Nutr Health [JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Comparison of mNutric score, NRS-2002 score, and SGA score with the gold standard GLIM criteria in the diagnosis of malnutrition.
Panchal M, Saseedharan S, Navade J … +1 more , Gada M
Nutr Health · 2025 Dec · PMID 40888565 · Publisher ↗
Malnutrition is a common problem in aging populations. Studies show that up to one-third of hospital patients are affected. Malnutrition is linked to various health concerns, including poor muscle function, decreased bon...
Malnutrition is a common problem in aging populations. Studies show that up to one-third of hospital patients are affected. Malnutrition is linked to various health concerns, including poor muscle function, decreased bone density, immunological dysfunction, cognitive decline, anemia, prolonged hospital admissions, and higher morbidity and mortality. This study compares the diagnostic performance of the Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS-2002) score, Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) score, and Nutrition Risk in the Critically Ill (modified Nutric score [mNutric]) score with the gold standard Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria in diagnosing malnutrition. The current study was conducted over the period of two months at S. L. Raheja Hospital and included 100 patients over the age of 18. Within the first 24 h after admission, malnutrition screening was performed using NRS-2002, SGA, and mNutric scores, with GLIM criteria as the reference. The GLIM criteria identified 41% of patients as malnourished, but SGA and NRS-2002 revealed 60% and 72%, respectively, and mNutric as 40%. Kappa coefficients demonstrated good agreement between GLIM and mNutric (k = 0.915), moderate agreement with NRS-2002 (k = 0.761), and reasonable agreement with SGA (k = 0.632). Sensitivity and specificity analyses revealed that GLIM has superior diagnostic accuracy. These findings support GLIM criteria as a global standard for malnutrition diagnosis, enhancing clinical outcomes through targeted nutritional interventions. The GLIM criteria demonstrated better agreement with the mNutric score compared to the other two tools. However, incorporating all available screening tools in clinical practice will enhance the early detection of malnutrition.
Corrigendum to "Nutritional Evaluation of Extra Virgin Olive Oil Extracted from Olive Cultivars Grown in Pothwar Region of Pakistan".
Nutr Health · 2025 Dec · PMID 40874545 · Publisher ↗
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Self-weighing and disordered eating among women: Exploring the moderating role of psychological resilience and self-compassion.
Türkcan T, Karakuş D, Temiz Y … +3 more , Çolak E, Bıçaksız P, Tekeş B
Nutr Health · 2026 May · PMID 40853647 · Publisher ↗
Self-weighing is a common practice among women, often associated with both adaptive and maladaptive eating behaviours, yet its psychological implications remain unclear. This study aims to examine the potential moderati...
Self-weighing is a common practice among women, often associated with both adaptive and maladaptive eating behaviours, yet its psychological implications remain unclear. This study aims to examine the potential moderating roles of psychological resilience and self-compassion in the relationship between self-weighing frequency and disordered eating behaviours among women. The study sample consisted of 372 women with a mean age of 29.27 ( = 7.24). The data were collected in Türkiye using convenience sampling methods. Cross-sectional data were collected using a self-report questionnaire, which included the Self-Compassion Scale, the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire, and the Connor-Davidson Psychological Resilience Scale, along with a single item to measure self-weighing frequency. Four distinct moderating effects between self-weighing frequency and cognitive restriction were found to be significant. The association of self-weighing frequency with cognitive restriction was significantly positive for those reporting low levels of tenacity and personal competence, psychological resilience, and self-compassion. At the same time, it was nonsignificant for those with high levels of tenacity and personal competence, psychological resilience, and self-compassion. The relationship between self-weighing frequency and cognitive restriction was significantly positive at both low and high levels of self-compassion, but this association was stronger for those with low self-compassion than for those with high self-compassion. These findings highlight the significance of considering psychological factors such as psychological resilience and self-compassion in understanding the relationship between self-weighing frequency and disordered eating behaviours. They suggest that these variables can modify the strength and direction of this relationship, emphasising the importance of addressing psychological resilience and self-compassion in interventions targeting disordered eating behaviours related to self-weighing frequency.
