Curr Alzheimer Res [JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Using Entropy as the Convergence Criteria of Ant Colony Optimization and the Application at Gene Chip Data Analysis.
Gao C, Pang X, Wang C … +9 more , Huang J, Liu H, Zhu C, Jin K, Li W, Zheng P, Zeng Z, Wei Y, Pang C
Curr Alzheimer Res · 2024 · PMID 39279692 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: When Ant Colony Optimization algorithm (ACO) is adept at identifying the shortest path, the temporary solution is uncertain during the iterative process. All temporary solutions form a solution set. METHODS...
INTRODUCTION: When Ant Colony Optimization algorithm (ACO) is adept at identifying the shortest path, the temporary solution is uncertain during the iterative process. All temporary solutions form a solution set. METHODS: Where each solution is random. That is, the solution set has entropy. When the solution tends to be stable, the entropy also converges to a fixed value. Therefore, it was proposed in this paper that apply entropy as a convergence criterion of ACO. The advantage of the proposed criterion is that it approximates the optimal convergence time of the algorithm. RESULTS: In order to prove the superiority of the entropy convergence criterion, it was used to cluster gene chip data, which were sampled from patients of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). The clustering algorithm is compared with six typical clustering algorithms. The comparison shows that the ACO using entropy as a convergence criterion is of good quality. CONCLUSION: At the same time, applying the presented algorithm, we analyzed the clustering characteristics of genes related to energy metabolism and found that as AD occurs, the entropy of the energy metabolism system decreases; that is, the system disorder decreases significantly.
Morphometric Analysis of Corpus Callosum in Individuals with Alzheimer's Disease: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Study.
Acar M, Uğur S
Curr Alzheimer Res · 2024 · PMID 39177137 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: The Corpus Callosum (CC) is the largest commissural tract in the nervous system. Few studies have examined the extent of CC in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, and these studies have reported conflicting...
INTRODUCTION: The Corpus Callosum (CC) is the largest commissural tract in the nervous system. Few studies have examined the extent of CC in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, and these studies have reported conflicting findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was performed using 176 brain MRI images of 88 Alzheimer's patients (55 women-32 men) and 88 healthy individuals (44 women-44 men). RESULTS: In our study, 7 different parameters of the CC were measured, and their average values were determined. We measured each parameter separately in AD patients and healthy individuals and compared them with each other. CONCLUSION: CC has an important place not only in Patients with AD but also in other neurodegenerative diseases. We consider that our study will be useful in the evaluation of Patients with AD.
"Cyclophilin A" Enzymatic Effect on the Aggregation Behavior of 1N4R Tau Protein: An Overlooked Crucial Determinant that should be Re-considered in Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis.
Ranjbar S, Mehrabi M, Akbari V … +2 more , Pashaei S, Khodarahmi R
Curr Alzheimer Res · 2024 · PMID 39161146 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease (AD) involve the abnormal aggregation of tau protein, which forms toxic oligomers and amyloid deposits. The structure of tau protein is influenced by the c...
BACKGROUND: Neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease (AD) involve the abnormal aggregation of tau protein, which forms toxic oligomers and amyloid deposits. The structure of tau protein is influenced by the conformational states of distinct proline residues, which are regulated by peptidyl-prolyl isomerases (PPIases). However, there has been no research on the impact of human cyclophilin A (CypA) as a PPIase on (non-phosphorylated) tau protein aggregation. METHODS: On the basis of these explanations, we used various spectroscopic techniques to explore the effects of CypA on tau protein aggregation behavior. RESULTS: We demonstrated the role of the isomerization activity of CypA in promoting the formation of tau protein amyloid fibrils with well-defined and highly ordered cross-β structures. According to the "cistauosis hypothesis," CypA's ability to enhance tau protein fibril formation in AD is attributed to the isomerization of specific proline residues from the to configuration. To corroborate this theory, we conducted refolding experiments using lysozyme as a model protein. The presence of CypA increased lysozyme aggregation and impeded its refolding process. It is known that proper refolding of lysozyme relies on the correct () isomerization of two critical proline residues. CONCLUSION: Thus, our findings confirmed that CypA induces the -to- isomerization of specific proline residues, ultimately leading to increased aggregation. Overall, this study highlights the emerging role of isomerization in tau protein pathogenesis in AD.
Dysregulation of Agmatine Deiminase Expression in Alzheimer's Disease.
