Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res. [JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Time of day is associated with federal highway accidents in Brazil.
Parro VC, Moreno CRC, Folkard S … +3 more , Cardoso LB, Gueter DDV, Mesquita PGJ
Braz J Med Biol Res · 2026 · PMID 41637282 · Full text
According to the most recent Global Status Record of Road Traffic, the number of road traffic deaths continues to rise. The risk of a road traffic death is more than 3 times higher in low-income countries than in high-in...
According to the most recent Global Status Record of Road Traffic, the number of road traffic deaths continues to rise. The risk of a road traffic death is more than 3 times higher in low-income countries than in high-income countries. However, the effect of time of day on road accidents is barely considered in public policies to reduce the chance of an accident. This study aimed to estimate the chance of an accident for every hour of the day in Brazil. From the raw data on accidents, their hourly distribution was derived, with a one-hour resolution. The data on the flow of vehicles on the highways was similarly organized. In the specific case of the flow, the total average flow for all sensors on Brazilian highways from 2015 to 2017 was used. It was clearly observed that the chance of an accident, in general, is on average 3-3.5 times higher between 02:00 and 04:00 h than during 07:00-19:00 h. Two other peaks were also noticed, the first one at around 07:00 h and a second one around 18:00 h, which were linked to an excess of vehicle traffic (rush hours) but were lower when compared to the chance during the night. The chance of a road accident in the middle of the night was higher compared to the rest of the 24 hours, similar to high-income countries.
An overview on central nervous system tuberculosis (CNS-TB) focusing on cognitive impairments.
Garcia GL, Cunha BRD, Herling JD … +2 more , Gomes CM, Zucchi FCR
Braz J Med Biol Res · 2026 · PMID 41637281 · Full text
One of the most serious clinical manifestations of tuberculosis (TB) is the central nervous system (CNS) presentation, which results in neurological disorders and cognitive impairments that may lead to reduced social ski...
One of the most serious clinical manifestations of tuberculosis (TB) is the central nervous system (CNS) presentation, which results in neurological disorders and cognitive impairments that may lead to reduced social skills. Few studies have assessed TB neuropsychological symptoms after infection. This review article investigated the incidence and spectrum of cognitive impairment related to complications in patients with CNS-TB and compiled data on the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of the disease. An extensive literature review was performed, and a total of 286 published studies were selected for manual screening. For analysis purposes, 43 studies were included in this review. CNS-TB mainly affects young children and is fatal in over 50% of cases, with survivors showing high morbidity. The characteristics of this disease include meningitis and brain tissue granulomas. This leads to extensive neurological involvement, resulting in a complex mechanism that alters the structure and composition of cells in the brain including the cerebellum and spinal cord. It also impairs language development, reading, and learning complex tasks, and therefore affects the patient's social adjustment. The results of our review provide information connecting the basis of neuroscience and clinical medicine, especially childcare. Furthermore, early diagnosis is imperative to prevent serious cognitive consequences of TB in the developing CNS.
Spatial and epidemiological mapping of tuberculosis on an Amazon island: effect of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Silva VS, Gomes BVJ, Nascimento BC … +3 more , Cardoso SRO, Mesquita CR, Guimarães RJPS
Braz J Med Biol Res · 2026 · PMID 41637280 · Full text
With the emergence and rise of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, many health services were interrupted and reallocated due to system overload. Tuberculosis (TB) care was one of the affected services during this period, espe...
With the emergence and rise of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, many health services were interrupted and reallocated due to system overload. Tuberculosis (TB) care was one of the affected services during this period, especially in regions with greater social vulnerabilities. Thus, this study aimed to describe the distribution of TB cases before and during the COVID-19 pandemic on an island in the Brazilian Amazon. This quantitative descriptive retrospective study evaluated the distribution of 797 new confirmed and notified cases of TB in residents of the sixteen municipalities in the region of Marajó Island (Pará, Brazil), from 2017 to 2022. The data were obtained from the Development and Administration Company of the Metropolitan Area of Belém and Google Earth, using the ArcGIS and TerraView software for georeferencing notification points in each municipality of the archipelago. The Kernel density estimator and scan statistics were used to analyze the point patterns. Almost all municipalities in the archipelago showed variations during the study years. The scan statistics showed a greater number of cases in the pre-pandemic years of 2017-2019. These data indicated that the factors related to the increase and decrease in the number of cases must be analyzed, as the decrease may be related to the underreporting of patients due to the lack of access to health resources in more isolated areas.
