Cardiol Young [JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
When the stakes are high and the supports are low: emotional exhaustion among health professionals working in paediatric cardiac care.
Akram F, Webb AE, Pidcock M … +5 more , Sholler GF, Weatherall A, Reiter-Purtill J, Farrar MA, Kasparian NA
Cardiol Young · 2026 Mar · PMID 41797702 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Burnout and adverse mental health outcomes are increasingly reported by health professionals, affecting work engagement or collaboration, with negative effects on staff retention and healthcare...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Burnout and adverse mental health outcomes are increasingly reported by health professionals, affecting work engagement or collaboration, with negative effects on staff retention and healthcare quality. This cross-sectional study assessed the prevalence and correlates of work-related emotional exhaustion among health professionals in paediatric cardiac care. METHODS: Health professionals (153 nurses, 37 medical doctors, 22 allied and mental health professionals, 17 research/administrative staff; 55% response rate, 85% women) at a large quaternary paediatric hospital in Australia completed validated measures within the Health Professional Survey (June 2020-February 2021). Emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation, and personal accomplishment at work were measured using the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Hierarchical linear regression was used to identify correlates of tested emotional exhaustion, with calculation of 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: Two-thirds (68%) of participants endorsed feeling "used up at the end of the workday," while 65% felt "emotionally drained from work" at least a few times a month. Correlates of emotional exhaustion included higher anxiety ( = 1.41, CI: 0.46, 2.35), greater avoidance-based coping ( = 4.15, CI: 0.22,8.08), greater work-family conflict ( = 0.55, CI: 0.38, 0.71), lower compassion satisfaction ( = -0.55, CI: -0.81, -0.30), and lower approach-based coping (e.g., positive reframing or acceptance, = -3.44, CI: -6.24, -0.65). Demographics, clinical role characteristics, physical health, and psychosocial factors accounted for 62% of the variance in emotional exhaustion ( < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Health professionals providing paediatric cardiac care report emotional exhaustion, which can adversely affect both personal and professional well-being. Identification of correlates can inform the design of targeted initiatives to address mental health needs.
A case report by scientist parents of a paediatric patient diagnosed with Marfan syndrome at 24 weeks of pregnancy.
Souza TCM, Viegas BM
Cardiol Young · 2026 Mar · PMID 41782247 · Publisher ↗
Marfan syndrome (MFS, OMIM #154700) is an autosomal dominant disorder that presents a challenging diagnosis due to its wide clinical variability. The prenatal diagnosis of the syndrome is rare and often associated with u...
Marfan syndrome (MFS, OMIM #154700) is an autosomal dominant disorder that presents a challenging diagnosis due to its wide clinical variability. The prenatal diagnosis of the syndrome is rare and often associated with unfavourable prognoses, such as early mortality. This case report, written by scientist parents, aims to document the clinical journey, management, and development of a paediatric patient diagnosed with Marfan syndrome at 24 weeks of gestation. In the immediate postpartum period, the patient did not show any severe warning signs, such as tachypnoea or prostration. The initial findings included mild dilation of the aortic and pulmonary roots, funnel chest, downward-slanting palpebral fissures, and elongated fingers. Subsequent multidisciplinary follow-up revealed motor delays, hypotonia, and orofacial alterations. Despite the repercussions of Marfan syndrome, the patient's overall health is positive, and their development is consistent with what is expected for childhood. This case report offers a humanised and multidisciplinary perspective on the patient's journey, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis, access to healthcare services, and information to redefine the course of clinical histories, offering hope to other families.
Left atrial appendage thrombus in a term neonate with ventricular dysfunction.
Ahn KJ, Kim ER
Cardiol Young · 2026 Mar · PMID 41782245 · Publisher ↗
Left atrial appendage thrombosis is exceedingly rare in neonates and may present with nonspecific findings. We report a term neonate presenting with poor feeding and a gallop rhythm, who was found to have a large left at...