Hamdi A, Baroudi S, Gharbi A … +8 more , Babay W, Laaribi AB, Kacem I, Mrabet S, Zidi I, Klibi N, Gouider R, Ouzari HI
Curr Alzheimer Res · 2024 · PMID 39143870 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, with a significant burden on global health. AD is characterized by a progressive cognitive decline and memory loss. Emerging research...
BACKGROUND: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, with a significant burden on global health. AD is characterized by a progressive cognitive decline and memory loss. Emerging research suggests a potential link between periodontitis, specifically the presence of oral bacteria such as (), and AD progression. produces an enzyme, Agmatine deiminase (AgD), which converts agmatine to N-carbamoyl putrescine (NCP), serving as a precursor to essential polyamines. Recent studies have confirmed the correlation between disruptions in polyamine metabolism and cognitive impairment. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the dysregulation of Agmatine deiminase () in the context of AD. METHODS: Saliva samples were collected from a total of 54 individuals, including 27 AD patients and 27 healthy controls. The expression of the gene was analyzed using quantitative Real-- Time PCR. RESULTS: The results showed a significant decrease in gene expression in the saliva samples of AD patients compared to healthy controls. This downregulation was found in AD patients with advanced stages of periodontitis. Additionally, a correlation was observed between the decrease in expression and the 30-item Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that measuring expression in saliva could be a noninvasive tool for monitoring AD progression and aid in the early diagnosis of patients with periodontitis. Further research is needed to validate our results and explore the underlying mechanisms linking periodontitis, expression, and AD pathophysiology.
Therapeutic Effects of Arctiin on Alzheimer's Disease-like Model in Rats by Reducing Oxidative Stress, Inflammasomes and Fibrosis.
Almeaqli MT, Alaidaa Y, Alnajjar FM … +8 more , Al Shararh AS, Alharbi DS, Almslmani YI, Alotibi YA, Alrashidi HS, Alshehri WA, Hassan HM, Al-Gayyar MMH
Curr Alzheimer Res · 2024 · PMID 39136502 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Alzheimer's disease (AD) affects approximately 50 million people globally and is expected to triple by 2050. Arctiin is a lignan found in the Arctium lappa L. plant. Arctiin possesses anti-proliferative, anti...
BACKGROUND: Alzheimer's disease (AD) affects approximately 50 million people globally and is expected to triple by 2050. Arctiin is a lignan found in the Arctium lappa L. plant. Arctiin possesses anti-proliferative, antioxidative and anti-adipogenic. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to explore the potential therapeutic effects of Arctiin on rats with AD by evaluating the expression of TLR4, NLRP3, STAT3, TGF-β, cyclin D1, and CDK2. METHODS: AD was induced in rats by administering 70 mg/kg of aluminum chloride through intraperitoneal injection daily for six weeks. After inducing AD, some rats were treated with 25 mg/kg of Arctiin daily for three weeks through oral gavage. Furthermore, to examine the brain tissue structure, hippocampal sections were stained with hematoxylin/eosin and anti-TLR4 antibodies. The collected samples were analyzed for gene expression and protein levels of TLR4, NLRP3, STAT3, TGF-β, cyclin D1, and CDK2. RESULTS: In behavioral tests, rats showed a significant improvement in their behavior when treated with Arctiin. Microimages stained with hematoxylin/eosin showed that Arctiin helped to improve the structure and cohesion of the hippocampus, which was previously impaired by AD. Furthermore, Arctiin reduced the expression of TLR4, NLRP3, STAT3, TGF-β, cyclin D1, and CDK2. CONCLUSION: Arctiin can enhance rats' behavior and structure of the hippocampus in AD rats. This is achieved through its ability to reduce the expression of both TLR4 and NLRP3, hence inhibiting the inflammasome pathway. Furthermore, Arctiin can improve tissue fibrosis by regulating STAT3 and TGF-β. Lastly, it can block the cell cycle proteins cyclin D1 and CDK2.
Advances in Developing Small Molecule Drugs for Alzheimer's Disease.
Zhang W, Zhang L, Lv M … +4 more , Fu Y, Meng X, Wang M, Wang H
Curr Alzheimer Res · 2024 · PMID 39136501 · Publisher ↗
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia among middle-aged and elderly individuals. Accelerating the prevention and treatment of AD has become an urgent problem. New technology including Computer-aide...
