Med Sci Monit Basic Res [JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects of Repeated Exposure to Cruciferous Allyl Nitrile in Sensitizer-Induced Ear Edema in Mice.
Tanii H, Sugitani K, Saijoh K
Med Sci Monit Basic Res · 2016 Feb · PMID 26932717 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Skin sensitizers induce allergic reactions through the induction of reactive oxygen species. Allyl nitrile from cruciferous vegetables has been reported to induce antioxidants and phase II detoxification enzy...
BACKGROUND: Skin sensitizers induce allergic reactions through the induction of reactive oxygen species. Allyl nitrile from cruciferous vegetables has been reported to induce antioxidants and phase II detoxification enzymes in various tissues. We assessed the effects of repeated exposure to allyl nitrile on sensitizer-induced allergic reactions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Mice were dosed with allyl nitrile (0-200 µmol/kg), and then received a dermal application of 1 of 3 sensitizers on the left ear or 1 of 2 vehicles on the right ear. Quantitative assessment of edema was carried out by measuring the difference in weight between the portions taken from the right and left ears. We tested enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in ears. RESULTS: Repeated exposure to allyl nitrile reduced edemas induced by glutaraldehyde and by 2, 4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB), but not by formaldehyde. The repeated exposure decreased levels of TBARS, a marker of oxidative stress, induced by glutaraldehyde and by DNCB, but not by formaldehyde. Allyl nitrile elevated SOD levels for the 3 sensitizers, and CAT levels for formaldehyde and DNCB. Allyl nitrile also increased GPx levels for formaldehyde and DNCB, but not for glutaraldehyde. The reduced edemas were associated with changes in oxidative stress levels and antioxidant enzymes. CONCLUSIONS: Repeated exposure to allyl nitrile reduced allergic reactions induced by glutaraldehyde and by DNCB, but not by formaldehyde. This reduction was associated with changes in ROS levels and antioxidant enzyme activities.
Preliminary Results From the C-Pulse OPTIONS HF European Multicenter Post-Market Study.
Schulz A, Krabatsch T, Schmitto JD … +4 more , Hetzer R, Seidel M, Dohmen PM, Hotz H
Med Sci Monit Basic Res · 2016 Feb · PMID 26887528 · Full text
BACKGROUND The C-Pulse System is an extra-aortic balloon counterpulsation device. It is used to treat patients with heart failure disease in NYHA functional class III or ambulatory class IV. MATERIAL AND METHODS We prese...
BACKGROUND The C-Pulse System is an extra-aortic balloon counterpulsation device. It is used to treat patients with heart failure disease in NYHA functional class III or ambulatory class IV. MATERIAL AND METHODS We present preliminary site-reported 6-month data from 3 centers in Germany as part of the prospective observational post-market OPTIONS HF study. RESULTS Between May 2013 and March 2014, the C-Pulse System was implanted in 8 patients (7 male) with a mean age of 61.6±9.3 years. Four had ischemic and 4 had non-ischemic cardiomyopathy. No stroke, myocardial infarction, major bleeding, or major infection due to the device were reported. One patient developed non-device-related refractory tachycardia with worsening heart failure 12 h after surgery and underwent left ventricular assist device implantation. Within 6 months of observation, functional status improved from NYHA III to II in 5 patients, and 2 remained in NYHA III. Mean left ventricular ejection fraction increased from 24.3±7.9% to 44.5±4.5% (p<0.0001). Mean Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire overall score improved from 28.6±19.1 to 59.1±22.5 (p=0.0183). Six-minute walk test was performed in 6 out of 7 patients at follow-up. The mean distance improved from 252.0±85.1 m to 279.2±87.5 m (p>0.05). One patient was weaned off the device after 6 months of support. CONCLUSIONS The C-Pulse System provides a therapeutic option for patients with moderate-to-severe heart failure and seems to improve quality of life and cardiac function over time.
Mechanical Characterization of Immature Porcine Brainstem in Tension at Dynamic Strain Rates.
Zhao H, Yin Z, Li K … +3 more , Liao Z, Xiang H, Zhu F
Med Sci Monit Basic Res · 2016 Jan · PMID 26790497 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Many brain injury cases involve pediatric road traffic accidents, and among these, brainstem injury causes disastrous outcomes. A thorough understanding of the tensile characterization of immature brainstem t...
