Psychiatry Res [JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Impulsivity, reward sensitivity, and dopamine 2/3 receptors availability in people with cocaine use disorder: A [C]PHNO PET study.
Mayeli M, Worhunsky P, Carson RE … +3 more , Potenza MN, Angarita GA, Matuskey D
Psychiatry Res · 2026 May · PMID 42229023 · Publisher ↗
Impulsivity and altered reward sensitivity are core features of cocaine use disorder (CUD). The Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) and the Behavioral Inhibition System/Activation System (BIS/BAS) capture individual dif...
Impulsivity and altered reward sensitivity are core features of cocaine use disorder (CUD). The Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) and the Behavioral Inhibition System/Activation System (BIS/BAS) capture individual differences in impulsive tendencies and reward responsiveness and may provide insight into addictive disorders. Although dopaminergic dysfunction is a hallmark of CUD, how dopamine D receptor availability relates to impulsivity and motivational traits remains incompletely understood. We compared impulsivity, appetitive, and aversive measures between individuals with CUD (n = 15) and healthy controls (HC; n = 14). Dopamine D receptor availability was quantified using the non-displaceable binding potential (BP) of [¹¹C]PHNO across specific regions. Group differences in psychometric measures and associations between BIS-11 and BIS/BAS subscales and regional BP were examined, and group × BP interaction models were used to test differences in dopamine-behavior relationships. CUD individuals exhibited significantly higher impulsivity across all domains (all FDR-p ≤ 0.03). In the HC group, appetitive and aversive motive scores were significantly associated with BP across multiple regions, including the putamen, pallidum, ventral striatum, caudate, amygdala, and thalamus. These associations were absent in CUD. Significant group × BP interactions revealed differences in dopamine-impulsivity coupling in the amygdala, pallidum, and putamen. We concluded that CUD is characterized by elevated impulsivity and a disruption of the normative coupling between dopamine D receptor availability and impulsivity-related features. These findings suggest that impulsivity in CUD reflects not only heightened behavioral tendencies but also altered dopaminergic regulation, suggesting dopamine-behavior decoupling as a potential neurobiological marker in CUD.
Developmental shift in the functional role of mind-wandering: A large-scale study on adaptive resources against depression in psychiatric outpatients.
Ogata H, Saima S, Seki M … +2 more , Nakane E, Ihara H
Psychiatry Res · 2026 May · PMID 42229022 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: Mind-wandering (MW) is a transdiagnostic process, yet its functional evolution across the lifespan remains poorly understood. This study investigated developmental differences in how spontaneous (MW-S) and delib...
PURPOSE: Mind-wandering (MW) is a transdiagnostic process, yet its functional evolution across the lifespan remains poorly understood. This study investigated developmental differences in how spontaneous (MW-S) and deliberate (MW-D) mind-wandering relate to depressive symptoms, specifically whether MW-D emerges as a potential protective factor in adulthood. METHODS: We analyzed data from 1,079 psychiatric outpatients (732 adolescents; 347 adults). Assessments included the Autism-Spectrum Quotient, MW-S/MW-D scales, and the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (excluding the suicidal ideation item). Hierarchical multiple regression (controlling for diagnosis) and ANOVA were employed to examine the interplay between age and MW dimensions. RESULTS: While MW-S consistently associated with higher depressive symptoms, a notable developmental shift was observed for MW-D. In adolescents, MW-D showed no significant association with depression (p = .326). Conversely, for adults, MW-D emerged as a marginal negative predictor (β = -0.095, p = .078). A significant age-by-diagnosis interaction revealed that individuals with ASD traits exhibited a unique increase in MW-D during the transition to adulthood, a trajectory not found in non-neurodevelopmental groups. CONCLUSION: The role of intentional reflection (MW-D) evolves from a non-specific trait in youth to a potential protective resource in adulthood. For adult outpatients, particularly those with neurodevelopmental traits, deliberate thought may function as an adaptive resource to mitigate distress. Clinical interventions should move toward fostering adaptive, intentional thought processes.
Changes in susceptibility to heat on suicide mortality within summer in Japan, 1973-2020: A two-stage time-series analysis.
Misawa N, Park J, Hashizume M … +1 more , Kim Y
Psychiatry Res · 2026 Sep · PMID 42217405 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: We examined the changes in the risk of heat-associated suicide during the summer in Japan from 1973 to 2020. METHODS: A two-stage time-series analysis was conducted separately for daily maximum, mean, and minimu...