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia among middle-aged and elderly individuals. Accelerating the prevention and treatment of AD has become an urgent problem. New technology including Computer-aided drug design (CADD) can effectively reduce the medication cost for patients with AD, reduce the cost of living, and improve the quality of life of patients, providing new ideas for treating AD. This paper reviews the pathogenesis of AD, the latest developments in CADD and other small-molecule docking technologies for drug discovery and development; the current research status of small-molecule compounds for AD at home and abroad from the perspective of drug action targets; the future of AD drug development.
Alzheimer's Disease and Vascular Dementia, Connecting and Differentiating Features.
Hurla M, Banaszek N, Kozubski W … +1 more , Dorszewska J
Curr Alzheimer Res · 2025 · PMID 39076088 · Publisher ↗
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VD) are the leading causes of dementia, presenting a significant challenge in differential diagnosis. While their clinical presentations can overlap, their underlying patho...
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VD) are the leading causes of dementia, presenting a significant challenge in differential diagnosis. While their clinical presentations can overlap, their underlying pathologies are distinct. AD is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, leading to progressive neurodegeneration. VD, on the other hand, arises from cerebrovascular insults that disrupt blood flow to the brain, causing neuronal injury and cognitive decline. Despite distinct etiologies, AD and VD share common risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia. Recent research suggests a potential role for oral microbiota in both diseases, warranting further investigation. The diagnostic dilemma lies in the significant overlap of symptoms including memory loss, executive dysfunction, and personality changes. The absence of definitive biomarkers and limitations of current neuroimaging techniques necessitate a multi-modal approach integrating clinical history, cognitive assessment, and neuroimaging findings. Promising avenues for improved diagnosis include the exploration of novel biomarkers like inflammatory markers, MMPs, and circulating microRNAs. Additionally, advanced neuroimaging techniques hold promise in differentiating AD and VD by revealing characteristic cerebrovascular disease patterns and brain atrophy specific to each condition. By elucidating the complexities underlying AD and VD, we can refine diagnostic accuracy and optimize treatment strategies for this ever-growing patient population. Future research efforts should focus on identifying disease-specific biomarkers and developing more effective neuroimaging methods to achieve a definitive diagnosis and guide the development of targeted therapies.
Associations of Multimorbidity with Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers for Neurodegenerative Disorders in Early Parkinson's Disease: A Crosssectional and Longitudinal Study.
Zhang MZ, Sun Y, Chen YM … +4 more , Guo F, Gao PY, Tan L, Tan MS
Curr Alzheimer Res · 2024 · PMID 39041277 · Publisher ↗
OBJECT: The study aims to determine whether multimorbidity status is associated with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers for neurodegenerative disorders. METHODS: A total of 827 patients were enrolled from the Parkinson...
OBJECT: The study aims to determine whether multimorbidity status is associated with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers for neurodegenerative disorders. METHODS: A total of 827 patients were enrolled from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) database, including 638 patients with early-stage Parkinson's disease (PD) and 189 healthy controls (HCs). Multimorbidity status was evaluated based on the count of long-term conditions (LTCs) and the multimorbidity pattern. Using linear regression models, cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses were conducted to assess the associations of multimorbidity status with CSF biomarkers for neurodegenerative disorders, including α-synuclein (αSyn), amyloid-β (Aβ), total tau (t-tau), phosphorylated tau (p-tau), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and neurofilament light chain protein (NfL). RESULTS: At baseline, the CSF t-tau (p = 0.010), p-tau (p = 0.034), and NfL (p = 0.049) levels showed significant differences across the three categories of LTC counts. In the longitudinal analysis, the presence of LTCs was associated with lower Aβ (β < -0.001, p = 0.020), and higher t-tau (β = 0.007, p = 0.026), GFAP (β = 0.013, p = 0.022) and NfL (β = 0.020, p = 0.012); Participants with tumor/musculoskeletal/mental disorders showed higher CSF levels of t-tau (β = 0.016, p = 0.011) and p-tau (β = 0.032, p = 0.044) than those without multimorbidity. CONCLUSION: Multimorbidity, especially severe multimorbidity and the pattern of mental/musculoskeletal/ tumor disorders, was associated with CSF biomarkers for neurodegenerative disorders in early-stage PD patients, suggesting that multimorbidity might play a crucial role in aggravating neuronal damage in neurodegenerative diseases.
