Curr. Med. Chem. [JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Heavy Metals and One Health: Current Status and Future Prospects.
Kaur M, Pandey SK
Curr Med Chem · 2026 Mar · PMID 41832708 · Publisher ↗
Water resources are being continuously contaminated by heavy metals. The levels of these metals are increasing exponentially due to various factors such as natural calamities, anthropogenic activities, rapid industrializ...
Water resources are being continuously contaminated by heavy metals. The levels of these metals are increasing exponentially due to various factors such as natural calamities, anthropogenic activities, rapid industrialization, overuse of pesticides, agricultural runoff, and overpopulation. Heavy metals are elements that have a high atomic weight and densities at least five times greater than that of water. Metals such as lead, cadmium, chromium, nickel, mercury, and arsenic are non-biodegradable and tend to accumulate in the bodies of humans and animals, posing health risks such as gastrointestinal and cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, cancer, and bone and skin diseases, even when present in trace amounts. When these heavy metals enter the food chain by accumulating in agricultural soil, they adversely affect human, animal, and environmental health, disrupting the balance required for One Health initiatives. Additionally, heavy metal concentrations in water vary widely depending on geographical location. Various national and international regulatory bodies, including the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS), American Public Health Association (APHA), World Health Organization (WHO), Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), and Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), have established permissible limits for heavy metals in drinking water. Several studies have examined heavy metal contamination in water, assessing regional variations in concentration and evaluating their environmental, animal, and human health impacts. This study aims to review past research on groundwater, drinking water, and surface water in India and other countries, with an emphasis on the levels and types of heavy metals, contributing factors, health effects, current status, and future prospects.
Natural Products as Anti-Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype (SASP) Agents.
Yang L, Liu Y, Li Y … +2 more , Fu P, Ma L
Curr Med Chem · 2026 Mar · PMID 41832707 · Publisher ↗
Cellular senescence denotes an irreversible cell-cycle arrest implicated in or-ganismal aging and age-related disorders, distinguished by the Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype (SASP). SASP manifests the capacity...
Cellular senescence denotes an irreversible cell-cycle arrest implicated in or-ganismal aging and age-related disorders, distinguished by the Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype (SASP). SASP manifests the capacity of senescent cells to secrete a broad array of bioactive molecules-cytokines, chemokines, proteases, growth factors, and bioactive lipids that orchestrate diverse extracellular functions across pathological contexts. Senomorphic strategies that selectively suppress SASP have emerged as promising therapeutic avenues for mitigating aging-related pathologies. Natural prod-ucts, including polyphenols, flavonoids, and alkaloids, possess inherent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and have demonstrated significant efficacy in modulating SASP in both aging and diseases. This review, for the first time, systematically consoli-dates current investigations into natural compounds targeting SASP, providing a com-prehensive analysis of their underlying mechanisms, therapeutic potential, and pro-spects for clinical translation in non-cancerous age-related diseases. We delineate how SASP is initiated, its composition, pathophysiological roles, and how natural com-pounds modulate it, thereby establishing a foundation for future research and therapeu-tic development in ageing intervention.
Dual Antitumor and Antifungal Potential of Terpene and Propenylbenzene Amines.
Avendaño-Villarreal JA, Dias AO, Freitas TR … +7 more , Sabino AP, Valério AD, Protti JVV, Johann S, Gusevskaya EV, Dos Santos EN, de Oliveira RB
Curr Med Chem · 2026 Mar · PMID 41832706 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVE: Amino moieties are ubiquitous in pharmacologically active molecules. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the biological activities of 24 amines derived from naturally occu...
INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVE: Amino moieties are ubiquitous in pharmacologically active molecules. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the biological activities of 24 amines derived from naturally occurring terpenes and propenylbenzenes obtained through hydroaminomethylation. METHODS: The synthesized amines were assessed for cytotoxicity against two human tumor cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and K562). Antifungal activity was also evaluated against eight clinically relevant pathogenic fungal species. Standard reference drugs (etoposide and imatinib) were included for comparison. RESULTS: Several compounds exhibited cytotoxic activity, with IC50 values ranging from 25 to 60 μM, and selectivity indexes up to 7, comparable to or surpassing those of the reference drugs. Antifungal assays revealed that some terpene-derived amines were active against Cryptococcus gattii and Cryptococcus neoformans, with minimal inhibitory concentrations between 15.6 and 62.5 μM. DISCUSSION: The results indicate that amines derived from biobased terpenes and propenylbenzenes possess promising anticancer and antifungal profiles. The cytotoxicity and selectivity observed in certain compounds, along with their activity against Cryptococcus species, highlight the potential of these amino-functionalized derivatives for future optimization. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that hydroaminomethylation-derived amines from natural terpenes and propenylbenzenes show relevant cytotoxic and antifungal activities, supporting their potential as starting points for the development of new bioactive molecules.
Integrating 1H NMR-Based Fecal Metabolomics with Gut Microbiota-Metabolite Correlation Analysis and Network Pharmacology to Explore Anti-Hyperlipidemic Mechanisms of Red Clover in High-Fat Diet-Induced Mice.
