Nutr Health [JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Nutraceutical enhancement of paraoxonase 1 activity in chronic inflammation: A systematic review of animal-based and plant-based nutraceuticals.
Paparozzi J, Barroca C, Gogerdchian H … +3 more , Girdler M, Akel M, Prashar S
Nutr Health · 2026 Jul · PMID 42393907 · Publisher ↗
High-density lipoproteins (HDL-C) are traditionally viewed as cardioprotective due to their antioxidant capacity and role in cholesterol efflux. These properties are largely mediated by paraoxonase-1 (PON1), an enzyme em...
High-density lipoproteins (HDL-C) are traditionally viewed as cardioprotective due to their antioxidant capacity and role in cholesterol efflux. These properties are largely mediated by paraoxonase-1 (PON1), an enzyme embedded in the HDL-C membrane. Chronic inflammation, such as that sustained in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), can inactivate or displace PON1, converting HDL from anti-inflammatory to pro-inflammatory. This review aimed to identify nutraceutical compounds capable of enhancing PON1 activity and to evaluate their potential relevance to cardiovascular risk reduction in RA patients. A systematic PubMed search identified English-language randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between 2010 and 2024 examining nutraceutical effects on PON1 or HDL function. Of 170 records screened, 23 RCTs met the inclusion criteria. Risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane methods. Nutraceuticals associated with improved PON1 activity included anthocyanins (10 RCTs, 80-320 mg/day), omega-3 fatty acids (4), chlorogenic acid (2), carotenoids such as lycopene and astaxanthin (2), epigallocatechin gallate (2), vitamin E (1), resveratrol (1), and berberine (1). Anthocyanins showed the most consistent benefit, with improvements in HDL-PON1 activity and cholesterol efflux capacity. Translation to diet is feasible; for example, one cup of blueberries provides ∼167 mg of anthocyanins. Lycopene reduced serum amyloid A-bound HDL in one trial, suggesting a mechanism to restore PON1 localization. Multiple nutraceuticals demonstrate potential to restore HDL's anti-inflammatory function via PON1 activation. However, nearly all evidence derives from non-RA populations. Rigorous RCTs in RA cohorts are needed to confirm efficacy, define dosing, and evaluate cardiovascular endpoints.
Caregiver-initiated food avoidance and risk of iron deficiency anemia in early childhood: Evidence from the Japan environment and children's study.
Tanaka R, Tsuji M, Ishitsuka K … +16 more , Sakuragi T, Kitagawa K, Kuwamura M, Suga R, Araki S, Maruyama T, Eguchi H, Shibata E, Morokuma S, Shimono M, Yoshino K, Hamada N, Ochiai M, Ohga S, Kusuhara K, Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS) Group
Nutr Health · 2026 Jul · PMID 42393867 · Publisher ↗
BackgroundThere is limited evidence regarding the association between dietary restrictions and iron deficiency anemia in children.AimThis study aimed to evaluate the association of iron deficiency anemia with avoidance o...
BackgroundThere is limited evidence regarding the association between dietary restrictions and iron deficiency anemia in children.AimThis study aimed to evaluate the association of iron deficiency anemia with avoidance of specific foods without medical advice due to concerns about the onset of food allergies in young children.MethodsA longitudinal study (N = 60,751) was conducted using the data from the Japan Environment and Children's Study. Information regarding dietary restriction and diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia was assessed using a self-administered questionnaire completed by the caregivers. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the likelihood of developing iron deficiency anemia up to 3 years of age following age 2 among children under avoidance of specific food without a medical advice.ResultsChildren with the dietary restriction were more likely to be diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia for 3 years or less after age 2 (dietary restriction at 2 years of age: OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.04-2.91, = 0.034; at 1.5 years of age: OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.17-2.99, = 0.008; 1.5, 2, and 3 years of age: OR 2.18, 95% CI 1.32-3.59, = 0.002).ConclusionAvoidance of specific foods without medical advice due to concerns about food allergies in young children may be associated with an increased risk of iron deficiency anemia.
Cardiometabolic status among shift workers under meal time regulation: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials.
