Undersea Hyperb Med [JOURNAL]
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200 papers
The effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on retinal layers in healthy eyes.
Sayin O, Altinkaynak H
Undersea Hyperb Med · 2022 · PMID 36446294 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: The aim of our study is to investigate the effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) therapy on retinal layers in healthy eyes. METHOD: Thirty patients who were taken to outpatient HBO2 for any indication were include...
PURPOSE: The aim of our study is to investigate the effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) therapy on retinal layers in healthy eyes. METHOD: Thirty patients who were taken to outpatient HBO2 for any indication were included in the study. All patients underwent 10 sessions of HBO2; 20 healthy patients were taken as the control group. We used the spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) to obtain automated measurements of thickness for each retinal layer - i.e., the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), ganglion cell layer (GCL), inner plexiform layer (IPL), inner nuclear layer (INL), outer plexiform layer (OPL), outer nuclear layer (ONL) and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) - and to conduct foveal (central 1 mm), inner-ring (parafoveal 1 to 3mm), and outer-ring (perifoveal 3 to 6mm) retinal layer measurements. Retinal OCT scans were performed before HBO2, after the first and 10th sessions. All retinal layer thicknesses were assessed with SD-OCT software system and compared between each visit. Retinal thicknesses were calculated in the central, inner ring and outer ring subfields (nine quadrants). RESULTS: In SD-OCT measurements, there were no statistically significant difference before HBO2, after the first and 10th sessions in terms of foveal, inner-ring and outer-ring thickness of RNFL, GCL, IPL, INL, OPL, ONL and RPE. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrated that there was no change in the thickness of the retinal layers after the first and 10th sessions in healthy eyes.
Influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on causes for the development of carbon monoxide intoxications.
Prost M, Eichhorn D, Strelow H … +3 more , Schneppendahl J, Windolf J, Dreyer S
Undersea Hyperb Med · 2022 · PMID 36446293 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Several causes can lead to carbon monoxide (CO) intoxication. A first-line treatment option for such intoxications is hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO2) therapy. The COVID-19 pandemic has been changing everyday...
INTRODUCTION: Several causes can lead to carbon monoxide (CO) intoxication. A first-line treatment option for such intoxications is hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO2) therapy. The COVID-19 pandemic has been changing everyday life in Germany since March 2020, mainly caused by statutory provisions. Our aim was to review whether these changes have an influence on the causes and frequency for the development of CO intoxication. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the data of patients who were treated for CO intoxication in our institution between April 2019 and March 2021. Besides demographic data, we compared the overall number and documented causes for each CO intoxication in the period of April 2020 to March 2021 with the period between April 2019 and March 2020. RESULTS: After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 139 patients were included. We found a significant decrease in the overall number of patients who needed treatment since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the share of CO intoxication caused by the indoor use of coal stoves, coal barbecue, or suicide attempts increased. In contrast, the share of cases caused by apartment or house fire, smoking waterpipe, or gas stoves decreased. CONCLUSION: The COVID-19 pandemic and the associated restrictions lead to a significant reduction in the number of patients in need for HBO2 therapy due to CO-Intoxication. The causes leading to CO intoxication also changed since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. We observed a shift toward causes related to the indoor use of coal-fired stoves and barbecues as well as suicide attempts.
Effects of hyperbaric oxygen treatment on liver and kidney tissue in chronic arsenic toxicity.
Eroğlu HA, Büyük B, Öztopuz Ö … +2 more , Makav M, Aydeğer C
Undersea Hyperb Med · 2022 · PMID 36446292 · Publisher ↗
Arsenic (As) is a toxic substance that damages the human body through exposure to drinking water. This exposure damages many organs and tissues in the body, especially the liver and kidneys. Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) ther...
Arsenic (As) is a toxic substance that damages the human body through exposure to drinking water. This exposure damages many organs and tissues in the body, especially the liver and kidneys. Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) therapy is a treatment method that acts by reducing oxidative stress parameters in tissues with high-pressure oxygen. Based on this, our study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of HBO2 on liver and kidney tissues with chronic arsenic toxicity. In the study 24 male Wistar albino rats (220-300 g, two to three months old) were equally divided into four groups: Control; As; HBO2; and As+HBO2. All animals were housed in individual cages. The toxicity model was created by adding arsenic to drinking water at a dose of 5 mg/kg/day for 60 days. HBO2 was applied 2 ATA pressure for 90 minutes a day for five days. At the end of the study, liver and kidney tissues were taken and stored for analysis. In liver tissue, histopathological showed that arsenic reduced inflammatory cell infiltration, sinusoidal congestion, and hydropic degeneration, while HBO2 increased these measures. Similar results were found by TUNEL method. In kidney tissue, both histopathologic and TUNEL method examinations found similar results with the liver: The As group was more damaged than the As+HBO2 group.