Cross-reactivity and localization of Schistosoma mansoni antigen for immunodiagnosis.
Alajmi FE
Braz J Med Biol Res · 2026 · PMID 41538666 · Full text
Schistosomiasis remains a major global health concern, affecting approximately 260 million people, with 440 million experiencing morbidity and over 800 million at risk of infection. According to the World Health Organiza...
Schistosomiasis remains a major global health concern, affecting approximately 260 million people, with 440 million experiencing morbidity and over 800 million at risk of infection. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), it ranks as the second most socioeconomically impactful infectious disease and the third most significant parasitic disease in terms of public health. This study aimed to improve immunodiagnostic tools for Schistosoma mansoni in resource-limited settings by developing monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) using locally available materials. MoAbs were produced using hybridoma technology and assessed for specificity to soluble worm antigen preparation (SWAP) through ELISA. Immuno-phosphatase and immuno-peroxidase staining were employed to localize target antigens across various life cycle stages and assess cross-reactivity with related species. Four distinct MoAbs demonstrated strong phosphatase and peroxidase activity in the gut and tegumental tubercles of S. mansoni adult worms, with extreme (4+) phosphatase staining. The dorsal tubercles and oral/ventral suckers showed strong (3+) peroxidase staining. S. mansoni schistosomula showed positive staining in the oral sucker and penetration glands, while cercariae showed no reactivity. Cross-reactivity with S. haematobium was minimal, showing only weak (1+) peroxidase staining in gut and tegumental structures, as well as the intact worm's tegumental tubercles and suckers. In conclusion, the MoAbs developed exhibited high specificity for S. mansoni with limited cross-reactivity to S. haematobium, supporting their potential utility in locally produced, sensitive immunodiagnostic tools to strengthen schistosomiasis control and elimination efforts in endemic regions.
Effectiveness of simplified ART regimens in older adults living with HIV: real-world evidence from a Brazilian cohort.
Stanicki PV, Tasca KI, Zimmerman WR … +1 more , Barbosa AN
Braz J Med Biol Res · 2026 · PMID 41538665 · Full text
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has transformed HIV from a life-limiting infection into a manageable chronic condition, shifting attention toward the emerging challenges faced by the growing population of adults aged 50 yea...
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has transformed HIV from a life-limiting infection into a manageable chronic condition, shifting attention toward the emerging challenges faced by the growing population of adults aged 50 years or older living with HIV. This observational cohort study tracked 1,018 individuals treated in the medical system in Brazil, a middle-income country, to better understand the effectiveness of traditional and simplified ART regimens in older adults living with HIV (OALH), a frequently underrepresented group in clinical studies. Older adults, those aged 50 and above, living with HIV achieved significantly higher rates of undetectable viral load (89.4 vs 83.2%, P<0.006) and fewer cases of virological failure, defined as HIV-RNA >500 copies/mL (2.5 vs 10.1%; P<0.0001) than younger adults aged 18-49, and demonstrated superior immune recovery through significantly greater CD4+ T-cell counts (P=0.0012). The multivariate analysis found that improved clinical outcomes (undetectable viral load) were most highly correlated with the simplified treatment regime and more years of treatment duration. These findings highlight the value of simplified ART regimens and sustained treatment duration, which were observed to be more frequent in OALH.
Identification of anoikis-related biomarkers linking immune infiltration to acute myocardial infarction.
Zhao Y, Wang S, Ji H … +4 more , Han L, Wang S, Yin X, Zhao Q
Braz J Med Biol Res · 2026 · PMID 41538664 · Full text
This study was designed to identify new biomarkers for early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). GSE66360 and GSE48060 datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The "limma" too...