Wulandari F, Khoiriyah IE, Naim AJ … +4 more , Walker AN, Atmaka DR, Khuang IA, Feng Q
Nutr Health · 2026 Jul · PMID 42383913 · Publisher ↗
To date, findings have denoted that disrupted meal timing and eating during biologically inappropriate hours are associated with an increased risk of adverse cardiometabolic outcomes among shift workers. However, solid e...
To date, findings have denoted that disrupted meal timing and eating during biologically inappropriate hours are associated with an increased risk of adverse cardiometabolic outcomes among shift workers. However, solid evidence remains lacking due to the small number of clinical studies and low methodological quality. This review investigated how an intervention targeting shift workers' meal timing affects cardiometabolic markers. The MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, CINAHL Complete, and Scopus were searched using a predefined search strategy. Only randomized controlled trials of adults aged ≥18 under a shift work environment were included. Four trials met the inclusion criteria. Three studies assigned fasting periods during the night shift, ranging between 19:45 and 06:30 h, and one study used 10-h self-selected Time-Restricted Eating (TRE). A 10 h self-selected TRE reported a significantly lower VLDL-C particle size compared with the control group. Four studies reporting fasting insulin levels and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance observed a significant change in one trial after an 8.5-h overnight fast. No studies pointed to significant changes in HDL-C. In the postprandial measurement, 10.75 h of night fasting showed significantly lower glucose AUC, non-esterified fatty acids AUC, and 2-h glucose than in the meal- and snack-at-night group. Body weight was slightly lower after a short overnight fast. The scarcity of trials investigating mealtime interventions and cardiometabolic markers among shift workers limits the generalizability of the findings and raises concerns regarding the robustness of the preliminary positive outcomes. Therefore, more trials with larger sample sizes and longer study durations are required, given the limited number of studies.
The impact of health and environmental consciousness on consumer attitudes toward sustainable food: The mediating role of a healthy lifestyle.
Garg P, Bansal H
Nutr Health · 2026 Jul · PMID 42383861 · Publisher ↗
BackgroundThe consumers' wants have gradually resulted in the shift toward the sustainable food paradigm, where foods that are environmentally friendly, ethically produced, and good for health are being emphasized. Thus,...
BackgroundThe consumers' wants have gradually resulted in the shift toward the sustainable food paradigm, where foods that are environmentally friendly, ethically produced, and good for health are being emphasized. Thus, sustainability has become one of the most important purchasing decision criteria along with nutrition and quality.AimThe paper aims to see the effect on consumer's attitude and behavior towards sustainable food by the factors of health and environmental consciousness, with the focus on the mediation of a healthy lifestyle.MethodsThe PLS-SEM (Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling) method was used for the analysis of the data collected by the questionnaires given to 443 people in Haryana, India.SummaryThe study brought out the conclusion that health and environmental consciousness both significantly and positively influence consumer attitudes towards sustainability in food, along with the healthy lifestyle being a vigorous mediator of the consumer attitudes and, health and environmental consciousness. The model was found to have a very high explanatory power and also a high predictive relevance. The study in its theoretical aspect broadens the value-attitude-behavior framework by connecting awareness to lifestyle practices, while in its practical aspect it gives marketers and policymakers a signal to promote sustainable food through health and environmental consciousness.
Effects of probiotics intervention on sperm parameters: A systematic review on literature.
Shamsi-Goushki A, Mahmoodi MR, Ashourzadeh S … +2 more , Jazinaki MS, Rezvani R
Nutr Health · 2026 Jun · PMID 42377322 · Publisher ↗
Male infertility is a critical global health issue, often linked to oxidative stress and inflammation. Probiotics, known for modulating gut health, have been proposed as a potential intervention for improving male reprod...
Male infertility is a critical global health issue, often linked to oxidative stress and inflammation. Probiotics, known for modulating gut health, have been proposed as a potential intervention for improving male reproductive health. However, the evidence remains fragmented, necessitating a systematic review to consolidate findings. This study systematically evaluates the effects of probiotic interventions on sperm parameters, including count, motility, morphology, and DNA integrity, in human and animal models. Adhering to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library were searched up to November 2024. Eligible studies included controlled trials evaluating the effects of probiotics on sperm parameters in humans and animals. Data extraction focused on study design, probiotic species, dosages, intervention durations, and outcomes. The risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using SYRCLE's RoB tool for animal studies and Cochrane RoB for human studies. Fifteen studies (5 humans, 10 animals) met the inclusion criteria. Probiotic species, belonging predominantly to the genera , (both formerly ), , and , significantly improved sperm count, motility, morphology, and antioxidant markers. Mechanistic insights highlighted reductions in oxidative stress and inflammation, and improvements in communication between the gut and testis. While findings were consistent, heterogeneity in study design and species used was evident. Probiotics show promise in enhancing sperm parameters, mediated through systemic reductions in oxidative stress and inflammation. However, standardized protocols and long-term studies are necessary to validate their efficacy and develop clinical guidelines.