Thermoregulation during a six-hour exposure to warm, humid hyperbaric conditions.
Sweet DK, Wheelock CE, Schwob J … +6 more , Stooks J, Clemency BM, St James E, Pryor RR, Schlader ZJ, Hostler D
Undersea Hyperb Med · 2022 · PMID 36446291 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: In a disabled submarine scenario, a pressurized rescue module (PRM) may be deployed to rescue survivors. If the PRM were to become disabled, conditions could become hot and humid exposing the occupants to heat s...
PURPOSE: In a disabled submarine scenario, a pressurized rescue module (PRM) may be deployed to rescue survivors. If the PRM were to become disabled, conditions could become hot and humid exposing the occupants to heat stress. We tested the hypothesis that the rise in core temperature and fluid loss from sweating would increase with rising dry bulb temperature. METHODS: Twelve males (age 22 ± 3 years; height 179 ± 7 cm; mass 77.4 ± 8.3 kg) completed this study. On three occasions, subjects were exposed to high humidity and either 28-, 32-, or 35˚C for six hours in a dry hyperbaric chamber pressurized to 6.1 msw. Changes in core temperature (Tc) and body mass were recorded and linear regression lines fit to estimate the predicted rise in Tc and loss of fluid from sweating. RESULTS: Heart rate was higher in the 35°C condition compared to the 28°C and 32°C conditions. Tc was higher in the 32°C condition compared to 28°C and higher in 35°C compared to the 28˚°C and 32°C conditions. Projected fluid loss in all of the tested conditions could exceed 6% of body mass after 24 hours of exposure endangering the health of sailors in a DISSUB or disabled PRM. A fluid intake of 1.0 to 3.5 L would be required to limit dehydration to 2% or 4% of initial mass depending upon condition. CONCLUSIONS: Prolonged exposure to 35°C conditions under pressure results in uncompensable heat stress. 32°C and 35°C exposures were compensable under these conditions but further research is required to elucidate the effect of increased ambient pressure on thermoregulation.
Physical symptoms provoked by normobaric hot and humid disabled pressurized rescue module scenarios.
Schlader ZJ, Johnson BD, Pryor RR … +4 more , Stooks J, Siders B, Clemency BM, Hostler D
Undersea Hyperb Med · 2022 · PMID 36446290 · Publisher ↗
We tested the hypothesis that thermal discomfort will be greater, mood will be worse, and physical symptoms of heat illness will be exacerbated with elevations in dry bulb temperature during exposure to >95% relative hum...
We tested the hypothesis that thermal discomfort will be greater, mood will be worse, and physical symptoms of heat illness will be exacerbated with elevations in dry bulb temperature during exposure to >95% relative humidity disabled pressurized rescue module simulation. On three occasions, 15 healthy males (23 ± 3 years) sat in 32.1 ± 0.1°C, 33.1 ± 0.2°C or 35.0 ± 0.1°C, and 95 ± 2% relative humidity normobaric environments for eight hours. Thermal discomfort (visual analog scale), mood (profile of mood states), and physical symptoms of heat illness, ear-nose-throat, and muscle discomfort (environmental symptoms questionnaire) were assessed before and following each hour of exposure. Thermal discomfort was greater throughout the exposure in 35°C versus both 32°C and 33°C (p ≥ 0.03) and did not differ between the latter conditions (p ≥ 0.07). Mood worsened over time in all trials (p ≺ 0.01) and was worse in 35°C compared to 32°C and 33°C after five hours of exposure (p ≤ 0.05). Heat illness symptoms increased over time in all trials and was greater in 35°C versus 32°C and 33°C throughout the exposure (p ≤ 0.04). Ear-nose-throat and muscle discomfort symptoms increased over time in all trials (p < 0.01) and were higher in 35°C versus 32°C and 33°C after the sixth hour of exposure (p ≤ 0.02). In support of our hypothesis, mood was worse, physical symptoms of heat illness, and ear-nose-throat and muscle discomfort symptoms were exacerbated, and thermal discomfort was greater with elevations in dry bulb temperature during an eight-hour exposure to a >95% relative humidity disabled PRM simulation.
