Cont Lens Anterior Eye [JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Evaluation of large language models for providing educational information in orthokeratology care.
Huang Y, Shi R, Chen C … +4 more , Zhou X, Zhou X, Hong J, Chen Z
Cont Lens Anterior Eye · 2025 Jun · PMID 39939269 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Large language models (LLMs) are gaining popularity in solving ophthalmic problems. However, their efficacy in patient education regarding orthokeratology, one of the main myopia control strategies, has yet t...
BACKGROUND: Large language models (LLMs) are gaining popularity in solving ophthalmic problems. However, their efficacy in patient education regarding orthokeratology, one of the main myopia control strategies, has yet to be determined. METHODS: This cross-sectional study established a question bank consisting of 24 orthokeratology-related questions used as queries for GTP-4, Qwen-72B, and Yi-34B to prompt responses in Chinese. Objective evaluations were conducted using an online platform. Subjective evaluations including correctness, relevance, readability, applicability, safety, clarity, helpfulness, and satisfaction were performed by experienced ophthalmologists and parents of myopic children using a 5-point Likert scale. The overall standardized scores were also calculated. RESULTS: The word count of the responses from Qwen-72B (199.42 ± 76.82) was the lowest (P < 0.001), with no significant differences in recommended age among the LLMs. GPT-4 (3.79 ± 1.03) scored lower in readability than Yi-34B (4.65 ± 0.51) and Qwen-72B (4.65 ± 0.61) (P < 0.001). No significant differences in safety, relevance, correctness, and applicability were observed across the three LLMs. Parental evaluations rated all LLMs an average score exceeding 4.7 points, with GPT-4 outperforming the others in helpfulness (P = 0.004) and satisfaction (P = 0.016). Qwen-72B's overall standardized scores surpassed those of the other two LLMs (P = 0.048). CONCLUSIONS: GPT-4 and the Chinese LLM Qwen-72B produced accurate and beneficial responses to inquiries on orthokeratology. Further enhancement to bolster precision is essential, particularly within diverse linguistic contexts.
Assessing scleral toricity induced lens flexure and contact disparity using anterior segment optical coherence tomography.
Eltantawy E
Cont Lens Anterior Eye · 2025 Jun · PMID 39934068 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: To determine the influence of scleral toricity on the extent of lens contact and in-vivo flexure using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT), and to identify variables related to lens decentrati...
PURPOSE: To determine the influence of scleral toricity on the extent of lens contact and in-vivo flexure using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT), and to identify variables related to lens decentration. METHODS: Scleral toricity at a chord of 15 mm was measured using Pentacam corneoscleral profilometry (CSP) from 10 healthy young participants (22 ± 2 years) with normal corneas. Participants were fitted with the same 16.0 mm rotationally symmetric scleral lens design (hexafocon A material). AS-OCT was used in conjunction with ImageJ analysis to document the disparity of lens contact at the 15 mm chord primary toric meridians and to assess lens flexure. Additionally, central fluid reservoir (FR) depth and lens decentration were measured. RESULTS: A significant correlation was found between scleral toricity (mean 155 ± 95 μm) and both the magnitude of lens flexure, and the disparity in lens contact between the scleral primary toric meridians at the 15 mm chord diameter (r = 0.83, p = 0.003 and r = 0.83, p = 0.005 respectively). Mean lens decentration values were 0.30 ± 0.18 mm inferior-temporal net decentration, 0.26 ± 0.16 mm inferior decentration and 0.13 ± 0.1 mm temporal decentration. This was significantly associated with central FR depth (r = 0.91, p = 0.0005 and r = 0.73, p = 0.02 and r = 0.71, p = 0.03 respectively). No significant correlation was found between lens decentration and scleral toricity (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Scleral toricity was significantly associated with AS-OCT measured lens flexure and contact disparity at primary toric landing locations defined by profilometry. Reducing central FR depth appears to be a good strategy for improved lens centration. Whilst equalising lens contact along toric meridians is beneficial for addressing lens flexure, the influence of this on centration is less clear.
Designing a contact lens with atropine base using a microemulsion technique.
