Dev. Psychopathol. [JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Understanding desistance from aggression: A joint interpretation of person-centered and variable-centered approaches.
Carroll SL, Di Dio AM, Clark SL … +3 more , Klump KL, Hyde LW, Burt SA
Dev Psychopathol · 2025 Aug · PMID 40785695 · Full text
When leveraged together, variable-centered and person-centered statistical methods have the potential to illuminate the factors predicting mental health recovery. However, because extant studies have largely relied on on...
When leveraged together, variable-centered and person-centered statistical methods have the potential to illuminate the factors predicting mental health recovery. However, because extant studies have largely relied on only one of these methods, we do not yet understand why some youth demonstrate recovery while others experience chronic symptoms. This omission limits our understanding of trajectories of physical aggression (AGG) in particular, which are frequently characterized by desistance. The present study examined the development of AGG across childhood and adolescence via variable-centered and person-centered modeling, with neighborhood and family characteristics considered as predictors. Variable-centered results indicated a mean-level decline in AGG with age but were more useful for illuminating predictors of AGG at baseline than predictors of declining engagement. Person-centered analyses, by contrast, identified low parent-child conflict and high household income as predictors of desistance. Although variable-centered analyses were integral to modeling the average AGG trajectory and identifying predictors of engagement at baseline, person-centered techniques proved more useful for understanding predictors of desistance.
Reciprocal associations between parental reflective functioning and behavioral problems in Chinese children with autism spectrum disorder: a cross-lagged panel analysis.
Zhang C, Xu C, Zhang B … +1 more , Zhou T
Dev Psychopathol · 2025 Aug · PMID 40785687 · Publisher ↗
Higher levels of parental reflective functioning are associated with normatively developing children's secure attachment and better socioemotional functioning. Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit more se...
Higher levels of parental reflective functioning are associated with normatively developing children's secure attachment and better socioemotional functioning. Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit more severe behavioral problems than normatively developing children, which hinder social adaptation and impose significant parenting challenges. However, the relationship between parental reflective functioning and behavioral problems in children with ASD remains underexplored, with most studies being cross-sectional. The present study examined reciprocal associations between parental reflective functioning and behavioral problems over a 6-month period across three timepoints in a sample of 180 Chinese parents of children with ASD using cross-lagged panel analyses. The result revealed a bidirectional relationship between parental reflective functioning and children's internalizing behavioral problems. Higher level of pre-mentalizing predicted increased internalizing behavioral problems at the subsequent time point, and vice versa. A child-driven effect was found in the association between externalizing behavioral problems and parental reflective functioning. A higher level of children's externalizing behaviors was correlated with increased parental pre-mentalizing and decreased certainty about mental states, as well as reduced parental interest and curiosity, at subsequent time points. The results underscore the importance of developing parenting interventions aimed at enhancing parental reflective functioning to mitigate behavioral problems in children with ASD.
Daily associations between peer victimization and anxious affect among adolescents: The role of social threat sensitivity.
Schacter HL, Marusak HA, Gowatch L … +1 more , Jovanovic T
Dev Psychopathol · 2025 Aug · PMID 40765447 · Full text
Adolescents frequently victimized by peers are two to three times more likely to develop an anxiety disorder than their non-victimized peers. However, the fine-grained mechanisms that explain how peer victimization confe...
Adolescents frequently victimized by peers are two to three times more likely to develop an anxiety disorder than their non-victimized peers. However, the fine-grained mechanisms that explain how peer victimization confers risk for anxiety in adolescents' daily lives are not well-understood. Leveraging an intensive longitudinal design, this study examined same- and cross-day links between peer victimization and anxiety, investigating social threat sensitivity as a potential underlying mechanism. One hundred ninety-five adolescents ( = 16.48, = 0.35; 66% female, 27% male, 11% non-binary, identifying with another gender; 48% White, 20% Asian, 15% Black, 17% identifying with another race/ethnicity) completed brief daily assessments of peer victimization, social threat sensitivity, and anxious affect for 14 days. Multilevel analyses indicated that adolescents reported greater anxious affect on days when they experienced peer victimization compared to days without victimization. Although peer victimization did not predict anxious affect the following day, it was associated with increased anxious affect two days later. Social threat sensitivity significantly mediated the same-day, but not cross-day, association between peer victimization and anxious affect, controlling for prior-day threat sensitivity and anxiety. The findings suggest that heightened social vigilance partially accounts for anxious affect in adolescents facing peer victimization in daily life.