Global prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among patients with knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Iqhrammullah M, Wira JF, Nababan SP … +6 more , Oey ERC, Al-Gunaid ST, Buana AC, Gusti N, Habiburrahman M, Mulyana RM
Nutr Health · 2026 Jan · PMID 40842280 · Publisher ↗
Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels affect bone remodeling, contributing to the development and progression of knee osteoarthritis (OA). This meta-analysis aimed to estimate the prevalence of vitamin D defici...
Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels affect bone remodeling, contributing to the development and progression of knee osteoarthritis (OA). This meta-analysis aimed to estimate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in patients with knee OA. A systematic search was conducted in Europe PMC, Google Scholar, Scopus, Scilit, and Web of Science for studies published until 8 August 2024 that reported the prevalence and contributing factors of hypovitaminosis D in knee OA patients. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. A random-effect meta-analysis with Freeman-Tukey double arcsine transformation estimated the pooled prevalence of vitamin D deficiency. Out of 1695 records identified, 26 studies ( = 4248 patients) met the inclusion criteria. The pooled prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 56.72% (95% CI: 46.93-66.25). No significant difference was observed across publication periods of 2015-2019 ( = 0.465) and 2020-2024 ( = 0.407). Patients with an average body mass index (BMI) ≥28 kg/m² had a higher prevalence (65.62%, 95% CI: 49.23-80.32) compared to those with BMI <28 kg/m² (37.63%, 95% CI: 24.72-51.48). The prevalence was significantly higher in European countries (65.92%, 95% CI: 47.17-82.43) than in the USA ( = 0.046). In Asia, the Middle East, and North Africa, prevalences were 60.96% (95% CI: 42.32-78.08) and 63.11% (95% CI: 43.8-80.47), respectively. Over half of knee OA patients had vitamin D deficiency, with higher prevalence in Europe and among individuals with obesity. Targeted screening for 25(OH)D levels in knee OA patients is recommended.
Assessing the relationship between dietary factors and hair health: A systematic review.
Gomes N, Silva N, Teixeira B
Nutr Health · 2025 Aug · PMID 40836838 · Publisher ↗
BackgroundSpecific foods and nutrients have a significant importance in maintaining healthy hair, which is a crucial aspect of an individual's identity and self-esteem.AimTo identify, through a literature review, the ass...
BackgroundSpecific foods and nutrients have a significant importance in maintaining healthy hair, which is a crucial aspect of an individual's identity and self-esteem.AimTo identify, through a literature review, the association between the consumption of specific foods and/or nutrients and the health of the hair.MethodsThis review followed the PRISMA guidelines and was registered on the PROSPERO platform (registration number: CRD42024527250). The databases Medline (PubMed), Web of Science and Scopus were consulted between March and June 2024. The following inclusion criteria were considered: individuals aged ≥3 years old; the consumption/intake of specific foods/nutrients; and articles written in English and Portuguese. The search expression combined terms related to 'diet', 'nutrition' and 'hair health' ( = 1287 articles), where language filters and duplicate removal were applied.ResultsThe analysis of 17 studies involved 61332 participants, predominantly women (97%). Vitamin D stood out as the most studied nutrient (five studies), while alopecia and hair loss were the most studied hair health parameters (eight and five studies, respectively). Higher levels of vitamin D and iron were inversely related to alopecia. Conversely, a higher intake of alcoholic and sugary beverages was found to be positively correlated with hair loss.ConclusionDiet and nutrition play a crucial role in hair health, particularly vitamin D and iron supplementation, while limiting alcohol and soft drinks may be beneficial. Further research is needed to confirm these findings.
Iodine status in relation to iodized salt consumption by the adult population of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan.
Hussain A, Qazalbash MA, Hussain M … +3 more , Mary H, Shoukat MU, Mujaddad-Ur-Rehman M
Nutr Health · 2025 Aug · PMID 40836831 · Publisher ↗
Iodine is an essential micronutrient required by the human body. While about 80% of households in Pakistan reportedly use iodized salt, localized data, specifically from regions like Gilgit-Baltistan (GB) remain limited....
