intake of orange juice, sweets, chocolate, rice, and processed meats was significantly associated with greater total OSA-18 scores and worse subscale scores across domains. Conversely, fish for dinner and savory snacks were inversely associated with symptom burden. A dietary prediction model demonstrated acceptable discrimination for msSDB (area under the ROC curve [AUC] = 0.78; 95% CI, 0.72-0.84). The model showed 79.6% accuracy, 56.3% sensitivity, and 85.3% specificity, with comparable performance in the validation cohort. CONCLUSIONS: Specific dietary behaviors are associated with SDB symptom severity in children. A simple dietary-based score can help identify children at risk for clinically significant SDB, supporting the investigation of dietary interventions in pediatric SDB management.
Food preparation skills and obesity risk in European children aged 6-9 years: a cross-sectional study using WHO COSI 2022-2024'.
Vaughan KL, Buoncristiano M, Williams J … +9 more , Duleva V, Hejgaard T, Susovits K, Abdrakhmanova S, Petrauskiene A, Racu MV, Spiroski I, Hetherington MM, Cade JE
Eur J Nutr · 2026 Feb · PMID 41762259 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Preparing meals from raw ingredients has been linked to healthier diets, while developing cooking skills in childhood may foster lifelong healthy eating habits. In its 6th round (2021–2023), the World Health...
BACKGROUND: Preparing meals from raw ingredients has been linked to healthier diets, while developing cooking skills in childhood may foster lifelong healthy eating habits. In its 6th round (2021–2023), the World Health Organization (WHO) European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI) added questions regarding food preparation skills. METHODS: Data from 19,736 participants across eight countries were analysed. Multilevel linear regression models examined the relationship between food preparation skills practiced at home and school and daily vegetable intake, accounting for individuals nested within schools. Logistic regression was used to assess associations between experience of these skills and obesity risk. Minimally adjusted models included random intercepts for schools, while fully adjusted models also controlled for child sex and mother’s education level. RESULTS: Increased experience of food preparation skills at home was associated with a small increase in daily fruit and vegetable intake; each one-point increment on the skills scale corresponded to a 0.09-point rise on a 5-point ordinal measure. Overall, food preparation experience at home was associated with a marginally higher odds of having obesity (OR = 1.02, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.03). Notably, experience of peeling skills was associated with lower odds of having obesity (OR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.82, 0.86). Additionally, significant sex differences were observed: girls were more likely than boys to engage in tasks such as washing, mashing, peeling, and chopping, whereas boys more frequently reported involvement in weighing and measuring. CONCLUSION: Experience of food preparation skills, especially those practiced at home, is modestly associated with increased dietary intake of fruit and vegetables. Although most food preparation skills were associated with a slight increase in obesity risk, experience of peeling was linked to a 15% reduced risk. The observed sex differences in food preparation skills underline the need for targeted educational strategies. Further prospective research is needed to determine whether promoting specific food preparation skills could support healthy dietary behaviours and weight in children. STUDY REGISTRATION: Open Science Framework https://osf.io/nfd6m/ prospective registration on 12th December 2024.
Association between dietary fiber intake and bone mineral density: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.
Pang Y, Chen Z, Ju Y … +11 more , Yang B, Hou J, Zheng S, Li Z, Liu T, Xia H, Xia M, Zhong Y, Li J, Li Z, Jiang X
Eur J Nutr · 2026 Feb · PMID 41739242 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Although prior studies have linked dietary fiber to bone mineral density (BMD), the currently available evidences remain inconsistent and there is a lack of synthesis. This systematic review and meta-analysis...