Prescription medication use and trends for U.S. Navy submariners from 2007 to 2018.
Hughes LM, Maguire BJ, Gilbert M … +1 more , Nordness R
Undersea Hyperb Med · 2022 · PMID 36446289 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: This is the first study to examine population medication prescription rates among U.S. submariners by common therapeutic classifications. METHODS: Individual-level pharmacy records during the years 2007 to...
INTRODUCTION: This is the first study to examine population medication prescription rates among U.S. submariners by common therapeutic classifications. METHODS: Individual-level pharmacy records during the years 2007 to 2018 were extracted from the Military Health System's Pharmacy Data Transaction Service (PDTS) file. Demographic and military factors captured from Navy personnel files were linked to PDTS records. Logistic regression models were used to identify characteristics and trends associated with prevalence. Published total rates for other active-duty components were compared to submariner rates. RESULTS: There were data for 50,720 submariners, among whom 576,782 prescriptions were filled. Prevalence rates decreased significantly from 2007-2018 among most drug classes. Central nervous system agents accounted for 31% of the total prescriptions, followed by 12% for eye, ear, nose, and throat preparations, and 10% for anti-infective agents. Higher prescription rates were associated with being enlisted, younger, a woman, lower-ranked, or Hispanic. The mean yearly prescription rate was 2.7 per submariner, less than half of the overall rate of all military components. CONCLUSION: The survival benefit of HBO2 therapy observed in our unadjusted analysis suggests that there may be therapeutic benefits of HBO2 in treating COVID-19 hypoxia as an adjunct to standard care.
The effect of atmospheric pressure on the bond strength of composites.
Valian A, Allahdadi M
Undersea Hyperb Med · 2022 · PMID 36446288 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: In the current study, we investigated the effect of atmospheric pressure change on the microtensile bond strength of direct and indirect composite restorations to the teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of...
BACKGROUND: In the current study, we investigated the effect of atmospheric pressure change on the microtensile bond strength of direct and indirect composite restorations to the teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 16 extracted teeth were prepared after crown cutting and randomly divided into four groups. The study groups included: 1) direct restoration (Filtek™ Z250 Universal Composite Restorative System, 3M, United States) at constant pressure (control); 2) direct restoration in variable pressure; 3) indirect restoration (Z250 composite) at constant pressure (control); and 4) indirect restoration at variable pressure. Then, samples were subjected to thermal cycles. Variable pressure groups were pressurized to 0 to 5 atmospheres for 96 cycles inside the hyperbaric chamber, followed by measuring the microtensile bond strength of the specimens. RESULTS: The mean of microtensile bond strength in both direct and indirect variable-pressure groups was significantly lower than their counterpart control groups. There was no significant difference between direct and indirect restorations in constant and variable pressure. The failure mode of the samples in the control groups was often mixed, while in the pressure groups, it was dominated by adhesive. Also, microscopic examination of restoration interfaces showed that the number and volume of voids in variable pressure groups were much more than the control groups. CONCLUSION: Regardless of the type of restoration, changing the atmospheric pressure is effective on the bond strength of the restorations to the teeth.
Hyperoxic exposure monitoring in diving: A farewell to the UPTD.
Risberg J, van Ooij PJ
Undersea Hyperb Med · 2022 · PMID 36446287 · Publisher ↗
Depending on pO2 and exposure time hyperoxic breathing gas may cause injury in many organs including the lungs. Pulmonary oxygen toxicity (POT) may be asymptomatic, but will initially present as a tracheobronchitis in sy...