Iodine is an essential micronutrient required by the human body. While about 80% of households in Pakistan reportedly use iodized salt, localized data, specifically from regions like Gilgit-Baltistan (GB) remain limited. The area's geography and mineral-depleted soils may contribute to persistent iodine deficiency in the population. To evaluate the iodine status of young residents of GB. A total of 500 households were screened for iodized salt use. From these, 200 healthy adult participants (100 rural, 100 urban) were selected. Socio-demographic, anthropometric, and dietary data were collected. Spot urine samples were analyzed to determine urinary iodine concentration (UIC). Iodized salt use was universal in urban households and 91.6% in rural households. Significant differences were observed between rural and urban groups in family structure, household size, education level, and body mass index (p < 0.05), while other variables were not significant. Mean UIC did not differ significantly between groups (p > 0.05). Adequate iodine status was found in 50% of rural and 58% of urban participants. Among iodized salt users, 60.3% had adequate iodine levels. In contrast, 71.4% of non-iodized salt users showed moderate, and 19% severe, iodine deficiency. Despite high iodized salt coverage, nearly half of the participants exhibited iodine deficiency. Continued public health efforts are needed to strengthen iodized salt access and address residual deficiency, especially in rural areas.
Could leaf extract impact chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia? A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Mîrșu-Păun A
Nutr Health · 2025 Dec · PMID 40836827 · Publisher ↗
Chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia (CIT) impacts a significant number of patients undergoing oncological treatment. This study explored the usefulness of leaf extract (CPLE) in the context of CIT, including side eff...
Chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia (CIT) impacts a significant number of patients undergoing oncological treatment. This study explored the usefulness of leaf extract (CPLE) in the context of CIT, including side effect and optimal treatment dosage and duration. Systematic literature reviews were conducted on (a) studies of patients with solid tumors and CIT who received CPLE, and (b) animal studies focused on CPLE for CIT. Risk of bias was assessed and meta-analyses were conducted. In the meta-analysis of studies on oncological patients with CIT (total = 410, intervention = 205), the overall effect size for CPLE administration was 2.20, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.96-3.44, < 0.001. In the meta-analysis on animal models (total = 84, intervention = 42), two effect sizes were computed for two platelet measurements at different time intervals: 5.74, 95% CI: 0.32 = 11.16, < 0.001 and 7.13, 95% CI: 4.23-10.02, < 0.001, respectively. CPLE dosage varied between 580 and 3300 mg, with a mean of 1500 mg per day. No studies reported major side effects of CPLE administration. Despite heterogeneity and risk of bias concerns, the research literature available so far of both animal models and human participants suggests that CPLE might be an effective strategy for dealing with CIT. However, more rigorous research is still needed.
The prevalence of dietary supplement intake and its correlation factors among infants and preschool children in Taiwan.
Chang IC, Hsieh YC, Yen CE
Nutr Health · 2025 Aug · PMID 40836824 · Publisher ↗
BackgroundNutrition and health during infancy and early childhood are widely recognized as critical foundations for optimal development. In response, many parents choose to provide dietary supplements to their children i...
BackgroundNutrition and health during infancy and early childhood are widely recognized as critical foundations for optimal development. In response, many parents choose to provide dietary supplements to their children in an effort to support growth and prevent illness.ObjectivesThis study aimed to examine the prevalence of dietary supplement use among infants and preschool children, and to assess parental knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to supplement use.MethodsA random sample of 716 parents with infants and preschool-aged children enrolled in childcare institutions in Taichung City, Taiwan, was selected for participation. Parents who provided informed consent were asked to complete a structured questionnaire regarding dietary supplement consumption. The results revealed that 80% of infants and toddlers had consumed dietary supplements-specifically, 74% of infants and 84% of preschool-aged children.ResultsAmong children who consumed dietary supplements, over 70% were reported to be in generally good health, while the remainder had conditions such as allergies. The primary reasons for supplement use included enhancing immune function and reducing the frequency of common colds. Parental knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors toward dietary supplements were found to be at moderate to moderately high levels.ConclusionChildren whose parents used dietary supplements were more likely to consume them as well. The three most commonly used supplements among infants and preschoolers were probiotics, calcium powder or tablets, and goat milk tablets.
Dietary factors in infection control: A review of in vitro and in vivo data, including case-controls.