PURPOSE: We examined the changes in the risk of heat-associated suicide during the summer in Japan from 1973 to 2020. METHODS: A two-stage time-series analysis was conducted separately for daily maximum, mean, and minimum temperatures to examine the association between heat and suicide. In the first stage, we performed prefecture-specific analyses using a distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) to estimate the exposure-lag-response association between temperature and suicide mortality and its within-summer variation. In the second stage, we used multivariate meta-regression to combine temperature-suicide associations across 47 prefectures and estimated the relative risks (RRs) for the 90th percentile of temperature compared with the minimum value. RESULTS: A total of 383,115 suicides were included. The RRs of suicide for maximum, mean, and minimum temperatures were 1.23 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.14-1.31), 1.18 (95% CI 1.10-1.27), and 1.10 (95% CI 1.03-1.17), respectively. When comparing early and late summer, the RRs for maximum temperatures did not differ between the two periods (RR = 1.24 [95% CI = 1.15-1.33] and RR = 1.24 [95% CI = 1.09-1.39], respectively). However, the RR for minimum temperatures was higher in early summer (RR = 1.14 [95% CI = 1.07-1.22]) and lower in late summer (RR = 1.05 [95% CI = 0.94-1.17]). CONCLUSIONS: We found a modest late-summer decline in susceptibility to heat-associated suicide from minimum temperatures, suggesting adaptation to nighttime heat, whereas the risk associated with maximum temperatures, reflecting daytime heat, remained stable across summer.
Efficacy and safety of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in post-stroke depression: A fNIRS pilot study.
Fan Y, Zhong Y, Yu A … +9 more , Jiang X, Zhao H, Wang Y, Yao X, Huang A, Liu Y, Pu J, Bai D, Yang L
Psychiatry Res · 2026 Sep · PMID 42217404 · Publisher ↗
AIMS: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (LF-rTMS) on the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in patients with post-stroke depression (PSD), and to...
AIMS: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (LF-rTMS) on the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in patients with post-stroke depression (PSD), and to explore the possible neural mechanism of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). METHODS: 28 patients were randomly assigned to the rTMS group (n = 14) and control group (n = 14). The treatment effect was assessed by the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), and Barthel Index (BI). In addition, fNIRS was used to detect changes in blood oxygen concentration in the frontal cortex. RESULTS: After treatment, HAMD scores in the rTMS group decreased significantly more than those in the control group (p < 0.05). Oxyhemoglobin (HbO) in CH17 increased and deoxyhemoglobin (HbR) in CH6 decreased after rTMS (p < 0.05). HbR in CH6 and CH8 decreased significantly, while HbR in CH12 and CH15 increased significantly (p < 0.05). The rTMS group also showed significantly greater improvements in HAMA, NIHSS, and Barthel Index scores (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The findings from this pilot study suggest that LF-rTMS on the right DLPFC combined with conventional treatment may be a safe approach to alleviate depressive symptoms in patients with PSD. Furthermore, fNIRS revealed that the mechanism of action may be related to improving left-right brain tissue blood flow and activation balance.
Functional recovery trajectories in cannabis-induced first-episode psychosis: The role of dissociative symptoms in the discrepancy between symptomatic improvement and functional outcomes.
Ricci V, Paggi A, Martinotti G … +1 more , Maina G
Psychiatry Res · 2026 Sep · PMID 42217403 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Functional recovery in cannabis-induced first-episode psychosis (FEP) remains incompletely understood. Dissociative symptoms, frequently associated with cannabis use, may represent a key but underexplored det...
BACKGROUND: Functional recovery in cannabis-induced first-episode psychosis (FEP) remains incompletely understood. Dissociative symptoms, frequently associated with cannabis use, may represent a key but underexplored determinant of functional trajectories. METHODS: This prospective cohort study followed 72 patients meeting DSM-5 criteria for cannabis-induced psychotic disorder over 24 months. Functional recovery trajectories were identified using growth mixture modeling (GMM) of GAF scores. Mediation analyses examined whether dissociation (DES) mediates the relationship between continued cannabis use and functional outcomes. RESULTS: GMM identified three trajectories: Rapid Recovery (34.7%, n = 25; GAF +29.1 points), Gradual Recovery (40.3%, n = 29; GAF +15.7 points), and Persistent Impairment (25.0%, n = 18; GAF +4.7 points). These trajectory findings should be considered exploratory given the modest sample size. Symptom-function discrepancy was observed in 31.9% of patients, characterized by significant PANSS reduction without functional gains and elevated baseline dissociation (DES=33.8 vs. 18.1, p < 0.001). Baseline dissociation independently predicted trajectory membership (OR=3.24 per SD, p < 0.001), with depersonalization/derealization showing the strongest associations. Dissociation mediated 35% of cannabis's effect on functional outcomes (β=-0.15, 95%CI [-0.25,-0.06]); combined with depression and hopelessness, psychological mediators accounted for 76% of total effect. A high-risk subgroup (elevated dissociation, depression, continued cannabis use; 22%) showed minimal improvement despite treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Dissociative symptoms represent powerful independent predictors of functional recovery in cannabis-induced FEP, partially independent of psychotic symptom resolution. Routine dissociation assessment and targeted interventions alongside cannabis cessation may optimize functional outcomes in this population.