BACKGROUND: Although prior studies have linked dietary fiber to bone mineral density (BMD), the currently available evidences remain inconsistent and there is a lack of synthesis. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to comprehensively examine the association between dietary fiber intake and BMD in adults. METHODS: We systematically searched the PubMed, Ovid, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect for studies evaluating the association between dietary fiber and BMD, from 2000 to January 2025. Two authors independently extracted data and assessed the risk of bias using the NOS and the AHRQ for observational cohort and cross-sectional Studies. Pooled [Formula: see text]-coefficients values and their corresponding 95%CIs were calculated using a random-effects model. Subgroup analyses were performed to explore potential sources of heterogeneity. RESULTS: After a systematic search, 6 articles were included involving 7 studies. Meta-analyses included 4 cross-sectional studies with 229,339 individuals, while 2 cohort studies involving 3174 individuals and 1 cross-sectional study involving 9871 individuals were reviewed qualitatively. Overall results indicated that individuals with higher dietary fiber intake exhibited significantly higher BMD levels ([Formula: see text] = 0.013, 95%CI = 0.011–0.015, [Formula: see text] < 0.01; [Formula: see text] = 0.00; [Formula: see text] = 0.00%; [Formula: see text] = 0.86). Leave-one-out sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of findings. Subgroup analyses revealed region as the source of heterogeneity. No evidence of publication bias was detected. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that higher dietary fiber consumption is significantly associated with higher BMD, particularly among males and populations outside Europe and America. Large-scale prospective cohort studies are needed to validate our findings.
In vitro digestion of custard apple pulp: bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds, bioactive amines, and effect on antioxidant potential.
Todescato AP, de Oliveira PF, Ávila PF … +4 more , do Vale-Oliveira M, Custódio FB, Gloria MBA, Dala-Paula BM
Eur J Nutr · 2026 Feb · PMID 41739233 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Annona squamosa L. (custard apple) is a tropical fruit of the Annonaceae family whose biological effects depend on the presence and gastrointestinal bioaccessibility of bioactive compounds. OBJECTIVE: To eval...
BACKGROUND: Annona squamosa L. (custard apple) is a tropical fruit of the Annonaceae family whose biological effects depend on the presence and gastrointestinal bioaccessibility of bioactive compounds. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds and biogenic amines and to assess the effect of in vitro digestion on the antioxidant potential of custard apple pulp (CAP) using the INFOGEST protocol. METHODS: CAP was analysed for total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant potential using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assays. Individual phenolic compounds and biogenic amines were identified and quantified by chromatographic methods. An in vitro gastrointestinal digestion (INFOGEST) model was applied to determine antioxidant potential after digestion and the bioaccessibility index (BI) of target compounds. RESULTS: CAP contained 5.51 mg GAE/g total phenolics and 3.39 mg CE/g flavonoids, with antioxidant values of 21.94 µmol TE/g (DPPH) and 29.09 µmol TE/g (ABTS). Four phenolics were detected in undigested CAP: ferulic acid (9.36 µg/g), quercetin (4.84 µg/g), gallic acid (0.57 µg/g), and caffeic acid (0.47 µg/g). Among nine amines analysed, only putrescine (15.78 mg/kg) and spermidine (7.31 mg/kg) were present. After digestion, antioxidant potential decreased by 53 % (DPPH) and 29 % (ABTS). BI values were 58 % for total phenolics and 53 % for flavonoids; putrescine and spermidine showed BI of 67 % and 46 %, respectively. Myricetin and rutin were detected only in digested fractions. CONCLUSION: Custard apple pulp contains phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and the biogenic amines putrescine and spermidine that remain bioaccessible after in vitro digestion, despite reductions in antioxidant potential. The detection of myricetin and rutin only in digested fractions indicates digestion-related transformations and interactions between the digestive medium and the CAP matrix. These findings support further investigation of CAP as a source of bioactive compounds for nutraceutical, food, and pharmaceutical applications.
Validation of the food compass score through 24 h recalls and measurement of erythrocyte fatty acids in a mediterranean population.
Detopoulou P, Yannakoulia M, Fragopoulou E … +3 more , Kalogeropoulos N, Nomikos T, Antonopoulou S
Eur J Nutr · 2026 Feb · PMID 41739225 · Full text
PURPOSE: The Food Compass Score (FCS) is a newly introduced Nutrient Profiling System for assessing overall diet quality. Its validation against dietary intake and objective biomarkers is limited. This study aimed to val...