Boyanova LY, Markovska RD, Gergova RT … +1 more , Boyanova L
Nutr Health · 2026 Jan · PMID 40836822 · Publisher ↗
poses a major threat to human health, primarily due to its tumorigenic potential and ability to cause tissue damage. Because of its strong association with gastric cancer and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma,...
poses a major threat to human health, primarily due to its tumorigenic potential and ability to cause tissue damage. Because of its strong association with gastric cancer and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, is classified as a class I carcinogen. Its eradication has become a challenge due to increasing antibiotic resistance rates. This implies the need to investigate nutritional factors for their anti- effects. This study aimed to encompass data regarding anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-adhesive, anti-ulcer, anti-urease and anti-cancer properties of seven non-antibiotic agents against . We assessed articles in English using Science Direct, Scopus and Google Scholar, focusing mostly on recent publications. There are data pointing to the strong anti-adhesive action of cranberry, green tea and () spp. The anti-ulcer effect of green tea, and microalgae was demonstrated in rat models. Cranberry, microalgae, honey and curcumin inhibit the urease activity of Propolis, green tea and curcumin interfere with the nuclear factor kappa B signalling pathway, while the last two as well as spp. inhibit cyclooxygenase-2. There are in vivo clinical trials indicating that cranberry, , broccoli and curcumin can improve the success of eradication regimens, while honey showed a preventive effect. Additional trials are needed to determine the precise dose regimens and whether the natural or encapsulated product is more effective. Potential side effects and drug-drug interactions should be taken into account.
Evaluation of the Appetite and Food Satisfaction Questionnaire (AFSQ); a simple dietary tool to screen for peritoneal dialysis patients with reduced diary intake.
Davenport A
Nutr Health · 2025 Aug · PMID 40836796 · Publisher ↗
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients are at risk of malnutrition due to dietary restrictions and gastro-intestinal effects of dialysis. Evaluation of the Appetite and Food Satisfaction Questionnaire (AFSQ) which has been p...
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients are at risk of malnutrition due to dietary restrictions and gastro-intestinal effects of dialysis. Evaluation of the Appetite and Food Satisfaction Questionnaire (AFSQ) which has been proposed as a simple, rapid screening tool to detect PD patients with reduced appetite and food intake. The AFSQ, a simple six-question tool combining pictorial images with a Likert scale of 0 to 3 was used to assess dietary protein intake in PD patients, who had contemporaneous body composition measured with bioimpedance, and assessments of dietary protein intake and dialysis adequacy. AFSQs from 177 PD patients were reviewed, mean age 61.8 ± 15.2 years, 58.2% male, 46.9% diabetic, 36.2% white, median treatment 17 (14-30) months. The median AFSQ score was 5 (3-8), ranging from 0 to 17. Those with highest scores (≥7), had lower normalised dietary protein intake (nPNA) vs those with the lowest scores (0-3) (0.75 ± 0.17 vs 0.88 ± 0.26 g/kg/day), and lower 24-hour sodium removal (103 (48-111) vs 127 (81-168) mmol), < 0.05. On multi-variable testing higher AFSQ cores were associated with lower nPNA and soft lean mass index (standardised -0.19 and -0.18, = 0.031 and 0.036, respectively). Multi-ethnic PD patients were readily able to complete the simple 6 question AFSQ. Patients with the highest food dissatisfaction scores had lower estimates of dietary protein intake, sodium removal and lean tissue mass. Thus, the AFSQ may have a role as a simple rapid screening tool to highlight PD patients who would benefit from formal dietitian review, particularly in resource limited settings.
Enhancing nutrition education resources through the development and refinement of a checklist using the suitability assessment of materials (SAM).
Sage O, Wang F, DiAngelo C … +4 more , Marsden S, Faustini C, Grant S, Cohen TR
Nutr Health · 2026 Jan · PMID 40820296 · Full text
BackgroundEvidence-based nutrition education resources are one way to help registered dietitians (RDs) translate scientific knowledge to consumers.AimTo develop a checklist based on suitability assessment of materials (S...
BackgroundEvidence-based nutrition education resources are one way to help registered dietitians (RDs) translate scientific knowledge to consumers.AimTo develop a checklist based on suitability assessment of materials (SAM) and to assess its use to refine nutrition education resources.MethodsRDs were recruited online to assess two nutrition education resources using SAM. Three rounds of surveying and two rounds of resource refinements occurred. A "checklist" was created to refine the resources between rounds. Descriptive statistics and nonparametric tests were performed to explore differences in SAM-scores between rounds.ResultsRDs participated in the first ( = 45), second ( = 37), and third ( = 27) surveys. SAM-scores significantly improved in both resources by the third round. The refined checklist included more explicit instructions and provided examples to help guide resource changes.ConclusionsUsing the checklist improved SAM scores. Future work should include end-users to help with checklist validation.