A multimethod longitudinal examination of the effects of childhood maltreatment on birth experiences and postpartum mental health.
Wright KR, Zhou AM, Molina NC … +4 more , de Vos N, Kaliush PR, Conradt E, Crowell SE
Dev Psychopathol · 2025 Aug · PMID 40755243 · Full text
The perinatal period has gained increasing attention from developmental psychopathologists; however, experiences during birth have been minimally examined using this framework. The current study aimed to evaluate longitu...
The perinatal period has gained increasing attention from developmental psychopathologists; however, experiences during birth have been minimally examined using this framework. The current study aimed to evaluate longitudinal associations between childhood maltreatment, negative birth experiences, and postpartum mental health across levels of self-reported emotion dysregulation and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA). Expectant mothers ( = 223) participated in a longitudinal study from the third trimester of pregnancy to 7 months postpartum. Participants contributed prenatal resting RSA and completed questionnaires prenatally, 24 hours after birth, and 7 months postpartum. Results indicated that more childhood maltreatment was associated with higher birth fear and postpartum anxiety and depressive symptoms. Resting RSA moderated the association between childhood maltreatment and birth fear, such that more childhood maltreatment and higher resting RSA were associated with increased birth fear. Additionally, self-reported prenatal emotion dysregulation moderated the association between childhood maltreatment and postpartum depressive symptoms, such that more childhood maltreatment and higher emotion dysregulation were associated with increased depressive symptoms. Emotion dysregulation across multiple levels may amplify vulnerability to negative birth experiences and postpartum psychopathology among individuals with childhood maltreatment histories. Thus, emotion dysregulation in the context of trauma-informed care may be worthwhile intervention targets during the perinatal period.
Early maltreatment, socioemotional competence, and parenting in adulthood: The moderating role of social network size.
Szepsenwol O, Zamir O, Griskevicius V … +1 more , Simpson JA
Dev Psychopathol · 2025 Jul · PMID 40696725 · Publisher ↗
Childhood maltreatment can lead to poor socioemotional development, which may undermine parental functioning in adulthood. Having a large social network of relatives and friends, however, might buffer the effects of chil...
Childhood maltreatment can lead to poor socioemotional development, which may undermine parental functioning in adulthood. Having a large social network of relatives and friends, however, might buffer the effects of childhood maltreatment on parents. This prediction was examined using prospective data from the Minnesota Longitudinal Study of Risk Adaptation ( = 173). Early childhood maltreatment was assessed prospectively at ages 0 - 5. Socioemotional competence during middle childhood and adolescence (ages 5 - 16) was assessed via teacher reports. Adult parenting was assessed using a semi-structured interview at age 32 ( = 106) and dyadic parent-child observations at various ages ( = 85). At age 32, participants also wrote the names of friends and relatives in their inner, middle, and outer social circles. In a moderated mediation analysis, childhood maltreatment forecasted low socioemotional competence, which in turn predicted more negative parental orientations (greater hostility and lower emotional connectedness and involvement) and lower observed parental support in adulthood. However, having a large social network and having friends in one's inner circle buffered this effect. These results highlight the significance of social networks in supporting parents who were maltreated in childhood, and primarily the importance of close friends.
COVID-19 experiences and persistent maternal mental health symptoms: Examining the role of long COVID, self-efficacy, and partner support.
Silletti F, Koire A, Ma C … +6 more , Lin HC, Mittal L, Roffman JL, Erdei C, Musso P, Liu CH
Dev Psychopathol · 2025 Jul · PMID 40641353 · Publisher ↗
Perinatal women were particularly impacted during the pandemic, with documented consequences for both mothers' and infants' well-being. This study investigated the longitudinal relationships between COVID-19-related expe...