BACKGROUND: Many brain injury cases involve pediatric road traffic accidents, and among these, brainstem injury causes disastrous outcomes. A thorough understanding of the tensile characterization of immature brainstem tissue is crucial in modeling traumatic brain injury sustained by children, but limited experimental data in tension is available for the immature brain tissue at dynamic strain rates. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We harvested brainstem tissue from immature pigs (about 4 weeks old, and at a developmental stage similar to that of human toddlers) as a byproduct from a local slaughter house and very carefully prepared the samples. Tensile tests were performed on specimens at dynamic strain rates of 2/s, 20/s, and 100/s using a biological material instrument. The constitutive models, Fung, Ogden, Gent, and exponential function, for immature brainstem tissue material property were developed for the recorded experimental data using OriginPro 8.0 software. The t test was performed for infinitesimal shear modules. RESULTS: The curves of stress-versus-stretch ratio were convex in shape, and inflection points were found in all the test groups at the strain of about 2.5%. The average Lagrange stress of the immature brainstem specimen at the 30% strain at the strain rates of 2, 20, and 100/s was 273±114, 515±107, and 1121±197 Pa, respectively. The adjusted R-Square (R2) of Fung, Ogden, Gent, and exponential model was 0.820≤R2≤0.933, 0.774≤R2≤0.940, 0.650≤R2≤0.922, and 0.852≤R2≤0.981, respectively. The infinitesimal shear modulus of the strain energy functions showed a significant association with the strain rate (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The immature brainstem is a rate-dependent material in dynamic tensile tests, and the tissue becomes stiffer with increased strain rate. The reported results may be useful in the study of brain injuries in children who sustain injuries in road traffic accidents. Further research in more detail should be performed in the future.
Cognition Regulated by Emotional Decision Making.
Stefano GB
Med Sci Monit Basic Res · 2016 Jan · PMID 26751739 · Full text
Cognitive ability did not appear de novo in humans. Despite our ability to recognize limited cognitive behavioral characteristics in animals, there has been no outcry to proclaim this phenomenon. The notion that humans a...
Cognitive ability did not appear de novo in humans. Despite our ability to recognize limited cognitive behavioral characteristics in animals, there has been no outcry to proclaim this phenomenon. The notion that humans are the only animals to possess cognition has taken advantage of the illusory potential in inter-subjectivity and placed him outside of reality. This deception, however, has positive survival value due to the fact that it is humankind's self-proclaimed responsibility to excel beyond other simple animal species. However, at this point in evolution, we must allow our cognitive ability to reform itself and, in so doing, evolve with the benefit of the knowledge that this ability is itself creating. By recognizing that animals may have limited cognitive ability, we only enhance our self-esteem, not diminish it. Furthermore, cognition, given its limited brain controlling attributes, may mask another more diligent force for action and control, namely, emotion. Emotion provides the motivation for action, the mechanism to limit reason in a timely survival related manner and a coping strategy for dealing with other humans and animals while simultaneously modulating involuntary physiological functions in an appropriate manner.
Device Conformability and Morphological Assessment After TEVAR for Aortic Type B Dissection: A Single-Centre Experience with a Conformable Thoracic Stent-Graft Design.
Bischoff MS, Müller-Eschner M, Meisenbacher K … +2 more , Peters AS, Böckler D
Med Sci Monit Basic Res · 2015 Dec · PMID 26718893 · Full text
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to analyze device conformability in TEVAR of acute and chronic (a/c) type B aortic dissections (TBAD) using the Gore Conformable Thoracic Aortic Stent-graft (CTAG). MATERIAL AND METHO...
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to analyze device conformability in TEVAR of acute and chronic (a/c) type B aortic dissections (TBAD) using the Gore Conformable Thoracic Aortic Stent-graft (CTAG). MATERIAL AND METHODS From January 1997 to February 2014, a total of 90 out of 405 patients in our center received TEVAR for TBAD. Since November 2009, 23 patients (16 men; median age: 62 years) were treated with the CTAG. Indications were complicated aTBAD in 15 (65%) and expanding cTBAD in 8 (35%) patients. Primary endpoints were the assessment of device conformability by measuring the distance (D) from the radiopaque gold band marker (GM) at the proximal CTAG end to the inner curvature (IC) of the arch on parasagittal multiplanar reformations of CT angiography, as well as the evaluation of aortic diameter changes following TEVAR. Median follow-up was 13.3 months (range: 2 days to 35 months). RESULTS Primary and secondary success rates were 91.3% (21/23) and 95.6% (22/23), respectively. There was 1 type Ia endoleak, retrograde dissection or primary conversion was not observed. Median GM-IC-D was 0 mm (range: 0 mm to 10 mm). GM-IC-D was associated with zone 2 placement compared to zone 3 (P=0.036). There was no association between GM-IC-D formation and arch type. In aTBAD cases the true lumen significantly increased after TEVAR (P=0.017) and the false lumen underwent shrinkage (P=0.025). In cTBAD patients the false lumen decreased after TEVAR (P=0.036). CONCLUSIONS The CTAG shows favorable conformability and wall apposition in challenging arch pathologies such as TBAD.