Depending on pO2 and exposure time hyperoxic breathing gas may cause injury in many organs including the lungs. Pulmonary oxygen toxicity (POT) may be asymptomatic, but will initially present as a tracheobronchitis in symptomatic subjects. A number of objective measurements of POT have been investigated, but the decrement in vital capacity (VC) has remained the most accepted outcome measure. The unit pulmonary toxic dose (UPTD) has been established as the most common exposure index for POT in diving. UPTD is calculated based on the pO2 and exposure time. A literature search identified five models predicting POT, but no model would accurately predict VC change for the full range of pO2 variation and exposure time relevant for surface-oriented diving. Nevertheless, compared to UPTD, the K-index (K = t2*pO24.57, where t = time (hours) and pO2 = inspired pO2 (atm)) suggested by Arieli performed better for pO2 > 150 kPa and allowed estimation of recovery. We recommend that the Arieli K-index should replace UPTD as the POT exposure index for all surface-oriented diving. Based on the limited data available we suggest a daily threshold of K = 120 for a maximum of two diving days followed by two days of recovery. For five consecutive days of diving, we recommend that the threshold should not exceed K=70 and two recovery days should be allowed. For multiday diving without days of recovery, the daily exposure should probably be limited to K = 40-50.
UHMS Position Statement: HBO2 departments offering services for emergent and urgent HBO2 indications.
Shapshak D, Kelly M
Undersea Hyperb Med · 2022 · PMID 36001572 · Publisher ↗
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
The effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on bladder symptoms of female patients with overactive bladder.
Hamarat MB, Arslan A
Undersea Hyperb Med · 2022 · PMID 36001571 · Publisher ↗
Overactive bladder (OAB) is a disease with symptoms such as feelings of urgency, nocturia, and frequent urination which is usually accompanied by urinary incontinence. We aimed to assess the effect of hyperbaric oxygen (...
Overactive bladder (OAB) is a disease with symptoms such as feelings of urgency, nocturia, and frequent urination which is usually accompanied by urinary incontinence. We aimed to assess the effect of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) therapy on the symptoms of female patients with overactive bladder (OAB). This study is a prospective observational cohort study. The patients were analyzed into two groups. The patients who received HBO2 therapy were in Group 1, and the patients who received mirabegron treatment were in Group 2. The symptom scores and quality of life scores of the patients before and after treatment were recorded and compared. Significant improvement in symptom scores were seen in both groups after treatment compared to baseline. The study included 31 patients in Group 1 and 44 patients in Group 2. The mean changes in the ICIQ-SF, OAB-V8, and IIQ-7 scores in the third month of treatment in Group 1 were 4.12 ± 3.51, -10.70 ± 6.92, and -4.51 ± 2.68, respectively. The corresponding mean score changes in Group 2 were -4.31 ± 3.16, -11.22 ± 5.93, and -3.68 ± 2.67, respectively. The mean changes in all three scores were not significantly different between Groups 1 and 2 (p = 0.81, 0.73, and 0.19, respectively). We observed that HBO2 treatment improved quality of life by reducing the symptom score in patients with OAB. Moreover, this effect continued in the third month after the treatment. Considering the efficacy and side effect profiles of the available treatments, HBO2 therapy may be a new treatment alternative in OAB.
Unique challenges in naval military dentistry.
Findler-Meir Y, Joachim MV, Findler M … +2 more , Findler M, El-Naaj IA
Undersea Hyperb Med · 2022 · PMID 36001570 · Publisher ↗
Divers are regularly exposed to a unique and changing environment that dentists must consider when treating such patients. This review focuses around two case studies encountered in naval dentistry: (i) diving barotrauma...
Divers are regularly exposed to a unique and changing environment that dentists must consider when treating such patients. This review focuses around two case studies encountered in naval dentistry: (i) diving barotrauma (pressure-induced injury related to an air space); and (ii) scuba diving mouthpiece-related oral conditions. Each condition is described by its effect on the oral cavity and in particular the teeth. Then we generally review the latest literature on the different effects of scuba diving on the diver's head, face and oral regions and emphasize methods of dental disease prevention, diagnostic tools and treatment guidelines.
Profound hypercapnia but only moderate hypoxia found during underwater rugby play.
Lindholm P, Lund H, Blogg L … +1 more , Gennser M
Undersea Hyperb Med · 2022 · PMID 36001569 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Underwater rugby is a team sport where players try to score points with a negatively buoyant ball while submerged in a swimming pool. Reports of syncope incidents at the Swedish Championships led to us to inv...