Impact of cybersecurity awareness on bioinformatics applications.
AlShammary MH
Nutr Health · 2025 Aug · PMID 40808609 · Publisher ↗
Bioinformatics applications, which involve sensitive genomic data and require large-scale computational storage, are increasingly susceptible to cybersecurity risks, including data breaches, unauthorized access, and thre...
Bioinformatics applications, which involve sensitive genomic data and require large-scale computational storage, are increasingly susceptible to cybersecurity risks, including data breaches, unauthorized access, and threats to data integrity. Given the critical nature of these systems, understanding the role of cybersecurity awareness among professionals utilizing them is essential. Aim: This study investigates the influence of cybersecurity awareness on the utilization of bioinformatics applications among healthcare and IT professionals. It specifically aims to assess levels of cybersecurity knowledge, examine cybersecurity-related behavior, and identify risks associated with insufficient cybersecurity awareness in this domain. Participants were 457 healthcare and IT professionals-including physicians, pharmacists, nutritionists, software engineers, and data analysts-recruited from hospitals, research institutions, and technology companies across Saudi Arabia. Data were collected via an online survey over a four-week period in April-May 2024. The impact of cybersecurity awareness was evaluated using the Human Aspects of Information Security Questionnaire (HAIS-Q), which assesses knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to cybersecurity in the context of bioinformatics applications. Findings revealed significant gender differences in password management (males: mean = 3.66, females: mean = 2.94, < 0.0001). IT professionals showed higher awareness in password management (mean = 4.34, < 0.0001) and incident reporting (mean = 4.36, < 0.0001) compared to healthcare professionals. Participants aged 45-54 had the highest awareness in information handling (mean = 2.84, = 0.0029). Correlation analyses indicated stronger relationships between knowledge and behavior in IT professionals (mobile device use: = 0.314, < 0.01). The findings underscore the need to bridge the awareness-behavior gap through tailored cybersecurity training. Enhancing professional competence in this area is critical to mitigating risks within bioinformatics systems.
Indigenous milk promoted the immunomodulatory effect via altering inflammatory markers and metabolites.
Devi S, Kapila R, Kapila S
Nutr Health · 2026 May · PMID 40771002 · Publisher ↗
In the present study, breed wise (Indigenous, crossbred and exotic cows) difference for the development of tolerogenic immune system was investigated since it is not studied earlier . The present study is designed to fi...
In the present study, breed wise (Indigenous, crossbred and exotic cows) difference for the development of tolerogenic immune system was investigated since it is not studied earlier . The present study is designed to find the milk with tolerogenic properties along with best physiological effects as an alternative to mother's milk for human neonates. Haematological analysis, gut permeability testing by permeability testing, cardiac status, gene and protein level expression of inflammatory markers by ELISA was studied. A decrease in packed cell volume in Karan Swiss (KS), phagocytic activity in Sahiwal (SW), Gir (GIR) and Holstein Friesian (HF) and an increase in splenocyte proliferation in Tharparkar (TP) and HF group was found. Gut integrity was increased in SW, GIR, KS and HF group in 1 h study. A significant ( < 0.05) increase in serum HDL-cholesterol after milk treatment, but reduction in atherogenic index in Tharparkar (TP), GIR and HF group were observed. A significant ( < 0.05) increase in gut Defensin-1 in GIR and Karan Fries (KF), ZO-1 in GIR and Claudin-1 in KS was found. A tolerogenic immune response for inflammatory markers, TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-γ, MCP-1, IgG and IgA in SW group was also observed and hence, the SW milk appeared to promote a tolerogenic immune profile. Among different breeds, Sahiwal milk exhibited tolerogenic effect, analysed in terms of improvement in cardiac, metabolic and immunological health that may act as an alternative to the mother's milk in neonates, however, further human clinical studies are required.
Dual impact of Ashwagandha: Significant cortisol reduction but no effects on perceived stress - A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Albalawi AA
Nutr Health · 2025 Dec · PMID 40746175 · Publisher ↗
BackgroundThe global medicine market is projected to reach US$417 billion by 2033, reflecting rising demand for natural healthcare alternatives. Ashwagandha () is widely used in Ayurvedic medicine for stress management,...