LYN, a Key Gene From Bioinformatics Analysis, Contributes to Development and Progression of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma.
Liu D
Med Sci Monit Basic Res · 2015 Dec · PMID 26708841 · Full text
BACKGROUND Esophageal adenocarcinoma is a lethal malignancy whose incidence is rapidly growing in recent years. Previous reports suggested that Barrett's esophagus (BE), which is represented by metaplasia-dysplasia-carci...
BACKGROUND Esophageal adenocarcinoma is a lethal malignancy whose incidence is rapidly growing in recent years. Previous reports suggested that Barrett's esophagus (BE), which is represented by metaplasia-dysplasia-carcinoma transition, is regarded as the premalignant lesion of esophageal neoplasm. However, our knowledge about the development of esophageal adenocarcinoma is still very limited. MATERIAL AND METHODS In order to acquire better understanding about the pathological mechanisms in this field, we obtained gene profiling data on BE, esophageal adenocarcinoma patients, and normal controls from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Bioinformatics analyses, including Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, were conducted. RESULTS Our results revealed that several pathways, such as the wound healing, complement, and coagulation pathways, were closely correlated with cancer development and progression. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway was discovered to be responsible for the predisposition stage of cancer; while response to stress, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, nod-like receptor signaling pathway, and ECM-receptor interaction were chief contributors of cancer progression. More importantly, we discovered in this study that LYN was a critical gene. It was found to be the key nodule of several significant biological networks, which suggests its close correlation with cancer initiation and progression. CONCLUSIONS These results provided more information on the mechanisms of esophageal adenocarcinoma, which enlightened our way to the clinical discovery of novel therapeutic makers for conquering esophageal cancer.
Premature Progesterone Elevation Does Not Affect Pregnancy Outcome in High-Responder Patients Undergoing Short-Interval Coasting in IVF Cycles.
Acet M, Aktün LH, Başaranoğlu S … +3 more , Yorgunlar B, Acet T, Deregözü A
Med Sci Monit Basic Res · 2015 Nov · PMID 26634938 · Full text
BACKGROUND We aimed to present the relationship between premature progesterone elevation (PPE) and clinical outcomes in high-responder patients who had a coasting period of <4 days in length due to their high risk of dev...
BACKGROUND We aimed to present the relationship between premature progesterone elevation (PPE) and clinical outcomes in high-responder patients who had a coasting period of <4 days in length due to their high risk of developing ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) and who were treated with a long-acting gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-agonist) protocol in in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) cycles. MATERIAL AND METHODS This retrospective study was conducted at the University Hospital Assisted Reproductive Technology Center. The outcomes of 101 patients undergoing IVF- intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles who showed a high response to COH (estradiol >4000 pg/ml and/or >20 follicles each ≥10 mm in diameter and at least 20% ≥15 mm) and who were coasted for <4 days were evaluated. Number of oocytes, 2 pronuclei (PN) embryos, implantation rate, and live birth rate were measured. RESULTS The incidence of PPE was 32.6%. Compared with those without PPE, patients with PPE had a higher number of oocytes retrieved. Total mature and fertilized oocytes and the mean number of embryos transferred were not significantly different between groups. Live birth rates (41.9% vs. 38.7%) and implantation rates (26.5% vs. 23%) were also not significantly divergent in the PPE and non-PPE groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS P concentrations ≥1.3 ng/ml on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration, designated in this study as PPE, does not appear to be related to adverse effects in terms of clinical outcomes in high-responder patients undergoing coasting <4 days due to their high risk of developing OHSS treated with a long-acting GnRH-a protocol in IVF-embryo transfer cycles.
The Role and Effects of ANXA1 in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: A Protection Mechanism?
Yao BZ, Yu SQ, Yuan H … +3 more , Zhang HJ, Niu P, Ye JP
Med Sci Monit Basic Res · 2015 Nov · PMID 26609771 · Full text
BACKGROUND The endogenous protein annexin A1 (ANXA1) is an anti-inflammatory mediator in the brain that is thought to contribute to the progression of many neurological conditions. However, its exact role in temporal lob...