Left atrial appendage thrombosis is exceedingly rare in neonates and may present with nonspecific findings. We report a term neonate presenting with poor feeding and a gallop rhythm, who was found to have a large left atrial appendage thrombus with ventricular dysfunction. Surgical excision resulted in rapid recovery, highlighting the importance of early echocardiographic evaluation in subtle neonatal heart failure.
Right pulmonary agenesis with ventricular septal defect and partial anomalous left pulmonary artery sling: a case report.
Sakai R, Kim KS, Ono H
Cardiol Young · 2026 Mar · PMID 41782239 · Publisher ↗
Partial anomalous left pulmonary artery sling is an exceptionally rare congenital anomaly, and its coexistence with ventricular septal defect and right lung agenesis has not been reported. We describe a neonate presentin...
Partial anomalous left pulmonary artery sling is an exceptionally rare congenital anomaly, and its coexistence with ventricular septal defect and right lung agenesis has not been reported. We describe a neonate presenting with right lung agenesis, a large ventricular septal defect, partial anomalous left pulmonary artery sling, and congenital tracheal stenosis. Following surgical repair of the ventricular septal defect at 73 days of age, the patient showed marked improvement in respiratory status and was discharged home without respiratory support.
Awareness and practice of physical activity in Omani children with CHDs: a cross-sectional study.
Al-Awidi O, Al Abri I, Al-Subhi A … +5 more , Joshi N, Powell A, Al Sinidi K, Al Balushi A, Al Riyami H
Cardiol Young · 2026 Mar · PMID 41782200 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: CHDs, affecting 1.1% of newborns, are the most prevalent congenital anomalies. Improved survival rates expose children with CHD to long-term risks such as metabolic and acquired cardiovascular disorders. Desp...
BACKGROUND: CHDs, affecting 1.1% of newborns, are the most prevalent congenital anomalies. Improved survival rates expose children with CHD to long-term risks such as metabolic and acquired cardiovascular disorders. Despite physical activity's benefits, participation is often limited by real and perceived safety concerns. This study evaluates awareness and practice of physical activity among Omani children with CHD. AIM: To quantify physical activity levels and identify influencing factors in Omani children with CHD. METHODS: This cross-sectional study, conducted at major Omani paediatric cardiology centres, surveyed parents of children aged 5-18 years with CHD attending clinics from January 2019 to January 2023. A validated questionnaire assessed activity levels and influencing factors. Children with recent surgery (<3 months), single ventricle, cardiomyopathies, or without parental consent were excluded. RESULTS: Among 412 children, mean weekly physical activity was 2.18 hours. Parental participation in sports ( = 0.42, < 0.001) and cardiologist encouragement ( = 0.38, < 0.001) significantly increased activity levels. Children in houses (64% participation) were more active than those in apartments (34%, = 0.004). Acyanotic CHD was associated with higher participation (66%) than cyanotic CHD (45%). Gender, parental education, and surgical history were not significant predictors. CONCLUSION: Omani children with CHD engage in insufficient physical activity. Parental involvement and cardiologist guidance are critical drivers. We recommend targeted educational programmes and routine exercise counselling to enhance participation.
Implementation of paediatric three-dimensional echocardiography: a quality improvement intervention and process analysis.
O'Meara D, Truong D, Pernetz MA … +6 more , Neal T, Dunaway P, Ro SS, Lundell B, Norman J, Wilson HC
Cardiol Young · 2026 Feb · PMID 41772816 · Publisher ↗
We performed a quality improvement intervention to increase three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography performance for high-yield paediatric patient populations undergoing pre-procedural echocardiograms. Following...
We performed a quality improvement intervention to increase three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography performance for high-yield paediatric patient populations undergoing pre-procedural echocardiograms. Following implementation, the percentage of eligible patients receiving three-dimensional imaging increased significantly from a baseline of 20.3% to a maximum of 90.9%, with minimal impact on workflow. For programmes interested in increasing three-dimensional imaging, we recommend (1) establishing a core group of champions, (2) targeting a clear and measurable goal, and (3) developing a robust system for identifying candidates for three-dimensional imaging.