Perinatal women were particularly impacted during the pandemic, with documented consequences for both mothers' and infants' well-being. This study investigated the longitudinal relationships between COVID-19-related experiences during the peripartum and women's depression and anxiety symptoms at long-term follow-up. We explored the moderating role of long COVID for the first time, along with perceived partner support and maternal self-efficacy. A sample of 190 US perinatal women completed a survey from May 21, 2020, to September 15, 2021 (T1), and again between December 14, 2022, and February 14, 2024 (T2). The survey assessed COVID-19-related experiences, mental health, long COVID, maternal self-efficacy, partner support, and life events. Anxiety was associated with both long COVID and decreased partner support, and both depression and anxiety were linked to lower self-efficacy. A larger number of COVID-19-related experiences during the peripartum period was associated with higher levels of later depression and anxiety symptoms. Long COVID exacerbated these links, while partner support buffered them. Maternal self-efficacy dampened the association between COVID-19-related experiences and subsequent depression, but not anxiety. Findings suggest that COVID-19 has lasting effects on perinatal women's mental health, with partner support and maternal self-efficacy acting as resilience factors, highlighting the potential benefit of targeted interventions to enhance these modifiable factors.
Peer victimization and internalizing and externalizing problems among early adolescents: The longitudinal between × within moderation role of the FKBP5 gene.
Gong X, Zhou J
Dev Psychopathol · 2025 Jul · PMID 40621636 · Publisher ↗
Although many studies have demonstrated associations between peer victimization and internalizing and externalizing problems that may be moderated by genes, it remains unclear whether these links also apply to the within...
Although many studies have demonstrated associations between peer victimization and internalizing and externalizing problems that may be moderated by genes, it remains unclear whether these links also apply to the within-person level. The present study investigated within-person associations between peer victimization and internalizing and externalizing problems, as well as the moderating effect of between-person differences in the FKBP5 gene. A total of 915 Chinese youth (43.9% girls; = 10.34 years, = 0.94) participated in a three-wave longitudinal study with six-month intervals. A random intercept cross-lagged panel model was used to test the hypothesized moderation effects, enabling the examination of time-invariant moderators and the between × within interaction. Results revealed that peer victimization was bidirectionally associated with internalizing and externalizing problems at the within-person level. The FKBP5 gene moderated the within-person pathways from peer victimization to both internalizing and externalizing problems. These findings suggest that individuals with greater genetic susceptibility were more likely to develop internalizing and externalizing symptoms in response to peer victimization. These results highlight gene-environment interactions at the within-person level and underscore the importance of tailored interventions aimed at preventing internalizing and externalizing problems in adolescents.
Intergenerational continuity of multidimensional patterns of child maltreatment exposure: A person-centered approach.
Russotti J, Warmingham J, Swerbenski H … +3 more , Handley ED, Li Z, Cicchetti D
Dev Psychopathol · 2025 Jul · PMID 40605630 · Full text
One of the most devastating and costly consequences of CM is that it persists across generations. Yet, we know little about whether there is intergenerational continuity of diverse dimensions of CM exposure (e.g., chroni...
One of the most devastating and costly consequences of CM is that it persists across generations. Yet, we know little about whether there is intergenerational continuity of diverse dimensions of CM exposure (e.g., chronicity, multi-subtype) or unique patterns of exposure. This is a critical gap, given evidence that different forms of CM confer unique consequences. To enhance our understanding of intergenerational continuity of CM, the current study applied a multidimensional framework to be the first to investigate whether unique forms of CM exposure (characterized by the subtypes and whether multi-type exposure occurred) exhibited homotypic/heterotypic patterns of intergenerational continuity. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify patterns of CM exposure in mothers and their offspring (aged 8-13) who were part of a high-risk, economically disadvantaged sample of maltreated and nonmaltreated youth ( = 1240). Four distinct classes of CM exposure were identified in both mothers and ) and offspring and ). Patterns of homotypic and heterotypic intergenerational continuity were identified, with a pattern of multi-type exposure emerging as an enduring form of exposure across generations. Implications for preventive interventions are discussed. Intergenerational continuity of multidimensional patterns of child maltreatment exposure: A person-centered approach.
Children's representations of parents account for multifinality in outcomes of parental control: Evidence from two studies.
Herbert HM, Kim J, Kochanska G
Dev Psychopathol · 2025 Jul · PMID 40598795 · Full text
Effects of variations in parents' control styles, especially the amount of power assertion they deploy, have long been a central question in socialization research. Although severe, harsh control is unanimously considere...