BACKGROUND The endogenous protein annexin A1 (ANXA1) is an anti-inflammatory mediator in the brain that is thought to contribute to the progression of many neurological conditions. However, its exact role in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) remains unclear. We hypothesized that ANXA1 exerts negative actions on TLE by alleviating inflammatory damage in neurons. To identify the potential mechanism of TLE by assessing ANXA1 expression in TLE rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS TLE was induced in rats (n=70) via an intraperitoneal injection of lithium chloride (LiCl) and pilocarpine (PILO). The control group (n=10) received an injection of the equivalent amount of saline. ANXA1 expression was detected via immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. RESULTS Successful establishment of the TLE model in rats resulted in epileptic seizures. ANXA1 was immunohistochemically detected as brownish yellow particles in the dentate gyrus and the CA1 region of the door zone; this expression was predominantly localized to the cytoplasm of glia rather than neurons. ANXA1 expression was stronger in TLE rats compared with the control group. ANXA1 expression in TLE was also assessed via Western blotting, and compared between groups at various time points. ANXA1 expression was significantly increased in the acute (the first 24 h) and chronic (after 1 month) phases (P<0.001) but significantly decreased during the recovery phase (72 h, 1 week, and 2 weeks) (P<0.001). These findings suggest that ANXA1 expression is correlated with TLE activity. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that ANXA1 plays an important role in TLE by alleviating inflammatory damage and protecting neurons.
C57BL/6N Mice Are More Resistant to Ehrlich Ascites Tumors Than C57BL/6J Mice: The Role of Macrophage Nitric Oxide.
Kalish S, Lyamina S, Chausova S … +4 more , Kochetova L, Malyshev Y, Manukhina E, Malyshev I
Med Sci Monit Basic Res · 2015 Oct · PMID 26482575 · Full text
BACKGROUND Effectiveness of the immune defense formed by the genotype often determines the predisposition to cancer. Nitric oxide (NO) produced by macrophages is an important element in this defense. MATERIAL AND METHODS...
BACKGROUND Effectiveness of the immune defense formed by the genotype often determines the predisposition to cancer. Nitric oxide (NO) produced by macrophages is an important element in this defense. MATERIAL AND METHODS We hypothesized that genetic characteristics of NO generation systems can predetermine the vulnerability to tumor development. The study was conducted on mice of 2 genetic substrains - C57BL/6J and C57BL/6N - with Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC). NO production in the tumor was changed using ITU, an iNOS inhibitor; c-PTIO, a NO scavenger; and SNP, a NO donor. Macrophage NO production was estimated by nitrite concentration in the culture medium. iNOS content was measured by Western blot analysis. Macrophage phenotype was determined by changes in NO production, iNOS level, and CD markers of the phenotype. RESULTS The lifespan of C57BL/6N mice (n=10) with EAC was 25% longer (p<0.01) than in C57BL/6J mice (n=10). Decreased NO production 23% reduced the survival duration of C57BL/6N mice (p<0.05), which were more resistant to tumors. Elevated NO production 26% increased the survival duration of C57BL/6J mice (p<0.05), which were more susceptible to EAC. Both the NO production and the iNOS level were 1.5 times higher in C57BL/6N than in C57BL/6J mice (p<0.01). CD markers confirmed that C57BL/6N macrophages had the M1 and C57BL/6J macrophages had the M2 phenotype. CONCLUSIONS The vulnerability to the tumor development can be predetermined by genetic characteristics of the NO generation system in macrophages. The important role of NO in anti-EAC immunity should be taken into account in elaboration of new antitumor therapies.
Macrophages Reprogrammed In Vitro Towards the M1 Phenotype and Activated with LPS Extend Lifespan of Mice with Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma.
Kalish SV, Lyamina SV, Usanova EA … +3 more , Manukhina EB, Larionov NP, Malyshev IY
Med Sci Monit Basic Res · 2015 Oct · PMID 26471744 · Full text
BACKGROUND The majority of tumors trigger macrophage reprogramming from an anti-tumor M1 phenotype towards a pro-tumor M2 phenotype. The M2 phenotype promotes tumor growth. We hypothesized that increasing the number of M...
BACKGROUND The majority of tumors trigger macrophage reprogramming from an anti-tumor M1 phenotype towards a pro-tumor M2 phenotype. The M2 phenotype promotes tumor growth. We hypothesized that increasing the number of M1 macrophages in a tumor would limit carcinogenesis and extend the lifespan of the tumor host. The aim of this study was to verify this hypothesis in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC). The objectives were to evaluate effects of 1) EAC on a macrophage phenotype and NO-producing macrophage activity in vivo; 2) ascitic fluid from mice with EAC on a macrophage phenotype and NO-producing macrophage activity in vitro; and 3) in vitro reprogrammed M1 macrophages on lifespan of mice with EAC. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was conducted using C57BL/6J mice. RESULTS Concentration of nitrite, a stable NO metabolite and an index of NO production, was measured spectrophotometrically. Shifts of macrophage phenotype were assessed by changes in NO production as well as by amounts of CD80, a marker of M1 phenotype, and CD206, a marker of M2 phenotype. The CD markers were measured by flow cytometry. Macrophages were reprogrammed towards the M1 phenotype using two reprogramming factors: 0% FBS and 20 ng/ml IFN-γ. The study results showed that 1) EAC inhibited the macrophage NO production in vivo and reprogrammed macrophages towards the M2 phenotype; 2) ascitic fluid of mice with EAC inhibited the macrophage NO production in vitro and reprogrammed macrophages towards the M2 phenotype; and 3) injection of in vitro reprogrammed M1 macrophages into mice with EAC significantly increased the lifespan of mice. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that promising biotechnologies for restriction of tumor growth could be developed based on the in vitro macrophage reprogramming.