Food insecurity, nutrition, and mental health in children after earthquake exposure: Evidence from Türkiye.
Arslan N
Nutr Health · 2026 Jun · PMID 42370796 · Publisher ↗
BackgroundChildren are particularly vulnerable to the psychological and nutritional consequences of natural disasters such as earthquakes. Understanding the relationship between mental health outcomes and food insecurity...
BackgroundChildren are particularly vulnerable to the psychological and nutritional consequences of natural disasters such as earthquakes. Understanding the relationship between mental health outcomes and food insecurity is essential for effective post-disaster interventions.ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, and depressive symptoms among children exposed to the 2023 earthquake in Türkiye, and to examine their nutritional status and household food security.MethodsA multicenter, cross-sectional survey was conducted between March and August 2025 among 782 children aged 6-17 years from twelve earthquake-affected provinces. Participants were recruited using stratified cluster sampling from schools and community health centers. Psychological outcomes were assessed using validated instruments (CPSS, SCARED, CDI). Nutritional status was evaluated using anthropometric measurements, dietary diversity indicators, and standardized food security scales.ResultsOverall, 21.7% of participants met the CPSS cut-off for probable PTSD, with a higher prevalence among girls. Anxiety symptoms were identified in 25.8% and depressive symptoms in 21.4% of children. Nutritional assessment showed that 11.3% were underweight and 18.6% were overweight or obese. Additionally, 40.3% of households experienced food insecurity.ConclusionMental health problems and nutritional vulnerability frequently co-occur among children after earthquake exposure. Integrated interventions addressing both psychological well-being and food security are essential to support recovery in disaster-affected populations.
Cross-sectional associations between urinary caffeine metabolites and osteoarthritis prevalence in US adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009-2014.
Prakash PS, Xu S, Lu B
Nutr Health · 2026 Jun · PMID 42360074 · Publisher ↗
AimThis study aims to investigate the cross-sectional associations of caffeine-related metabolites with prevalent osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsThe study comprised 4583 US adults from 2009-2014 National Health and Nutrition...
AimThis study aims to investigate the cross-sectional associations of caffeine-related metabolites with prevalent osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsThe study comprised 4583 US adults from 2009-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, who had data on urinary caffeine-related metabolites and responded to the questions, "doctor ever said you had arthritis?" and "which type of arthritis was it?" Logistic regressions were used to examine the association between each metabolite and OA prevalence after considering the complex design and adjusting for age, sex, race, body mass index (BMI), household income, smoking status, and alcohol consumption. To assess the joint association of individual metabolites, a composite metabolomic score was constructed from principal component analysis.ResultsAmong the study sample, 653 adults were reported to have OA. The OA cases were more likely to be older, female, non-Hispanic White, never smokers, and have higher BMI. The majority of caffeine-related metabolites showed positive associations with prevalent OA in unadjusted models, but these associations were attenuated to null in multivariable-adjusted models. In further exploratory stratified analyses, higher levels of 3-methyluric acid, 7-methyluric acid, 3,7-dimethyluric acid, 3-methylxanthine, and 7-methylxanthine were associated with a higher prevalence of OA in women, but not in men. Similarly, a significant positive association was observed between the composite metabolomic score and OA in women but not in men.ConclusionIn this cross-sectional study, certain caffeine-related metabolites were positively associated with the prevalence of OA in women. Well-designed cohort studies are needed to investigate the association of caffeine consumption and related metabolites with OA risk.
Dietary management of functional bowel disorders in outpatient clinics: A retrospective audit.