Aziz MA, Maulvi F, Desai DT … +5 more , Kuppusamy R, Mazumder K, Hui A, Stapleton F, Willcox M
Cont Lens Anterior Eye · 2025 Jun · PMID 39929758 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: Myopia or near-sightedness is a global vision problem. Atropine eye drops and myopia-controlling contact lenses can help to slow down its progression, but neither is sufficient alone. The present research work w...
PURPOSE: Myopia or near-sightedness is a global vision problem. Atropine eye drops and myopia-controlling contact lenses can help to slow down its progression, but neither is sufficient alone. The present research work was conducted to design a contact lens embedded with an atropine base within a microemulsion system. The goal was to improve the stability of atropine base and facilitate its release from the lens, preventing the rapid clearance observed with atropine eye drops. METHODS: Two microemulsions, one with a pH of 7.4 and the other with a pH of 6.5, were developed using the surfactant D-alpha-tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS), the co-surfactant polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400), the emulsifier Capmul MCM C8, atropine base, and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). The microemulsions were kept at room temperature (21 °C) and the amount of the atropine base in microemulsions were checked periodically over one year using reverse-phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RPHPLC) to determine its stability. The globule size of the formulations was measured using a zetasizer. MiSight contact lenses were soaked in the atropine base microemulsion formulations for 24 h, and the amount of atropine base loaded into contact lenses and released in PBS was measured by a RPHPLC. ISO 10993-5 guidelines were used to measure the in vitro cytotoxicity of atropine base loaded contact lenses. RESULTS: The atropine base was more stable in the microemulsion at pH 6.5 (ME 6.5) with less than 4 % degradation, compared to a 10 % degradation at pH 7.4 (ME 7.4). The globule sizes of the microemulsions ranged between 17-21 nm. MiSight lenses absorbed4.25 ± 1.67 µg atropine base from ME 6.5, with the majority of the atropine base (3.52 ± 0.03 µg) released within 2 h. However, elutes from atropine base loaded contact lenses were toxic to human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs), reducing cell viability to less than 5 % after 24 h. CONCLUSIONS: While the microemulsions were stable and the contact lenses released sufficient amounts of atropine base, future studies are needed to address the toxicity issue.
Response to the Letter to the Editor.
Arvind A, Nanjappa R, Gupta KK … +2 more , Macedo-de-Araújo RJ, Fadel D
Cont Lens Anterior Eye · 2025 Apr · PMID 39915135 · Publisher ↗
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
Development and Initial Validation of the MCL-PRO-CAT: A computerized adaptive test designed to measure multifocal contact lens performance from the patient's perspective.
Albero-Ros E, Lorente-Velázquez A, Madrid-Costa D … +1 more , González-Pérez M
Cont Lens Anterior Eye · 2025 Jun · PMID 39893061 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: To create a valid and reliable computer-adaptive testing (CAT) tool for assessing Multifocal Contact Lens (MCL) performance in presbyopic individuals, ensuring high precision. The self-administered tool will ini...
PURPOSE: To create a valid and reliable computer-adaptive testing (CAT) tool for assessing Multifocal Contact Lens (MCL) performance in presbyopic individuals, ensuring high precision. The self-administered tool will initially be accessible online in Spanish. METHODS: Five steps were followed for the correct development of the instruments: item bank development, item refinement phase, item response theory calibration of the refined item bank, CAT simulations and design, and an initial validation study. A total of 1163 presbyopic patients were involved in the over-all study. Convergent validity was assessed by comparing results to the CLDQ-8 questionnaire, and repeatability assessment was performed two weeks after the initial completion. RESULTS: The final item bank consisted of 108 items assessing various relevant domains for MCL performance evaluation. The calibration study showed a person separation index of 4.69 and a reliability of 0.96 along with a measurement precision of 0.27. The final CAT distinguished between 16 levels of MCL performance by presenting an average of 10.61 ± 1.00 items per patient, with an average completion time of 3:04 ± 1:24 min. Signs of convergent validity showed a correlation of 0.73 and repeatability was assessed showing an intraclass Correlation Coefficient of 0.881 with a 95% Confidence Interval 0,815-0,924, and Limits of Agreement of ± 1.07. CONCLUSION: The MCL-PRO-CAT is a groundbreaking tool for evaluating MCL performance in presbyopic individuals. With automated scoring and fewer items, it was feasible, valid, and precise, enhancing clinical practicality.