Serum fibroblast growth factor-2 and fibroblast growth factor-9 levels in bipolar disorder: Potential biomarkers for mood episodes.
Keskin B, Erdoğan A, Küçükçetin İÖ … +6 more , Cinemre B, Metin Ö, Karabulut S, Akbaş SH, Kulaksızoğlu B, Gülkesen KH
Psychiatry Res · 2026 Sep · PMID 42217402 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to compare serum levels of Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 (FGF-2) and Fibroblast Growth Factor-9 (FGF-9) between patients with Bipolar Disorder (BD) and healthy controls (HC), and to eva...
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to compare serum levels of Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 (FGF-2) and Fibroblast Growth Factor-9 (FGF-9) between patients with Bipolar Disorder (BD) and healthy controls (HC), and to evaluate whether these molecules could serve as potential biomarkers for mood episodes (manic/depressive). METHODS: A total of 121 patients diagnosed with BD according to DSM-5 criteria (47 euthymic, 37 manic, 37 depressive) and 67 healthy controls were included. Peripheral venous blood samples were obtained from all participants after 8-12 h of fasting to measure serum FGF-2 and FGF-9 levels. RESULTS: FGF-2 levels were significantly lower in the BD episode (manic+depressive) group compared to both the euthymic BD and healthy control groups, while no significant difference was found between the euthymic BD and control groups. FGF-9 levels were significantly lower in the episode group compared to the euthymic group, though the difference from healthy controls was not significant. FGF-2 and FGF-9 levels were similar between manic and depressive patients. Based on ROC curve analysis, the cut-off point for FGF-2 was ≤43.10 pg/mL (sensitivity 79.7%, specificity 44.7%, AUC = 0.681), and for FGF-9 was ≤60.50 pg/mL (sensitivity 85.1%, specificity 48.9%, AUC = 0.653). CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that FGF-2 and FGF-9 may be associated with mood episode status in BD. Given the observed cut-off values and modest discriminative performance, these molecules may represent preliminary biomarker candidates, although further longitudinal validation is required.
The proportion of intellectual disability in autism spectrum disorder over two decades.
Salkić A, Tideman M, Martini MI … +10 more , Larsson H, Lichtenstein P, Chang Z, D'Onofrio B, Brikell I, Kuja-Halkola R, Knez R, Gillberg C, Taylor MJ, Lundström S
Psychiatry Res · 2026 Sep · PMID 42214315 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: The registered prevalence of autism has increased substantially over the past two decades, potentially impacting the co-occurrence of diagnosed intellectual disability (ID) in autism. Thus, the aim of this st...
BACKGROUND: The registered prevalence of autism has increased substantially over the past two decades, potentially impacting the co-occurrence of diagnosed intellectual disability (ID) in autism. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the proportion of ID in individuals with autism over two decades (2001-2020). METHODS: Data for this study was retrieved for individuals born between 1988-2016 from Swedish population based national registers. A total of 3,045,819 individuals were eligible for inclusion in the current study, out of whom 81,286 had autism assigned 2001-2020. The annual proportion of ID in autism was calculated across year of autism diagnosis and the Cochrane Armitage trend tests were conducted. RESULTS: From 2001-2020 the prevalence of autism increased by 800%. Among those with autism, 13,403 also had an ID diagnosis, resulting in an overall proportion of ID in autism of 16.5%. The proportion of ID in autism decreased from 55.8% in 2001 to 6.7% in 2020, with a comparable decrease in females and males. A similar trend was discerned when limiting the sample to those diagnosed with autism before age 13 and 7 years. DISCUSSION: The results of this study indicate less congruity between the autism phenotype observed today and earlier conceptualizations of autism, which often included intellectual disability (ID). The findings suggest that changes in diagnostic criteria during this period contributed to a broadening of the ways in which individuals could meet criteria for autism, encompassing a wider range of cognitive abilities.