When the Battle is Lost and Won: Delayed Chest Closure After Bilateral Lung Transplantation.
Soresi S, Sabashnikov A, Weymann A … +3 more , Zeriouh M, Simon AR, Popov AF
Med Sci Monit Basic Res · 2015 Oct · PMID 26456363 · Full text
In this article we summarize benefits of delayed chest closure strategy in lung transplantation, addressing indications, different surgical techniques, and additional perioperative treatment. Delayed chest closure seems...
In this article we summarize benefits of delayed chest closure strategy in lung transplantation, addressing indications, different surgical techniques, and additional perioperative treatment. Delayed chest closure seems to be a valuable and safe strategy in managing patients with various conditions after lung transplantation, such as instable hemodynamics, need for high respiratory pressures, coagulopathy, and size mismatch. Therefore, this approach should be considered in lung transplant centers to give patients time to recover before the chest is closed.
Immediate Effects of Traditional Thai Massage on Psychological Stress as Indicated by Salivary Alpha-Amylase Levels in Healthy Persons.
Sripongngam T, Eungpinichpong W, Sirivongs D … +3 more , Kanpittaya J, Tangvoraphonkchai K, Chanaboon S
Med Sci Monit Basic Res · 2015 Oct · PMID 26436433 · Full text
BACKGROUND Stress can cause psychological and physiological changes. Many studies revealed that massage can decrease stress. However, traditional Thai massage has not been well researched in this regard. The purpose of t...
BACKGROUND Stress can cause psychological and physiological changes. Many studies revealed that massage can decrease stress. However, traditional Thai massage has not been well researched in this regard. The purpose of this study was to investigate the immediate effects of traditional Thai massage (TTM) on salivary alpha-amylase levels (sAA), heart rate variability (HRV), autonomic nervous system (ANS) function, and plasma renin activity (PRA). MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-nine healthy participants were randomly allocated into either a traditional Thai massage (TTM) group or Control (C) group, after which they were switched to the other group with a 2-week wash-out period. Each of them was given a 10-minute mental arithmetic test to induce psychological stress before a 1-hour session of TTM or rest. RESULTS Within-groups comparison revealed that sAA was significantly decreased (p<0.05) in the TTM group but not in the C group. HRV and ANS function were significantly increased (p<0.05) and PRA was significantly decreased (p<0.05) in both groups. However, low frequency per high frequency ratio (LF/HF ratio) and ANS balance status were not changed. Only sAA was found to be significantly different between groups (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS We conclude that both TTM and rest can reduce psychological stress, as indicated by decreased sAA levels, increased parasympathetic activity, decreased sympathetic activity, and decreased PRA. However, TTM may have a modest effect on stress reduction as indicated by a reduced sAA.
Depression: Evolutionary New Neural Circuitries Are Still Adjusting for Cognition.
Graczynska A, Stefano GB
Med Sci Monit Basic Res · 2015 Sep · PMID 26420361 · Full text
Depression can be both normal and abnormal, and the balance of its expression determines the behavioral outcome/diagnosis. It is a complex pathophysiology based on a heterogeneous syndrome whose etiology is diverse as we...
Depression can be both normal and abnormal, and the balance of its expression determines the behavioral outcome/diagnosis. It is a complex pathophysiology based on a heterogeneous syndrome whose etiology is diverse as well. Within the context of a central nervous system, the nervous system blueprint can be found in single cells (sensory, motor, and integrative processes). These consolidated functions provide for novel coping strategies for survival. The maintenance and evolvement of this system into a central nervous system is based on conserving these functions, including chemical messengers and functionality in having specific cells medi-ate these primordial functions. Additionally, this neural coping strategy provides advantages for DNA. Thus, with different neural cells at work, pathways/networks would evolve, producing more complex behaviors and become a very critical phenomenon for future advances. This evolvement has taken over 1 billion years to de-velop. In so doing, as with any new programming (e.g., cognition), errors will occur. Given the widespread qual-ities of depression, it is surmised that this abnormality, and other psychiatric disorders, may emerge due to in-herent neural weaknesses related to cognition being a recent evolutionary development.