BACKGROUND: Underwater rugby is a team sport where players try to score points with a negatively buoyant ball while submerged in a swimming pool. Reports of syncope incidents at the Swedish Championships led to us to investigate end-tidal oxygen and carbon dioxide levels during simulated match play. METHODS: Eight male underwater rugby club players of varying experience participated. Repetitive measurements were made while players were defending during simulated match play. Each time a player surfaced they exhaled through a mouthpiece connected to a flow meter and a gas analyzer to measure tidal volume, PETO2 and PETCO2. RESULTS: Measurements were made over 12 dives, with an average dive duration of 18.5 seconds. The mean maximal PETCO2 across the eight participants was 10.0 kPa (~75 mmHg) (range, 9.1-11.7 [~68-88]). The corresponding mean minimum PETO2 was 7.6 kPa (~57 mmHg) (6.3-10.4 [~47-78)). PETCO2 drifted upward, with the mean upward change from the first to last dive for each participant being +1.8 (~13.5 mmHg) (SD 1.74) kPa. A similar trend for PETO2 was not detected, with a mean change of -0.1 (~0.75 mmHg) (SD 3.79) kPa. CONCLUSION: Despite high PETCO2 values that were close to narcotic being recorded, these players seemed to regulate their urge to breathe based on hypoxia rather than hypercapnia.
Cardiovascular risk assessment in divers: Toward safer diving.
Rienks R, Buwalda M, Bucx J … +3 more , Dubois E, Wingelaar T, van Hulst R
Undersea Hyperb Med · 2022 · PMID 36001568
Similar to aviation, diving is performed in an environment in which acute incapacitation may lead to a fatal outcome. In aeromedicine, a pilot is considered "unfit to fly" when the cardiovascular event risk exceeds one p...
Similar to aviation, diving is performed in an environment in which acute incapacitation may lead to a fatal outcome. In aeromedicine, a pilot is considered "unfit to fly" when the cardiovascular event risk exceeds one percent per annum, the so-called 1% rule. In diving no formal limits to cardiovascular risk have been established. Cardiovascular risk of divers can be calculated using the modified Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) Risk of Harm formula: risk of harm (RH: cardiovascular fatality rate per year during diving: number × 10-⁵/divers/year) = time diving (TD: number of dives × 10-⁴) × sudden cardiac incapacitation (SCI: cardiovascular diver event rate per year (number × 10-⁵/year). The SCI and thus the RH are strongly dependent on age. Using the CCS criterion for RH, 5 × 10-⁵ divers/year, and considering an average of 25 dives per year per diver, the calculated maximum acceptable SCI is 2%/year, consistent with current practice for dive medical examinations. If the SCI were to exceed 2%/year, a diver could be considered "unfit to dive," which could particularly benefit older (≥ 50 years) divers, in whom cardiovascular risk factors are often not properly treated. For the prevention of fatal diving accidents due to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, a dive medical examination is of limited value for young (≺ 50 years) divers who have no cardiovascular risk factors. Introducing a cardiovascular risk management system for divers may achieve a reduction in fatal diving accidents that result from cardiovascular disease in older divers engaged in both recreational and professional diving.
Severe carbon monoxide poisonings in scuba divers: Asia-Pacific cases and causation.
Lippmann J, Millar I
Undersea Hyperb Med · 2022 · PMID 36001567
AIM: Reports of fatal incidents in recreational scuba divers from carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning are rare. This study aimed to identify scuba fatalities in the Asia-Pacific region caused by breathing-gas contamination to...
AIM: Reports of fatal incidents in recreational scuba divers from carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning are rare. This study aimed to identify scuba fatalities in the Asia-Pacific region caused by breathing-gas contamination to better understand the likely sources of contamination and reduce such preventable deaths. METHODS: A hand search of Project Stickybeak reports, subsequent Australian fatality series reports, and of published New Zealand diving fatality reports and associated data was conducted, as well as key word searches of the National Coronial Information System for scuba fatalities in Australia and New Zealand. Cases identified were matched with the Australasian Diving Safety Foundation diving fatality database. Available reports were examined. RESULTS: Four scuba deaths resulting from CO poisoning were identified from 645 scuba fatalities, including one report from each of Australia, New Zealand, Singapore, and the Maldives. A near-fatal incident was also identified in Indonesia. Two of the fatal incidents and the near-fatal incident involved internal combustion engine exhaust gases from the compressor system or elsewhere entering the air intake. Two deaths likely resulted from combustion within compressor systems. CONCLUSIONS: Scuba fatalities from CO poisoning are uncommon, albeit likely under-reported. Sources of CO include exhaust gases entering the compressor and CO production by pyrolysis or gasification within the compressor or its filter system. Preventive measures include proper installation (including positioning of the air intake relative to combustion exhaust), appropriate maintenance, fitting of pressure-maintaining valves and avoidance of overheating. Formal training of compressor operators, improved diver education, mandatory requirements for installation compliance assessments, safety inspections, and the use of carbon monoxide alarms are recommended.