Morley S, Utter J
Nutr Health · 2026 Jun · PMID 42360064 · Publisher ↗
BackgroundDietary interventions for managing functional bowel disorders are numerous and varied.AimTo describe service utilisation patterns and dietary care offered to patients with functional bowel disorders in an outpa...
BackgroundDietary interventions for managing functional bowel disorders are numerous and varied.AimTo describe service utilisation patterns and dietary care offered to patients with functional bowel disorders in an outpatient dietetics clinic.MethodsA retrospective clinical audit of adults (n = 30) with a functional bowel disorder. Patient characteristics, dietary interventions and service-related indicators were extracted from patient records.SummaryMost patients were female (93%) and aged under 35 years (67%). The wait time to see a dietitian was 4 months and patients were in the service for 20 months. All patients received dietary education, half received artificial nutrition, 40% were recommended supplements, and 30% advised on behavioural modifications. Only one patient was discharged due to the resolution of symptoms following dietetic involvement. This may have been due to the small sample size and focus on symptom resolution rather than a range of outcome measures such as quality of life. Novel interventions for this cohort are warranted.
Longitudinal association of malnutrition risk with intramuscular adipose tissue of the quadriceps in older inpatients.
Akazawa N, Funai K, Hino T … +3 more , Tamura W, Hioka A, Uchiyama Y
Nutr Health · 2026 Jun · PMID 42357970 · Publisher ↗
BackgroundIn older inpatients, a higher malnutrition risk (MR) at the time of post-acute hospital admission has been associated with increased intramuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) of the quadriceps. However, it remains un...
BackgroundIn older inpatients, a higher malnutrition risk (MR) at the time of post-acute hospital admission has been associated with increased intramuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) of the quadriceps. However, it remains unclear whether changes in MR during hospitalization are related to changes in IMAT in this population.AimThis study was to examine the longitudinal association of MR with IMAT of the quadriceps in older inpatients.MethodsOne hundred ninety-six older inpatients (aged ≥ 65 years) participated in this longitudinal study. The Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) score was used to evaluate MR. IMAT of the quadriceps was assessed based on echo intensity (EI). The changes in GNRI score and quadriceps EI were calculated by subtracting these baseline values from the values at discharge. Multiple linear regression analysis, adjusted for confounding factors, was used to determine whether the change in GNRI score was significantly related to the change in quadriceps EI.ResultsThe means of the changes in quadriceps EI and GNRI score were -2.5 ± 15.4 (a.u.) and -0.4 ± 6.0, respectively. The change in GNRI score (β = -0.16, = 0.015) was significantly and independently associated with the change in quadriceps EI.ConclusionThe results of this study indicate that an increase in MR in older inpatients is related to an increase in IMAT of the quadriceps, and an improvement in MR is associated with a decrease in IMAT of the quadriceps.
Precision Nutrition Using Continuous Glucose Monitors: Hype, Hope, and the Road Ahead.
Asghar W, Javed K, Khalid N
Nutr Health · 2026 Jun · PMID 42345347 · Publisher ↗
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
Nutrition knowledge, eating practices and barriers to healthy eating among university students in Pakistan.
Mussarat H, Tariq U, Bintay Anis Z … +1 more , Khalid N
Nutr Health · 2026 Jun · PMID 42339754 · Publisher ↗
BackgroundPoor dietary habits due to inappropriate nutritional knowledge are becoming a major contributor to the development of chronic diseases, and these habits usually develop in the university years.AimsThis study ai...
BackgroundPoor dietary habits due to inappropriate nutritional knowledge are becoming a major contributor to the development of chronic diseases, and these habits usually develop in the university years.AimsThis study aims to investigate the influence of nutritional knowledge on eating patterns and the barriers inhibiting the adoption of healthy eating practices among university students in Lahore, Pakistan.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among university students enrolled in various disciplines. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, eating practices, nutrition knowledge, and barriers to healthy eating were collected using a structured questionnaire validated through rigorous reviews by experts and pilot-tested to ensure its clarity, relevance, and reliability.ResultsOut of 397 students, about half reported consuming fast food (52.4%), snacks (66.2%), and sugary drinks (62.2%). Many students mentioned following a vegetarian (27.9%) and gluten-free diet (11.8%). There was a low consumption of fruits (10.1%) and vegetables (10.1%) daily. Most students demonstrated moderately healthy eating practices with moderate nutrition knowledge (75.8%), while a relatively small proportion (15.9%) practiced healthy eating with good nutrition knowledge. Nevertheless, barriers like lack of time (30%), less availability of healthy food on campus (61.2%), and high cost of healthy foods (75.8%) hindered the implementation of nutrition knowledge into practice.ConclusionThe results support that incorporating nutrition knowledge in health education campaigns for students will encourage healthy eating practices. However, to achieve meaningful outcomes, efforts should be made to address the behavioral and environmental barriers that hinder the translation of nutrition knowledge into actual practice.