Does orthokeratology contact lens wear suppress the immune cell response in the human corneal epithelium, while soft contact lens wear enhances it?
Mobeen R, Stapleton F, Chao C … +3 more , Swarbrick H, Naduvilath T, Golebiowski B
Cont Lens Anterior Eye · 2025 Jun · PMID 39884954 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Orthokeratology (OK) contact lenses are increasingly prescribed for myopia control but their impact on corneal epithelial immune cells (CEIC) is unclear. This study compares CEIC in OK wearers to soft contact...
BACKGROUND: Orthokeratology (OK) contact lenses are increasingly prescribed for myopia control but their impact on corneal epithelial immune cells (CEIC) is unclear. This study compares CEIC in OK wearers to soft contact lens (SCL) wearers and non-wearers. METHODS: In vivo confocal microscope images at the corneal central and mid-peripheral subbasal level were evaluated in 18 OK wearers, 18 SCL wearers and 18 non-wearers (mean age 27.6±8.0 years; 65% female). Corneal epithelial immune cell density was manually quantified and morphology was graded using a published system. Statistical significances (p<0.05) were examined using generalised estimating equations. RESULTS: Corneal epithelial immune cell density in OK wearers was lower than in SCL wearers (p=0.03) at the central cornea, but not at the mid-periphery. Compared to SCL wearers, OK wearers had smaller cell bodies, with fewer participants displaying CEIC with dendrites, long and thick dendrites at both corneal locations (p<0.001). Orthokeratology wearers also had smaller CEIC bodies (p=0.01) and fewer participants had CEIC with dendrites (p=0.01) than non-wearers at both locations. Contrarily, SCL wearers had larger CEIC bodies, with a greater proportion of SCL wearers displaying CEIC with dendrites, long and thick dendrites compared to non-wearers (p≤0.04) at both locations. Corneal epithelial immune cell density was higher at the central cornea than at mid-periphery in SCL wearers (p<0.001) and non-wearers (p=0.01), but not in OK wearers (p=0.26). CONCLUSIONS: In long-term OK lens wear, immune cells observed in the corneal epithelium are fewer in number and are less likely to present with dendrites, suggesting a suppressed CEIC response in OK lens wear which should be investigated further.
Contact lenses for visual rehabilitation in post-keratoplasty eyes: A systematic review.
Khosravi Mirzaei S, Feizi S, Hatami F … +2 more , Hatami F, Moshtaghion SM
Cont Lens Anterior Eye · 2025 Jun · PMID 39875311 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: To evaluate the role of contact lenses (CLs) in visual rehabilitation following keratoplasty. METHODS: Four databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase were systematically searched for studie...
PURPOSE: To evaluate the role of contact lenses (CLs) in visual rehabilitation following keratoplasty. METHODS: Four databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase were systematically searched for studies published between January 2010 and July 2023. Visual outcomes, daily wearing duration, subjective comfort, rate and etiology of CL discontinuation, corneal endothelial cell density, central corneal thickness, and complications were extracted. RESULTS: This review included thirteen case series and two chart reviews, analyzing a total of 464 eyes, of which 97% underwent penetrating keratoplasty. Scleral CLs were the most frequently fitted lens (285 eyes, 61%). All studies reported a significant improvement in visual acuity with CL correction. Most post-keratoplasty patients could wear CLs comfortably for 8 to 12 h/day. The rate of CL dropout ranged from 0% to 39%, mainly due to CL intolerance, discomfort, and graft rejection. Corneal graft rejection (18 eyes), conjunctival hyperemia (8 eyes), corneal epithelial trauma (5 eyes), graft edema (4 eyes), and microbial keratitis (3 eyes) were the most frequently reported complications. CONCLUSION: CLs are effective for improving visual acuity following keratoplasty, with minor complications depending on the type of CL.