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy to treat lingering COVID-19 symptoms.
Zant AE, Figueroa XA, Paulson CP … +1 more , Wright JK
Undersea Hyperb Med · 2022 · PMID 36001566 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: SARs-Cov-2 infections can produce prolonged illness and significant disability. Patients recovering from COVID-19 can have persistent symptoms leading to long-term morbidity. METHODS: Six patients with long-l...
BACKGROUND: SARs-Cov-2 infections can produce prolonged illness and significant disability. Patients recovering from COVID-19 can have persistent symptoms leading to long-term morbidity. METHODS: Six patients with long-lasting (> 30 days) COVID-19 symptoms were treated with hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) therapy. All patients were assessed for symptoms using the ImPACT questionnaire, a muscle and joint pain scale, and a modified Borg dyspnea scale. Patients were assessed before, during and after HBO2 treatments. RESULTS: All patients saw improvements in the measured symptoms to levels that were the same as pre-infection levels (five of six patients) or had significant improvement in symptoms (one patient). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that HBO2 helped to improve symptom scores, reduce the length of time of symptoms, and improved the quality of life. More detailed and randomized studies are needed to confirm the results in this report.
A novel source of carbon monoxide for suicide attempt.
Brady NJ, Patel PS, Moayedi S … +1 more , Sward D
Undersea Hyperb Med · 2022 · PMID 36001565 · Publisher ↗
Carbon monoxide (CO) inhalation is a common method of suicide. The combination of formic acid with sulfuric acid creates carbon monoxide. This novel method is described in readily accessible internet-based resources. We...
Carbon monoxide (CO) inhalation is a common method of suicide. The combination of formic acid with sulfuric acid creates carbon monoxide. This novel method is described in readily accessible internet-based resources. We present the case of a 35-year-old woman who developed CO toxicity by using this method. It is important for hyperbaric medicine physicians to be aware of this source of CO toxicity.
Effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on exercise-induced muscle damage.
Presti N, Huang E, Pryor JL … +1 more , Hostler D
Undersea Hyperb Med · 2022 · PMID 36001564
PURPOSE: To perform a literature review on hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) therapy as a treatment for exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD). METHODS: PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar were searched for articles related...
PURPOSE: To perform a literature review on hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) therapy as a treatment for exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD). METHODS: PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar were searched for articles related to HBO2 therapy as a treatment for exercise-induced muscle damage. Inclusion criteria included HBO2 therapy as the primary intervention to treat EIMD. Articles used in this review ranged from 1995-2021. CONCLUSION: Current literature on the effectiveness of HBO2 therapy to treat EIMD is mixed. Early and frequent treatments seem to be important factors when it comes to the success of HBO2 therapy. Additional research is needed to determine if HBO2 therapy has potential to treat more severe forms of EIMD and the role HBO2 therapy has on inflammation and satellite cell function after EIMD.
Comparison of four low-level carbon monoxide alarms suitable for home use or when traveling.
Hampson NB, Holm JR
Undersea Hyperb Med · 2022 · PMID 36001563
INTRODUCTION: Interest in carbon monoxide (CO) alarms that are more sensitive than is required for standard residential CO alarms is growing, as reflected by increased marketing of "low-level" alarms capable of measuring...