Does dietary acid load affect muscle strength and physical performance in young adult women? A single-center experience.
Tel Adigüzel K, Atasoy S, Güler B … +1 more , Türk E
Nutr Health · 2026 Jun · PMID 42339753 · Publisher ↗
BackgroundMuscle strength is a key determinant of functional capacity and quality of life, influenced by various modifiable factors including nutrition. Emerging evidence suggests a potential link between dietary acid lo...
BackgroundMuscle strength is a key determinant of functional capacity and quality of life, influenced by various modifiable factors including nutrition. Emerging evidence suggests a potential link between dietary acid load and musculoskeletal health, but its relationship with muscle strength and performance, especially in young healthy individuals, has not been fully clarified.AimThis cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the relationship between dietary acid load, muscle strength, and physical performance in healthy young women.MethodsA total of 151 women aged 18-35 years were recruited through convenience sampling from a university campus, excluding those with chronic diseases, physical disabilities, regular exercise habits, or special diets. Handgrip strength was measured using a dynamometer, and functional performance was assessed with a 10-step stair test. A 24-h dietary record was used to calculate the potential renal acid load (PRAL).ResultsParticipants had a mean age of 22.5 ± 1.6 years. The average handgrip strength was 25.3 ± 4.8 kg, and the 10-step test times were 5.6 ± 0.9 s. The mean PRAL was 5.0 ± 14.1 mEq/day. There were no significant differences in handgrip strength or 10-step test results across PRAL tertiles ( > 0.05). While no significant correlation was found between PRAL and handgrip strength in the crude model ( = 0.115), a positive association appeared after adjusting for energy intake ( = 0.043). No significant correlation was found between PRAL and 10-step test results ( > 0.05).ConclusionA more acidic diet was positively associated with muscle strength, highlighting the potential impact of diet on muscle function.
A systematic review on clinical and laboratory effects of vitamin D deficiency in children with sickle cell disease.
Vilela TS, Fisberg M, Ferrari G … +1 more , Pellegrini Braga JA
Nutr Health · 2026 Jun · PMID 42339751 · Publisher ↗
BackgroundVitamin D deficiency is prevalent among pediatric patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) and may be associated with acute clinical complications. Despite its potential impact, the effects of this deficiency in...
BackgroundVitamin D deficiency is prevalent among pediatric patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) and may be associated with acute clinical complications. Despite its potential impact, the effects of this deficiency in this population are not fully understood.Aims/ObjectivesThis study aims to review the current literature on vitamin D deficiency in children with SCD, focusing on its clinical and laboratory outcomes, and to explore the potential benefits of vitamin D supplementation.Methods/MethodologyA systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Searches were performed across five databases-MEDLINE, LILACS, Cochrane, EMBASE, and Scientific Electronic Library Online. From an initial pool of 497 articles, 12 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final analysis.Results/FindingsThe review identified several clinical and laboratory outcomes associated with vitamin D deficiency in pediatric SCD patients. Vaso-occlusive crises were the most commonly reported clinical outcome, appearing in 25% of the studies. Similarly, hospitalizations were noted in a quarter of the reviewed articles. Laboratory findings most frequently included anemia and hemolysis.ConclusionVitamin D deficiency in pediatric sickle cell patients is linked to worse clinical and laboratory outcomes, including increased crises and hospitalizations. Supplementation may help, but evidence is insufficient; further studies are needed to guide recommendations.
The Turkish version of Body Dysmorphic Disorder Screener (BDDS-5): Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric evaluation.