Interocular astigmatic symmetry: A systematic review.
Salvador-Roger R, Micó V, Esteve-Taboada JJ
Cont Lens Anterior Eye · 2025 Jun · PMID 39837757 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: The objective of this investigation was to consolidate the extant data pertaining to interocular astigmatic symmetry, with a view to discerning any patterns that may emerge from the research. METHODS: A systemat...
PURPOSE: The objective of this investigation was to consolidate the extant data pertaining to interocular astigmatic symmetry, with a view to discerning any patterns that may emerge from the research. METHODS: A systematic literature review was conducted in accordance with the PICO framework. The search, conducted through September 2024, included three databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus) and the reference list of the selected articles, which were identified from inception. The articles were selected based on the inclusion criteria of population-based studies with data on interocular astigmatic symmetry. RESULTS: A total of 65 articles were retrieved, of which 13 met the inclusion criteria. The thirteen studies included a total of 329,747 subjects from ten different countries. The prevalence of interocular astigmatic symmetry according to axis orientation was isorule in most of the articles (i.e., both eyes having the same pattern: with-the-rule astigmatism, against-the-rule astigmatism, or oblique astigmatism), except for those pertaining to the geriatric population. Regarding the classification according to axis orientation, mirror symmetry was demonstrated to be the most prevalent pattern in interocular astigmatism. Genetic and individual factors, such as age, sex, and refractive error, did not exhibit a discernible influence on interocular astigmatic symmetry. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study indicated a clear trend through the isorule pattern and mirror symmetry in a population.
Comparison of two-year myopia control efficacy between spectacle lenses with highly aspherical lenslets and orthokeratology lenses.
Liu Q, Chen Y, Feng Y … +3 more , Zhang S, Mao X, Xu J
Cont Lens Anterior Eye · 2025 Jun · PMID 39824729 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: To compare the two-year efficacy of spectacle lenses with highly aspherical lenslets (HAL) and orthokeratology (OK) lenses in managing myopia in children. METHODS: This retrospective study examined medical recor...
PURPOSE: To compare the two-year efficacy of spectacle lenses with highly aspherical lenslets (HAL) and orthokeratology (OK) lenses in managing myopia in children. METHODS: This retrospective study examined medical records from the Affiliated Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, involving 1683 HAL users and 1192 OK users. Participants were children aged 8-13 with a refractive error of -0.50 to -6.00 D. They were divided by age into younger (8-10 years) and older (11-13 years) groups and further divided into low myopia (-0.50 to -3.00 D) and moderate myopia (<-3.00 to -6.00 D) subgroups. The participants were included in either the 1-year or 2-year follow-up group based on the length of their follow-up records. The change in axial length (AL) was compared between the HAL and OK groups using t-tests and multiple linear regression analysis. RESULTS: In the younger group, HALs yielded significantly slower AL elongation than did the OK lenses at both the 1-year (HAL: 0.16 ± 0.19 mm; OK: 0.22 ± 0.17 mm; p < 0.001) and 2-year follow-ups (HAL: 0.32 ± 0.27 mm; OK: 0.37 ± 0.24 mm; p = 0.009). In the older group, the AL changes did not significantly differ by lens at the 1-year (p = 0.782) or 2-year (p = 0.239) follow-up. Among the low myopia subgroup, the HAL users consistently exhibited smaller AL changes than did the OK users across all follow-ups (p < 0.05), except at the 2-year follow-up in the olders (p = 0.414). For the moderate myopia subgroup, the OK lenses yielded significantly slower AL changes at the 2-year follow-up (younger: p = 0.013; older: p = 0.01), although no significant differences were found at the 1-year follow-up (younger: p = 0.635; older: adjusted: p = 0.143). CONCLUSIONS: HALs are significantly more effective than OK lenses in controlling AL elongation in younger children with low myopia, while both treatments show similar effectiveness in older children. For moderate myopia, OK lenses are preferred for superior long-term control.
Letter to the editor RE "Lid wiper epitheliopathy: Topical review of current identification strategies and future perspectives".