This study was designed to identify new biomarkers for early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). GSE66360 and GSE48060 datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The "limma" tool was used to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs). A total of 557 anoikis-related genes (ARGs) were obtained from the GeneCard database. Differentially expressed ARGs (DEARGs) were obtained by intersecting DEGs with ARGs. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), support vector machine (SVM), and Random Forest (RF) were used to screen the hub DEARGs. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to determine the expression of hub DEARGs. A total of 21 DEARGs were obtained, all of which were up-regulated in AMI samples. Functional enrichment analysis showed that the DEARGs were mainly enriched in peptidase activity and extracellular matrix. Immune cell infiltration analysis revealed a significant difference in 14 immune cells between the AMI and normal groups. Nine feature risk genes, including ITPRIP, MMP9, NAMPT, CDKN1A, PLAUR, PLAU, SERPINA1, THBS1, and FN1 were screened by LASSO, SVM, and RF. The RT-qPCR analyses verified that the feature genes were up-regulated in AMI patients, which were basically consistent with the main bioinformatics analysis results. We also validated 9 hub DEARGs in the GSE48060 dataset and constructed a nomogram by integrating these DEARGs. This study analyzed the differential expression of ARGs and immune profiles in AMI and normal samples, screened 9 risk feature genes for predicting AMI, and provided a theoretical basis for the immunotherapy regimen of AMI.
Protection against myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury by liquiritin: involvement of autophagy restoration targeting PIK3CA.
Mao H, Li Z, Lu C
Braz J Med Biol Res · 2026 · PMID 41538663 · Full text
The current therapy for myocardial infarction focuses on reestablishing blood flow in the coronary arteries to reduce the ischemic area, but the subsequent damage caused by reperfusion cannot be ignored. Liquiritin, a pr...
The current therapy for myocardial infarction focuses on reestablishing blood flow in the coronary arteries to reduce the ischemic area, but the subsequent damage caused by reperfusion cannot be ignored. Liquiritin, a primary flavonoid compound found in the medicinal plant licorice, exhibits distinct pharmacological properties including neuroprotection, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic effects. However, further research on its role and mechanism in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is needed. The aim of this work was to elucidate the protection of liquiritin against myocardial I/R insult and whether liquiritin-mediated autophagy restoration was associated with phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) in vivo and in vitro. Liquiritin administration by oral gavage inhibited pathological injury of myocardial I/R injured rats, evidenced by improved cardiac function and reduced infarct size. Moreover, liquiritin restored excessive autophagy by promoting the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (AKT) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), which was accompanied by PIK3CA upregulation. Mechanistically, silencing PIK3CA in rat H9c2 cardiomyoblasts diminished the beneficial effects against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) injury reflected by exacerbated apoptosis and dysregulated autophagy mediated by the classical PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Liquiritin inhibited excessive autophagic flux via decreasing autophagosome-lysosome fusion, which was similar to the effect of the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine. Moreover, this phenomenon was enhanced when liquiritin and chloroquine were used in combination. Collectively, our work revealed that the protective effect of liquiritin against myocardial I/R injury may be attributed to its autophagy restoration mediated by PIK3CA.
Therapeutic massage with nanostructured lipid carrier gel containing quercetin for muscle injury treatment in rats.
Bellé JM, Moraes JP, Martins RP … +4 more , Puntel GO, Franco C, Rech VC, Signori LU
Braz J Med Biol Res · 2026 · PMID 41538662 · Full text
Quercetin has therapeutic potential in the treatment of musculoskeletal lesions, but presents poor oral absorption because of its low water solubility and structural instability. Its penetration through the skin can be e...
Quercetin has therapeutic potential in the treatment of musculoskeletal lesions, but presents poor oral absorption because of its low water solubility and structural instability. Its penetration through the skin can be enhanced by quercetin-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC-Q), which is increased when applied with massage, but this has not yet been tested. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of massage with NLC-Q gel on biochemical parameters after a traumatic lesion of the gastrocnemius muscle. Forty-five male Wistar rats were divided into five groups (control, lesion, lesion treated with NLC-Q gel, lesion treated by massage with placebo gel, and lesion treated by massage with NLC-Q gel). The gastrocnemius muscle was lesioned by mechanical crushing, and treatments began 24 h after injury. Massage was performed at 12 h intervals for a total of five 5-min sessions. Serum and muscle creatine kinase (CK) concentrations and muscle oxidative stress (concentration of reactive oxygen species [ROS], lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyls, and activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase enzymes) were evaluated 96 h after lesion formation. Blood CK levels increased in all injured groups (P<0.001); however, the interventions reduced plasma CK compared to the lesion group (P<0.05). Interventions reduced lipid peroxidation (P<0.05), but only the NLC-Q gel and massage with NLC-Q gel reduced the concentration of ROS and protein oxidation in the lesion group (P<0.05). These findings indicated that NLC-Q gel and massage with NLC-Q gel can help repair muscle damage and reduce oxidative stress parameters.