The Importance of Long-term Partner Observation in Cognitive Evaluation: A Very Early Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease in a Patient with Mild Cognitive Impairment.
Yuksel H, Eren EB, Maldar B … +1 more , Titiz AP
Curr Alzheimer Res · 2024 · PMID 39041276 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a fatal degenerative brain disease characterized by rapidly progressive dementia. Sporadic CJD (sCJD) is the best-known and most common subtype. Because the disease is uncom...
BACKGROUND: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a fatal degenerative brain disease characterized by rapidly progressive dementia. Sporadic CJD (sCJD) is the best-known and most common subtype. Because the disease is uncommon and has highly diverse presenting symptoms, early diagnosis is challenging. We herein report a case of probable sCJD diagnosed at a very early stage. CASE PRESENTATION: A 61-year-old female patient had mild attention and memory problems for a few months that were noticed by her husband but did not bother her and did not affect her daily life activities. The first brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at another hospital was normal, lacking diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). Although the newly taken brain MRI without DWI was normal, the patient's husband brought his patient to our outpatient clinic because he continued to think that there was a difference in his wife's attention and memory. A neurological examination of the patient revealed almost normal findings. The neuropsychiatric evaluation of the patient was consistent with mild cognitive impairment. The patient's electroencephalography taken upon admission had no characteristic findings for CJD but showed generalized epileptiform activity. Therefore, the patient was hospitalized, and a second brain MRI, including DWI sequences, was performed. DWI displayed bilateral asymmetrical typical patterns of restricted diffusion. Cerebrospinal fluid 14-3-3 was positive, and total-tau was highly elevated. She had a diagnosis of probable sCJD at an early stage. Later, the patient developed progressive dementia, ataxia, seizures, and extrapyramidal symptoms, followed by mutism, and died. CONCLUSION: Although there is no cure for CJD today, early diagnosis is essential, mainly because of its potential infectivity and for future planning. Diagnosing sCJD in its early stages is difficult. However, taking into account the observations of not only the patient's history but also their longterm partners in cognitive evaluations will be helpful in making an early and accurate diagnosis.
Drive My CAR-AD Research here, there and Everywhere.
Sáez JMG
Curr Alzheimer Res · 2024 · PMID 39023005 · Publisher ↗
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
Comprehensive Investigation of Natural Ligands as Inhibitors of β Secretase to Identify Alzheimer's Disease Therapeutics.
Kushwah S, Mani A
Curr Alzheimer Res · 2024 · PMID 39021181 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an alarmingly prevalent worldwide neurological disorder that affects millions of people and has severe effects on cognitive functions. The amyloid hypothesis, which links AD to A...
INTRODUCTION: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an alarmingly prevalent worldwide neurological disorder that affects millions of people and has severe effects on cognitive functions. The amyloid hypothesis, which links AD to Aβ (amyloid beta) plaque aggregation, is a well-acknowledged theory. The β-secretase (BACE1) is the main cause of Aβ production, which makes it a possible target for therapy. FDA-approved therapies for AD do exist, but none of them explicitly target BACE1, and their effectiveness is constrained and accompanied by adverse effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We determined the essential chemical components of medicinal herbs by conducting a thorough literature research for BACE1. Computational methods like molecular docking, ADMET (Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, toxicity) screening, molecular dynamic simulations, and MMPBSA analysis were performed in order to identify the most promising ligands for β-secretase. RESULTS: The results suggested that withasomniferol, tinosporide, and curcumin had better binding affinity with BACE1, suggesting their potential as therapeutic candidates against Alzheimer's disease. CONCLUSION: Herbal therapeutics have immense applications in the treatment of chronic diseases like Alzheimer's disease, and there is an urgent need to assess their efficacy as therapeutics.
Assessing the Stability of Clusters of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment.
Scarfo S, Moshfeghi Y, McGeown WJ
Curr Alzheimer Res · 2024 · PMID 39021180 · Publisher ↗
AIM: The aim of the study was to investigate the factors that underpin neuropsychiatric symptoms and how they might evolve over time in people with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia. B...