Vianya-Estopa M, Lievens C, Norgett Y
Cont Lens Anterior Eye · 2025 Apr · PMID 39805720 · Publisher ↗
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
Blink completeness and rate in dry eye disease: An investigator-masked, prospective registry-based, cross-sectional, prognostic study.
Wang MTM, Power B, Xue AL … +1 more , Craig JP
Cont Lens Anterior Eye · 2025 Jun · PMID 39799007 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: To investigate the prognostic ability of blink rate and the proportion of incomplete blinking to predict dry eye disease diagnosis, as defined by the TFOS DEWS II criteria. METHODS: A total of 453 community resi...
PURPOSE: To investigate the prognostic ability of blink rate and the proportion of incomplete blinking to predict dry eye disease diagnosis, as defined by the TFOS DEWS II criteria. METHODS: A total of 453 community residents (282 females, 171 males; mean ± SD age, 37 ± 19 years) were recruited in an investigator-masked, prospective registry-based, cross-sectional, prognostic study. Dry eye symptomology, tear film quality, and ocular surface characteristics were assessed in a single clinical session, and blink parameters evaluated by an independent masked observer. RESULTS: Overall, 214 (47 %) participants fulfilled the TFOS DEWS II criteria for dry eye disease. Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that an increased proportion of incomplete blinking was associated with a higher odds of dry eye disease (odds ratio, 1.12 per 10 % increase; 95 % CI, 1.05-1.19; p < 0.001), with the Youden-optimal prognostic threshold proportion being ≥ 40 % incomplete blinking. Higher levels of incomplete blinking were also associated with poorer dry eye symptomology, tear film stability, corneal and lid margin staining, lipid layer thickness, meibography, and meibum quality (all p ≤ 0.03). No significant associations were detected between blink rate and ocular surface parameters (all p > 0.10). CONCLUSIONS: The degree of incomplete blinking is a significant predictor of dry eye disease, and the utility of incorporating blink assessment into diagnostic workup algorithms warrants further investigation. The association with meibomian gland dropout, expressed meibum quality, and lipid layer thickness would suggest that incomplete blinking may predispose towards the development of meibomian gland dysfunction.
Translation and validation of the 8-item contact lens dry eye questionnaire (CLDEQ-8) among Chinese soft contact lens wearers.
Gao J, Lai Z, Hu Y … +1 more , Yang X
Cont Lens Anterior Eye · 2025 Jun · PMID 39799006 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: To develop a Chinese version of the 8-item Contact Lens Dry Eye Questionnaire (CLDEQ-8) with cross-cultural adaption and clinical validation among soft contact lens wearers (SCL) in China. METHODS: The translati...
PURPOSE: To develop a Chinese version of the 8-item Contact Lens Dry Eye Questionnaire (CLDEQ-8) with cross-cultural adaption and clinical validation among soft contact lens wearers (SCL) in China. METHODS: The translation and adaptation of the Chinese CLDEQ-8 (C-CLDEQ-8) followed a rigorous methodological process based on cross-cultural research guidelines consisting of three main phases: 1) forward and backward translation of original CLDEQ-8 into Chinese, 2) cross-cultural adaptation performed by medical advising committee, and 3) clinical validation and repeatability test of the translated questionnaire on Chinese SCL wearers. Rasch analysis was also performed to investigate the psychometric properties of C-CLDEQ-8. RESULTS: 134 experienced SCL wearers aged 18-45 completed the C-CLDEQ-8. C-CLDEQ-8 score was linearly related to the overall opinion of SCLs (beta = 2.16, p = 0.002), gestalt eye dryness response (beta = 2.90, p < 0.001), and sensitivity response (beta = 1.83, p = 0.001). The questionnaire showed excellent test-retest repeatability with an intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.95 and great internal consistency with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.83. The corrected index of homogeneity for each item was more significant than 0.5. In Rasch analysis, the infit and outfit values for eight items were all within 0.6-1.4, suggesting a good fit for the Rasch model. Martin-Löf test result indicated that the Rasch model was unidimensional (p = 1.0). Item characteristics curves suggested combining categories 3-4 and 5-6 in item 5 of C-CLDEQ-8. CONCLUSIONS: This study produced a Chinese version of CLDEQ-8 with great validity and reliability and proved capable of evaluating SCL-related symptoms.