Construction and application of a nomogram model for early stage central lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid cancer combined with Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
Huang Y, Zeng F, Song J … +1 more , Du Y
Braz J Med Biol Res · 2026 · PMID 41538661 · Full text
This study aimed to explore the construction and application of a nomogram model for early-stage cervical central lymph node metastasis (CLNM) in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) combined with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT)....
This study aimed to explore the construction and application of a nomogram model for early-stage cervical central lymph node metastasis (CLNM) in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) combined with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). The study included 360 patients with pathologically diagnosed PTC. Of these, 100 patients had PTC with concurrent HT. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify risk factors for CLNM in patients with PTC and HT. A nomogram was designed to guide clinical decision-making. Age, gender, thyroid peroxidase antibody status, tumor diameter, tumor location, multifocal lesions, capsular invasion, calcification, aspect ratio ≥1, irregular morphology, and tumor diameter ≥1 cm strongly correlated with CLNM in patients with PTC combined with HT. Notably, capsular invasion, aspect ratio ≥1, calcification, and irregular morphology were risk factors for CLNM in patients with PTC combined with HT. A nomogram was constructed to visualize and graphically calculate the probability of CLNM development in these patients. Our findings indicated that the independent risk factors for CLNM development in patients with PTC combined with HT are capsular invasion, aspect ratio ≥1, calcification, and irregular morphology. The nomogram model developed in this study has great potential for clinical applications.
Application of omnibearing operating room nursing in total hip arthroplasty and its influence on postoperative pain.
Lu L, Shen J, Zhang H
Braz J Med Biol Res · 2026 · PMID 41538660 · Full text
We aimed to explore the effect of omnibearing operating room nursing in total hip arthroplasty (THA) and its influence on postoperative pain. One hundred and twenty patients who underwent THA were enrolled and assigned i...
We aimed to explore the effect of omnibearing operating room nursing in total hip arthroplasty (THA) and its influence on postoperative pain. One hundred and twenty patients who underwent THA were enrolled and assigned into either a control group or an observation group, with 60 cases in each group. The control group received routine nursing, and the observation group received omnibearing operating room nursing in addition to routine nursing. Perioperative indicators, postoperative pain, physical signs, hip function, quality of life, complications, as well as nursing satisfaction were compared between the two groups. Compared to the control group, the observation group showed shorter operation time and hospital stay, less intraoperative blood loss, lower visual analogue scale (VAS) scores post-operation, a lower rate of additional analgesic use, and decreased respiratory rate, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) at 7 days after operation, as well as elevated Harris Hip Score (HHS) dimension scores, total scores, and SF-36 scores, lower total incidence rate of complications, and higher total satisfaction rate of nursing care (all P<0.05). Omnibearing operating room nursing can relieve postoperative pain, promote the recovery of hip joint function, improve the quality of life, decrease the occurrence of complications, and enhance patients' nursing satisfaction.
Tracking immune dysregulation in COVID-19: lymphocyte dynamics from hospitalization to recovery.
Eburneo GS, Sousa MB, Brunialti MKC … +7 more , Santos SS, Silva JGD, Ferreira PRA, Bellei NCJ, Arakaki JSO, Leite GGF, Salomao R
Braz J Med Biol Res · 2025 · PMID 41259458 · Full text
A hallmark of COVID-19 patients is the reduction of the lymphocyte population accompanied by activation, senescence, and exhaustion markers. We investigated patients admitted to hospital wards who either recovered after...
A hallmark of COVID-19 patients is the reduction of the lymphocyte population accompanied by activation, senescence, and exhaustion markers. We investigated patients admitted to hospital wards who either recovered after a short hospitalization or progressed to critical illness. Patients (n=48) were recruited between May and September 2020; 19 healthy volunteers were enrolled as controls. Blood samples were collected on days 0, 3, and 7 of hospitalization and around 30 days after discharge (convalescence sample, CS30). Lymphocyte counts and extended immunophenotyping were performed by flow cytometry and analyzed using conventional and stochastic methods. At D0 and D7, total lymphocytes, natural killer cells, T cells, TCD4 cells, and TCD8 cells were lower in patients than in volunteers but were restored at CS30. The stochastic analysis identified 11 distinct clusters of lymphocytes, nine of them with significant differences between patients and healthy controls. Clusters of TCD8+ memory cells showing activation, senescence, and exhaustion were increased in patients during hospitalization and in the convalescence samples. In contrast, clusters 5 (TCD4+ Central Memory exhausted activated) and 7 (TCD4+ Central Memory exhausted) were decreased in patients during the disease compared to healthy controls. Overall, the conventional flow cytometry analyses corroborated the findings from the stochastic analysis, showing that effector memory (EM) and TEMRA subsets exhibited sustained markers of exhaustion and senescence, particularly in TCD8+ cells. Our findings reinforce lymphopenia, T cell activation, senescence, and exhaustion as essential immunological features of COVID-19; while cell counts fully recovered, lymphocytes remained dysfunctional in convalescent samples.