Shen L, Xiang J, Liu Y … +4 more , Gu J, Fang S, Guo Z, Liang X
Curr Med Chem · 2026 Mar · PMID 41832705 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Hyperlipidemia (HLP) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and red clover (RC) extract has shown potential anti-hyperlipidemic effects in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). However, the underlying...
INTRODUCTION: Hyperlipidemia (HLP) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and red clover (RC) extract has shown potential anti-hyperlipidemic effects in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). However, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study aimed to elucidate the anti-hyperlipidemic mechanisms of RC by integrating 1H NMR-based fecal metabolomics, gut microbiota-metabolite correlation analysis, and network pharmacology. METHODS: The fecal metabolic profiles of HFD-induced mice treated with or without RC extract were analyzed using 1H NMR metabolomics to identify differential metabolites and pathways. Gut microbiota composition was assessed using linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe), and Spearman correlation analysis was employed to explore microbiota-metabolite-lipid interactions. Network pharmacology and molecular docking were used to identify the bioactive RC isoflavonoids, their in vivo metabolites, and key molecular targets. RESULTS: RC treatment modulated fecal metabolites, primarily affecting the amino acid metabolism, urea cycle, oxidative stress, and glycolysis pathways. It restored gut microbiota balance by enriching beneficial genera (Muribaculaceae, Akkermansia, Alloprevotella, and Alistipes), which was associated with increased production of short-chain fatty acids and reduced low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Conversely, the abundance of harmful genera (Dubosiella, Erysipelotrichaceae, Streptococcus, Faecalibaculum) decreased. Network pharmacology identified three RC isoflavonoids and 31 in vivo metabolites as the key active constituents against HLP. Metabolites C16 and C19 showed strong binding affinities to EGFR and TNF, key targets in HLP regulation. DISCUSSION: RC prototype compounds altered gut microbiota composition by enriching beneficial bacteria, including Muribaculaceae and Akkermansia, and suppressing harmful ones such as Faecalibaculum. These beneficial genera correlated with reduced LDL-C and increased SCFAs. Increased SCFA production improved gut barrier function and altered amino acid metabolism, a key pathway identified in 1H NMR-based fecal metabolomics analysis. In addition, RC's effects on urea cycle modulation, oxidative stress reduction, and glycolysis regulation contributed to improved lipid homeostasis. Secondly, the RC in vivo metabolites, particularly C16 and C19, directly targeted TNF and EGFR, inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress, as supported by the fecal metabolomics analysis. The anti-inflammatory effects of RC metabolites create a more favorable gut environment for beneficial gut bacteria. CONCLUSION: RC exerts anti-hyperlipidemic effects through a dual mechanism involving modulation of the gut microbiota and direct targeting of TNF and EGFR by its in vivo metabolites. This synergistic interplay underscores the potential of RC as a holistic therapeutic agent for HLP, targeting both microbial and molecular pathways.
Shikonin: Unraveling its Multi-Mechanistic Anticancer and Anti- Inflammatory Mechanisms.
Tan H, Li J, Li J … +4 more , Zhao M, Gu Y, Shi W, Zhang Y
Curr Med Chem · 2026 Mar · PMID 41832704 · Publisher ↗
Shikonin, a naphthoquinone secondary metabolite derived from the dried roots of Lithospermum erythrorhizon Sieb. et Zucc. (family Boraginaceae), has garnered significant attention in natural drug development due to its d...
Shikonin, a naphthoquinone secondary metabolite derived from the dried roots of Lithospermum erythrorhizon Sieb. et Zucc. (family Boraginaceae), has garnered significant attention in natural drug development due to its diverse pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and anti-tumor effects. Its anti- inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties are primarily mediated through the inhibition of key signaling pathways, such as NF-κB and MAPK, leading to the reduced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α and IL-8, and the modulation of Th17/Treg cell balance, thereby ameliorating pathological processes in autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease. As a prominent naphthoquinone, shikonin exerts its anti-cancer effects via multiple mechanisms, inducing tumor cell apoptosis, inhibiting proliferation and metastasis, and interfering with glycolytic metabolism. These actions collectively inhibit angiogenesis and remodel the tumor microenvironment. Despite its high efficacy and broad-spectrum anti-cancer activity in vitro, the clinical application of shikonin is constrained by potential toxicity. Consequently, structural modifications (e.g., optimizing hydroxyl substituents) are imperative to improve its selectivity and safety. This article comprehensively elucidates the multi-- target mechanisms of shikonin in regulating the inflammation-immune network and in cancer treatment, underscoring its "one drug, multiple effects" characteristic. Our findings provide a theoretical foundation and propose translational strategies for developing shikonin as a novel immunomodulator and a low-toxicity naphthoquinone-based anticancer agent.
Therapeutic potential of Corydalis alkaloids in polycystic ovary syndrome: In silico and preliminary In vitro Insights into ESR1 and SRC-associated pathways.
Fatima I, Rehman A, Rehman HU … +4 more , Warraich DA, Aldaw M, Meng Y, Liao M
Curr Med Chem · 2026 Mar · PMID 41832703 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine disorder affecting a substantial population of women of reproductive age, associated with a variety of long-term health complications. This study aimed t...