Auditory verbal hallucination and suicide: a systematic review.
Lu S, Chan SKW, Hui CLM
Psychiatry Res · 2026 Sep · PMID 42202618 · Publisher ↗
Auditory verbal hallucination (AVH), hearing one or more voices in the absence of a speaker, is among the most prevalent psychotic symptoms across clinical populations. While AVH is generally reported to be associated wi...
Auditory verbal hallucination (AVH), hearing one or more voices in the absence of a speaker, is among the most prevalent psychotic symptoms across clinical populations. While AVH is generally reported to be associated with poor clinical outcomes, the association between AVH-specific variables and distinct suicidality dimensions is not clear. This systematic review addresses these gaps by synthesising evidence on the association between AVH and distinct suicidality dimensions that extends beyond diagnostic boundaries. A literature search was performed in the databases PubMed, PsycINFO, and Embase to identify the relevant journal articles until the final search on December 16, 2024. Among the 1981 screened articles, 29 met the inclusion criteria for this systematic review. The majority of studies consistently indicated significant associations between AVH and suicidal ideation, attempt, non-suicidal self-injury, and others. However, the role of AVH in the transition from suicide ideation to suicide attempt remains inconclusive. Moreover, the factor that was consistently associated with suicidality appears to be the individual's appraisal of the voices, rather than the voices themselves. These findings suggest that evaluating cognitive appraisals and emotional element associated with AVH may be relevant in clinical setting when assessing suicide risk. Also, innovative interventions that directly target voice-related appraisals and distress could be explored. Future research may look into the characteristics and dimensions of AVH, as well as other particular psychotic symptoms, in relation to the ideation-to-action transition across different populations. This could help further inform the interventions to reduce the risk of suicidal behaviors and suicide.
Pharmacological, psychosocial, and brain stimulation interventions in oncologic populations with mental disorders: An umbrella review.
Fornaro M, Di Lorenzo C, De Berardis D … +6 more , Stubbs B, Veronese N, Calati R, Primavera D, Carta MG, Solmi M
Psychiatry Res · 2026 Sep · PMID 42184575 · Publisher ↗
Mental health disorders frequently co-occur with oncological conditions, prompting an umbrella review(UR) to summarize meta-analytic evidence about the outcomes of pharmacological, psychosocial, and brain-stimulation int...
Mental health disorders frequently co-occur with oncological conditions, prompting an umbrella review(UR) to summarize meta-analytic evidence about the outcomes of pharmacological, psychosocial, and brain-stimulation interventions for psychiatric disorders in oncologic populations. We performed an UR of meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials(RCTs) documenting the efficacy of interventions for mental disorders in people with cancer(November 2, 2025). Re-calculated meta-analytic estimates employed the GRADE criteria for credibility. The AMSTAR-Plus Content Score was used to assess the quality of the meta-analyses. Overall, 82 meta-analyses(Number of records=111,331; primary studies=1,659) yielding 113 meta-analytic estimates were included. Five of 113 estimates were assigned a low level of certainty, and 108/113 were assigned a very low GRADE. Major depressive(55/113=48.67%) and any anxiety disorders(43/113=38.05%) emerged as the most frequently studied mental health diseases among the oncologic population. Mindfulness-based-stress-reduction for anxiety disorders in lung cancer was the only intervention significantly outperforming standard treatment(Hedges'g=-1.46; 95%C.I.=-1.89;-1.04), whereas psychotherapy for women with breast cancer who underwent surgery was inferior to waiting list(in 80% of studies) in the treatment of anxiety due to women's body image post-mastectomy(G=0.33; 95%C.I.=0.14; 0.52), with relatively higher credibility compared to other outcomes. Meta-regression suggested that psychotherapies might benefit females more than men, and that age might differentially moderate larger and smaller effects of psychotherapies in advanced cancer and any cancer, respectively. While MBSR shows relatively higher-level evidence for anxiety disorders in the oncological population, the level of evidence is low, underscoring the need for further research on alternative treatment modalities. CBT should be part of anxiety management following mastectomy.
PyramidPat explainable feature engineering for multiclass electroencephalography psychiatric disorders: Explainable feature engineering and classification.
Tasci G, Kaya S, Tasci I … +5 more , Baygin M, Yildirim K, Tasci B, Dogan S, Tuncer T
Psychiatry Res · 2026 Sep · PMID 42176366 · Publisher ↗
Deep learning has dominated modern machine learning, and feature engineering has often been neglected. Many studies still focus mainly on accuracy. Therefore, explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) methods remain limi...