Thoracıc duct reroutıng for Fontan faılure-assocıated lymphatıc dısease: a case report.
Şerifoğlu Ş, Atik SU, Kamali H … +4 more , Gökalp S, Yildiz O, Haydin S, Guzeltas A
Cardiol Young · 2026 Mar · PMID 41766643 · Publisher ↗
Fontan-associated lymphatic failure may result in severe complications such as plastic bronchitis. We report a 6-year-old Fontan patient with refractory plastic bronchitis despite catheter-based interventions. Surgical t...
Fontan-associated lymphatic failure may result in severe complications such as plastic bronchitis. We report a 6-year-old Fontan patient with refractory plastic bronchitis despite catheter-based interventions. Surgical thoracic duct decompression via innominate vein rerouting to the right atrium resulted in marked symptomatic improvement and resolution of bronchial cast expectoration, highlighting its role in refractory Fontan-related lymphatic disease.
Primary cardiomyopathy in paediatrics: experience in Colombia.
Aranzazu-Ceballos AD, Baquero C, Cañas-Arenas E … +2 more , Correa-Velasquez R, Zapata-Sanchez MM
Cardiol Young · 2026 Feb · PMID 41766641 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Childhood-onset cardiomyopathies are rare and not well characterised. This study aimed to describe the clinical features of a paediatric cohort with primary cardiomyopathies, with a particular focus on aetiol...
BACKGROUND: Childhood-onset cardiomyopathies are rare and not well characterised. This study aimed to describe the clinical features of a paediatric cohort with primary cardiomyopathies, with a particular focus on aetiology and both short- and long-term outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted, including patients diagnosed with primary cardiomyopathies before the age of 18. Clinical presentation, aetiology, and outcomes were analysed for each morphological subtype of cardiomyopathy. RESULTS: A total of 76 patients met the inclusion criteria. Dilated cardiomyopathy was the most common subtype (48.6%), followed by hypertrophic (31.5%), left ventricular non-compaction (10.5%), restrictive (5.2%), and arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (3.9%). The mean age at diagnosis was 6.3 ± 5.6 years, with a slight female predominance (56.6%). The rate of genetic diagnosis was 25.6%; the most commonly identified pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants were in and , across different morphological subtypes. A total of 94.7% of patients received at least one cardiovascular medication, and 9.2% received intracardiac devices. The overall mortality rate was 22.3%, and the heart transplant rate was 15.7%. CONCLUSIONS: These findings highlight the heterogeneous aetiology of paediatric cardiomyopathies and the variability in outcomes according to morphological, genetic, and clinical subtypes. The results underscore the importance of individualised evaluation and management for affected patients.
Subclinical inflammation and paediatric hypertension: the diagnostic value of haematological markers.
Ensari E, Akyol Onder EN, Ertan P
Cardiol Young · 2026 Feb · PMID 41766640 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Systemic inflammation plays an important role in the pathophysiology of hypertension, contributing to endothelial dysfunction and target organ damage. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic and predictiv...