OBJECTIVE: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine disorder affecting a substantial population of women of reproductive age, associated with a variety of long-term health complications. This study aimed to explore the pharmacological potential of traditional medicinal plants Corydalis bungeana Turcz. and Corydalis decumbens (Thunb.) Pers. in treating PCOS using a network pharmacology approach. METHODS: A comprehensive phytochemical database was constructed, and potential compounds were analyzed for drug-likeness and oral bioavailability. Microarray datasets GSE98595 and GSE34526 were utilized to identify differentially expressed genes associated with PCOS. Subsequent network construction, pathway enrichment analysis, and molecular docking and simulation studies were conducted to ascertain the interaction of plant compounds with PCOS-related targets. RESULTS: The study identified 104 genes at the intersection of plant-derived compounds and PCOS-related genes. The anti-inflammatory and metabolic regulatory pathways emerged as key areas where these compounds could exert therapeutic effects. Molecular docking and dynamic simulations at 100 ns indicated strong binding affinities of selected phytochemicals to ESR1 and SRC proteins, suggesting their potential to modulate critical pathways involved in PCOS. CONCLUSION: C. bungeana Turcz. and C. decumbens (Thunb.) Pers. possess a range of bioactive compounds with potential therapeutic effects on PCOS. The network pharmacology approach unveiled the multi-faceted interactions of these compounds with PCOS-related biological pathways, providing a foundation for the development of novel, multi-targeted therapeutic strategies for PCOS. Further experimental and clinical validation is required to translate these findings into tangible clinical benefits.
A Computational Strategy to Identify Hub Genes in Pathway Analysis of Gamma Tocotrienol-treated MCF-7 Cells and Molecular Docking Study Using Selected Phytochemicals as Therapeutic Agents.
Kumari D, Nagendra G, Gouthami K … +1 more , Damodara Reddy V
Curr Med Chem · 2026 Mar · PMID 41832702 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Breast cancer is a highly prevalent malignancy in women, necessitating the discovery of novel therapeutic approaches. Researchers have focused on various medicinal plants for their therapeutic benefits, inc...
INTRODUCTION: Breast cancer is a highly prevalent malignancy in women, necessitating the discovery of novel therapeutic approaches. Researchers have focused on various medicinal plants for their therapeutic benefits, including anti-carcinogenic properties. These plants are abundant in nature, generally safe, cost-effective, and exhibit lower toxicity compared to currently available synthetic cancer treatments. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study employed a bioinformatic approach to identify potential biomarkers and signaling pathways. Analysis of Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset GSE21946 (Gamma tocotrienol-treated MCF-7 cells) revealed 250 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 175 upregulated and 75 downregulated genes. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses identified significant functional pathways and candidate genes. Protein- protein interaction (PPI) network analysis further revealed four key gene candidates: EGR1, JUN, SREBF1, and TGIF1. RESULTS: This study also evaluated the identification of potent bioactive compounds through computational screening of 10 phytochemicals with established anticancer properties to inform the development of effective breast cancer therapies. Using the SwissADME and admetSAR online servers, these phytochemicals were assessed for pharmacokinetic properties and pharmacophore features. DISCUSSION: Docking studies were conducted with the four hub gene targets. The results indicated that Quercetin (-6.1 to -7.7 Kcal/mol) and Kaempferol (-6.0 to -7.3 Kcal/mol) exhibited the highest negative binding affinities and strongest H-bond interactions with all four targeted proteins when compared to FDA-approved standard drugs Alpelisib, Capivasertib, Elacestrant, and Silibinin. CONCLUSION: These findings may facilitate the development of traditional medicinebased therapeutic strategies and provide insights for potential lead optimization in breast cancer drug discovery.
Emerging Therapies in Hypercholesterolemia: Mechanistic Insight and Key Molecular Inhibitors.
Singh DD
Curr Med Chem · 2026 Mar · PMID 41832701 · Publisher ↗
Hypercholesterolemia remains a critical global risk factor for cardiovascular disease, necessitating continued innovation in lipid-lowering strategies. Traditional therapies, such as statins and bile acid sequestrants, a...
Hypercholesterolemia remains a critical global risk factor for cardiovascular disease, necessitating continued innovation in lipid-lowering strategies. Traditional therapies, such as statins and bile acid sequestrants, are effective; however, current treatments have limitations, including side effects and variable responses. Advances in lipid metabolism have enabled the development of novel agents targeting new molecular pathways. This manuscript reviews cholesterol biosynthesis, the pathophysiology and diagnosis of hypercholesterolemia, and current treatment options, with emphasis on the mechanisms of action and therapeutic challenges. It highlights emerging therapies, such as proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors. ATP-Citrate lyases inhibitors (e.g., bempedoic acid), and small interfering RNAs (e.g., inclisiram), alongside nutraceuticals and gene-editing strategies. These novel agents modulate low-density lipoprotein cholesterol absorption, transport, and synthesis simultaneously. By outlining current prospective molecular targets, this work aims to inform the next generation of personalized, effective, and sustainable Hypercholesterolemia treatments, paving the way for precision and specific cardiovascular risk management.
The potential of Actinobacteria in Combating Antimicrobial Resistance: A Review of Biotechnological Applications.