AIM: The aim of the study was to investigate the factors that underpin neuropsychiatric symptoms and how they might evolve over time in people with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia. BACKGROUND: Neuropsychiatric symptoms are psychiatric and behavioural manifestations that occur in people with AD. These are highly prevalent along the continuum of the disease, including at the stage of MCI, as well as before cognitive decline. Various small- and large-scale projects have investigated the underlying factors that underpin these symptoms; however, the identification of clear clusters is still a matter of debate; furthermore, no study has investigated how the clusters might change across the development of AD pathology by comparing different time points. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to investigate the factors that underpin neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and to assess how the loadings might differ based on considerations such as the disease stage of the samples. METHODS: Data was obtained from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative database (adni. loni.usc.edu), using scores from the Neuropsychiatric Inventory, followed up yearly from baseline until month 72. Participant groups included those with MCI or AD dementia, or a mixture of both, with all participants presenting with at least one neuropsychiatric symptom. A series of exploratory Principal Component and Factor (Principal Axis) Analyses were performed using Direct Oblimin rotation. RESULTS: The best-fitting structure was interpreted for each time point. A consistent, unique structure could not be identified, as the factors were unstable over time, both within the MCI and AD groups. However, some symptoms showed a tendency to load on the same factors across most measurements (i.e., agitation with irritability, depression with anxiety, elation with disinhibition, delusions with hallucinations). CONCLUSION: Although the analyses revealed some degree of co-occurrence of neuropsychiatric symptoms across time points/samples, there was also considerable variation. In the AD group, more discrete syndromes were evident at the early time points, whereas a more complex picture of co-occurring symptoms, with differences likely reflecting disease staging, was seen at later time points. As a clear and distinctive factor structure was not consistently identified across time points/ samples, this highlights the potential importance of sample selection (e.g., disease stage and/or heterogeneity) when studying, for example, the neurobiological underpinnings of neuropsychiatric symptoms.
A Look at the Etiology of Alzheimer's Disease based on the Brain Ischemia Model.
Pluta R
Curr Alzheimer Res · 2024 · PMID 38963100 · Publisher ↗
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the frequent form of dementia in the world. Despite over 100 years of research into the causes of AD, including amyloid and tau protein, the research has stalled and has not led to any conclus...
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the frequent form of dementia in the world. Despite over 100 years of research into the causes of AD, including amyloid and tau protein, the research has stalled and has not led to any conclusions. Moreover, numerous projects aimed at finding a cure for AD have also failed to achieve a breakthrough. Thus, the failure of anti-amyloid and anti-tau protein therapy to treat AD significantly influenced the way we began to think about the etiology of the disease. This situation prompted a group of researchers to focus on ischemic brain episodes, which, like AD, mostly present alterations in the hippocampus. In this context, it has been proposed that cerebral ischemic incidents may play a major role in promoting amyloid and tau protein in neurodegeneration in AD. In this review, we summarized the experimental and clinical research conducted over several years on the role of ischemic brain episodes in the development of AD. Studies have shown changes typical of AD in the course of brain neurodegeneration post-ischemia, i.e., progressive brain and hippocampal atrophy, increased amyloid production, and modification of tau protein. In the post-ischemic brain, the diffuse and senile amyloid plaques and the development of neurofibrillary tangles characteristic of AD were revealed. The above data evidently showed that after brain ischemia, there are modifications in protein folding, leading to massive neuronal death and damage to the neuronal network, which triggers dementia with the AD phenotype.
ROCK Inhibitor Fasudil Attenuates Neuroinflammation and Associated Metabolic Dysregulation in the Tau Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease.
Ouyang X, Collu R, Benavides GA … +4 more , Tian R, Darley-Usmar V, Xia W, Zhang J
Curr Alzheimer Res · 2024 · PMID 38910422 · Full text
BACKGROUND: The pathological manifestations of Alzheimer's disease (AD) include not only brain amyloid β protein (Aβ) containing neuritic plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau (p-- tau) containing neurofibrillary tangles b...