Nanotechnology-based non-invasive strategies in ocular therapeutics: Approaches, limitations to clinical translation, and safety concerns.
Chaudhari P, Lewis SA, Ghate V
Cont Lens Anterior Eye · 2025 Apr · PMID 39794261 · Publisher ↗
The eye is a highly sensitive and vital component that significantly affects human quality of life. Diseases that affect the eye are major contributors to visual impairment and blindness and can have a profound effect on...
The eye is a highly sensitive and vital component that significantly affects human quality of life. Diseases that affect the eye are major contributors to visual impairment and blindness and can have a profound effect on an individual's well-being. Ocular drug delivery is challenging because of physiological and anatomical barriers. Invasive Intravitreal administration is primarily used for the treatment and management of posterior segmental disease. However, frequent intravitreal administration is associated with adverse effects. Furthermore, topical administration results in less than 5% ocular bioavailability, leading to a void in the safe and efficacious management of posterior segment diseases. Nanocarrier-based systems have been well explored as ocular therapeutics to overcome the sub-therapeutic management attributed to conventional eye drops and physiological and anatomical barriers. Since the first report of nanoparticles to date, the nanocarrier system has come a long way with the simplicity and versatility offered by the system. Significant progress has been made in the development of noninvasive nanocarrier systems and their interactions with the ocular surface. The nanocarrier system enhances precorneal retention, limits nontherapeutic absorption, and offers controlled drug release. This review aims to provide an overview of the recent advancements in noninvasive nanocarrier-based topical ocular drug delivery systems, including their interaction with the ocular surface, the barriers to their translation to clinical settings, and the associated scale-up challenges.
Diversity and composition of ocular microbiota in contact lens wearers: Efficacy of liposomal ozonated oil.
Sánchez-González MC, Gallardo-Real I, Gutiérrez-Sánchez E … +3 more , De-Hita-Cantalejo C, Capote-Puente R, Sánchez-González JM
Cont Lens Anterior Eye · 2025 Jun · PMID 39788824 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: To characterize the ocular surface microbiota in regular contact lens wearers with dry eyes and assess the effectiveness of reducing bacterial load using a liposomal ozonated oil solution. METHODS: This prospect...
PURPOSE: To characterize the ocular surface microbiota in regular contact lens wearers with dry eyes and assess the effectiveness of reducing bacterial load using a liposomal ozonated oil solution. METHODS: This prospective, longitudinal, controlled study randomized subjects into two groups. Group A (45 subjects) received hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC, Artific®), while Group B (41 subjects) received ozonated sunflower seed oil with soybean phospholipids (OSSO, Ozonest®). Microbial communities were analyzed via DNA metabarcoding of the 16S rRNA gene, and statistical analyses (alpha and beta diversity) were performed in R. RESULTS: Both groups predominantly harbored Staphylococcus caprae, Streptococcus oralis, and Corynebacterium spp., with OSSO and HPMC users showing distinct bacterial profiles. Alpha diversity showed no significant differences, but beta diversity revealed differences in bacterial composition between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: The results seem to indicate that the use of ozonized oil reduces the bacterial load compared to the solution used as a control.
Corneal astigmatism after temporary discontinuation from long-term spherical and toric orthokeratology.
Yang B, Liu L, Cho P
Cont Lens Anterior Eye · 2025 Jun · PMID 39755509 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To investigate changes in corneal astigmatism (curvatures and corneal sagittal height difference (C-sagDiff) at 8-mm chord) after temporary discontinuation from long-term spherical and toric orthokeratology (o...