Şarahman Kahraman C, Memiç İnan C, Çetiner Ö … +2 more , Artma E, Soylu M
Nutr Health · 2026 Jun · PMID 42339749 · Publisher ↗
BackgroundBody dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a psychiatric condition that is not widely recognized, despite being prevalent worldwide. It involves obsessions related to one's physical appearance, and there is no appropria...
BackgroundBody dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a psychiatric condition that is not widely recognized, despite being prevalent worldwide. It involves obsessions related to one's physical appearance, and there is no appropriate screening tool for it in Turkey.AimThe aim is to adapt the Body Dysmorphic Disorder Screener (BDDS-5) for use in a Turkish cultural context, enabling the practical assessment of BDD.MethodsThis methodological study collected data between January and April 2025. The sample consisted of 405 young adults aged 19-29. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed and examined using factor structure fit indices. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's α coefficient, and the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire-13 (EDE-Q-13) was employed to evaluate convergent validity.ResultsAccording to the CFA results, the single-factor structure of the Turkish version of the BDDS-5 has been confirmed, and Cronbach's α has been determined as 0.88. A weak to moderate correlation was found between the EDE-Q-13 total score, the subfactors "shape and weight over-evaluation" and "body dissatisfaction," and the BDDS-5 total score.ConclusionThe BDDS-5 is a valid and reliable measurement tool that can be used to screen BDD in young adults. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study in Turkey to adapt the BDDS-5 into Turkish, and the scale can serve as a valid and reliable guide for healthcare professionals and academic research.
Computed tomography-derived low muscle status and clinical outcomes after isolated coronary artery bypass grafting: A systematic review and meta-analysis with implications for perioperative nutrition risk stratification.
Zhou Z, Sun T, Zhao J … +2 more , Wang Y, Wu W
Nutr Health · 2026 Jun · PMID 42311069 · Publisher ↗
Background and aimsComputed tomography (CT)-derived measures of low muscle quantity and quality may indicate reduced physiologic reserve, but their prognostic value after isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) i...
Background and aimsComputed tomography (CT)-derived measures of low muscle quantity and quality may indicate reduced physiologic reserve, but their prognostic value after isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is uncertain. We conducted a PRISMA-guided systematic review and conservative meta-analysis of adjusted estimates to examine associations between preoperative CT-derived low muscle status and outcomes after isolated CABG.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane CENTRAL, and ClinicalTrials.gov from inception to December 23, 2025. Cohort studies of adults undergoing isolated CABG were eligible if they assessed preoperative low muscle status using CT (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry eligible) and reported mortality and/or postoperative complications. Overlapping cohorts were excluded. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis (restricted maximum likelihood) with the Hartung-Knapp-Sidik-Jonkman adjustment.ResultsFour independent cohorts ( = 3931) met inclusion criteria and used CT-based definitions spanning lumbar and thoracic muscle quantity/quality measures. Three cohorts ( = 3452) contributed adjusted estimates for long-term mortality. Across studies, the direction of association was unfavorable, but quantitative synthesis was exploratory and highly uncertain (pooled HR 2.71, 95% confidence interval 0.38-19.40; = 92.3%; approximate 95% prediction interval 0.47-15.6). Secondary outcomes were too heterogeneous for pooling and were summarized narratively.ConclusionsPreoperative CT-derived low muscle status may serve as a pragmatic vulnerability flag in isolated CABG when CT is already available, but current pooled evidence for long-term mortality remains exploratory, highly heterogeneous, and statistically imprecise. Standardized measurement, more comparable adjustment strategies, and harmonized outcome reporting are needed before broader clinical translation.
Examining the validity of Diet ID™ for measuring Healthy Eating Index.
Stott D, Bruneau M, Deutsch JM … +3 more , Nasser JA, Vitolins MZ, Milliron BJ
Nutr Health · 2026 Jun · PMID 42227870 · Publisher ↗
BackgroundDiet ID™ is a digital, image-based dietary assessment tool that uses pattern recognition and comparisons of meal images to estimate overall dietary intake and diet quality.ObjectiveTo examine the relative valid...