Detection of autoantibodies in severe COVID-19 patients two years after hospital discharge.
Hi EMB, Bianchi CCR, Gritte RB … +7 more , Klauss PHA, Leal NFSM, Oliveira IS, Barros MFCB, Soriano FG, Curi R, Machado MCC
Braz J Med Biol Res · 2025 · PMID 41259457 · Full text
After SARS-CoV-2 infection, severe COVID-19 may develop with persistent sequelae, even after hospital discharge. This condition may result from tissue damage or immune alterations caused by the virus, including immune dy...
After SARS-CoV-2 infection, severe COVID-19 may develop with persistent sequelae, even after hospital discharge. This condition may result from tissue damage or immune alterations caused by the virus, including immune dysregulation, hyperinflammation, loss of immune tolerance, excessive neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) production, and antibody cross-reactivity (molecular mimicry), which can promote autoantibody development. This study evaluated autoantibody expression in patients with long COVID-19 and its potential relationship with symptoms. Conducted in Baixada Santista, São Paulo, Brazil, the study involved 55 participants aged 21-85 years who had tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Blood samples were collected two years post-discharge, and serum was analyzed for inflammatory and autoimmune markers, including antinuclear antibody (ANA), rheumatoid factor (RF), anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP), procalcitonin (PCT), Venereal Disease Research Laboratory test (VDRL), and C-reactive protein (CRP). Results were compared to a control group of 21 individuals who never tested positive for COVID-19. Among severe COVID-19 patients, 26 reacted to ANA, 16 to VDRL, 2 had elevated RF, 12 had increased PCT, and 11 had high CRP, whereas the control group showed no reactive results. Anti-CCP values were not significant. Findings suggest that hyperinflammation may contribute to autoimmunity, particularly in cases of reactive ANA levels, linking COVID-19 symptoms to autoimmune responses.
SEMA6A overexpression inhibited tumor growth and metastasis in colorectal cancer.
Huang C, Ma L, Zhao Q … +2 more , Mi Y, Tian Y
Braz J Med Biol Res · 2025 · PMID 41259456 · Full text
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth-leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Semaphorin 6A (SEMA6A) is a member of the semaphorin family, and its specific biological function in CRC progression remains uncl...
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth-leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Semaphorin 6A (SEMA6A) is a member of the semaphorin family, and its specific biological function in CRC progression remains unclear. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that SEMA6A expression was downregulated in CRC tissues and that low expression of SEMA6A was associated with a poor prognosis. Compared with those in normal colorectal epithelial cells, SEMA6A expression levels were lower in CRC cell lines. CACO2 and SW48 cells were chosen to construct stable SEMA6A-knockdown and SEMA6A-overexpressing cell lines. SEMA6A knockdown promoted CACO2 proliferation. Conversely, SEMA6A overexpression inhibited the proliferation and promoted the apoptosis of SW48 cells. Transwell and wound healing assays demonstrated that SEMA6A overexpression inhibited the invasion and migration ability of SW48 cells. SEMA6A overexpression might impede CRC cell migration and invasion by inhibiting the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, as evidenced by the downregulation of N-cadherin expression and the upregulation of E-cadherin expression in SW48 cells. To further validate the role of SEMA6A in CRC progression in vivo, transplanted tumor and liver metastasis mouse models were constructed in nude mice by injecting stable SEMA6A-overexpressing SW48 cell lines. SEMA6A overexpression inhibited tumor growth in SW48 tumor-bearing mice and the expression of Ki-67 in tumor tissues. In addition, SEMA6A overexpression resulted in a marked decrease in liver metastasis of CRC cells, with decreased numbers of hepatic metastatic nodules and infiltration of cancer cells. In summary, SEMA6A overexpression alleviated CRC progression by inhibiting tumor growth and metastasis both in vivo and in vitro.