OBJECTIVE: To investigate changes in corneal astigmatism (curvatures and corneal sagittal height difference (C-sagDiff) at 8-mm chord) after temporary discontinuation from long-term spherical and toric orthokeratology (ortho-k) lens wear in a Chinese population. METHODS: Relevant data were retrieved from 110 patients (55 wearing spherical ortho-k lenses, 55 wearing toric ortho-k lenses) who have been undergoing ortho-k treatment for at least one year and stopped lens wear temporarily for scheduled lens replacement. The topographic and refraction data at baseline and post-discontinuation was collected for all the patients. Only data from the right eye was used for analysis. Corneal curvature changes and C-sagDiff at 8-mm chord in the two principal meridians within each group and the corneal astigmatism changes between the two groups were analyzed. RESULTS: No significant differences in age, gender, baseline flat K (FK) and steep K (SK), myopia, refractive astigmatism, and duration of lens wear were noted between the two groups (P > 0.05). Baseline corneal astigmatism and C-sagDiff in toric ortho-k group was higher than spherical ortho-k group (P < 0.001). For both ortho-k groups, after treatment discontinuation of about 1-month (30-37 days), FK became flatter, SK remained unchanged, corneal astigmatism and C-sagDiff increased. Changes in corneal astigmatism for spherical and toric groups were 0.24 ± 0.33 and 0.32 ± 0.32 D, respectively. C-sagDiff increased from 22.85 ± 8.41 to 31.37 ± 12.98 μm and from 32.35 ± 12.39 to 45.40 ± 15.01 μm in the spherical and toric ortho-k groups, respectively. No significant between-group difference in corneal astigmatism change was found (P = 0.214). Corneal astigmatism change was affected by wearers' age and duration of ortho-k lens wear. The younger the subject and the longer the duration of ortho-k lens wear, the more significant the corneal astigmatism change after discontinuation of the treatment. CONCLUSION: After 1-month discontinuation from long-term ortho-k lens wear, corneal flat K became flatter, steep K remained unchanged, the C-sagDiff and the corneal astigmatism increased, irrespective of whether spherical or toric lenses were used. The change of corneal astigmatism was about 0.25D on average, which was not clinically significant. There was no significant difference of corneal and refractive astigmatism change between spherical and toric ortho-k groups.
Efficacy and safety of transient receptor potential channel modulators for dry eye: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Duan X, Ju M, Liu X … +1 more , Hu J
Cont Lens Anterior Eye · 2025 Jun · PMID 39753447 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: To investigate the efficacy and safety of transient receptor potential (TRP) channel modulators for dry eye. METHODS: A thorough search for randomized clinical trials was conducted in seven databases up to Febru...
PURPOSE: To investigate the efficacy and safety of transient receptor potential (TRP) channel modulators for dry eye. METHODS: A thorough search for randomized clinical trials was conducted in seven databases up to February 16, 2024. Suitable studies were identified according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, extracted data were synthesized and analyzed using Review Manager 5.4, and risk of bias and quality of evidence were assessed using recommended tools. RESULTS: Six trials with 884 patients using two kinds of TRP channel modulators (TRPV1 antagonist and TRPM8 agonist) were included. TRP channel modulators were effective in reducing subjective symptom scores (standardized mean differences [SMD], -0.41; 95 % confidence interval [CI], -0.75 to -0.07), corneal fluorescence staining (mean differences [MD], -0.19; 95 % CI, -0.37 to -0.02), impact on quality of life and daily function, and increasing the non-anesthetic Schirmer's test score (MD, 11.71; 95 % CI, 9.59 to 13.83), instant tear meniscus height (MD, 245.52; 95 % CI, 14.02 to 477.02), improvement in conjunctival hyperemia (risk ratio [RR], 2.08; 95 % CI, 1.07 to 4.06). There was no increased incidence of adverse events with TRP modulators compared to vehicle solution controls. CONCLUSIONS: TRP channel modulators have shown positive therapeutic effects in reducing the symptoms and signs of dry eye and improving the quality of life associated with the disease without raising the risk of adverse events. These modulators are expected to become a new therapy for dry eye.
Specialise for special eyes in 2025.
Vincent SJ, Cho P
Cont Lens Anterior Eye · 2025 Feb · PMID 39732560 · Publisher ↗
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
Celebrating 30 years of an ongoing annual international contact lens prescribing survey (1996-2025).