Deep learning has dominated modern machine learning, and feature engineering has often been neglected. Many studies still focus mainly on accuracy. Therefore, explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) methods remain limited. In this research, a new explainable feature engineering (XFE) architecture, named PyramidPat XFE, is introduced. The core component is PyramidPat, a transformation-based feature extractor for multichannel signals. The pipeline has four stages: (1) PyramidPat feature extraction, (2) feature selection with INCA, (3) classification with tkNN (an iterative ensemble kNN), and (4) DLob-based explanation, which converts selected feature identities into lobe- and channel-based sentences. The evaluation is performed on a six-class EEG psychiatric disorder dataset with seven defined test cases. With leave-one-subject-out (LOSO) cross-validation, the proposed model achieves accuracy above 93% in all cases and produces interpretable results for every case. These outcomes indicate that PyramidPat XFE is effective for EEG-based psychiatric disorder classification and for generating compact XAI outputs from EEG signals.
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) as an additional treatment to cognitive behavior group therapy in adults with tobacco dependence - a double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled pilot trial.
Goerigk S, Burkhardt G, Padberg F … +11 more , Zeren A, Ludwig H, Rabenstein A, Kröger C, Vragolic S, Palm U, Pogarell O, Keeser D, Brunoni AR, Hasan A, Rüther T
Psychiatry Res · 2026 Sep · PMID 42166859 · Publisher ↗
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) targeting the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) has been proposed as a safe, accessible intervention for tobacco dependence. However, existing evidence is mixed and pri...
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) targeting the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) has been proposed as a safe, accessible intervention for tobacco dependence. However, existing evidence is mixed and primarily limited to short-term outcomes. This study investigated the efficacy and safety of prefrontal tDCS as an adjunct to standardized cognitive behavioral group therapy (CBT) for tobacco dependence. In this double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled pilot trial conducted in Germany, adults with tobacco dependence defined by an Fagerström Test of Nicotine Dependence score >4 and CO levels >10 ppm were randomized to receive either active or sham tDCS alongside standardized group CBT. Participants underwent seven tDCS sessions followed by CBT over seven weeks. Active stimulation was delivered at 2 mA for 30 minutes over the left DLPFC (anode) and right supraorbital region (cathode). The primary outcome was abstinence at 6-month follow-up, analyzed in the modified intention-to-treat population. Of 190 individuals assessed for eligibility between July 2012 and November 2013, 54 were randomized (27 active, 27 sham), and 49 were included in the final analysis (23 male, 26 female; mean age 50.7 years, SD 12.3). At 6 months, the probability of abstinence was significantly higher in the active tDCS group (OR = 1.66, 95% CI = 1.02 to 2.70), with 50% abstinent vs. 26% in the sham group. No serious adverse events were reported. This pilot trial provides initial evidence supporting the safety and efficacy of combining prefrontal tDCS with group CBT for smoking cessation. Further research should explore mechanisms and long-term outcomes. Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01729507.
Short-term development of neurocognition in early-stage schizophrenia with predominant negative symptoms.
Yang Y, Zhu Y, Wu R … +2 more , Jiang F, Cao D
Psychiatry Res · 2026 Sep · PMID 42161032 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: In order to explore the short-term neurocognitive development of early-stage patients with negative symptom-dominant (NSD) schizophrenia. METHODS: This large-scale longitudinal follow-up study of patients wit...
BACKGROUND: In order to explore the short-term neurocognitive development of early-stage patients with negative symptom-dominant (NSD) schizophrenia. METHODS: This large-scale longitudinal follow-up study of patients with early-stage schizophrenia were recruited from the Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University. Neurocognition was assessed using the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) in schizophrenia at baseline and 8-week follow-up. Symptom profiles were determined using the Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale (PANSS), and NSD was defined as those PANSS Negative Subscale Score ≥24, while the remaining subjects are defined as non-negative symptom-dominant (N-NSD). RESULTS: All dimensions of cognitive function were significantly lower in the NSD than in the N-NSD group at baseline (All P < 0.05). After 8 weeks of follow-up, patients in NSD group showed no significant differences from the N-NSD group in any dimension of neurocognition, except for social cognition, N-NSD group still showed superior cognitive performance compared to NSD group(F = 4.906; P = 0.028; Cohen's d = 0.026). Correlation analysis shows cognitive impairment was positively associated with the severity of negative symptoms over time (All P < 0.05). The changes of PANSS scores and several neurocognitive domains differ significantly among different antipsychotic medications. CONCLUSION: Our results reveal a distinct clinical subtype in patients with schizophrenia defined by prominent negative symptoms and cognitive deficits; however, this group does not exhibit a unique trajectory in short-term neurocognitive development. Which could advance our understanding of the relationship between cognition and clinical characteristics, and provides guidance for personalized intervention strategies.