BACKGROUND: The pathological manifestations of Alzheimer's disease (AD) include not only brain amyloid β protein (Aβ) containing neuritic plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau (p-- tau) containing neurofibrillary tangles but also microgliosis, astrocytosis, and neurodegeneration mediated by metabolic dysregulation and neuroinflammation. METHODS: While antibody-based therapies targeting Aβ have shown clinical promise, effective therapies targeting metabolism, neuroinflammation, and p-tau are still an urgent need. Based on the observation that Ras homolog (Rho)-associated kinases (ROCK) activities are elevated in AD, ROCK inhibitors have been explored as therapies in AD models. This study determines the effects of fasudil, a ROCK inhibitor, on neuroinflammation and metabolic regulation in the P301S tau transgenic mouse line PS19 that models neurodegenerative tauopathy and AD. Using daily intraperitoneal (i.p.) delivery of fasudil in PS19 mice, we observed a significant hippocampal-specific decrease of the levels of phosphorylated tau (pTau Ser202/Thr205), a decrease of GFAP+ cells and glycolytic enzyme Pkm1 in broad regions of the brain, and a decrease in mitochondrial complex IV subunit I in the striatum and thalamic regions. RESULTS: Although no overt detrimental phenotype was observed, mice dosed with 100 mg/kg/day for 2 weeks exhibited significantly decreased mitochondrial outer membrane and electron transport chain (ETC) protein abundance, as well as ETC activities. CONCLUSION: Our results provide insights into dose-dependent neuroinflammatory and metabolic responses to fasudil and support further refinement of ROCK inhibitors for the treatment of AD.
Artificial Intelligence in Eye Movements Analysis for Alzheimer's Disease Early Diagnosis.
Maleki SF, Yousefi M, Sobhi N … +3 more , Jafarizadeh A, Alizadehsani R, Gorriz-Saez JM
Curr Alzheimer Res · 2024 · PMID 38840390 · Publisher ↗
As the world's population ages, Alzheimer's disease is currently the seventh most common cause of death globally; the burden is anticipated to increase, especially among middle-class and elderly persons. Artificial intel...
As the world's population ages, Alzheimer's disease is currently the seventh most common cause of death globally; the burden is anticipated to increase, especially among middle-class and elderly persons. Artificial intelligence-based algorithms that work well in hospital environments can be used to identify Alzheimer's disease. A number of databases were searched for English- language articles published up until March 1, 2024, that examined the relationships between artificial intelligence techniques, eye movements, and Alzheimer's disease. A novel non-invasive method called eye movement analysis may be able to reflect cognitive processes and identify anomalies in Alzheimer's disease. Artificial intelligence, particularly deep learning, and machine learning, is required to enhance Alzheimer's disease detection using eye movement data. One sort of deep learning technique that shows promise is convolutional neural networks, which need further data for precise classification. Nonetheless, machine learning models showed a high degree of accuracy in this context. Artificial intelligence-driven eye movement analysis holds promise for enhancing clinical evaluations, enabling tailored treatment, and fostering the development of early and precise Alzheimer's disease diagnosis. A combination of artificial intelligence-based systems and eye movement analysis can provide a window for early and non-invasive diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Despite ongoing difficulties with early Alzheimer's disease detection, this presents a novel strategy that may have consequences for clinical evaluations and customized medication to improve early and accurate diagnosis.
hdWGCNA and Cellular Communication Identify Active NK Cell Subtypes in Alzheimer's Disease and Screen for Diagnostic Markers through Machine Learning.
Song G, Wu H, Chen H … +6 more , Zhang S, Hu Q, Lai H, Fuller C, Yang G, Chi H
Curr Alzheimer Res · 2024 · PMID 38808722 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a recognized complex and severe neurodegenerative disorder, presenting a significant challenge to global health. Its hallmark pathological features include the deposition of β-amyl...
BACKGROUND: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a recognized complex and severe neurodegenerative disorder, presenting a significant challenge to global health. Its hallmark pathological features include the deposition of β-amyloid plaques and the formation of neurofibrillary tangles. Given this context, it becomes imperative to develop an early and accurate biomarker model for AD diagnosis, employing machine learning and bioinformatics analysis. METHODS: In this study, single-cell data analysis was employed to identify cellular subtypes that exhibited significant differences between the diseased and control groups. Following the identification of NK cells, hdWGCNA analysis and cellular communication analysis were conducted to pinpoint NK cell subset with the most robust communication effects. Subsequently, three machine learning algorithms-LASSO, Random Forest, and SVM-RFE-were employed to jointly screen for NK cell subset modular genes highly associated with AD. A logistic regression diagnostic model was then designed based on these characterized genes. Additionally, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks of model genes was established. Furthermore, unsupervised cluster analysis was conducted to classify AD subtypes based on the model genes, followed by the analysis of immune infiltration in the different subtypes. Finally, Spearman correlation coefficient analysis was utilized to explore the correlation between model genes and immune cells, as well as inflammatory factors. RESULTS: We have successfully identified three genes (RPLP2, RPSA, and RPL18A) that exhibit a high association with AD. The nomogram based on these genes provides practical assistance in diagnosing and predicting patients' outcomes. The interconnected genes screened through PPI are intricately linked to ribosome metabolism and the COVID-19 pathway. Utilizing the expression of modular genes, unsupervised cluster analysis unveiled three distinct AD subtypes. Particularly noteworthy is subtype C3, characterized by high expression, which correlates with immune cell infiltration and elevated levels of inflammatory factors. Hence, it can be inferred that the establishment of an immune environment in AD patients is closely intertwined with the heightened expression of model genes. CONCLUSION: This study has not only established a valuable diagnostic model for AD patients but has also delved deeply into the pivotal role of model genes in shaping the immune environment of individuals with AD. These findings offer crucial insights into early AD diagnosis and patient management strategies.