BackgroundThe global medicine market is projected to reach US$417 billion by 2033, reflecting rising demand for natural healthcare alternatives. Ashwagandha () is widely used in Ayurvedic medicine for stress management, but evidence supporting its efficacy remains inconsistent.AimThis systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated Ashwagandha's impact on cortisol levels (a biological stress marker) and perceived stress via Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) scores across randomized controlled trials (RCTs).MethodPRISMA guidelines were followed. Four databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Google Scholar, and Scopus) were searched for studies from January 2012 to February 2024, yielding seven studies on cortisol and six on perceived stress ( = 488 participants). Inclusion criteria were RCTs longer than or equal to two weeks, oral doses ≥250 mg/day, and reporting cortisol and PSS outcomes. The Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool was used to assess the risk of bias.ResultsThere was a statistically significant reduction in cortisol levels (-1.16 µg/dL, 95% CI: -1.64 to -0.69, < 0.001). No significant impact was observed on perceived stress (SMD = -0.355, 95% CI: -1.188 to 0.47; = 0.40). Heterogeneity was moderate ( = 50.9%). However, no statistically significant impact was observed on perceived stress (SMD = -0.355, 95% CI: -1.188 to 0.47; -value = 0.40). The heterogeneity among studies was moderate ( = 50.9%). Risk of bias was generally moderate; most studies reported adequate randomization, but some lacked allocation concealment. No publication bias was detected.ConclusionFindings support Ashwagandha's role in lowering cortisol, but gaps remain regarding long-term safety, dosing, and effectiveness across diverse populations. The disconnect between cortisol and PSS outcomes highlights the need for longer treatment duration and broader demographic inclusion. Longitudinal research is recommended to validate Ashwagandha as a holistic stress management tool.
Benefit of polysaccharide supplementation in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A pre-post study.
Fan Y, Pu Y, Xu X … +1 more , Yang J
Nutr Health · 2026 May · PMID 40746172 · Publisher ↗
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by an abnormal accumulation of lipids in the liver tissue. This study aims to evaluate the potential therapeutic effect of oral polysaccharide (LBP) capsules in...
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by an abnormal accumulation of lipids in the liver tissue. This study aims to evaluate the potential therapeutic effect of oral polysaccharide (LBP) capsules in patients with NAFLD. A pre-post-intervention clinical trial involving 13 participants, aged 28-50 years, was conducted at a community health center. Participants underwent abdominal ultrasound and laboratory tests, including alanine aminotransferase level measurements. During the 12-week intervention period, participants received a daily oral LBP supplement capsule (300 mg). We collected blood and stool samples at baseline and postintervention, which were for 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolomics analysis. Postintervention, significant reductions ( < 0.05) were observed in gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), ALB, TP, and D-BIL levels. There were 125 upregulated and 65 downregulated metabolites. LBP supplementation increased Gemmiger abundance. Microbiota diversity, analyzed through 16S rRNA sequencing, showed altered phylum distribution in fecal samples, with PICRUSt2 indicating effects on linoleic acid metabolism. Changes in negative correlations between specific lipid metabolites, such as Her2Cer(d14:0_22:6), and enzyme activities like GGT, were also noted. polysaccharide intervention may enhance GGT, ALB, TP, and D-BIL levels, demonstrating beneficial effects on critical biochemical parameters in NAFLD patients. Correlation analysis showed LBP alters the relationship between specific lipid metabolites and enzyme activity, notably between GGT and Her2Cer(d14:0_22:6), laying groundwork for further research on LBP's impact on NAFLD. Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2000034740, and Institutional Ethics Committee of Ningxia Medical University, 2019-329.
Examination of three ketogenic diet plans: Congruency with the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) and consistency of the day-to-day HEI scores for a period of 1 week.
Preston AM
Nutr Health · 2025 Dec · PMID 40734566 · Publisher ↗
The consistency of the day-to-day scores of the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) for commercial ketogenic meal plans and if these scores are compliant with the Dietary Guidelines for Healthy Americans (DGA) have not yet been e...