PURPOSE: The Food Compass Score (FCS) is a newly introduced Nutrient Profiling System for assessing overall diet quality. Its validation against dietary intake and objective biomarkers is limited. This study aimed to validate the FCS using 24-hour recalls, erythrocyte fatty acids, a long-term biomarker of fatty acids intake, and MedDietScore as a healthiness index. METHODS: Apparently healthy subjects were recruited. Two 24 h-recalls and a food-frequency questionnaire were administered. Erythrocyte fatty acids were determined by gas chromatography. Energy adjusted Spearman correlations were performed. In addition, simple and age/sex/BMI adjusted linear regression models were applied with FCS as dependent and energy-adjusted nutrients or biomarkers as independent variables. RESULTS: One hundred and six subjects (48 men, 44 ± 13 years; 58 women, 44 ± 14 years) participated. The mean FCS of the study participants was 55.9 ± 9.5. In fully adjusted models the FCS was positively associated with % monounsaturated fatty acids (% of total energy intake) (B = 0.401, 95% CI:0.170–0.632, p = 0.001), % fat (% of total energy intake) (B = 0.230, 95% CI:0.036–0.425, p = 0.02), vitamin C (B = 0.022, 95% CI:0.005–0.038, p = 0.01), ɑ-tocopherol (B = 0.427, 95% CI:0.0070–0.785, p = 0.02), vitamin K (B = 5.225, 95% CI:1.670–8.840, p = 0.005), potassium intakes (B = 0.002, 95% CI:0.0008–0.004, p = 0.04), and the MedDietScore (B = 0.805, 95% CI:0.473–1.137, p < 0.001). It was also negatively associated with % carbohydrate intake (% of total energy intake) (B = − 0.209, 95% CI: − 0.391 to − 0.027, p = 0.025). In addition, the FCS was associated with unsaturated/ SFA ratio, dietary fiber/carbohydrate ratio, and potassium/sodium ratio after adjustment for age, sex, BMI and energy intake. The FCS was positively associated with the % erythrocyte EPA (B = 13.814, 95% CI:5.632–21.996, p = 0.001), DHA (B = 1.769, 95% CI:0.332–3.205, p = 0.01), omega-3 fatty acids (B = 1.380, 95% CI:0.333–2.428, p = 0.01) and the omega-3 index (B = 1.581, 95% CI: 0.358–2.805, p = 0.01). CONCLUSION: The correlations of the FCS with the MedDietScore, nutrients and erythrocyte fatty acids investigated suggest that FCS is a valid index encouraging its use for clinical and consumer guidance.
Effect of vitamin C and hesperidin on serum uric acid concentrations in healthy adults with high uric acid levels: the randomized controlled 'HesperidrinC trial'.
Enderle J, Dörner R, Tondar D … +6 more , Hasler M, Gilcher C, Steingass CB, Schweiggert R, Müller MJ, Bosy-Westphal A
Eur J Nutr · 2026 Feb · PMID 41739218 · Full text
PURPOSE: While orange juice has been reported to decrease serum uric acid (SUA), the effects of the specific constituents hesperidin and vitamin C are not fully understood. The present study aimed to unravel their possib...
PURPOSE: While orange juice has been reported to decrease serum uric acid (SUA), the effects of the specific constituents hesperidin and vitamin C are not fully understood. The present study aimed to unravel their possible SUA-lowering effects. METHODS: In a randomized controlled, double-blind, two-way cross-over, two-week intervention, the effects of four orange-flavored drinks (200 mL/d) on SUA (primary outcome) were compared in 40 adults (21–78 y; BMI 17.9–41.4 kg/m2) with high SUA. One drink was a placebo; the others contained 600 mg vitamin C (VitC), 240 mg hesperidin (Hesp), or both (VitC+Hesp). Blood and urine concentrations of uric acid, vitamin C, and hesperidin metabolites were measured, along with the HOMA index as a potential confounder. RESULTS: VitC increased plasma vitamin C levels, Hesp increased urinary excretion of hesperidin metabolites, and VitC+Hesp increased both. Higher baseline plasma vitamin C levels resulted in diminished increases in vitamin C (VitC: r = -0.53; p = 0.02 and VitC+Hesp: r = -0.79; p < 0.001). Levels of SUA decreased in response to VitC and VitC+Hesp with no changes in urinary uric acid excretion (UUA) or clearance (UAC). The increase in plasma vitamin C was associated with a decrease in SUA (r = -0.25; p < 0.03) with larger effects at higher baseline SUA (r = -0.24; p = 0.03). A high HOMA index was associated with lower plasma vitamin C and elevated SUA. CONCLUSION: Vitamin C but not hesperidin decreased serum uric acid levels without affecting uric acid excretion. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION: www.clinicaltrials.gov ; NCT04316390; July 15, 2022.