Plasma Biomarkers in Neurodegenerative Dementias: Unrevealing the Potential of Serum Oxytocin, BDNF, NPTX1, TREM2, TNF-alpha, IL-1 and Prolactin.
Olğun Y, Poyraz CA, Bozluolçay M … +2 more , Konukoğlu D, Poyraz BÇ
Curr Alzheimer Res · 2024 · PMID 38803182 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Dementia encompasses a range of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by cognitive decline and functional impairment. The identification of reliable biomarkers is essential for accurate diagnosis and gain...
BACKGROUND: Dementia encompasses a range of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by cognitive decline and functional impairment. The identification of reliable biomarkers is essential for accurate diagnosis and gaining insights into the mechanisms underlying diseases. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the plasma biomarker profiles associated with Brain- Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), Oxytocin, Neuronal Pentraxin-1 (NPTX1), Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells 2 (TREM2), Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), Interleukin- 1 (IL-1) and Prolactin in Alzheimer's disease (AD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), frontotemporal dementias (FTD) and healthy controls. METHODS: Serum levels of the aforementioned biomarkers were analyzed in 23 AD, 28 DLB, 15 FTD patients recruited from outpatient units and 22 healthy controls. Diagnostic evaluations followed established criteria and standardized clinical tests were conducted. Blood samples were collected and analyzed using ELISA and electrochemiluminescence immunoassay methods. RESULTS: Serum BDNF and oxytocin levels did not significantly differ across groups. NPTX1, TREM2, TNF-alpha and IL-1 levels also did not show significant differences among dementia groups. However, prolactin levels exhibited distinct patterns, with lower levels in male DLB patients and higher levels in female AD patients compared to controls. CONCLUSION: The study findings suggest potential shared mechanisms in dementia pathophysiology and highlight the importance of exploring neuroendocrine responses, particularly in AD and DLB. However, further research is warranted to elucidate the role of these biomarkers in dementia diagnosis and disease progression.
Effects of Cycloastragenol on Alzheimer's Disease in Rats by Reducing Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis.
Alharbi KM, Alshehri SA, Almarwani WA … +7 more , Aljohani KK, Albalawi AZ, Alatawi AS, Al-Atwi SM, Alhwyty LS, Hassan HM, Al-Gayyar MMH
Curr Alzheimer Res · 2024 · PMID 38766828 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: As individuals age, they may develop Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is characterized by difficulties in speech, memory loss, and other issues related to neural function. Cycloastragenol is an active ingredie...
BACKGROUND: As individuals age, they may develop Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is characterized by difficulties in speech, memory loss, and other issues related to neural function. Cycloastragenol is an active ingredient of Astragalus trojanus and has been used to treat inflammation, aging, heart disease, and cancer. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to explore the potential therapeutic benefits of cycloastragenol in rats with experimentally induced AD. Moreover, the underlying molecular mechanisms were also evaluated by measuring Nrf2 and HO-1, which are involved in oxidative stress, NFκB and TNF-α, which are involved in inflammation, and BCL2, BAX, and caspase-3, which are involved in apoptosis. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats were given 70 mg/kg of aluminum chloride intraperitoneally daily for six weeks to induce AD. Following AD induction, the rats were given 25 mg/kg of cycloastragenol daily by oral gavage for three weeks. Hippocampal sections were stained with hematoxylin/ eosin and with anti-caspase-3 antibodies. The Nrf2, HO-1, NFκB, TNF-α, BCL2, BAX, and caspase-3 gene expressions and protein levels in the samples were analyzed. RESULTS: Cycloastragenol significantly improved rats' behavioral test performance. It also strengthened the organization of the hippocampus. Cycloastragenol significantly improved behavioral performance and improved hippocampal structure in rats. It caused a marked decrease in the expression of NFκB, TNF-α, BAX, and caspase-3, which was associated with an increase in the expression of BCL2, Nrf2, and HO-1. CONCLUSION: Cycloastragenol improved the structure of the hippocampus in rats with AD. It enhanced the outcomes of behavioral tests, decreased the concentration of AChE in the brain, and exerted antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Antiapoptotic effects were also noted, leading to significant improvements in cognitive function, memory, and behavior in treated rats.