Sodium Caseinate (CasNa) Induces Mobilization of Hematopoietic Stem Cells in a BALB/c Mouse Model.
Santiago-Osorio E, Ledesma-Martínez E, Aguiñiga-Sánchez I … +4 more , Poblano-Pérez I, Weiss-Steider B, Montesinos-Montesinos JJ, Mora-García Mde L
Med Sci Monit Basic Res · 2015 Sep · PMID 26409928 · Full text
BACKGROUND Hematopoietic stem cells transplantation has high clinical potential against a wide variety of hematologic, metabolic, and autoimmune diseases and solid tumors. Clinically, hematopoietic stem cells derived fro...
BACKGROUND Hematopoietic stem cells transplantation has high clinical potential against a wide variety of hematologic, metabolic, and autoimmune diseases and solid tumors. Clinically, hematopoietic stem cells derived from peripheral blood are currently used more than those obtained from sources such as bone marrow. However, mobilizing agents used in the clinic tend to fail in high rates, making the number of mobilized cells insufficient for transplantation. We investigated whether sodium caseinate induces functional mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells into peripheral blood of Balb/c mice. MATERIAL AND METHODS Using a mouse model, we administrated sodium caseinate or Plerixafor, a commercial mobilizing agent, and analyzed counts of hematopoietic stem cells in peripheral blood, and then cells were transplanted into lethally irradiated mice to restore hematopoiesis. All assays were performed at least twice. RESULTS We found that sodium caseinate increases the number of mononuclear cells in peripheral blood with the immunophenotype of hematopoietic stem cells (0.2 to 0.5% LSK cells), allowing them to form colonies of various cell lineages in semisolid medium (p<0.05). This effect is similar to that of Plerixafor, and cells transplanted into lethally irradiated mice can restore hematopoiesis at higher percentages than mononuclear cells mobilized by Plerixafor (40% vs. 20%, respectively). Further, a secondary transplant rescued a separate group of irradiated mice from death, proving definitive evidence of hematopoietic reconstitution after hematopoietic stem cells transplantation. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. To determine significant differences between the data, one-way ANOVA and the Tukey test were used. CONCLUSIONS Collectively these results show the utility of sodium caseinate as a mobilizer of hematopoietic stem cells and its potential clinical application in transplantation settings.
Oxidative Stress and Total Antioxidant Status During Internal Carotid Artery Clamping with or without Shunting: An Experimental Pilot Study.
Papapetrou A, Moris D, Patelis N … +4 more , Kouvelos GN, Bakogiannis C, Klonaris C, Georgopoulos S
Med Sci Monit Basic Res · 2015 Sep · PMID 26391530 · Full text
BACKGROUND The exact role of shunting during carotid endarterectomy remains controversial and unclear. The aim of this experimental study was to investigate to what degree carotid clamping may induce changes in the cereb...
BACKGROUND The exact role of shunting during carotid endarterectomy remains controversial and unclear. The aim of this experimental study was to investigate to what degree carotid clamping may induce changes in the cerebral oxidative status and to focus on the relation of these changes with shunt insertion. MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty New-Zealand rabbits were randomized into 4 groups: group 1 classifying animals with carotid shunt and patent contralateral carotid artery; group 2 shunt and occlusion of the contralateral carotid artery; group 3 no-shunt and patent contralateral carotid artery; and group 4 no-shunt and occlusion of the contralateral carotid artery. Blood samples were collected from the ipsilateral internal jugular vein, immediately after carotid clamping (time 0), and then at 5, 10, 15, 30, and 60 minutes afterwards. Evaluation of oxidative stress was accomplished by measuring the lag-time, representing the initial phase of oxidation, rate of accumulation (RA), showing concentration of free oxygen radical and total antioxidant status (TAS) representing antioxidant composition of serum. RESULTS Lag-time was significantly different in time points 0, 30 and 60 minutes within each different group. TAS was significantly different in time points 0, 15 and 60 min and RA in time points 0, 5, 10 and 60 min within each different group. 60 minutes after carotid clamping, the rate of accumulation as well as lag-time and TAS were increased in all groups, independently of using or not shunting or the presence of contralateral occlusion. After comparing groups 1, 2 and 3 regarding lag-time, TAS and RA, we did not find statistical difference among the groups at any time point. On the contrary, groups 1, 2 and 3 did show significantly different values comparing to group 4 after 60 min of occlusion. CONCLUSIONS Our experimental work based on cerebral metabolism found a significantly higher oxidative stress in models with contralateral carotid occlusion. The use of shunt in all other models did not have any influence on oxidative response. Future human studies should focus on the relation of oxidative status and shunt insertion to determine the benefit of selective or routine shunting during CEA.