The consistency of the day-to-day scores of the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) for commercial ketogenic meal plans and if these scores are compliant with the Dietary Guidelines for Healthy Americans (DGA) have not yet been evaluated. To make this determination. We have selected three commercial ketogenic meal plans: MP1, MP2 and MP3. Using scores calculated for the HEI during the period of 1 week each, we are able to determine day-to-day compliance of HEI scores to the DGA as well as consistency of HEI values throughout the week. The 7-day mean score of HEI for MP1 was 54.1 ± 2.6 and classified as "Some changes needed"; however, MP1 had a relatively consistent pattern of HEI scores. MP2 had a score of 44.3 ± 7.8 and classified as "Big changes needed" as well as an inconsistent pattern of HEI values. MP3 had a score of 53.3 ± 10.3, also classified as "Some changes needed" and an inconsistent pattern of HEI values. Commercial meal plans based on ketogenic metabolism will have HEI scores from a minimum in the 30s to a maximum, not exceeding 70. Depending upon the adherence of the manufacturer's recipes to the DGA, the day-to-day HEI scores will vary accordingly. These results suggest that if some or major changes are not taken, continuation would not be advisable for long-term use.
The differential impact of gaze direction on food evaluation.
Shibuya K, Miyamoto M
Nutr Health · 2025 Dec · PMID 40702964 · Publisher ↗
The influence of others' gaze on human behavior remains incompletely understood. However, it remains unclear whether direct gaze actively enhances evaluation. The primary aim of this study was to investigate whether dir...
The influence of others' gaze on human behavior remains incompletely understood. However, it remains unclear whether direct gaze actively enhances evaluation. The primary aim of this study was to investigate whether direct gaze increases the evaluation of food items. To address this gap, we conducted an experiment in which 29 Japanese participants (aged 19-22; 6 males) evaluated food images paired with facial images displaying either direct or averted gaze. Using a 9-point Likert scale, participants rated the attractiveness of 12 food items under each gaze condition. Statistical analysis via linear mixed models revealed that food was rated significantly higher when accompanied by direct gaze compared to averted gaze (Estimate = 0.303, = 0.008; 95% CI: 0.078-0.528). These findings support the hypothesis that direct gaze enhances positive evaluation, possibly through mechanisms such as reputation management, increased arousal, and social facilitation. Our results contribute to a growing body of literature on social influences in perception and suggest that subtle social cues can modulate sensory evaluations. Future research should incorporate dynamic or immersive stimuli, assess physiological responses, and explore cross-cultural differences to clarify the underlying mechanisms. These efforts will deepen our understanding of how gaze direction shapes food perception and may inform applications in marketing, health communication, and user experience design.
Vitamin D status and its association with diabetic complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A case-control study.
Chackochan A, Reghunath SR, Guddattu V … +5 more , Thunga G, Nagri SK, Shenoy RP, Shenoy VP, Acharya LD
Nutr Health · 2026 May · PMID 40702949 · Full text
Vitamin D deficiency remains as a significant public health challenge, even in sun-rich countries like India. Emerging evidence indicates that vitamin D plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of various chronic con...
Vitamin D deficiency remains as a significant public health challenge, even in sun-rich countries like India. Emerging evidence indicates that vitamin D plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of various chronic conditions, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Our study aims to examine the association between vitamin D deficiency and diabetic complications. This case-control study was conducted at a south Indian tertiary care facility between August 2023 and August 2024. The medical records of patients with T2DM admitted to the Department of Medicine between 2017 and 2022, with recorded vitamin D levels, were included. Patients with diabetic complications were enrolled as cases (n = 873), and those without any complications (n = 566) served as controls. The association between vitamin D deficiency and diabetic complications was determined using multivariate logistic regression, expressed as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using R version 4.4.1. Multivariate logistic regression indicated that vitamin D deficiency was significantly associated with the development of diabetic complications, specifically neuropathy (adjusted OR (AOR) = 4.09, 95% CI 2.34-7.63, p < 0.001), nephropathy (AOR = 5.23, 95% CI 2.72-10.85, p < 0.001), retinopathy (AOR = 2.52 95% CI 1.44-4.69, p < 0.001), ischaemic heart disease (IHD) (AOR = 2.19, 95% CI 1.33-3.76, p = 0.003) and diabetic foot disease (DFD) (AOR = 2.66, 95% CI 1.34-5.91, p = 0.008). Vitamin D levels were significantly associated with factors affecting sun exposure, such as gender (p = 0.005), place of residence (p < 0.001) and type of occupation (p = 0.006). Vitamin D deficiency was found to be independently associated with neuropathy, nephropathy, retinopathy, IHD and DFD, indicating its possible involvement in the pathophysiology of these diabetic complications.