BACKGROUND: Systemic inflammation plays an important role in the pathophysiology of hypertension, contributing to endothelial dysfunction and target organ damage. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic and predictive value of the systemic immune inflammation index, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, and C-reactive protein-albumin ratio in children with primary hypertension by comparing them with healthy controls, assessing their association with disease severity, and examining changes after treatment. METHODS: This retrospective study included 49 paediatric patients with newly diagnosed primary hypertension and 50 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Complete blood count derived indices and biochemical markers were analysed. Patients were stratified by hypertension stage, and post-treatment changes in inflammatory indices were evaluated. RESULTS: The mean age was 16.3 ± 1.9 years in the hypertension group and 15.8 ± 1.3 years in the control group. Systemic immune inflammation index, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, and C-reactive protein-albumin ratio were significantly higher in children with hypertension than in controls ( < 0.05). Systemic immune inflammation index was markedly higher in stage 2 compared with stage 1 hypertension ( = 0.003) and decreased significantly after treatment ( < 0.001). Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and C-reactive protein-albumin ratio emerged as strong diagnostic markers, while systemic immune inflammation index, although less discriminative, was associated with disease severity and decreased significantly after treatment. CONCLUSION: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and C-reactive protein-albumin ratio provide robust diagnostic value in paediatric hypertension. Systemic immune-inflammation index, despite modest diagnostic accuracy, has prognostic significance by indicating disease severity and monitoring treatment effects. Collectively, these markers may serve as cheap and accessible tools for early diagnosis, risk stratification, and follow-up in children with hypertension.
A rare case of partial Shone complex in adulthood: coarctation-site methicillin-sensitive endocarditis and saccular aneurysm.
Akdoğan M, Karaman B, Münüsoğlu S … +3 more , Aktürk Y, Kandemir Ö, Tolunay Karaman H
Cardiol Young · 2026 Feb · PMID 41755491 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Shone complex is a rare congenital cardiovascular anomaly characterized by multiple left-sided obstructive lesions. Adult presentation is uncommon and may result in atypical clinical manifestations, particula...
BACKGROUND: Shone complex is a rare congenital cardiovascular anomaly characterized by multiple left-sided obstructive lesions. Adult presentation is uncommon and may result in atypical clinical manifestations, particularly when complicated by infective endocarditis. Coarctation of the aorta-associated infective endocarditis is especially rare and carries significant clinical risk. CASE SUMMARY: We report a 25-year-old male with partial Shone complex consisting of a parachute mitral valve, mitral stenosis, and coarctation of the aorta. The patient presented with persistent high-grade fever and was diagnosed with methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus infective endocarditis based on positive blood cultures. Transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography revealed obstructive left-sided lesions, mitral valve pathology, and moderate aortic regurgitation. Positron emission tomography demonstrated intense hypermetabolic activity at the coarctation site, consistent with active infection and confirming a saccular aneurysm. The patient underwent prolonged intravenous cefazolin therapy followed by surgical repair. The early postoperative course was stable; however, seven months later he re-presented with recurrent fever. Repeat imaging demonstrated graft infection, vegetation on the prosthetic material, and a perforated mitral leaflet. A second course of intravenous antibiotics (cefazolin and rifampicin) was administered, followed by long-term suppressive oral therapy. Subsequent follow-up showed persistent moderate-to-severe mitral regurgitation with stable postoperative anatomy. CONCLUSION: This case highlights a rare adult manifestation of partial Shone complex complicated by coarctation of the aorta-site methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus infection, saccular aneurysm formation, and recurrent graft-associated infective endocarditis. The clinical course underscores the importance of vigilant multimodality imaging, early multidisciplinary evaluation, and long-term follow-up in adults with complex CHD, particularly when infectious complications are present.
Moving forward together in the care of our patients and our teams: from the past to the future.
Penny DJ
Cardiol Young · 2026 Feb · PMID 41755489 · Publisher ↗
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
CHD incidence in offspring of mothers with non-inherited and non-syndromic forms of CHD: a single-centre retrospective cohort study.
Hyder SA, Simmons JE, Scheinuk JE … +2 more , Sinkey R, Cribbs MG
Cardiol Young · 2026 Feb · PMID 41755484 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: CHD affect approximately 1% of live births globally and are the most common congenital anomaly. Contemporary data on CHD risk in offspring of affected mothers remains limited. This study evaluated CHD incid...