Effects of variations in parents' control styles, especially the amount of power assertion they deploy, have long been a central question in socialization research. Although severe, harsh control is unanimously considered harmful, research on effects of far more common low-to-moderate power assertion is inconsistent. Drawing from attachment and social cognition traditions, we examined whether children's representations of parents (Internal Working Models, IWMs) moderated associations between parental power assertion and children's socialization (violating or embracing rules and values, responsiveness to parents). In two studies of community families (Family Study, FS, = 102, and Children and Parents Study, CAPS, = 200), employing observations and reports, we assessed parental power assertion at age 4.5, children's IWMs at ages 8 in FS and 4.5 in CAPS, and socialization outcomes at ages 10 and 12 in FS and 4.5 in CAPS. In FS, children's IWMs of the parent moderated effects of parental power assertion on socialization outcomes in mother- and father-child dyads (s = 0.47, 0.41, respectively): Power assertion had detrimental effects only for children with negative IWMs of their parents. In CAPS, findings were replicated for mother-child dyads ( = 0.24). We highlight origins of multifinality in socialization sequelae of parental control.
Dispositional threat sensitivity as a liability for fear-related pathologies: Evidence from a child-aged twin sample.
Sawyers CK, Moore AA, Patrick CJ … +7 more , Yancey JR, Brotman MA, Leibenluft E, Pine DS, Roberson-Nay R, Kramer MD, Hettema JM
Dev Psychopathol · 2025 Jul · PMID 40598794 · Publisher ↗
Threat sensitivity, an individual difference construct reflecting variation in responsiveness to threats of various types, predicts physiological reactivity to aversive stimuli and shares heritable variance with anxiety...
Threat sensitivity, an individual difference construct reflecting variation in responsiveness to threats of various types, predicts physiological reactivity to aversive stimuli and shares heritable variance with anxiety disorders in adults. However, no research has been conducted yet with youth to examine the heritability of threat sensitivity or evaluate the role of genetic versus environmental influences in its relations with mental health problems. The current study addressed this gap by evaluating the psychometric properties of a measure of this construct, the 20-item Trait Fear scale (TF-20), and examining its phenotypic and genotypic correlations with different forms of psychopathology in a sample of 346 twin pairs (121 monozygotic), aged 9-14 years. Analyses revealed high internal consistency and test-retest reliability for the TF-20. Evidence was also found for its convergent and discriminant validity in terms of phenotypic and genotypic correlations with measures of fear-related psychopathology. By contrast, the TF-20's associations with depressive conditions were largely attributable to environmental influences. Extending prior work with adults, current study findings provide support for threat sensitivity as a genetically-influenced liability for phobic fear disorders in youth.
How negative affect moderates the effect of mindful parenting on child externalizing behavior: Frontal alpha asymmetry as environmental sensitivity factor.
Chhangur RR, Van den Bergh BRH, Hillekens J … +1 more , van den Heuvel MI
Dev Psychopathol · 2025 Jul · PMID 40598789 · Publisher ↗
The development of externalizing behavior in young children is shaped by the complex interaction of temperament, neural mechanisms, and environmental factors. This study explored how child frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA) a...
The development of externalizing behavior in young children is shaped by the complex interaction of temperament, neural mechanisms, and environmental factors. This study explored how child frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA) and child negative affect jointly moderate the relationship between mindful parenting and child externalizing behavior. The sample, drawn from families in the Netherlands, included reports from 128 mothers and 103 partners on mindful parenting, and on children's negative affect and externalizing behavior. FAA was measured in 95 four-year-old children during an EEG session while they watched an animated video. Results indicated that children with high negative affect and greater left-sided FAA displayed the most externalizing behavior when maternal mindful parenting was low, but the least when mindful parenting was high. In contrast, no significant effects were found for children with lower negative affect or in partner-reported data. These findings suggest that children with both high negative affect and greater left-sided FAA are more sensitive to the quality of mindful parenting, particularly from mothers, aligning with the environmental sensitivity framework. Future research should replicate these findings, ideally in a larger sample, and further examine the long-term, cumulative impact of FAA and negative affect on the development of behavioral problems.
Contextual variations in the effects of social withdrawal, peer exclusion, and friendship on growth curves of depressed affect in late childhood.
Commisso M, Persram RP, Lopez LS … +1 more , Bukowski WM
Dev Psychopathol · 2025 Jun · PMID 40583455 · Publisher ↗
The moderating roles of friendship and contextual variables on associations between social withdrawal and peer exclusion and growth curves of depressed affect were studied with a three-wave multilevel longitudinal design...