The differential effects of stigma on mental health service use by age groups: A comparison study based on Korean nationwide survey 2011 and 2021.
Kang B, Hahm BJ, Seong SJ … +11 more , Seo HY, Kim BS, Chang SM, Hong JP, Kim HJ, Park D, Lee H, Kwak JH, Ryu H, Kim J, Park JE
Psychiatry Res · 2026 Sep · PMID 42155352 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: Although the prevalence of mental disorders in Korea is comparable to that in other countries, mental health service use remains markedly low. This study aimed to identify barriers to service use by assessing th...
PURPOSE: Although the prevalence of mental disorders in Korea is comparable to that in other countries, mental health service use remains markedly low. This study aimed to identify barriers to service use by assessing the effect of stigma across age groups using data from two surveys conducted 10 years apart. METHODS: This study used data from the Korean Epidemiologic Catchment Area study 2011 (n = 6022) and the National Mental Health Survey of Korea 2021 (n = 5511). Stigma was assessed using the Perceived Devaluation-Discrimination scale. Participants were categorized into three age groups: 18-39, 40-59, and ≥60 years. Multivariable regression analyses were performed to examine the effects of stigma on service use adjusting for sociodemographic covariates. Interaction terms and stratified analyses were used to evaluate age-specific association across the study years. RESULTS: Stigma was higher among older individuals, and it increased across all age groups from 2011 to 2021. During this period, mental health service use declined overall, except among younger adults. The effect of stigma differed significantly by age group. Higher stigma was associated with reduced service use among middle-aged and older adults in 2011, whereas this association persisted only among middle-aged adults in 2021. No significant association was observed among younger adults in either survey year. CONCLUSION: The adverse effect of stigma was dominant in middle-aged adults, reflecting their active social roles, whereas older adults were more likely to be affected by socioeconomic factors. Age-specific interventions are necessary to promote mental health service use.
Theta burst stimulation for suicidal ideation in depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis of efficacy and protocol moderators.
Xia X, Feng X, Huang C … +3 more , Chen Z, Lei W, Yue Y
Psychiatry Res · 2026 Sep · PMID 42155351 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Suicidal ideation (SI) is common in major depressive disorder (MDD) and strongly associated with suicide risk. Current treatments often fail to provide rapid and sustained relief. This meta-analysis evaluated...
BACKGROUND: Suicidal ideation (SI) is common in major depressive disorder (MDD) and strongly associated with suicide risk. Current treatments often fail to provide rapid and sustained relief. This meta-analysis evaluated the effects of theta burst stimulation (TBS) on SI and depressive symptoms. METHODS: Six databases were systematically searched through March 2026 for randomized controlled trials evaluating TBS for SI in depression. Random-effects models were used to calculate pooled standardized mean differences (SMDs). Subgroup, meta-regression, and correlation analyses were conducted. RESULTS: Eighteen studies were included, with 14 entering quantitative synthesis. TBS significantly reduced SI (SMD = -0.48, p < 0.001) and depressive symptoms (SMD = -0.66, p < 0.001). TBS was superior to sham and comparable, but not superior, to standard rTMS. Baseline depression severity significantly moderated anti-suicidal effects (β = -2.777, p = 0.007), although findings were sensitive to high-leverage studies. Improvements in SI and depressive symptoms were moderately correlated but not statistically significant (R = 0.57, p = 0.112). No serious adverse events were reported. CONCLUSIONS: TBS may be an effective and time-efficient intervention for depression with SI. Given its shorter treatment duration, TBS may be particularly useful in settings requiring rapid SI relief. Improvements in SI and depressive symptoms may be partly independent, supporting separate assessment and treatment of SI. Future studies should prioritize SI as a primary outcome and investigate optimal stimulation timing parameters.
Prevalence of anxiety and depression among Chinese medical students over the past decade: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Wang J, Shu H, Zhou Z … +2 more , Li H, Wei X
Psychiatry Res · 2026 Sep · PMID 42142498 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Depression and anxiety are prevalent mental health conditions among Chinese medical students, profoundly affecting their daily lives and academic performance. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to review and analysi...