Impact of targeted nursing care and nutritional support on clinical outcomes in diabetic nephropathy patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis.
Yu X, Li Y, Zhang X
Braz J Med Biol Res · 2025 · PMID 41259455 · Full text
This study aimed to investigate the impact of targeted nursing care combined with nutritional support on the clinical outcomes of diabetic nephropathy (DN) patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (HD). Clinical indi...
This study aimed to investigate the impact of targeted nursing care combined with nutritional support on the clinical outcomes of diabetic nephropathy (DN) patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (HD). Clinical indicators such as serum creatinine (SCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), fasting blood glucose (FBG), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and K (urea clearance) × t (dialysis time) / V (volume of urea distribution) (Kt/V), as well as inflammatory indicators such as high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin (IL)-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and nutritional indicators such as transferrin (TRF), albumin (ALB), and prealbumin (PA) were measured. SF-36 quality of life scale scores were assessed, and adverse events and patient satisfaction with care were recorded. Post-intervention, the experimental group exhibited lower SCr, BUN, FBG, HbA1c, hs-CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α, and higher body mass index, Kt/V, TRF, ALB, and PA than the control group (all P<0.05). Additionally, the experimental group demonstrated higher nursing satisfaction scores, and lower total incidence of adverse events compared to the control group (all P<0.05). Targeted nursing care combined with nutritional support applied to DN patients during HD helped improve residual renal function, reduce the body's inflammatory response, improve nutritional status and the quality of life, reduce adverse events, and at the same time, improve nursing satisfaction.
Biochanin A exerts an anti-inflammatory effect on adipose tissue and liver of ovariectomized obese mice.
Aragão JMDA, Heimfarth L, Neres WS … +12 more , Felix FB, Santos PRD, Abreu FF, Cercato LM, Nascimento ACS, Vasconcelos ABS, Soares RC, Albuquerque Júnior RLC, Heiden GI, Moura TR, Camargo EA, Grespan R
Braz J Med Biol Res · 2025 · PMID 41259454 · Full text
Biochanin A (BCA), a phytoestrogen with broad therapeutic potential, is a promising molecule for alleviating post-menopausal symptoms and treating disorders related to reproductive metabolism. Nevertheless, the effect of...
Biochanin A (BCA), a phytoestrogen with broad therapeutic potential, is a promising molecule for alleviating post-menopausal symptoms and treating disorders related to reproductive metabolism. Nevertheless, the effect of BCA on inflammatory changes caused by postmenopausal obesity is unclear. Thus, this study focused on investigating the impact of BCA on the adipose tissue and liver of ovariectomized (OVX) mice subjected to a high-fat diet (HFD). We found that BCA treatment reduced the crown-like structures (CLS), adipocyte area, and hypertrophic adipocyte distribution. This was accompanied by an increase in the anti-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-10 and the expression of Mrc1 (CD206), a marker for M2 macrophages. Furthermore, there was a reduction in the extent of hepatic steatosis, triglyceride content, and the expression of Nos2, the M1 marker. We concluded that BCA exerted an anti-inflammatory response in the tissues, promoting a resolving profile, although the metabolic profile of the animals was not altered. This study was the first to demonstrate the anti-inflammatory effect of BCA in ovariectomized animals with established obesity.
Retrospective evaluation of the PRE-DELIRIC score in a Chinese mixed ICU: implications for nursing practice.
Yuan T, Wang YX
Braz J Med Biol Res · 2025 · PMID 41259453 · Full text
Delirium is a common complication in intensive care units (ICU). The PRE-DELIRIC model has shown promise in early delirium prediction, but its performance in Chinese ICU settings remains unclear. The objective of this st...