Dos Santos de Souza G, Almeida Lima AM, Sousa Carvalho AT … +3 more , Ricardo Silva Gomes W, Silva Alves M, Guerra Martinez C
Curr Med Chem · 2026 Mar · PMID 41832700 · Publisher ↗
UNLABELLED: Antimicrobial resistance remains one of the most critical challenges to global public health, intensifying the search for novel bioactive compounds capable of combating multidrug-resistant microorganisms. In...
UNLABELLED: Antimicrobial resistance remains one of the most critical challenges to global public health, intensifying the search for novel bioactive compounds capable of combating multidrug-resistant microorganisms. In this context, actinobacteria have gained attention due to their remarkable biosynthetic capacity, producing a wide array of secondary metabolites with significant pharmaceutical and biotechnological potential. It is estimated that approximately 70% of clinically used antibiotics originate from these microorganisms. Among them, the genus Streptomyces stands out for its exceptional ability to synthesize diverse bioactive molecules, including antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, immunosuppressive, and antitumor agents. OBJECTIVE: This review aims to analyze the current literature on the antimicrobial potential of actinobacteria. METHODOLOGY: Searches were carried out in the National Library of Medicine (PubMed MEDLINE), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), and ScienceDirect databases, covering publications from 2015 to 2024 in English and Portuguese. The descriptors used included "actinobacteria," "antimicrobial properties," "secondary metabolites," and "bioprospecting," along with their Portuguese equivalents. After screening and the removal of duplicates and unrelated studies, 102 articles were selected for detailed analysis. RESULTS: Actinobacteria, especially those isolated from marine and extreme environments, are prolific producers of compounds with novel structures and mechanisms of action. Several studies reported the discovery of antibiotics effective against resistant bacteria, antifungal agents targeting pathogenic fungi, and immunosuppressive compounds with therapeutic relevance. In addition to medical applications, actinobacteria also show potential in sustainable industrial processes through enzyme and biocatalyst production. DISCUSSION: The prolific biosynthetic capacity of actinobacteria remains a contemporary imperative against multidrug resistance. Their metabolic diversity continues to yield compounds with novel mechanisms. However, persistently high rediscovery rates reveal that traditional bioprospecting has reached diminishing returns. Unlocking the true therapeutic potential of these microorganisms now depends fundamentally on integrating advanced genomic tools, metabolic engineering, and innovative cultivation strategies. These approaches are essential to access silent biosynthetic gene clusters and delivering the next generation of novel bioactive compounds. CONCLUSION: These findings reinforce the importance of actinobacteria as strategic microbial resources for the discovery of new drugs and innovative biotechnological solutions to current global challenges.
Reduced Expression of LINC01515 Suppresses Proliferation and Invasion of Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells via Modulation of the miR-33a-5p/HMGA2 Signaling Axis.
Wang Q, Liu Y, Chen J … +1 more , Gai L
Curr Med Chem · 2026 Mar · PMID 41820786 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: This study examined the regulatory mechanisms and functional significance of LINC01515 in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) cells. METHODS: Associations between LINC01515 levels and patient survival were analyzed usi...
OBJECTIVE: This study examined the regulatory mechanisms and functional significance of LINC01515 in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) cells. METHODS: Associations between LINC01515 levels and patient survival were analyzed using TCGA data, and qRT-PCR was employed to assess LINC01515 transcript levels in both LUAD tissues (n = 15) and cell lines. Following LINC01515 silencing, changes in migration, proliferation, cellular viability, and invasion were evaluated using colony formation, CCK-8, and Transwell assays. Bioinformatics predictions of relationships among LINC01515, miR-33a-5p, and HMGA2 were confirmed using dual-luciferase reporter assays. Functional cellular experiments further verified that LINC01515 modulates both growth and motility via the miR-33a-5p/HMGA2 regulatory axis, and mouse xenograft models were employed to determine the effects of LINC01515 depletion on tumor development. RESULTS: Compared with matched normal controls, LINC01515 levels were markedly higher in LUAD tissues (p<0.01). Moreover, both cellular and animal functional tests revealed that LINC01515 silencing significantly decreased cell motility, colony-forming capacity, proliferation, and invasive potential. Further mechanistic investigations showed that LINC01515 acts as a competing endogenous RNA by sequestering miR-33a-5p, thereby alleviating the suppression of HMGA2 expression. Moreover, rescue assays confirmed that the regulatory interplay among LINC01515, miR-33a-5p, and HMGA2 is a key determinant of LUAD cell proliferation and motility. DISCUSSION: These data identify LINC01515 as an oncogenic driver of LUAD via a cytoplasmic ceRNA mechanism that derepresses HMGA2 through miR-33a-5p. Clinically, measuring LINC01515 may aid risk stratification and prognosis, and therapeutically, targeting LINC01515 or restoring the miR-33a-5p/HMGA2 balance represents a tractable axis to curb LUAD growth and dissemination, extending the lncRNA-based framework for precision oncology. CONCLUSION: LINC01515 is predominantly distributed in the cytoplasm of LUAD cells and promotes oncogenic behavior through modulation of the miR-33a-5p/HMGA2 axis, suggesting the potential of LINC01515 as a biomarker and target in LUAD management.