INTRODUCTION: Interest in carbon monoxide (CO) alarms that are more sensitive than is required for standard residential CO alarms is growing, as reflected by increased marketing of "low-level" alarms capable of measuring CO levels as low as 10 PPM. At the same time, publicity surrounding CO poisoning events among travelers in lodging facilities has stimulated interest in travel CO alarms. We sought to evaluate four low-level alarms that could be used in the home and especially when traveling. MATERIALS/METHODS: Two each of four brands of low-level alarms (CO Experts, Forensics, Kidde, and Sensorcon) were acquired by retail purchase and tested. The eight alarms were simultaneously exposed in an environment with a slowly increasing level of CO from indoor burning of charcoal briquets. CO levels displayed on the alarms were recorded once per minute. Activation of preset alerts on the alarms were noted. Finally, alarms were compared for ease of use and features available.. RESULTS: All brands of alarms measured CO similarly over the range from 10-120 PPM. All alarms performed as claimed by their manufacturers, both regarding range of CO reported and preset alert activation. Each alerted at CO levels below that required by the Underwriters Laboratories 2034 Standard. SUMMARY/CONCLUSION: Since all low-level CO alarms tested measured CO similarly, consumers seeking a low-level CO alarm for use while traveling should base their decision on features desired and price. There are definite differences between the alarms tested, in terms of features, expected durability, ease of operation and price.
Hyperbaric oxygen for COVID-19 patients with severe hypoxia prior to vaccine availability.
Jansen D, Dickstein DR, Erazo K … +3 more , Stacom E, Lee DC, Wainwright SK
Undersea Hyperb Med · 2022 · PMID 36001562 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Few treatments have demonstrated mortality benefits among hospitalized hypoxic COVID-19 patients. We evaluated the use of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) therapy as a therapeutic intervention among hospitalized pa...
INTRODUCTION: Few treatments have demonstrated mortality benefits among hospitalized hypoxic COVID-19 patients. We evaluated the use of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) therapy as a therapeutic intervention among hospitalized patients with a high oxygen requirement prior to vaccine approval. METHODS: We extracted data on patients with COVID-19 hypoxia who required oxygen supplementation ranging from a 6L nasal cannula up to a high-flow nasal cannula at 100% FiO2 at 60L/minute with a 100% non-rebreather mask at 15 L/minute and were eligible for off-label HBO2 therapy from October 2020 to February 2021. We followed the Monitored Emergency use of Unregistered and Investigational Interventions or (MEURI) in conjunction with the consistent re-evaluation of the protocol using the Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) tool [1]. We compared patient characteristics and used Fisher's exact test and a survival analysis to assess the primary endpoint of inpatient death. RESULTS: HBO2 therapy was offered to 36 patients, of which 24 received treatment and 12 did not receive treatment. Patients who did not receive treatment were significantly older (p ≺ 0.01) and had worse baseline hypoxia (p = 0.06). Three of the 24 (13%) patients who received treatment died compared to six of 12 (50%) patients who did not receive treatment (RR ratio: 0.25, p = 0.04, 95% CI: 0.08 to 0.83). In the survival analysis, there was a statistically significant reduction in inpatient mortality in the treatment group (HR: 0.19, p = 0.02, 95% CI: 0.05-0.74). However, after adjusting for age and baseline hypoxia, there was no difference in inpatient mortality (hazard ratio: 0.48, p = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.08-2.86). CONCLUSION: The survival benefit of HBO2 therapy observed in our unadjusted analysis suggests that there may be therapeutic benefits of HBO2 in treating COVID-19 hypoxia as an adjunct to standard care.
Decompression sickness with incidental pulmonary cyst.
Norton MN, Weaver LK
Undersea Hyperb Med · 2022 · PMID 36001561
Decompression sickness (DCS) is a known complication of scuba diving. DCS occurs when bubbles are formed as pressure is reduced during and after ascent from a dive, following inert gas uptake during the dive. The bubbles...
Decompression sickness (DCS) is a known complication of scuba diving. DCS occurs when bubbles are formed as pressure is reduced during and after ascent from a dive, following inert gas uptake during the dive. The bubbles cause inflammation and hypoxia. The definitive treatment for decompression sickness is hyperbaric oxygen therapy. We present a case of a healthy 16-year-old male who presented with decompression sickness and an incidental pulmonary cyst discovered by chest CT, likely congenital. The patient was successfully treated with U.S. Navy Treatment Table 6 (TT6) for his decompression sickness, but he continued to have chest pain, requiring hospitalization and consultation with pediatric pulmonology and cardiothoracic surgery from the cyst. Three years later he complained of chest pain with changes in altitude. Chest CT showed persistence of this cyst, and additional cysts. Case conference with pulmonologists and chest radiologist could not offer a definite etiology without lung biopsy, felt to not be indicated. We believe that the changes in pressure/volumes during the dives and TT6 exacerbated his pulmonary cyst.
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