INTRODUCTION: CHD affect approximately 1% of live births globally and are the most common congenital anomaly. Contemporary data on CHD risk in offspring of affected mothers remains limited. This study evaluated CHD incidence in offspring of mothers with CHD at a southeastern U.S. academic medical centre. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of patients with CHD who received prenatal care between 2015 and 2023 at a multidisciplinary Cardio-Obstetrics clinic. Patients with acquired heart disease, syndromic or inherited CHD, and deliveries at outside hospitals with missing delivery data were excluded. The primary outcome was infant CHD incidence, confirmed by postnatal echocardiography. Secondary outcomes were neonatal intensive care unit admission, early in-hospital cardiac surgery, and in-hospital infant mortality. RESULTS: A total of 186 mothers with 195 pregnancies and 198 infants were included. CHD was diagnosed in 16 infants (8.1%), most commonly ventricular septal defect. Of affected infants, none required early in-hospital surgery, and one experienced in-hospital mortality, though this infant had severe extracardiac anomalies concerning an underlying genetic syndrome. CONCLUSION: The incidence of CHD among offspring of mothers with CHD in our cohort was higher than the general population; however, the majority of defects were non-critical and did not require early intervention. These findings offer important context for prenatal counselling and tailored fetal/neonatal echocardiography screening in this high-risk population.
Successful catheter ablation of atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia associated with criss-cross heart after Fontan surgery using verapamil to prevent haemodynamic collapse.
Taniguchi K, Izumi G, Yamazawa H
Cardiol Young · 2026 Feb · PMID 41755472 · Publisher ↗
A 6-year-old male with a concordant criss-cross heart after Fontan surgery was referred for fast-slow atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia. Verapamil was useful in preventing haemodynamic collapse in this case, r...
A 6-year-old male with a concordant criss-cross heart after Fontan surgery was referred for fast-slow atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia. Verapamil was useful in preventing haemodynamic collapse in this case, requiring mapping during tachycardia.
Aortopulmonary window associated with criss-cross heart: a rare and complex neonatal presentation.
Coelho Neto JM, Torres de Alencar LF, Dias Mota JL … +10 more , De Andrade Norões Bezerra M, Araujo Pinheiro V, Da Silva Ferreira Marinho J, Teixeira Bentes Monteiro JP, Magalhães Pereira Castello Branco K, Albuquerque Martins M, Consuelo de Oliveira Teles A, Da Silveira MM, Santos de Souza C, Torres de Melo Bezerra Cavalcante C
Cardiol Young · 2026 Feb · PMID 41744492 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Aortopulmonary window is an uncommon CHD that often coexists with additional cardiovascular anomalies. Criss-cross heart, defined by rotation of the ventricular mass with crossed atrioventricular inflow strea...
BACKGROUND: Aortopulmonary window is an uncommon CHD that often coexists with additional cardiovascular anomalies. Criss-cross heart, defined by rotation of the ventricular mass with crossed atrioventricular inflow streams, is exceedingly rare. The coexistence of aortopulmonary window and criss-cross heart is exceptional and markedly increases diagnostic and therapeutic complexity. CASE SUMMARY: We report a full-term neonate with prenatal suspicion of aortopulmonary window. Postnatal echocardiography and CT demonstrated situs solitus, concordant atrioventricular and ventriculoarterial connections, rotational malalignment of the ventricles consistent with criss-cross heart, an inferior sinus venosus atrial septal defect, and a large type III aortopulmonary window. There was marked right-sided dilation and evolving right ventricular dysfunction, although no interrupted aortic arch was identified. At 17 days of life, the patient underwent early surgical repair with reconstruction of the aortic pathway. Despite anatomically successful correction, the immediate postoperative course was complicated by severe ventricular dysfunction and refractory low cardiac output syndrome, requiring venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for haemodynamic stabilisation. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was discontinued on day nine, and follow-up imaging showed preserved biventricular systolic function and no residual aortopulmonary window. CONCLUSION: This case illustrates an exceptionally rare association between aortopulmonary window and criss-cross heart, underscoring the value of prenatal detection and detailed postnatal imaging to delineate complex anatomical relationships. Early surgical intervention was mandatory, and the need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation highlights the high intrinsic risk of this anatomical combination. Reporting such cases expands the limited literature on rare congenital cardiac malformations and may inform future refinements in diagnostic evaluation and perioperative management.