Ultra-processed food intake and cognitive decline in older adults.
Buis C, Nicolaou M, Visser M … +2 more , Olthof MR, Wijnhoven HAH
Eur J Nutr · 2026 Feb · PMID 41711995 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Global ultra-processed foods (UPFs) intake has increased. While several studies have linked the intake of specific UPF products to cognitive decline, fewer have investigated overall dietary UPF intake, with c...
BACKGROUND: Global ultra-processed foods (UPFs) intake has increased. While several studies have linked the intake of specific UPF products to cognitive decline, fewer have investigated overall dietary UPF intake, with conflicting results. OBJECTIVE: To examine the association of overall UPF intake with cognitive function and 10-y decline among Dutch older adults (≥ 55 years). METHODS: Data from 1371 participants of the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA) were used. Cognitive function was assessed four times between 2011/2012 and 2021/2022 using five tests covering global cognition (MMSE), information processing speed (Coding task), episodic memory (15-Word Test) and executive function (Word Fluency and Digit span). Dietary intake was measured in 2014/2015 with a validated food frequency questionnaire. Food items were classified as UPFs based on the NOVA classification. Total UPF intake was expressed as a percentage of total dietary intake in grams, and divided into quartiles (1.5– < 13.2%, 13.2– < 18.5%, 18.5– < 24.9% and 24.9–72.4%). Linear mixed models assessed associations between UPF intake quartiles and cognitive function and decline with age, while adjusting for potential confounders and testing for interaction with sex. RESULTS: On average, UPFs contributed 20.1% of total dietary intake in grams per day. No associations were found between UPF intake and cognitive function or decline with age for any of the cognitive domains. CONCLUSION: We found no evidence of an association between total UPF intake and cognitive function or decline with age in Dutch older adults.
Macronutrient intakes and associations with psoriasis severity: a cross-sectional analysis of the asking people with psoriasis about lifestyle and eating (APPLE) study.
Zanesco S, Maruthappu T, Griffiths CEM … +4 more , Zhang R, Dalrymple KV, Gibson R, Hall WL
Eur J Nutr · 2026 Feb · PMID 41711966 · Full text
PURPOSE: Nutrition in psoriasis management is an area of active research interest, but estimates of macronutrient intakes are lacking. The present study aimed to assess macronutrient intakes of people living with psorias...
PURPOSE: Nutrition in psoriasis management is an area of active research interest, but estimates of macronutrient intakes are lacking. The present study aimed to assess macronutrient intakes of people living with psoriasis in the UK and explore the relationship between their dietary sources and psoriasis severity. METHODS: This was an online cross-sectional study collecting diet and psoriasis severity information from adults with psoriasis. Responses to a Food Frequency Questionnaire and the self-assessed Simplified Psoriasis Index were used to determine nutrient intakes and psoriasis severity. RESULTS: Relative to Dietary Reference Values, participants with psoriasis (n = 257) reported an overconsumption of % energy from free sugars (median 11.2%, IQR 2.6–37.6) and an underconsumption of fibre (20.2 g/day, IQR 5.9–44.0). Compared to participants in the lowest quartile of intake, those in the highest quartile of intake for % free sugars from beverages were more likely to report high psoriasis severity (adjusted Odds Ratio (OR) 3.85, 95% CI 1.507–9.831, P trend = 0.04), although Body Mass Index (BMI) attenuated this relationship. When fully adjusted, including BMI, elevated intakes of % protein from total meat was associated with increased odds of reporting high psoriasis severity (OR 2.47, CI 0.984–6.196), whilst % protein intakes from plant-based sources (OR 0.36, 0.140–0.915) was inversely associated with reporting high disease severity; P trends ≤ 0.05. CONCLUSION: Prioritising plant-based foods may be beneficial to people living with psoriasis, but this hypothesis needs confirmation from randomised controlled trials.