BACKGROUND: Depression and anxiety are prevalent mental health conditions among Chinese medical students, profoundly affecting their daily lives and academic performance. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to review and analysis the prevalence of depression and/or anxiety among Chinese medical students over the past decade. METHOD: Cross-sectional studies on the prevalence of depression and/or anxiety among medical students in China were retrieved from PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, CNKI, and Wanfang database over the past decade (from 2015 to 2024). An 11-item checklist recommended by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality was used to evaluate the quality of the included studies. Software Stata 16.0 and RevMan 5.3 were used to analyze the data. RESULT: Over the past decade, the pooled prevalence of anxiety and depression among Chinese medical students was 25.36% and 31.75%. The prevalence of depression is correlated with gender, race, residence, grades, exercise frequency and family relationship. The prevalence of anxiety is related with gender and grades. Region, assessment tool, research quality, grades, sample size, gender and residence were notable heterogeneous sources of depression. Region, assessment tool, grade, and sample size were significant heterogeneous sources of anxiety. CONCLUSION: It is recommended to conduct regular screening and appropriate intervention for depression and anxiety problems among Chinese medical students. REGISTRATION: PROSPERO, CRD420250651768.
Examining the prognostic utility of symptom etiology groupings on the VA's comprehensive traumatic brain injury evaluation.
Ozturk ED, Chanfreau-Coffinier C, VA Million Veteran Program … +1 more , Merritt VC
Psychiatry Res · 2026 Sep · PMID 42142497 · Publisher ↗
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a prevalent condition among military service members and Veterans. As such, the Veterans Health Administration established the TBI Screening and Evaluation Program to identify and assess s...
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a prevalent condition among military service members and Veterans. As such, the Veterans Health Administration established the TBI Screening and Evaluation Program to identify and assess suspected deployment-related TBI's among post-9/11 Veterans. Veterans who screen positive on an initial four-item TBI Screen are referred for a Comprehensive Traumatic Brain Injury Evaluation (CTBIE), a structured clinical interview used to confirm TBI diagnosis and evaluate the likely etiology of current symptoms. This study examined whether clinician-rated symptom etiology classifications on the CTBIE (i.e., Symptom Resolution, TBI, Behavioral Health, Comorbid [TBI + Behavioral Health], or Other) predict clinical and functional outcomes assessed ∼3 years later among Veterans with a history of suspected deployment-related TBI. Clinical and functional outcomes included posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, depression/anxiety symptoms, subjective cognitive functioning, sleep, and employment. Participants (N=1,213) had a suspected TBI per the CTBIE, enrolled in the VA Million Veteran Program (MVP), and completed MVP surveys. Adjusted regression analyses demonstrated that symptom etiology group classification was significantly associated with most clinical and functional outcomes. Follow-up analyses elucidated how symptom etiology groups differed from one another across outcomes, with the Comorbid and Behavioral Health groups consistently experiencing the poorest outcomes. Findings demonstrate that clinician-rated symptom etiology groupings from the CTBIE provide meaningful insight into chronic symptoms and functional status of Veterans with suspected deployment-related TBI. These results support the clinical utility of the CTBIE's symptom etiology classification as a prognostic indicator to inform individualized care and targeted interventions for Veterans navigating long-term recovery.
Comment on "Effects of video game intervention on attention deficit in children with ADHD: A systematic review and meta-analysis".
Zhang H, Du Z
Psychiatry Res · 2026 Sep · PMID 42142496 · Publisher ↗
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Longitudinal associations between depressive symptoms and exposure to intimate partner sexual violence in men: findings from a nationally representative sample.
Pilkington V, Bendall S, Tillman G … +4 more , Wilson MJ, Chhabra J, Rice S, Seidler Z
Psychiatry Res · 2026 Sep · PMID 42142495 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Research on sexual violence exposure in men has primarily focused on child sexual abuse, with considerably less attention paid to adult experiences, including sexual violence occurring within intimate relatio...
BACKGROUND: Research on sexual violence exposure in men has primarily focused on child sexual abuse, with considerably less attention paid to adult experiences, including sexual violence occurring within intimate relationships. This study examines associations between men's exposure to intimate partner sexual violence (IPSV) and depressive symptoms. METHOD: Data were drawn from Ten to Men, Australia's largest longitudinal study of men's health (n = 16,021 at wave one). Data were collected across four waves between 2013-14 and 2022. Men aged ≥18 years at wave one completed the IPSV item and were included in the analysis (n = 13,328). The study examined whether exposure to IPSV was associated with moderate-to-severe depressive (PHQ-9) symptoms across waves. Population-averaged associations were estimated using logistic regression with generalised estimating equations. Potential moderators were assessed, including demographic characteristics, substance misuse, social support, help-seeking, and sexual functioning. RESULTS: The prevalence of reported IPSV was 2.5% (n = 337). Men exposed to IPSV had 68% higher odds of moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms across the study period, relative to unexposed men (OR=1.68, 95% CI: 1.35- 2.09, p<. 001). No assessed moderators reached significance, suggesting the association between IPSV and depressive symptoms was consistent across demographic and psychosocial profiles. IMPLICATIONS: These findings highlight the importance of recognising IPSV as a significant mental health concern among men, who may represent an under-identified group in clinical settings. Findings emphasise a need for greater investment in research and services targeting violence-exposed men, ensuring accessible, gender- and trauma-informed care.
