Nat Rev Urol [JOURNAL]

Prostate cancer remains a substantial health challenge, with >375,000 annual deaths amongst men worldwide. Most prostate cancer-related deaths are attributable to the development of resistance to standard-of-care treatme... Prostate cancer remains a substantial health challenge, with >375,000 annual deaths amongst men worldwide. Most prostate cancer-related deaths are attributable to the development of resistance to standard-of-care treatments. Characterization of the diverse and complex surfaceome of treatment-resistant prostate cancer, combined with advances in drug development that leverage cell-surface proteins to enhance drug delivery or activate the immune system, have provided novel therapeutic opportunities to target advanced prostate cancer. The prostate cancer surfaceome, including proteins such as prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), B7-H3, six transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate 1 (STEAP1), delta-like ligand 3 (DLL3), trophoblastic cell-surface antigen 2 (TROP2), prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA), HER3, CD46 and CD36, can be exploited as therapeutic targets, as regulatory mechanisms might contribute to the heterogeneity of expression of these proteins and subsequently affect treatment response and resistance. Specific treatment strategies targeting the surfaceome are in clinical development, including radionuclides, antibody-drug conjugates, T cell engagers and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. Ultimately, biomarker development and clinical implementation of these agents will be informed and refined by further understanding of the biology of various targets; the target specificity and sensitivity of different agents; and off-target and toxic effects associated with these agents. Understanding the dynamic nature of cell-surface targets and non-overlapping expression patterns might also lead to future combinational strategies.

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Reply to 'The disruption of circadian rhythm as a potential mechanism of nocturia-like symptoms - a paediatric urology perspective'.

Song QX, Suadicani S, Negoro H … +5 more , Jiang HH, Jabr R, Fry C, Xue W, Damaser MS

Nat Rev Urol · 2025 May · PMID 40169836 · Full text

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The disruption of circadian rhythm as a potential mechanism of nocturia-like symptoms - a paediatric urology perspective.

Herrera MP, Dominguez C

Nat Rev Urol · 2025 May · PMID 40169835 · Publisher ↗

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Adjuvant personalized cancer vaccine: is this the end of metastatic kidney cancer.

Schmidinger M, Huebner-Resch I

Nat Rev Urol · 2025 Sep · PMID 40148578 · Publisher ↗

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A bladder blueprint to build better models for understanding homeostasis and disease.

Deltourbe LG, Durand M, Costas A … +1 more , Ingersoll MA

Nat Rev Urol · 2025 Aug · PMID 40140722 · Publisher ↗

The bladder is a complex organ that can be affected by various pathologies, such as cancer or infection. It has a specific tissue structure composed of many different cell types and layers, including urothelial and endot... The bladder is a complex organ that can be affected by various pathologies, such as cancer or infection. It has a specific tissue structure composed of many different cell types and layers, including urothelial and endothelial cells but also a muscle layer controlling stretch and contraction to void urine. The bladder has constitutive and induced immune responses to infection or damage and harbours a microbiome. Each of these features can be influenced by factors including age and biological sex, which makes modelling homeostasis and disease in the bladder complex and challenging. To model diseases that affect the bladder, mouse models are an invaluable tool to understand the bladder in situ. However, stark differences exist between mice and humans, and so mouse models of human disease have limitations. Thus, models that more closely approximate human physiology would be expected to contribute to improved understanding of bladder biology. As technology advances, improvements in model development and creation of 3D bladder structures are enabling scientists to recapitulate essential aspects of human bladder physiology to gain increased understanding of bladder homeostasis and diseases.

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Considering urology in a planetary context.

Nat Rev Urol · 2025 Apr · PMID 40102639 · Publisher ↗

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Melon seed extract protects against testis metal toxicity.

Fenner A

Nat Rev Urol · 2025 Apr · PMID 40082680 · Publisher ↗

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Exposure to ambient air pollution increases risk.

Fenner A

Nat Rev Urol · 2025 Apr · PMID 40082679 · Publisher ↗

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A complex association with cadmium.

Fenner A

Nat Rev Urol · 2025 Apr · PMID 40082678 · Publisher ↗

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The role of the urinary microbiome in genitourinary cancers.

Lee S, Sfanos K, Singla N

Nat Rev Urol · 2025 Aug · PMID 40082677 · Publisher ↗

Genitourinary cancers account for 20% of cancer instances globally and pose a substantial burden. The microbiome, defined as the ecosystem of organisms that reside within and on the human body, seems to be closely relate... Genitourinary cancers account for 20% of cancer instances globally and pose a substantial burden. The microbiome, defined as the ecosystem of organisms that reside within and on the human body, seems to be closely related to multiple cancers. Research on the gut microbiome has yielded substantial insights into the interactions of this entity with the immune system and cancer therapeutic efficacy, whereas the urinary microbiome has been relatively less well-studied. Advances in next-generation sequencing technologies led to new discoveries in the urinary microbiome, which might aid in early detection, risk stratification and personalized treatment strategies in genitourinary cancers. Mechanistic investigations have also suggested a role for the urinary microbiome in modulating the tumour microenvironment and host immune response. For example, distinct urinary microbial signatures have been linked to bladder cancer occurrence and recurrence risk, with specific taxa associated with cytokine production and inflammation. Urinary microbiome signatures have also been explored as potential biomarkers for non-invasive cancer detection. However, challenges remain in standardizing methodologies, validating findings across studies, and establishing causative mechanisms. As investigations into the urinary microbiome continue to evolve, so does the potential for developing microbiome-modulating therapies and enhancing diagnostic capabilities to improve outcomes in patients with genitourinary cancers.

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Chlorination by-products in drinking water - association with bladder cancer risk.

Masone MC

Nat Rev Urol · 2025 Apr · PMID 40082676 · Publisher ↗

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GSTA2 mitigates DEHP-induced reproductive toxic effects.

Masone MC

Nat Rev Urol · 2025 Apr · PMID 40075164 · Publisher ↗

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Nat Rev Urol [JOURNAL]

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