Delirium is a common complication in intensive care units (ICU). The PRE-DELIRIC model has shown promise in early delirium prediction, but its performance in Chinese ICU settings remains unclear. The objective of this study was to validate the PRE-DELIRIC model in a Chinese mixed medical-surgical ICU and evaluate its utility in guiding nursing interventions for delirium prevention. In this single-center retrospective cohort study, adult patients admitted to the ICU between January 2023 and October 2024 were included. The PRE-DELIRIC score was calculated within 24 h of admission. Delirium was assessed using Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU (CAM-ICU) every 8 h. Model discrimination was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC). Among 580 patients, 176 (30.4%) developed delirium. The model showed good discrimination (AUROC 0.84; 95%CI: 0.81-0.87) and calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow χ2=8.96, P=0.34). At the optimal cut-off point of 30%, sensitivity was 81.8% and specificity 78.2%, with 90.8% negative predictive value. Performance remained consistent across surgical (AUROC 0.84), medical (AUROC 0.86), and trauma patients (AUROC 0.85). Delirious patients had longer ICU stays (median 11.2 vs 7.1 days, P<0.001) and higher mortality (15.9 vs 10.4%, P=0.028). The PRE-DELIRIC model demonstrated reliable predictive performance in Chinese ICU settings. Integration into routine nursing assessment could guide individualized preventive interventions and optimize resource utilization.
H2S inhibits high glucose-induced osteoblast injury by inhibiting ferroptosis in diabetic osteoporosis in vitro.
Shi Q, Chen F, Wu W
Braz J Med Biol Res · 2025 · PMID 41259452 · Full text
Diabetic osteoporosis (DOP) is a complication of prolonged hyperglycemia. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been identified as a protective factor in bone development. However, the mechanism by which H2S antagonizes the effects...
Diabetic osteoporosis (DOP) is a complication of prolonged hyperglycemia. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been identified as a protective factor in bone development. However, the mechanism by which H2S antagonizes the effects of high glucose (HG) on osteoblasts remains unclear. The effects of HG and H2S on osteoblasts were assessed through transcriptomic and metabolomic sequencing to identify key changes in gene expression and metabolism. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralization, iron ion levels, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, cell proliferation, and protein expression were evaluated. Transcriptomic analysis revealed significant upregulation of the ferroptosis pathway in HG-treated osteoblasts. Fer-1 and H2S antagonized the HG-induced decrease in osteoblast cell proliferation, increase in ROS production, decrease in MMP, decrease in ALP, decrease in mineralized nodules, and increase in iron ions and MDA. Transcriptome analysis showed Fer-1 was involved in upregulating the synthesis, secretion, and action of parathyroid hormone and estrogen synthesis, while downregulating the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathway. Metabolomic analysis showed H2S restored glutathione metabolism, reducing pyroglutamic acid and L-5-oxoproline levels. Transcriptome sequencing identified downregulated genes (hmox1, ncoa4) and an upregulated gene (slc40a1) related to ferroptosis in the H2S + HG group compared with the HG group. Western blot analysis indicated H2S increased GPX4 and SLC7A11 levels while reducing ACSL4 expression compared with the HG group. Ferroptosis may be involved in the pathogenesis of DOP and H2S can effectively alleviate osteoblast injury by inhibiting ferroptosis in DOP.
Difference in the prevalence of hypertension when measured according to the American Heart Association and the European Society of Cardiology hypertension cut-offs in the ELSA-Brasil cohort.
Favaretto ALF, Duncan BB, Schmidt MI … +5 more , Bittencourt MS, Barreto SM, Santos ABS, Foppa M, Moreira LB
Braz J Med Biol Res · 2025 · PMID 41259451 · Full text
The 2017 US guidelines for the prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of high blood pressure in adults proposed the diagnosis of hypertension at 130/80 mmHg, while the European Society of Cardiology and 2020 B...
The 2017 US guidelines for the prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of high blood pressure in adults proposed the diagnosis of hypertension at 130/80 mmHg, while the European Society of Cardiology and 2020 Brazilian Guidelines of Hypertension maintain the 140/90 mmHg cut-off. We aimed to evaluate how the cut-off established by the American Heart Association guidelines would impact the prevalence of hypertension in the ELSA-Brasil cohort and compare the clinical characteristics among these subgroups. The participants were part of the ongoing ELSA-Brasil multicenter cohort, with baseline data collected between 2008 and 2010, consisting of 15,105 public servants of both sexes aged 35 to 74 years. Hypertension (≥140 or ≥90 mmHg or use of antihypertensive drugs in the last two weeks if below these values) prevalence was 36.2% (95%CI: 35.4-36.9, n=5,456) with the Brazilian cut-off and 51.4% (95%CI: 50.6-52.1, n=7,756) when considering the US cut-off (SBP≥130 or DBP≥80 mmHg). In general, those with high blood pressure (HBP) presented an intermediate-risk profile compared to the hypertension group. Lowering the hypertension cut-off caused an absolute increase of 15.2% in the prevalence of hypertension in the sample of public servants studied. HBP individuals showed intermediate-risk profile between normal blood pressure and hypertension and represented a large fraction of the population who may benefit from treatment.