In Vitro, In Vivo and Ex Vivo Irradiation Research of Low-frequency Ultrasound Combined with Chemotherapy for Ovarian Carcinoma Cells.
Fan LY, Yu H, Zhao B … +2 more , Cui LW, Shen ZY
Curr Med Chem · 2026 Mar · PMID 41820322 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: To investigate the effects of 20 kHz low-frequency ultrasound irradiation-mediated microbubbles (USMB) combined with chemotherapy paclitaxel and cisplatin (PC) on ovarian cancer cells. METHODS: In the in vi...
INTRODUCTION: To investigate the effects of 20 kHz low-frequency ultrasound irradiation-mediated microbubbles (USMB) combined with chemotherapy paclitaxel and cisplatin (PC) on ovarian cancer cells. METHODS: In the in vitro research, ovarian cancer cell lines were divided into four groups: control, USMB, PC, and USMB+PC. The cell membrane structure was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A TUNEL assay was used to investigate cell apoptosis. In the in vivo study, USMB+PC was used to treat the ascites in the nude mice. The ascites volumes were calculated by magnetic resonance imaging. In the ex vivo research, ascites samples of clinical ovarian cancer patients were collected and focused with USMB+PC and observed by liquid-based cytology. RESULTS: SEM revealed cell wall defects in the USMB and USMB+PC, with pores ranging from 5 to 15 μm in diameter. The USMB+PC had the highest apoptosis rate, with statistical differences compared to the other three groups (all p<0.05). After USMB+PC treatment, the volume of ascites in the nude mice decreased (t=3.6, p=0.0228). In the USMB+PC, tumour cells in the ascites showed obvious degeneration and necrosis. DISCUSSION: The mechanism is that US irradiation causes MBs to rupture, generating shock waves, damaging tumor cell walls, forming pores (sonoporation), leading to more drugs entering cancer cells. The clinical significance of this technology is that it can increase the dosage of locally targeted tumor cells, reduce systemic chemotherapy use/or the clinical dosage of chemotherapy drugs, and decrease the toxic side effects on normal tissue cells. The limitation is that there are relatively few cases of patients with ex vivo ascites. Future research direction is US irradiation on ex vivo ascites of ovarian cancer patients with different histological types. CONCLUSION: US cavitation and chemotherapy inhibit ovarian cancer cells.
Broccoli and Other Botanicals in the Prevention and Treatment of Premenstrual Syndrome.
Gasmi A, Noor S, Piscopo S … +9 more , Gasmi Benahmed A, Menzel A, Shanaida M, Lysiuk R, Darmohray R, Shapovalova N, Antoniv O, Shanaida V, Bjørklund G
Curr Med Chem · 2026 Mar · PMID 41788002 · Publisher ↗
Pre-menstrual syndrome (PMS) consists of a range of physical, mental, and behavioral changes that can affect women at various stages during their menstrual cycle. These changes are caused by fluctuations in hormone level...
Pre-menstrual syndrome (PMS) consists of a range of physical, mental, and behavioral changes that can affect women at various stages during their menstrual cycle. These changes are caused by fluctuations in hormone levels, which play a significant role in PMS. Diet, along with other practices, can help reduce the symptoms related to PMS. Even small dietary changes like increased intake of certain foods and less caffeine consumption may help to mitigate or regulate PMS symptoms. This study aimed to evaluate broccoli and various phytoconstituents from plants for the prevention and treatment of PMS in women of reproductive age. It was found that certain plant-based foods and some bioactive compounds can mimic the body's natural estrogen and, therefore, may contribute to reproductive health issues. The beneficial effects of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) and its main phytoconstituents have been evaluated in the case of PMS. Various flavonoids and sulfur-containing compounds were regarded as the key bioactive compounds present in broccoli. It is also characterized by a balanced content of vitamins, minerals, and trace elements. Glucosinolates are special secondary metabolites of broccoli as well as other cruciferous plants that, upon hydrolysis by myrosinase, can generate a variety of essential biologically active compounds, of which sulforaphane is a potent therapeutic compound. Broccoli is the ideal material for obtaining sulforaphane among the vegetables of the Brassicaceae family, and, therefore, its consumption is increasing. Generally, broccoli can act as a powerful agent to mitigate PMS symptoms as it can correct the hormonal balance in the female body. Some medicinal plants containing phytoestrogens also play an important role in relieving PMS.
Unveiling the Small Molecules Binding Site of CD36 Cell Surface Receptor Through Docking and Molecular Dynamics Simulations.
Montes-Mondragón N, Salgado-Brito R, García-Sánchez JR … +5 more , Bello M, Correa-Basurto J, Sandoval-Herrera V, Zamudio-Hernández SR, Méndez-Luna D
Curr Med Chem · 2026 Feb · PMID 41764615 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: CD36 is a transmembrane glycoprotein involved in lipid uptake and signal transduction, playing a crucial role in various physiological and pathological processes. Structurally, it is composed primarily of a...