Ketamine and esketamine for the prevention of postpartum depression: A systematic review and network meta-analysis, with an integrated evidence synthesis.
Lunsky I, Gutierrez G, Wang X … +8 more , Zhuang A, Zhang Y, Vazquez G, Bhat V, Archer S, Khullar A, Chrenek C, Swainson J
Psychiatry Res · 2026 Sep · PMID 42142494 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Postpartum Depression (PPD) is a common condition with serious consequences for both mother and baby if left untreated. Currently, few effective strategies exist for prevention of PPD. Ketamine and Esketami...
INTRODUCTION: Postpartum Depression (PPD) is a common condition with serious consequences for both mother and baby if left untreated. Currently, few effective strategies exist for prevention of PPD. Ketamine and Esketamine are rapid acting and potent antidepressants, and emerging evidence is showing promising results for PPD. METHODS: This review searched the MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases, including peer-reviewed randomized controlled trials (RCT), pilot studies, and observational studies. The articles studied the effects of ketamine or esketamine interventions on PPD prevention, when administered during pregnancy or postpartum for both c-section and vaginal deliveries. A network meta-analysis (for RCTs) and narrative synthesis (for other study designs) approach was used to analyze the effects of these treatments. Qualitative analysis employed the Cochrane risk of bias tool and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). RESULTS: Thirty-six studies were identified, five included vaginal delivery, thirty included c-section, and one study did not specify delivery mode. The results of the network meta-analysis and the narrative synthesis suggested that ketamine and esketamine treatment were well tolerated, and may be associated with a reduced risk of developing PPD. However, it is worth highlighting that the quality of the data was low to very low, as such these results should be interpreted with caution. CONCLUSIONS: This review suggested that ketamine and esketamine treatment may lower PPD risk. Nevertheless, the poor quality and scarcity of the data, and the limitations presented by current psychiatric practice guidelines, highlight the need for more high-quality, adequately powered studies.
Psychotic vulnerability in pediatric OCD: associations with neurocognitive functioning.
Guney O, Guney AY, Yildirim S … +8 more , Akbas IH, Kinay Ermis D, Kasar N, Gultekin Tas Z, Tuncturk M, Turan S, Ermis C, Karacetin G
Psychiatry Res · 2026 Sep · PMID 42139967 · Publisher ↗
Although psychotic vulnerability features may accompany obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in children and adolescents, the neurocognitive characteristics of this clinical presentation remain insufficiently understood....
Although psychotic vulnerability features may accompany obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in children and adolescents, the neurocognitive characteristics of this clinical presentation remain insufficiently understood. This study examined whether psychotic vulnerability is associated with neurocognitive functioning in pediatric OCD. The sample comprised 112 children and adolescents with DSM-5 OCD and 30 healthy controls. Based on positive symptom ratings on the Structured Interview for Psychosis-Risk Syndromes, the OCD group was divided into a subgroup with psychotic vulnerability (Psy+; n = 52) and a subgroup without psychotic vulnerability (Psy-; n = 60). Participants were assessed using standardized measures of psychopathology, neurocognition, global functioning, and premorbid adjustment. Group differences were examined using ANOVA, and multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to evaluate associations between symptom dimensions and neurocognitive outcomes. Compared with Psy- cases, Psy+ cases showed poorer global functioning, worse premorbid adjustment, and greater psychosis-spectrum symptom burden. In categorical analyses, both OCD subgroups performed worse than healthy controls on verbal learning and memory measures, with the lowest performance observed in the Psy+ group. Differences between Psy+ and Psy- cases were also most evident in verbal learning and memory. In dimensional analyses, OCD symptom severity was not significantly associated with neurocognitive outcomes, whereas negative symptoms were associated with poorer neurocognitive performance. These findings suggest that psychotic vulnerability may represent a clinically meaningful feature in pediatric OCD, associated with poorer functioning and selective neurocognitive differences.
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