BackgroundDiet ID™ is a digital, image-based dietary assessment tool that uses pattern recognition and comparisons of meal images to estimate overall dietary intake and diet quality.ObjectiveTo examine the relative validity of Diet ID™ in measuring Healthy Eating Index-2020 (HEI-2020) total and component scores.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, participants completed Diet ID™ and the Diet History Questionnaire II, a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Spearman's rho correlations examined relative validity. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, cross-classification, and Bland-Altman plots assessed agreement.ResultsThe HEI-2020 total scores were moderately correlated ( = 0.46, < 0.001) and most components were weakly correlated ( = 0.12-0.34, < 0.05). There was poor agreement between the dietary assessment methods, as evidenced by significant differences in most scores ( < 0.001), fewer than half of the participants being classified into the same tertile, and Bland-Altman plots.ConclusionFurther work is needed to improve Diet ID™ to measure HEI-2020 total and component scores.
Feasibility and preliminary evaluation of a lacto-vegetarian diet combined with intermittent fasting in women with type 2 diabetes: A pilot randomized controlled trial.
Mahajan A, Muley A
Nutr Health · 2026 Jun · PMID 42227869 · Publisher ↗
BackgroundWomen living with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) often encounter unique physiological and lifestyle-related hurdles that impact disease progression and management. Dietary interventions tailored to cultural an...
BackgroundWomen living with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) often encounter unique physiological and lifestyle-related hurdles that impact disease progression and management. Dietary interventions tailored to cultural and gender-specific needs are essential for effective diabetes management.AimThis pilot trial primarily evaluated feasibility and safety and, secondarily, explored the preliminary metabolic effects and practical implementation of a lacto-vegetarian diet combined with intermittent fasting in Indian women with T2DM.MethodsIn this 12-week, parallel-group, open-label randomized controlled trial, 10 women with T2DM (aged 25-60 years) were randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio using block randomization to either an intervention group (lacto-vegetarian diet within a 10-h eating window) or a control group (usual diet). Glycemic, lipid, and anthropometric parameters were measured at baseline and after the intervention. Safety, tolerability, and participant-reported experiences were also assessed.ResultsExploratory within-group analyses in the intervention arm demonstrated reductions in glycated hemoglobin (-11.3%), fasting insulin (-47.4%), body weight (-3.96.0%), and body mass index (-3.98%) while the control group showed no meaningful changes. Lipid parameters showed no meaningful changes. No serious adverse events occurred; mild fatigue, hypoglycemia, and constipation were reported but resolved without intervention. Participants expressed improvements in energy, appetite control, and emotional well-being. No reductions in diabetes medication were reported, likely due to the short duration of the intervention.ConclusionThis pilot randomized controlled trial was feasible, safe, and well-tolerated and showed signals of potential metabolic benefit in women with T2DM. This pilot study is part of an ongoing clinical trial, and the complete results will be presented upon completion of the full trial.
The effect of sesame, canola, and sesame-canola oils on oxidative stress markers in patients with type 2 diabetes: A three-way randomized crossover clinical trial.
Moghtaderi F, Zimorovat A, Raeisi-Dehkordi H … +8 more , Amiri M, Sadeghi-Nodoushan F, Mahinizadeh F, Farashahi-Yazd E, Moradi A, Fallahzadeh H, Nadjarzadeh A, Salehi-Abargouei A
Nutr Health · 2026 May · PMID 42187294 · Publisher ↗
BackgroundOxidative stress plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of chronic diseases. Canola oil (CO) and sesame oil (SO), due to their antioxidant constituents, may differentially influence oxidative stress biomarke...
BackgroundOxidative stress plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of chronic diseases. Canola oil (CO) and sesame oil (SO), due to their antioxidant constituents, may differentially influence oxidative stress biomarkers.AimThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of substituting commonly used edible oils with three healthier alternatives, namely CO, SO, and sesame-canola oil (SCO) on oxidative stress biomarkers in individuals with type 2 diabetes in a randomized, three-way crossover clinical trial.MethodsParticipants with type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to three 9-week intervention phases during which they consumed SO, CO, or SCO. The intervention periods were separated by two 4-week washout periods. Oxidative stress markers, including malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and total oxidant status (TOS) were measured at baseline and at the end of each intervention period.ResultsA total of 92 participants completed all phases of the trial. After CO and SCO consumption, serum TAC was significantly decreased in the adjusted models ( < 0.05), while no significant effect of the treatment oils was indicated on other oxidative stress markers in all participants. Based on sex-stratified analyses, the significant reduction of SO and CO on MDA levels was observed only in women (< 0.05). Intervention oils were not different in their effect on oxidative stress markers in all participants as well as males and females.ConclusionsExcept for the significant reducing effect of CO on TAC, the studied oils did not have a significant effect on MDA and TOS in all participants.