INTRODUCTION: CD36 is a transmembrane glycoprotein involved in lipid uptake and signal transduction, playing a crucial role in various physiological and pathological processes. Structurally, it is composed primarily of an ectodomain (residues 30-439), which is essential for ligand binding and facilitating Long-Chain Fatty Acid (LCFA) uptake. Two lysine residues (K164 and K166) have been proposed to contribute significantly to LCFA internalization. Elucidating the ligand-binding cavities within CD36 can provide structural insights that may serve as a foundation for drug design. METHODS: In this study, we employed a combination of molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and cavity-detection algorithms to investigate the structural basis of CD36 interactions with small molecules and fatty acids. RESULTS: We identified three main ligand-binding regions: a primary LCFA-binding cavity, a secondary LCFA-binding cavity, and a Small-Molecule Acceptor Cavity (SMAC). We evaluated three derivatives of the N-(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxybenzylidene)acetohydrazide scaffold (AP5055, AP5156, and AP5258), two polyphenolic compounds (Puerarin and Salvianolic acid), and two well-known CD36 inhibitors (SSO and MTN). DISCUSSION: Our findings implicate residues K334, E335, and R337 in disrupting LCFA uptake, while residues T195, L200, F201, Y202, P203, T207, A208, D209, Y230, and K231 delineate the initial segment of the SMAC. CONCLUSION: This study highlights critical residues and structural features involved in ligand recognition by CD36. The identification of the SMAC and its role in modulating LCFA uptake provides promising insights for the development of therapeutic agents targeting CD36-related pathologies, including cancer, diabetes, and metabolic disorders.
Herbal Medicines and Drugs Interactions: Cytochrome P450 Responsibility.
Shanaida M, Oleshchuk O, Shevchuk O … +5 more , Posokhova K, Ivankiv Y, Mocherniuk K, Klantsa M, Korda M
Curr Med Chem · 2026 Feb · PMID 41764614 · Publisher ↗
Despite the global prevalence of herbal medicine use and the common perception of their safety, substantial evidence indicates a significant potential for clinically relevant herb-drug interactions that may affect the ph...
Despite the global prevalence of herbal medicine use and the common perception of their safety, substantial evidence indicates a significant potential for clinically relevant herb-drug interactions that may affect the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of co-administered pharmaceuticals. This critical issue poses a considerable threat to patient safety and the effectiveness of conventional treatments, primarily through modulation of the cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzyme system, a key metabolic pathway for many drugs. This research aims to elucidate how herbal remedies affect CYP450 enzyme activity, thereby influencing drug pharmacokinetics. Our methodology involves a comprehensive critical evaluation of existing scientific data from in silico, in vitro, and in vivo studies, clinical trials, and meta-analyses to identify specific herbal medicines with significant effects on CYP450. The investigation outlines their mechanisms of action, distinguishing between enzyme induction, which can diminish drug efficacy, and inhibition, which may lead to increased drug concentrations and toxicity. It was highlighted that certain medicinal plants and their bioactive compounds may act as inducers or inhibitors across major isoforms, including CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4. Comprehensive data were compiled for ten plant species with the most extensive scientific information regarding their effects on CYP450, namely St John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L.), Echinacea (Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench), Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.), Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge), Garlic (Allium sativum L.), Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe), Milk thistle (Silybum marianum L. Gaertn.), Black cohosh (Actaea racemosa L.), Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Mey), and Liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.). Ultimately, this study underscores the vital role of the CYP450 system in mediating these interactions and advocates for increased awareness among healthcare professionals and patients. Looking ahead, conducting robust, standardised clinical trials, developing predictive interaction models, and performing comprehensive analyses of herbal constituents are crucial to ensuring safe and effective pharmacotherapy involving herbal medicines.
Vitamin D Status and Its Relationship with Platelet Parameters in Young Adults: Evidence from a Cross-Sectional Study.
Uludag S, Uludag K
Curr Med Chem · 2026 Feb · PMID 41764613 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Recently, there has been growing interest in the roles of vitamin D and certain platelet characteristics, such as mean platelet volume (MPV). However, the influence of vitamin D levels on these platelet trait...
BACKGROUND: Recently, there has been growing interest in the roles of vitamin D and certain platelet characteristics, such as mean platelet volume (MPV). However, the influence of vitamin D levels on these platelet traits is still under discussion. The available research on the relationship between vitamin D levels and platelet parameters, including MPV, Platelet Distribution Width (PDW), Platelet Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR), and Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), is currently limited. The objective of our study was to examine the association between vitamin D levels and platelet parameters in apparently healthy individuals. METHODS: In this study, we evaluated vitamin D levels alongside complete blood count parameters in patients presenting to family medicine polyclinics with non-specific complaints such as fatigue and generalized weakness. Eligible participants were aged 18-28 years and had no history of chronic disease, regular medication use, or pregnancy. From an initial cohort, 877 participants met the inclusion criteria. Individuals with vitamin D levels exceeding 150 ng/mL were excluded. The remaining participants were stratified into three groups according to their serum vitamin D concentrations: 30-150 ng/mL, 20-30 ng/mL, and <20 ng/mL. RESULTS: When the vitamin D groups were evaluated in terms of MPV, PDW, PLR, and NLR, no significant difference was found (p = 0.112, p = 0.236, p = 0.223, and p = 0.249, respectively). Additionally, when using the Spearman correlation test, we did not observe any significant correlation between vitamin D and the other inflammatory biomarkers examined in our study (p>0.05). Furthermore, after gender adjustment, we found that the correlation between vitamin D and other biomarkers investigated in our study was not significant (p>0.05). DISCUSSION: The absence of significant association observed in this young, ostensibly healthy cohort suggests that the potential immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of vitamin D may not translate into measurable changes in standard platelet parameters in the absence of significant inflammatory or metabolic pathology. This observation aligns with the concept that vitamin D's impact on hematological indices might be context- dependent, becoming more pronounced in states of chronic disease, heightened inflammation, or advanced age. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded stating that, no significant effect of vitamin D levels on MPV, PDW, PLR, and NLR parameters was observed. However, the sample size for this research was limited. To better understand the relationship between vitamin D levels and platelet parameters, larger and prospective cohort studies are required.