Evaluation of the frequency of complications and affecting factors in children undergoing cardiac catheterisation.
Barlas M, Akin A, Ture M … +1 more , Uc D
Cardiol Young · 2026 Feb · PMID 41742677 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: This study aims to identify the factors affecting the development of complications and to present the necessary data to the literature in order to reduce the frequency of complications as a result of some mea...
BACKGROUND: This study aims to identify the factors affecting the development of complications and to present the necessary data to the literature in order to reduce the frequency of complications as a result of some measures that can be taken against them. METHODS: This retrospective study included 609 patients between the ages of 0 and 18 who underwent cardiac catheterisation between 2012 and 2020 by our Department of Paediatric Cardiology. The patient's demographic data, cardiac catheterisation-related data, laboratory results, and all data in the post-procedure records are scanned and evaluated. RESULTS: Of the patients aged between 0 and 216 months (mean 67.1 ± 55.8 months), 371 were female (60.9%). Interventional catheterisation was performed in 419 (68.4%) of the patients, and diagnostic catheterisation was performed in 193 (31.6%). Complications were detected in 39 patients (6.4%). The most frequent complications were vascular complications in 16 patients (41%), bleeding in 5 patients (12.8%), anaemia in 4 patients (10.3%), and arrhythmia in 3 patients (7.7%). Mortality occurred in 2 patients (0.3%). Risk factors for the development of complications were determined as <10 kg ( = 0.001) and <1 year of age ( = 0.002). CONCLUSION: The most common complications were vascular complications, followed by bleeding and anaemia. Low body weight (<10 kg) and being under 12 months of age are risk factors for the development of complications. Considering that most studies only include certain age groups or certain types of procedures, our study will make a significant contribution to the literature as it includes a larger scale and different types of procedures.
Role of midodrine in children with recurrent vasovagal syncope: a retrospective examination of therapeutic outcomes.
Basunlu MT, Akdeniz C, Sari G … +1 more , Tuzcu V
Cardiol Young · 2026 Feb · PMID 41742673 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Vasovagal syncope is the most common cause of syncope in children, and there is no satisfactory treatment currently. We evaluated the response to midodrine treatment in patients with vasovagal syncope who fai...
BACKGROUND: Vasovagal syncope is the most common cause of syncope in children, and there is no satisfactory treatment currently. We evaluated the response to midodrine treatment in patients with vasovagal syncope who failed to benefit from conventional, non-pharmacologic treatments. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was a single-centre retrospective study. The data of 44 children between the ages of 6 and 18 years, who were diagnosed with recurrent vasovagal syncope, did not benefit from non- pharmacological treatments, and received midodrine treatment from 2015 to 2022 were enrolled in the study. RESULTS: In total, 44 patients, 38 (86.4%) were girls, and 6 (13.6%) were boys. The primary outcome measure was the change in frequency of vasovagal syncope episodes from baseline to 6 months after treatment with midodrine. Patients received a midodrine treatment at an average of 2.5-5 mg/day and were followed for a median of 23.07 (8-72) months. The median number of syncope was 4.2 (3-9.8)/year prior to treatment and 1.2 (1-5)/year ( = 0.01) following the treatment. There was a significant improvement in syncope episodes in all patients. CONCLUSION: Vasovagal syncope is the common cause of syncope in children, and its treatment has not yet been found satisfactory. Midodrine treatment was found to be effective and safe in paediatric patients with recurrent vasovagal syncope. However, further research is needed to determine the most effective treatment for this condition.