Prenatal Exposure to the 1944-45 Dutch Famine and Risk for Dementia up to Age 75: An Analysis of Primary Care Data.
Wiegersma AM, Boots A, van Bussel EF … +4 more , Lissenberg-Witte BI, Nielen MMJ, Roseboom TJ, de Rooij SR
Curr Alzheimer Res · 2024 · PMID 38706355 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: A poor prenatal environment adversely affects brain development. Studies investigating long-term consequences of prenatal exposure to the 1944-45 Dutch famine have shown that those exposed to famine in early...
BACKGROUND: A poor prenatal environment adversely affects brain development. Studies investigating long-term consequences of prenatal exposure to the 1944-45 Dutch famine have shown that those exposed to famine in early gestation had poorer selective attention, smaller brain volumes, poorer brain perfusion, older appearing brains, and increased reporting of cognitive problems, all indicative of increased dementia risk. OBJECTIVE: In the current population-based study, we investigated whether dementia incidence up to age 75 was higher among individuals who had been prenatally exposed to famine. METHODS: We included men (n=6,714) and women (n=7,051) from the Nivel Primary Care Database who had been born in seven cities affected by the Dutch famine. We used Cox regression to compare dementia incidence among individuals exposed to famine during late (1,231), mid (1,083), or early gestation (601) with those unexposed (born before or conceived after the famine). RESULTS: We did not observe differences in dementia incidence for those exposed to famine in mid or early gestation compared to those unexposed. Men and women exposed to famine in late gestation had significantly lower dementia rates compared to unexposed individuals (HR 0.52 (95%CI 0.30-0.89)). Sex-specific analyses showed a lower dementia rate in women exposed to famine in late gestation (HR 0.39 (95%CI 0.17-0.86)) but not in men (HR 0.68 (95%CI 0.33-1.41)). CONCLUSION: Although prenatal exposure to the Dutch famine has previously been associated with measures of accelerated brain aging, the present population-based study did not show increased dementia incidence up to age 75 in those exposed to famine during gestation.
Research Progress of Eye Movement Analyses and its Detection Algorithms in Alzheimer's Disease.
He X, Selesnick I, Zhu M
Curr Alzheimer Res · 2024 · PMID 38661033 · Publisher ↗
Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been considered one of the most challenging forms of dementia. The earlier the people are diagnosed with AD, the easier it is for doctors to find a treatment. Based on the previous literature...
Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been considered one of the most challenging forms of dementia. The earlier the people are diagnosed with AD, the easier it is for doctors to find a treatment. Based on the previous literature summarizing the research results on the relationship between eye movement and AD before 2013, this paper reviewed 34 original eye movements research papers only closely related to AD published in the past ten years and pointed out that the prosaccade (4 papers) and antisaccade (5 papers) tasks, reading tasks (3 papers), visual search tasks (3 papers) are still the research objects of many researchers, Some researchers have looked at King-Devick tasks (2 papers), reading tasks (3 papers) and special tasks (8 papers), and began to use combinations of different saccade tasks to detect the relationship between eye movement and AD, which had not been done before. These reflect the diversity of eye movement tasks and the complexity and difficulty of the relationship between eye movement and AD. On this basis, the current processing and analysis methods of eye movement datasets are analyzed and discussed in detail, and we note that certain key data that may be especially important for the early diagnosis of AD by using eye movement studies cannot be miss-classified as noise and removed. Finally, we note that the development of methods that can accurately denoise and classify and quickly process massive eye movement data is quite significant for detecting eye movements in early diagnosis of AD.
About
- Frequency
- Sun
- Papers found
- 200
- RSS feed
- Subscribe