Melatonin: Novel Insights in the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases.
Lashgari NA, Tajdari M, Nikdoost P … +5 more , Mavaddat H, Peyrovinasab A, Momeni Roudsari N, Abbasi-Kashkoli H, Abdolghaffari AH
Curr Med Chem · 2026 Feb · PMID 41755415 · Publisher ↗
Melatonin, a hormone primarily synthesized by the pineal gland and known for regulating sleep-wake cycles, has emerged as a promising therapeutic agent in neurodegenerative diseases. Recent research has uncovered novel i...
Melatonin, a hormone primarily synthesized by the pineal gland and known for regulating sleep-wake cycles, has emerged as a promising therapeutic agent in neurodegenerative diseases. Recent research has uncovered novel insights into melatonin's neuroprotective effects, including its ability to modulate mitochondrial function, enhance autophagy, and regulate epigenetic mechanisms, offering new therapeutic avenues. This review summarizes current knowledge, novel mechanisms, and future research directions of melatonin in neurodegenerative diseases. This review synthesizes evidence from clinical trials and preclinical research published between 1960 and March 2025, sourced from PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Library. Findings highlight melatonin's potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which mitigate oxidative stress, reduce neuroinflammation, and promote neuronal survival. Additionally, melatonin supplementation has shown promise in improving sleep disturbances, cognitive function, and quality of life in neurodegenerative diseases. Emerging evidence also suggests synergistic effects of melatonin with other neuroprotective agents and its potential in early-stage disease intervention. Despite these advances, challenges remain, including optimizing dosing regimens and understanding long-term effects. By integrating preclinical and clinical insights, this review underscores melatonin's potential as a multifaceted therapeutic agent in neurodegenerative diseases.
Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition as a Therapeutic Target for MicroRNAs in Triple Negative Breast Cancer.
Kabasheva A, Issakhanov D, Barlev N
Curr Med Chem · 2026 Feb · PMID 41755414 · Publisher ↗
Breast Cancer (BC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths among females. Due to its broad heterogeneity, BC can be categorized into many subtypes, with Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) as the most aggr...
Breast Cancer (BC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths among females. Due to its broad heterogeneity, BC can be categorized into many subtypes, with Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) as the most aggressive one. TNBC, in addition to its unique pathophysiological features, is also characterized by specific molecular events. It is well-documented that the pathogenesis of TNBC is at least partially promoted by the process of Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT). The development of EMT-associated drug resistance and metastases in TNBC patients despite chemotherapeutic treatment highlights the urgent need for the development of new treatment options. Therapeutic delivery of specific anti-tumor microRNAs is considered a promising approach for treating various forms of cancer. Analysis of the current literature suggests that EMT-suppressing microRNAs may represent a novel therapeutic treatment of breast cancer. The systemic delivery of microRNAs miR-34, miR-200, and miR-425, which specifically target the molecular drivers of EMT, showed great promise in treating TNBC in preclinical studies. However, the low specificity of systemic delivery of microRNAs in vivo, high levels of microRNA diffusion from liposomes, and high nonspecific toxicity dampen enthusiasm for the immediate use of this therapeutic approach in the clinic. This review examines the molecular mechanisms of EMT-induced drug resistance in TNBC and highlights new advances in the development of microRNA- based molecular therapy. Lastly, possible ways to overcome these shortcomings are also discussed.
The Anti-Aging Benefits of Phytoestrogens: Insights and Evidence.
Shanaida M, Oleshchuk O, Gontova T … +11 more , Fira L, Beley N, Herasymets I, Mocherniuk K, Lukanyuk M, Koshovyi O, Raal A, Lykhatskyi P, Fira D, Beley S, Bjørklund G
Curr Med Chem · 2026 Feb · PMID 41735208 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Phytoestrogens are polyphenolic bioactive compounds found in various plants and plant-based foods. The purpose of this study was to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the diversity and pharmacological pote...