Diminished Resistance to Hyperoxia in Brains of Reproductively Senescent Female CBA/H Mice.
Šarić A, Sobočanec S, Mačak Šafranko Ž … +6 more , Popović Hadžija M, Bagarić R, Farkaš V, Švarc A, Marotti T, Balog T
Med Sci Monit Basic Res · 2015 Sep · PMID 26373431 · Full text
BACKGROUND We have explored sex differences in ability to maintain redox balance during acute oxidative stress in brains of mice. We aimed to determine if there were differences in oxidative/antioxidative status upon hyp...
BACKGROUND We have explored sex differences in ability to maintain redox balance during acute oxidative stress in brains of mice. We aimed to determine if there were differences in oxidative/antioxidative status upon hyperoxia in brains of reproductively senescent CBA/H mice in order to elucidate some of the possible mechanisms of lifespan regulation. MATERIAL AND METHODS The brains of 12-month-old male and female CBA/H mice (n=9 per sex and treatment) subjected to 18-h hyperoxia were evaluated for lipid peroxidation (LPO), antioxidative enzyme expression and activity - superoxide dismutase 1 and 2 (Sod-1, Sod-2), catalase (Cat), glutathione peroxidase 1 (Gpx-1), heme-oxygenase 1 (Ho-1), nad NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and for 2-deoxy-2-[18F] fluoro-D-glucose (18FDG) uptake. RESULTS No increase in LPO was observed after hyperoxia, regardless of sex. Expression of Nrf-2 showed significant downregulation in hyperoxia-treated males (p=0.001), and upregulation in hyperoxia-treated females (p=0.023). Also, in females hyperoxia upregulated Sod-1 (p=0.046), and Ho-1 (p=0.014) genes. SOD1 protein was upregulated in both sexes after hyperoxia (p=0.009 for males and p=0.011 for females). SOD2 protein was upregulated only in females (p=0.008) while CAT (p=0.026) and HO-1 (p=0.042) proteins were increased after hyperoxia only in males. Uptake of 18FDG was decreased after hyperoxia in the back brain of females. CONCLUSIONS We found that females at their reproductive senescence are more susceptible to hyperoxia, compared to males. We propose this model of hyperoxia as a useful tool to assess sex differences in adaptive response to acute stress conditions, which may be partially responsible for observed sex differences in longevity of CBA/H mice.
Past and Present of Total Artificial Heart Therapy: A Success Story.
Samak M, Fatullayev J, Sabashnikov A … +12 more , Zeriouh M, Rahmanian PB, Choi YH, Wippermann J, Wahlers T, Schmack B, Ruhparwar A, Dohmen PM, Karck M, Popov AF, Simon AR, Weymann A
Med Sci Monit Basic Res · 2015 Sep · PMID 26343363 · Full text
The totally artificial heart (TAH) is among the most prominent medical innovations of the 21st century, especially due to the increasing population with end-stage heart failure. The progressive course of the disease, its...
The totally artificial heart (TAH) is among the most prominent medical innovations of the 21st century, especially due to the increasing population with end-stage heart failure. The progressive course of the disease, its resistance to conventional therapy, and the scarcity of hearts available for transplantation were the prime impetus for developing a TAH, especially when other options of mechanical circulatory assist devices are exhausted. In this review, we narrate the history of TAH, give an overview of its technology, and address the pros and cons of the currently available TAH models in light of published clinical experience.
Evaluation of Downstream Regulatory Element Antagonistic Modulator Gene in Human Multinodular Goiter.
Shinzato A, Lerario AM, Lin CJ … +3 more , Danilovic DS, Marui S, Trarbach EB
Med Sci Monit Basic Res · 2015 Aug · PMID 26319784 · Full text
BACKGROUND DREAM (Downstream Regulatory Element Antagonistic Modulator) is a neuronal calcium sensor that was suggested to modulate TSH receptor activity and whose overexpression provokes an enlargement of the thyroid gl...