"First Bite": An intervention to increase children's vegetable consumption in Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) services in areas of high socioeconomic disadvantage - a cluster randomized controlled trial protocol.
Duncan S, Hammersley M, Norman J … +6 more , Ryan ST, Davies E, Cook RJ, Nour M, Attallah L, Kelly B
Nutr Health · 2025 Dec · PMID 40697151 · Full text
BackgroundOnly 2% of 4-8-year-old Australian children consume the daily recommended vegetable serves, with implications on the development of lifelong dietary behaviors. Evidence suggests that enhancing children's access...
BackgroundOnly 2% of 4-8-year-old Australian children consume the daily recommended vegetable serves, with implications on the development of lifelong dietary behaviors. Evidence suggests that enhancing children's access, exposure and familiarity with vegetables can help increase their vegetable intake. Most children attend Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) services, which are well placed to increase vegetable consumption through curriculum change, play-based learning and parental education.AimWe aim to determine the efficacy of the 'First Bite-Get it Right' (First Bite) intervention to improve the vegetable intake of 3-5-year-old children in ECEC services compared to a control group.MethodThis 8-week cluster-randomized controlled trial involves ECEC services (n = 30) and children (n∼300) from socioeconomically disadvantaged areas in two local health districts in New South Wales, Australia and includes an intervention and wait-list control group. The First Bite program comprises: 1) Educator professional development; 2) Child daily "Veggie Break"; 3) Child experiential learning activities; and 4) Parent resources. Baseline and post-intervention measures include skin carotenoid scanning, vegetable serves plate waste, lunch box audits, child-reported vegetable preferences, and child parent-reported vegetable intake. Group-by-time interactions will be analyzed by linear mixed model regression, accounting for ECEC clustering.SummaryThis study will evaluate whether a comprehensive ECEC-based intervention can improve children's vegetable consumption in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas. The findings will inform recommendations for ECEC policies, educator training programs, and parent engagement strategies to promote healthy eating in early childhood.Trial registrationAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN: 12624000249550 (Date: 14/03/2024). https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=387095.
Glutamine: A misunderstood amino acid with therapeutic potential.
McMullen MK
Nutr Health · 2025 Dec · PMID 40641188 · Publisher ↗
Glutamine is an amino acid with trophic activity in the small intestine. The small intestine derives exogenous glutamine from foods and endogenous glutamine from arterial blood. Glutamine is vital for the rapidly prolife...
Glutamine is an amino acid with trophic activity in the small intestine. The small intestine derives exogenous glutamine from foods and endogenous glutamine from arterial blood. Glutamine is vital for the rapidly proliferating enterocytes lining the intestinal mucosa and promotes the expression of proteins in the tight junctions, strengthening the barrier function and reducing gut permeability. With excessive physical activity, malnutrition, acute and chronic illnesses, sarcopenia or prolonged fasting, plasma levels drop. When glutamine is depleted, the small intestine atrophies causing increased gut permeability and bacterial dislocation. The use of intravenous glutamine is well established in critical medicine, by increasing depressed glutamine plasma levels intestinal atrophy is averted. Therefore, glutamine is classified as a conditionally essential amino acid. To calculate the amounts of glutamine derived from both food and endogenous processes and to establish a suitable dosage for oral supplementation. The contribution of dietary amino acids and endogenous glutamine was assessed and compared. The pharmacokinetics of glutamine supplementation was reviewed. Approximately 88% of the glutamine metabolised daily is endogenously produced. Almost half of this comes from muscle protein breakdown. Studies with supplemental free-form glutamine for treating intestinal permeability, at doses based on dietary intake, have not yielded positive results, whereas doses of 30 g glutamine, similar to daily amount metabolised by the enterocytes yielded positive results. Clinical doses of free-form glutamine for intestinal disorders should be akin to the daily amount of glutamine metabolised by the small intestine rather than the daily dietary intake.
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