The effect of parental smoking on early atherosclerotic changes in paediatric age group.
Coşkun N, Tosun Ö
Cardiol Young · 2026 Feb · PMID 41742670 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: This study aimed to evaluate the independent effect of parental smoking on early markers of atherosclerosis in children, specifically carotid intima-media thickness and epicardial adipose tissue thic...
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: This study aimed to evaluate the independent effect of parental smoking on early markers of atherosclerosis in children, specifically carotid intima-media thickness and epicardial adipose tissue thickness. METHODS: A total of 106 healthy children aged 6-16 years were enrolled, including 53 with parental smoking exposure and 53 unexposed controls. Participants underwent clinical evaluation, laboratory assessment, transthoracic echocardiography, and carotid ultrasonography. Data on parental smoking habits, sociodemographic characteristics, and children's daily sleep duration were collected. Multivariable analyses were performed to assess the independent association between parental smoking and subclinical atherosclerotic markers. RESULTS: Children exposed to parental smoking demonstrated significantly greater epicardial adipose tissue thickness and carotid intima-media thickness compared with controls ( = 0.014 and = 0.001, respectively). Lipid parameters did not differ significantly between groups. Daily sleep duration was negatively correlated with epicardial adipose tissue thickness ( = -0.325, = 0.018) and carotid intima-media thickness ( = -0.484, < 0.001). Parental smoking remained independently associated with both markers after adjustment for relevant covariates. CONCLUSIONS: Parental smoking is associated with early atherosclerotic changes in children, demonstrated by increased carotid intima-media thickness and epicardial adipose tissue thickness, independent of traditional cardiovascular risk factors.
Sinus venosus atrial septal defect with partial anomalous pulmonary and hepatic venous drainage: a case report.
Hosseinzadeh Maleki M, Bakavoli AH, Birjandi H … +1 more , Fallahi NA
Cardiol Young · 2026 Feb · PMID 41732880 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Sinus venosus atrial septal defect is an uncommon congenital cardiac anomaly frequently associated with partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage. The coexistence of this defect with anomalous hepatic venou...
BACKGROUND: Sinus venosus atrial septal defect is an uncommon congenital cardiac anomaly frequently associated with partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage. The coexistence of this defect with anomalous hepatic venous drainage, cor triatriatum, and two arterial ductal connections is extremely rare and may create diagnostic and surgical challenges. CASE SUMMARY: An eleven-month-old female infant with tachypnoea and growth retardation was found to have sinus venosus atrial septal defect with partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage and anomalous hepatic venous drainage to the coronary sinus on CT angiography. Cardiac catheterisation demonstrated a moderate left-to-right shunt and mildly elevated pulmonary artery pressure. Intraoperative assessment unexpectedly revealed two arterial ductal connections and cor triatriatum. Surgical management consisted of closure of the atrial septal defect, rerouting of pulmonary veins, and ligation of both arterial ductal connections. Hepatic venous drainage was left unaltered due to low flow and lack of hemodynamic effect. Postoperative recovery was uneventful. CONCLUSION: This rare constellation of anomalies highlights the importance of advanced imaging, careful preoperative planning, and intraoperative vigilance for unanticipated findings in CHD.
Comparison of Ozaki and Ross procedures for paediatric aortic valve disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Lu Q, Xu K, Li P … +4 more , Wang P, Huang P, Yuan Z, Liu J
Cardiol Young · 2026 Feb · PMID 41732876 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: To compare the clinical efficacy and prognosis of Ozaki procedure and Ross procedure in the treatment of paediatric aortic valve disease. METHODS: According to the predetermined inclusion and exclusion criter...