BACKGROUND DREAM (Downstream Regulatory Element Antagonistic Modulator) is a neuronal calcium sensor that was suggested to modulate TSH receptor activity and whose overexpression provokes an enlargement of the thyroid gland in transgenic mice. The aim of this study was to investigate somatic mutations and DREAM gene expression in human multinodular goiter (MNG). MATERIAL AND METHODS DNA and RNA samples were obtained from hyperplastic thyroid glands of 60 patients (54 females) with benign MNG. DREAM mutations were evaluated by PCR and direct automatic sequencing, whereas relative quantification of mRNA was performed by real-time PCR. Over- and under-expression were defined as a 2-fold increase and decrease in comparison to normal thyroid tissue, respectively. RQ M (relative quantification mean); SD (standard deviation). RESULTS DREAM expression was detected in all nodules evaluated. DREAM mRNA was overexpressed in 31.7% of MNG (RQ M=6.26; SD=5.08), whereas 53.3% and 15% had either normal (RQ M=1.16; SD=0.46) or underexpression (RQ M=0.30; SD=0.10), respectively. Regarding DREAM mutations analysis, only previously described intronic polymorphisms were observed. CONCLUSIONS We report DREAM gene expression in the hyperplastic thyroid gland of MNG patients. However, DREAM expression did not vary significantly, and was somewhat underexpressed in most patients, suggesting that DREAM upregulation does not significantly affect nodular development in human goiter.
Combination of European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation (EuroSCORE) and Cardiac Surgery Score (CASUS) to Improve Outcome Prediction in Cardiac Surgery.
Doerr F, Heldwein MB, Bayer O … +5 more , Sabashnikov A, Weymann A, Dohmen PM, Wahlers T, Hekmat K
Med Sci Monit Basic Res · 2015 Aug · PMID 26279053 · Full text
BACKGROUND We hypothesized that the combination of a preoperative and a postoperative scoring system would improve the accuracy of mortality prediction and therefore combined the preoperative 'additive EuroSCORE' (Europe...
BACKGROUND We hypothesized that the combination of a preoperative and a postoperative scoring system would improve the accuracy of mortality prediction and therefore combined the preoperative 'additive EuroSCORE' (European system for cardiac operative risk evaluation) with the postoperative 'additive CASUS' (Cardiac Surgery Score) to form the 'modified CASUS'. MATERIAL AND METHODS We included all consecutive adult patients after cardiac surgery during January 2007 and December 2010 in our prospective study. Our single-centre study was conducted in a German general referral university hospital. The original additive and the 'modified CASUS' were tested using calibration and discrimination statistics. We compared the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver characteristic curves (ROC) by DeLong's method and calculated overall correct classification (OCC) values. RESULTS The mean age among the total of 5207 patients was 67.2 ± 10.9 years. Whilst the ICU mortality was 5.9% we observed a mean length of ICU stay of 4.6 ± 7.0 days. Both models demonstrated excellent discriminatory power (mean AUC of 'modified CASUS': ≥ 0.929; 'additive CASUS': ≥ 0.920), with no significant differences according to DeLong. Neither model showed a significant p-value (<0.05) in calibration. We detected the best OCC during the 2nd day (modified: 96.5%; original: 96.6%). CONCLUSIONS Our 'additive' and 'modified' CASUS are reasonable overall predictors. We could not detect any improvement in the accuracy of mortality prediction in cardiac surgery by combining a preoperative and a postoperative scoring system. A separate calculation of the two individual elements is therefore recommended.
Metabolic and Ventilatory Changes During and After High-Frequency Yoga Breathing.
Telles S, Singh N, Balkrishna A
Med Sci Monit Basic Res · 2015 Aug · PMID 26270968 · Full text
BACKGROUND Practicing high-frequency yoga breathing (HFYB) induced a hypermetabolic state in a single subject during the practice but the effect has not been studied in multiple practitioners. MATERIAL AND METHODS Health...
BACKGROUND Practicing high-frequency yoga breathing (HFYB) induced a hypermetabolic state in a single subject during the practice but the effect has not been studied in multiple practitioners. MATERIAL AND METHODS Healthy male volunteers (n=47, group mean age ± S.D., 23.2 ± 4.1 years) were recruited as an experimental group and another twenty volunteers were recruited as a control group. The experimental group practiced either HFYB (Breath rate 1.0 Hz) or breath awareness (BAW) on two separate days. The sequence was reversed for alternate participants. The control group was assessed under similar conditions while sitting at ease. The breath rate (RR), tidal volume (VT), ventilation (VE), VO2, VCO2, arterial PCO2 and energy expenditure (EE Kcal/day) were assessed for 35 minutes using an open circuit oxygen consumption analyzer. The assessment period was divided into before, during and after conditions. Repeated measures analyses of variance (ANOVA) were used to compare data recorded during and after the two practices with data recorded before. Before-After comparisons in the control group were with paired t-tests. RESULTS The most relevant significant changes were increases in VE, VO2, VCO2 and EE during HFYB, while the same variables decreased during the control period. However after HFYB there was no change in VO2 or EE, although VE decreased as it did after the control period. CONCLUSIONS HFYB induces a hypermetabolic state for the duration of the practice which returns to baseline after HFYB suggesting a possible application for HFYB in hypometabolic states.
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