Associations among family sociodemographic factors, breakfast habits, and weight status in preschool children and the mediating role of breakfast habits: the ToyBox-study.
Kotowska A, Kułaga Z, Socha P … +9 more , Iotova V, Galcheva S, Cardon G, De Craemer M, Androutsos O, Giménez-Legarre N, Koletzko B, Manios Y, ToyBox-study group
Eur J Nutr · 2026 Feb · PMID 41711919 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: To investigate the associations between children’s breakfast habits and sociodemographic factors with overweight in preschool children. METHODS: The analysis used data from 6451 European preschoolers and their p...
PURPOSE: To investigate the associations between children’s breakfast habits and sociodemographic factors with overweight in preschool children. METHODS: The analysis used data from 6451 European preschoolers and their parents participating in the ToyBox-study. Children’s weight and height were measured, and family sociodemographic data were collected using standardised questionnaires. International Obesity Task Force cut-off points were used to categorise children’s weight status. The associations between children’s breakfast habits, weight status and family sociodemographic characteristics were analysed using multiple logistic regression. In addition, mediation analysis was performed to test the hypothesis that children’s breakfast habits mediate the association of selected sociodemographic factors and weight status. RESULTS: Girls were more likely than boys to skip breakfast daily (16.7% vs 12.4%; p < 0.01) and were at a higher risk of being overweight (17.1% vs 12.4%; p < 0.01). Children whose mothers’ years of education were more than 14 years were more likely to consume breakfast daily (OR 1.46 (95% CI 1.20; 1.78)) and less likely to be overweight (0.73 (95% CI 0.60; 0.88)) compared to children of mothers with lower levels of education. Girls (1.48 (95% CI 1.26; 1.73)) and children whose mother (1.71 (95% CI 1.44; 2.02)) or father (1.78 (95% CI 1.49; 2.14)) was overweight were more likely to be overweight. After adjusting for confounding factors, no mediation of preschool children’s breakfast habits was found in the association between family sociodemographic factors and children’s weight status. CONCLUSION: The lower likelihood of being overweight among children aged 3.5–5.5 was associated with medium and high mothers’ education and non-overweight parents. CLINICAL TRIAL AND STUDY REGISTRATION: The ToyBox-study is registered with the clinical trials registry: clinicaltrials.gov, ID: NCT02116296; 2014-04-15.
Disparities in fatigue levels and dietary habits between men and women with inflammatory bowel disease: a comparative analysis with a control cohort.
Pueschel L, Wedemeyer H, Lenzen H … +1 more , Wiestler M
Eur J Nutr · 2026 Feb · PMID 41697420 · Full text
PURPOSE: There is a paucity of research on sex differences in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), particularly in relation to diet and fatigue. METHODS: This is a subanalysis of a monocentric cross-sectional study that was...
PURPOSE: There is a paucity of research on sex differences in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), particularly in relation to diet and fatigue. METHODS: This is a subanalysis of a monocentric cross-sectional study that was performed at a tertiary referral center, with the study population comprising individuals diagnosed with IBD (n = 233) and a control cohort (CC; n = 96). RESULTS: The mean FACIT sum scores were found to be significantly lower for individuals with IBD compared to CC (p = 0.005; g = 0.3). Additionally, women with IBD had significantly lower scores compared to men with IBD (25 to 29; p = 0.009; g = − 0.3). This trend was further supported by the observation of stronger declines in quality of life and food-related quality of life in women with IBD (p < 0.001; g = − 0.8; and p = 0.004; g = 0.6). Additionally, objective parameters of IBD activity (fecal calprotectin) and inflammation (C-reactive protein [CRP]) exhibited significant differences between fatigue levels in women with IBD (p = 0.003; g = − 0.4; and p = 0.034; g = − 0.3). The comparative cohort analysis revealed a prevailing trend of suboptimal dietary habits among men with IBD and women, both with and without fatigue, when contrasted with the control cohort. Detailed analysis of dietary patterns in relation to fatigue revealed discernible trends especially in men with IBD indicating a more adaptive pattern. CONCLUSION: This thorough analysis sheds further light on the complex interplay between dietary habits, psychosocial factors and fatigue in individuals with IBD, with a particular focus on sex-specific aspects.