OBJECTIVES: To compare the clinical efficacy and prognosis of Ozaki procedure and Ross procedure in the treatment of paediatric aortic valve disease. METHODS: According to the predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria, relevant clinical studies were comprehensively searched in three databases, and relevant data were extracted for analysis and comparison. RESULTS: This meta-analysis included four retrospective cohort studies with a total of 243 patients (117 undergoing Ozaki procedure and 126 undergoing Ross procedure). There were no significant difference in the in-hospital all-cause mortality [odds ratio = 1.38; 95% confidence interval: 0.38, 5.07, = 0.63] and all-cause mortality during the follow-up period [odds ratio = 1.85; 95% confidence interval: 0.54, 6.32, = 0.32] between Ozaki procedure and Ross procedure. The reoperation on the aortic valve [odds ratio = 10.48; 95% confidence interval: 2.22, 49.40, = 0.003] was higher in the Ozaki procedure than in the Ross procedure. There were no patients who underwent pulmonary valve reoperation after Ozaki procedure [odds ratio = 0.21; 95% confidence interval: 0.03, 1.23, = 0.08]. The cumulative reoperation rate after Ozaki procedure [odds ratio = 2.29; 95% confidence interval: 0.93, 5.66, = 0.07] was higher than that of Ross procedure, but the difference was not statistically significant. The cardiopulmonary bypass time after Ozaki procedure [odds ratio = -32.09; 95% confidence interval:-45.05, -19.14, < 0.00001] was shorter than that of Ross procedure. The incidence of postoperative complications [odds ratio = 0.24; 95% confidence interval: 0.04, 1.62, = 0.14], aortic cross-clamping time [odds ratio = -20.39; 95% confidence interval: -43.68, 2.90, = 0.09], ventilator assistance time [odds ratio = 1.71; 95% confidence interval: -42.70, 46.13, = 0.94], and ICU time [odds ratio = -0.38; 95% confidence interval: -0.93, 0.16, = 0.17] in Ozaki procedure was not statistically significant compared to Ross procedure. CONCLUSIONS: In the treatment of children with aortic valve disease, there is no statistically significant difference between the Ozaki procedure and the Ross procedure in terms of freedom from reoperation and all-cause mortality.
Surgical management of double outlet right ventricle with outflow obstruction: a systematic review of biventricular strategies.
Semyashkin A, Nesteruk J, Ben Mime L
Cardiol Young · 2026 Feb · PMID 41732874 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Double outlet right ventricle is a heterogeneous congenital defect in which both great arteries arise predominantly from the right ventricle. Several operative strategies exist, but contemporary paediatric ou...
BACKGROUND: Double outlet right ventricle is a heterogeneous congenital defect in which both great arteries arise predominantly from the right ventricle. Several operative strategies exist, but contemporary paediatric outcome data have not been systematically synthesised. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, and medRxiv (2000-2025) identified cohort studies and case series including ≥10 children undergoing biventricular repair strategies reported in double outlet right ventricle cohorts, including intraventricular rerouting procedures, root-based realignment techniques, and neonatal pathway operations such as the Yasui procedure. Two reviewers independently screened studies, extracted anatomical and operative data, and assessed risk of bias. Early mortality and 10-year survival were pooled using random-effects models with logit transformation. RESULTS: Thirteen studies (413 children; median follow-up ∼7 years) met inclusion criteria. Early mortality ranged from 0% to 6.8%. Pooled early mortality was 2.7% for Rastelli, 3.6% for REV, and 5.8% for Nikaidoh/Bex operations. Ten-year survival exceeded 90% across all major strategies. Conduit replacement was frequent after Rastelli and Nikaidoh/Bex repair. REV avoided a conduit but required right ventricular outflow tract reinterventions in about one-quarter of patients. Nikaidoh/Bex procedures provided durable left ventricular outflow but showed 19-35% conduit failure. Yasui repairs achieved excellent neonatal survival but required frequent conduit replacement. CONCLUSIONS: Contemporary double outlet right ventricle repair provides excellent long-term survival with early mortality <6%. Procedure selection should consider ventricular septal defect position, risk of postoperative left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, coronary anatomy, and patient size.
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