Establishing the reference intervals for subpopulations of T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and natural killer cells: insight from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil).
Dias ICS, Maluf CB, Xavier SG … +3 more , Giatti L, Barreto SM, Vidigal PG
Braz J Med Biol Res · 2025 · PMID 41124450 · Full text
The aim of this study was to establish reference intervals for lymphocyte subpopulations in the peripheral blood of Brazilian adults, and to assess potential variations by gender and age groups. The study assessed 351 he...
The aim of this study was to establish reference intervals for lymphocyte subpopulations in the peripheral blood of Brazilian adults, and to assess potential variations by gender and age groups. The study assessed 351 healthy participants of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). Lymphocyte subpopulations were analyzed by dual platform using automated hematological analyzer Sysmex XN-3000 and the four-color flow cytometer on the FACSCalibur. Reference intervals were established using the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles. Z-score was employed to ascertain the need for distinct reference intervals across gender and age groups. The Mann-Whitney test, with a significance level set at P<0.05, was conducted to identify differences among population groups. The absolute and relative reference intervals were: total lymphocytes: 1.0-2.9 (×103/µL); CD3+: 721.0-2311.5 cells/μL, 59.1-84.5%; CD4+: 421.4-1523.8 cells/μL, 32.5-61.6%; CD8+: 175.3-879.8 cells/μL, 12.3-39.1%; CD4+CD8+: 0.8-4.1 cells/μL; CD19+: 85.2-501.6 cells/μL, 5.6-21.0%; NK: 83.9-444.4 cells/μL, 4.3-23.5%. Significant gender and age differences were observed in both the relative and absolute values of most lymphocyte subpopulations. There are variations in lymphocyte subsets across the global population, underscoring the need to establish tailored reference intervals for distinct populations, particularly for Helper T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and NK cells.
Fractal analysis of peripheral blood neutrophil chromatin in patients infected with Trypanosoma cruzi and/or HIV correlates with left ventricle ejection fraction, T CD4+, and T CD8+ lymphocytes levels.
Silva NM, Porto GSM, Carvalho AE … +8 more , Leite NPM, Andrade CM, Fernandes TAAM, Almeida VD, Filho JSO, Lopes IMSS, Fernandes TS, Andrade MF
Braz J Med Biol Res · 2025 · PMID 41124449 · Full text
Fractal analysis (FA) of neutrophils has demonstrated potential in identifying changes in chromatin associated with clinical parameters in individuals with chronic diseases. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate FA...
Fractal analysis (FA) of neutrophils has demonstrated potential in identifying changes in chromatin associated with clinical parameters in individuals with chronic diseases. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate FA of neutrophils' nuclei from patients with Trypanosoma cruzi and/or HIV. Fifty-three individuals were recruited and divided into four groups: T. cruzi-infected patients with chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy (CCC) (n=18), seropositive HIV individuals (SPHIV) (n=14), T. cruzi-HIV coinfected patients (n=9), and healthy individuals (n=12). Micrographs of neutrophils underwent FA using a box-counting method in the ImageJ software. Clinical parameters obtained from patients' medical records, such as left ventricle mass index (LVMI), left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF), risk of ischemic stroke (IS), and sudden death were analyzed. FA was lower in patients compared to the control group (P<0.0001). Chagas disease (CD) patients showed higher FA when the LVEF was higher (r=0.53), which increased the risk of sudden death (r=-0.62). In SPHIV, when FA was higher, T CD4+ lymphocyte count was also higher (r=0.66) and the T CD8+ lymphocyte count was lower (r=-0.54). Coinfected individuals showed higher FA, when LVEF (r=0.60), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (r=0.80), total lymphocytes (r=0.70), and T CD4+ lymphocyte count (r=0.70) were increased, and T CD8+ lymphocyte count was decreased (r=-0.70). FA was an independent marker of changes in neutrophil chromatin and has proven to be a prognostic tool and a method for risk stratification for adverse events, survival, and mortality in individuals infected with T. cruzi and/or HIV.
About
- Frequency
- Sun
- Papers found
- 200
- RSS feed
- Subscribe