Replacing meat and dairy with plant-based alternatives in the Netherlands: trade-offs in environmental impacts and critical nutrient intake.
Zhu Y, Politiek ACL, de Vet E … +1 more , Ocké MC
Eur J Nutr · 2026 Feb · PMID 41697413 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Plant-based protein sources are promoted as more sustainable alternatives to animal-based protein sources. The Dutch policy aims for 50% of dietary protein to come from plants, yet comprehensive evidence on t...
BACKGROUND: Plant-based protein sources are promoted as more sustainable alternatives to animal-based protein sources. The Dutch policy aims for 50% of dietary protein to come from plants, yet comprehensive evidence on the environmental and nutritional impacts of this transition is limited. We examined these impacts in the Dutch diet. METHODS: Dietary intake data from Dutch adults (18–65 years) in the 2019–2021 National Food Consumption Survey served as the reference diet, derived separately for men (n = 585) and women (n = 600). Four replacement scenarios—“no meat and dairy”, “no meat”, “half meat”, and “no red meat”—were modeled by partially or completely substituting meat and/or dairy with plant-based alternatives, using weight- and energy-based replacements. Environmental impacts (greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), land use, water footprint) and 13 macro- and micro-nutrients status were assessed. RESULTS: Replacement scenarios reduced GHG (11.3–39.3%) and land use (7.6–17.9%) but increased water footprint (3.6–60.2%). The 'half meat' scenario met the Dutch 50% plant-based protein target for both sexes while largely preserving nutrient intakes and adequacy, with only a slight increase in vitamin B6 inadequacy in women. All other scenarios had a more negative nutritional impact; for example, the “no meat” and “no red meat” scenarios increased the risk of vitamin B12 and B6 inadequacy and reduced total protein and saturated fat intake. Weight- and energy-based replacements yielded similar results. CONCLUSIONS: Replacing animal-based protein sources with plant-based alternatives reduces environmental impact, except for the water footprint. A 50% meat substitution while maintaining dairy intake generally preserves population-level nutrient adequacy.
Magnesium supplements, sleep quality, and nocturnal leg cramps: a combination of cross-sectional and prospective studies.
Stadie N, Heinzer R, Marques-Vidal P
Eur J Nutr · 2026 Feb · PMID 41697399 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: Many individuals turn to supplements like magnesium, believing them to offer a natural way to improve sleep quality. Yet, research on magnesium’s effects has produced inconsistent results. We assessed the relati...
PURPOSE: Many individuals turn to supplements like magnesium, believing them to offer a natural way to improve sleep quality. Yet, research on magnesium’s effects has produced inconsistent results. We assessed the relationships between magnesium supplementation and subjective/ or objective sleep parameters, including night cramps. METHODS: Data from three follow-ups of the population based CoLaus|PsyColaus cohort: 2009–12 (first), 2014–17 (second), and 2018–21 (third). Magnesium supplement use was self-reported, and participants were categorized either as users or non-users. Subjective sleep parameters were measured through questionnaires, and objective sleep parameters with polysomnography. The researchers computed a polygenic risk score (PRS) including five single nucleotide polymorphisms related to magnesium levels. RESULTS: The number and characteristics of the participants in the first, second, and third follow-ups were 3887 (52.6% women, 57.2 ± 10.4 years, 4.5% magnesium users), 1916 (49.7% women, 60.8 ± 9.4 years, 7.9% users), and 1561 (51.2% women, 63.1 ± 8.9 years, 7.5% users), respectively. The multivariable-adjusted analyses indicated that magnesium users had a higher likelihood of experiencing night cramps or restless leg syndrome, with a trend towards poorer sleep quality. Multivariable-adjusted analyses revealed no significant differences between participants with and without cramps regarding polysomnography results or magnesium PRS. The prospective analyses demonstrated that participants taking magnesium supplements at baseline had a higher incidence of night cramps. The incidence of restless leg syndrome did not differ between users and non-users. CONCLUSION: We found no consistent association between magnesium supplementation and subjective or objective sleep parameters or restless leg syndrome. Magnesium supplementation did not prevent night cramps.
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