INTRODUCTION: Phytoestrogens are polyphenolic bioactive compounds found in various plants and plant-based foods. The purpose of this study was to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the diversity and pharmacological potential of phytoestrogens in relation to age-related disorders, as well as to assess their potential toxicity. METHODS: A systematic review of studies published over the last two decades was conducted, utilizing databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. The selection criteria focused on studies that explored the therapeutic effects of phytoestrogens. RESULTS: Modern research has highlighted the significant therapeutic potential of phytoestrogens, particularly in sources like soy (Glycine max L.), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), red grapes (Vitis vinifera L.), hops (Humulus lupulus L.), flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.), and black cohosh (Actaea racemosa L.). Soy isoflavones - genistein, equol, and daidzein - have been extensively studied through experimental and clinical trials, demonstrating their efficacy in managing aging-related health disorders. Similarly, resveratrol, a stilbene abundant in grapes and red wine, has well-documented phytoestrogenic properties. DISCUSSION: The wide-ranging health benefits of phytoestrogens include alleviation of menopausal symptoms and reduction in the risks of metabolic disorders, osteoporosis, hormone-dependent cancers, cardiovascular and brain diseases, as well as skin aging. While phytoestrogens can be advantageous in estrogen-deficient states, they may pose risks when excess estrogen is unnecessary. Thus, their effects are influenced by individual physiological conditions, suggesting that targeted intake through supplements or medications, coupled with reduced dietary exposure, could optimize benefits. CONCLUSION: This review systematically examines the chemical diversity, pharmacological effects, and therapeutic properties of phytoestrogens and their herbal sources, based on studies published over the last two decades, using data from PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus.
Curcumin and Curcuminoids: Biological Activities and Clinical Studies.
Aiello V, Iacopetta D, Catalano A … +5 more , Basile G, Aiello F, Conforti FL, Bonofiglio D, Sinicropi MS
Curr Med Chem · 2026 Feb · PMID 41735207 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Curcuma longa L. (turmeric) is an herbaceous perennial plant belonging to the Zingiberaceae (ginger) family. A lipophilic substance called "curcumin", a spice widely used in different cuisines, is extracted...
INTRODUCTION: Curcuma longa L. (turmeric) is an herbaceous perennial plant belonging to the Zingiberaceae (ginger) family. A lipophilic substance called "curcumin", a spice widely used in different cuisines, is extracted from the rhizome of this plant through drying and milling. This spice confers a flavor and the typical yellow-orange color to food, and has always attracted the attention of the scientific community due to the presence of polyphenols with remarkable biological activities, including curcuminoids, which consist of curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin. Curcumin and curcuminoids exhibit different biological activities in vitro; however, their effectiveness in vivo is limited. Consequently, numerous formulations have been developed to enhance bioavailability and demonstrate promising effects for the treatment of various illnesses. METHODS: For this narrative review, the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases were searched using the following key terms in titles and abstracts: nanocurcumin, curcumin nanoparticle, curcumin nanoformulations, intervention studies, controlled trials, randomized controlled trials, and clinical trials. RESULTS: This review describes the effects of curcumin and its derivatives as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant molecules, and their involvement in cancer, with a focus on epigenetic, chronic degenerative, and autoimmune diseases. Moreover, clinical trials using certain curcumin-based nanoformulations have also been reported. DISCUSSION: The important biological effects of curcumin and curcuminoids, together with their nanoformulations, are discussed in this review. CONCLUSION: All the beneficial properties of curcumin may complement conventional drug therapies and enhance their effectiveness in disorders associated with chronic inflammation and oxidative stress.
The Current Research Landscape on Integrating Artificial Intelligence with Ultrasound Imaging for Cancer Diagnosis: A Dual-Database Bibliometric Study.
Miao X, Wang J, Paerhati H … +2 more , Wu A, Zhang M
Curr Med Chem · 2026 Feb · PMID 41716054 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Early cancer detection is crucial for improving outcomes. Ultrasound (US) imaging is widely accessible and cost-effective but limited by operator dependency and modest tissue contrast. Over the past decade,...
INTRODUCTION: Early cancer detection is crucial for improving outcomes. Ultrasound (US) imaging is widely accessible and cost-effective but limited by operator dependency and modest tissue contrast. Over the past decade, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been increasingly utilized to enhance ultrasound-based cancer diagnosis, yet a comprehensive overview of this research landscape remains lacking. METHODS: We conducted a dual-database bibliometric analysis of literature from the Web of Science Core Collection and Scopus database covering 2015 to April 2025, using R software, VOSviewer, and CiteSpace. RESULTS: The field has grown rapidly since 2020, with 1,848 publications identified in the Web of Science dataset. China led in publication volume (n = 869) and showed the broadest international collaboration network, followed by the USA (n = 187), India (n = 113), Korea (n = 97), and Japan (n = 64). Frontiers in Oncology, Diagnostics, and Cancers were the most productive journals, while Radiology achieved the highest citation impact. Keyword co-occurrence and citation burst analyses revealed three major research hotspots. Firstly, designing deep learning-based computer-aided diagnosis models for automated cancer detection, segmentation, and classification. Secondly, embedding AI into clinical workflows to improve diagnostic accuracy and efficiency. Thirdly, developing multimodal fusion strategies to enhance diagnosis and guide prognosis and therapy. DISCUSSION: Integrating AI with US imaging shows strong potential to enhance cancer diagnosis. From algorithm refinement to clinical implementation and multimodal radiomics, AI-assisted US imaging may significantly impact cancer care. CONCLUSION: Future work should emphasize large, diverse datasets, multimodal integration, transparent algorithms, and prospective validation to ensure measurable patient benefits.
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