Parents' perception of child's weight status, key to dietary habits' shaping: An epidemiological study.
Kokkou S, Kanellopoulou A, Antonogeorgos G … +5 more , Rojas-Gil AP, Kornilaki EN, Lagiou A, Panagiotakos D, Notara V
Nutr Health · 2026 May · PMID 42187247 · Publisher ↗
BackgroundDietary habits are one of the main factors in the prevention of chronic diseases, starting in childhood.AimThe present study investigated the possibility of an association between parents' perception of their c...
BackgroundDietary habits are one of the main factors in the prevention of chronic diseases, starting in childhood.AimThe present study investigated the possibility of an association between parents' perception of their children's body weight and their daily macronutrients and energy intakes.MethodsThe study sample consisted of 1073 parent-child pairs in Greece, with a mean age of the latter 11.18 ± 0.818 years. The body mass index of children was calculated using weight and height, and classified using the cut-off criteria established by the World Obesity Federation. Dietary habits were evaluated with the semi-quantitative validated food frequency questionnaire, containing 21 items. Parental body weight perception of children determined by a researcher-made questionnaire. After anthropometric assessment, children were classified into two categories (normal vs. overweight/obesity).ResultsTwo hundred sixty-two children (24.4%) were living with an increased body weight. However, only 52.3% of the parents stated that they were aware of the fact, with the remaining percentage considering the weight as normal. Linear regression analysis showed a statistically significant correlation only between the parents' perception and the children's protein and fat intake ( = 0.021 and 0.015, respectively), an association that remained after the inclusion of confounding factors ( = 0.016 and = 0.016, respectively).ConclusionParents' perceptions of their child's weight status appear to influence their child's dietary intake. Recognizing the existence of this relationship provides the impetus for reshaping children's diets and preventing childhood obesity.
Habitual creatine intake is associated with greater lean body mass and handgrip strength in the U.S. general population.
Ostojic SM, Candow DG, Ratgeber L … +2 more , Betlehem J, Acs P
Nutr Health · 2026 May · PMID 42187244 · Publisher ↗
BackgroundCreatine is a nitrogen-containing conditionally essential nutrient obtained primarily from animal-based foods and has been widely studied for its ergogenic benefits when used in combination with resistance trai...
BackgroundCreatine is a nitrogen-containing conditionally essential nutrient obtained primarily from animal-based foods and has been widely studied for its ergogenic benefits when used in combination with resistance training. However, its independent association with musculoskeletal health markers in the general population remains underexplored.ObjectiveTo examine the relationship between habitual dietary creatine intake and indicators of muscle mass and strength in a large, nationally representative sample of the U.S. population.MethodsWe analyzed data from 108,403 participants across the NHANES 1999-2023 cycles. Dietary creatine intake was estimated using 24-h dietary recalls. Total lean body mass (excluding bone mineral content) was available for 43,042 individuals, and combined grip strength data were available for 13,612 individuals. Multivariable linear regression models were used to examine associations between creatine intake and musculoskeletal health outcomes, adjusting for dietary, demographic, hormonal, and physical activity-related confounders.ResultsHigher dietary creatine intake was significantly associated with greater total lean body mass and handgrip strength ( < 0.01). Participants in the highest quartile of habitual creatine intake exhibited the most favorable musculoskeletal profiles. Each additional gram of dietary creatine intake was associated with a 2.66 kg increase in lean body mass and a 5.24 kg increase in handgrip strength. Moderate correlations were also observed between creatine intake and other body composition parameters, including bone mineral content and total body fat percentage.ConclusionsOur study suggests that higher dietary creatine intake is associated with favorable musculoskeletal outcomes, even after adjustment for physical activity, within a cross-sectional framework. These findings point to dietary creatine as a factor of interest in relation to musculoskeletal health, meriting further study. Further longitudinal and mechanistic research is needed to establish causality and better understand the underlying biological pathways.
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