Morgan PB, Efron N
Cont Lens Anterior Eye · 2025 Apr · PMID 39721934 · Publisher ↗
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Topical Ivermectin-metronidazole gel therapy improves Meibomian gland Function in blepharitis caused by demodex spp.
Ávila MY, Quesada FA, Espana EM
Cont Lens Anterior Eye · 2025 Jun · PMID 39709259 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of topical Ivermectin- Metronidazol in the management of demodex infestation and their effect in Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) METHODS: Fifty-four patients (108 eyes) with...
PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of topical Ivermectin- Metronidazol in the management of demodex infestation and their effect in Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) METHODS: Fifty-four patients (108 eyes) with demodex diagnosis and Meibomian gland dysfunction received Ivermectin 0.3 %+Metronidazole 0.5 % gel in the night for 5 weeks. Parameters were evaluated before and 8 weeks after the last application of IVM-MTZ. This includes demodex counts, OSDI tests, non-invasive breakup time (NIBUT), average noninvasive breakup time (AvNIBUT), and infrared meibography with the determination of glandular dropout. RESULTS: A complete eradication of infestation was observed with the proposed treatment. A significant improvement in NIBUT, AvNIBUT, and OSDI score. The Meibomian gland improved with the treatment with a reduction of the glandular dropout from 50 ± 1.4 % to 39.05 ± 1.2 % (P < 0.0005) CONCLUSIONS: Management of demodex infestation in MGD improves tear film parameters, reduces ocular symptoms, and induces improvement in the anatomy of Meibomian glands. This is the first intervention that induces anatomical changes in Meibomian glands and must be considered as a modality for the treatment of MGD-demodex coexistence.
Validation and repeatability assessment of the Chinese version of the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), 5-item dry eye (DEQ-5), and contact lens dry eye questionnaire-8 (CLDEQ-8) questionnaires.
Guo B, Chan KY, Li PH … +9 more , Tse JSH, Liao X, Eng D, Chen C, Meng Z, Wei R, Cheong A, Ngo W, Lam TC
Cont Lens Anterior Eye · 2025 Jun · PMID 39694733 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: This prospective study aimed to validate the translated Chinese versions of the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), 5-Item Dry Eye (DEQ-5), and Contact Lens Dry Eye Questionnaire-8 (CLDEQ-8) questionnaires and...
PURPOSE: This prospective study aimed to validate the translated Chinese versions of the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), 5-Item Dry Eye (DEQ-5), and Contact Lens Dry Eye Questionnaire-8 (CLDEQ-8) questionnaires and test their repeatability. METHODS: From August 2022 to July 2023, online (qualtrics.com) English and Chinese versions of OSDI, DEQ-5, and CLDEQ-8 questionnaires were distributed to residents of Hong Kong, mainland China, Taiwan, and Singapore ≥ 18 years old who could understand both written Chinese and English. Subjects who were regular contact lens wearers (wear contact lenses > 5 days/week and > 8 h/day) were invited to complete the English and Chinese versions of the CLDEQ-8 questionnaire. Those who were not regular contact lens wearers were requested to complete the English and Chinese OSDI and DEQ-5 questionnaires. Subjects who completed the questionnaires were invited to participate for the second time three days later. Cronbach's alpha coefficient and intraclass correlation coefficient were used to test the internal consistency test-retest reliability of the translated questionnaires, respectively. RESULTS: A total of 141 subjects completed the OSDI and DEQ-5 (50 (35 %) completed the second attempt) and 96 completed the CLDEQ-8 questionnaires (52 (54 %) completed the second time). All Chinese versions of the questionnaires showed adequate internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha coefficient ≥ 0.872) and high reliability. There were no significant differences between the two attempts for Chinese OSDI and DEQ-5, but a statistically (not clinically) significant difference for the Chinese CLDEQ-8. This indicates that the Chinese version is clinically comparable to the English version. CONCLUSION: The Chinese versions of OSDI, DEQ-5, and CLDEQ-8 questionnaires showed adequate internal consistency and high reliability. Despite not being identical in measured scores, the translated Chinese questionnaires could effectively provide information about dry eye conditions and be used as alternative tools for assessing and diagnosing dry eye in clinical practice.
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