The moderating roles of friendship and contextual variables on associations between social withdrawal and peer exclusion and growth curves of depressed affect were studied with a three-wave multilevel longitudinal design. Participants were 313 boys and girls aged 10-12 from Canada ( = 139), mostly of European and North African descent, and Colombia ( = 174), mostly mestizo, afrocolombian, and European descent. Depressed affect, peer exclusion, social withdrawal and friendship were assessed with peer-reports, and collectivism and individualism with self-reports. Group-level scores included gender, place and means of social withdrawal, peer exclusion, friendship, collectivism and individualism for each child's same-gender classroom peer-group. Results indicated that being friended weakened associations between peer exclusion and social withdrawal and depressed affect. The strength of this effect varied across peer-group contexts.
The role of caregiver emotion regulation in youth mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal study - CORRIGENDUM.
Kim SG, Rodman AM, Rosen ML … +5 more , Kasparek SW, Mayes M, Lengua LJ, Meltzoff AN, McLaughlin KA
Dev Psychopathol · 2025 Oct · PMID 40583452 · Publisher ↗
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Associations of neighborhood threat and deprivation with psychopathology: Uncovering neural mechanisms.
Vargas TG, Rakesh D, McLaughlin KA
Dev Psychopathol · 2025 Jun · PMID 40583442 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Assessing dimensions of neighborhoods could aid identification of contextual features that influence psychopathology in children and contribute to uncovering mechanisms underlying these associations. METHOD:...
BACKGROUND: Assessing dimensions of neighborhoods could aid identification of contextual features that influence psychopathology in children and contribute to uncovering mechanisms underlying these associations. METHOD: The ABCD sample included 8,339 participants aged 9-10 from 21 U.S. sites. Mixed effect and structural equation models estimated associations of self-reported neighborhood threat/safety and county-level neighborhood threat (i.e., crime) and tract-level deprivation with psychopathology symptoms and indirect effects. Hypothesized mechanisms included emotion processing (adaptation to emotional conflict, task-active ROIs for emotional n-back) and cognition (EF and task-active ROIs for the stop-signal task); exploratory analyses included neural function (of amygdala to network and within-network resting state connectivity). RESULTS: Associations of neighborhood deprivation and all symptoms were mediated by EF; links with psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) were mediated by retrosplenial temporal and dorsal attention within-network connectivity. In contrast, neighborhood threat was associated with attention difficulties, internalizing problems, and PLEs uniquely via default mode within-network connectivity; with attention difficulties, externalizing symptoms, and PLEs through amygdala-dorsal attention within-network connectivity, with PLEs and externalizing symptoms through visual within-network connectivity; with PLEs and attention difficulties through amygdala-sensorimotor connectivity, and with PLEs through amygdala-salience network connectivity. CONCLUSION: Neighborhood deprivation and threat predicted symptoms through distinct neural and cognitive pathways, with implications for prevention and intervention efforts at contextual levels.
Parental overprotection moderates the association between recent stressor exposure and anxiety during the transition to university.
Panier LYX, Allison GO, Sejourne C … +2 more , Slavich GM, Weinberg A
Dev Psychopathol · 2025 Jun · PMID 40567238 · Publisher ↗
The first year of university is a developmentally significant transition that involves substantial stressor exposure and, for some, heightened anxiety. Parenting may influence the association between stressor exposure an...
The first year of university is a developmentally significant transition that involves substantial stressor exposure and, for some, heightened anxiety. Parenting may influence the association between stressor exposure and anxiety symptoms, with some research showing that parental care and overprotection throughout childhood and adolescence are associated with the experience of anxiety. However, how these factors interact and relate to anxiety symptoms in early adulthood is not clear. To address this issue, we examined interactions between parenting characteristics (care and overprotection) and stressors experienced during the transition to university, and how they relate to anxiety symptoms in 240 first-year undergraduates ( = 18.2, SD = 1.18, 75% female, 51.7% White). Results revealed a significant interaction between parental overprotection and stressor exposure, such that higher parental overprotection and higher levels of recent stressor exposure were associated with more anxiety symptoms ( = 0.52, = .008). These findings demonstrate continued evidence for associations between experiences of parenting and psychopathology in emerging adulthood and suggest that overprotective parenting behaviors may exacerbate effects of stress exposure.
Prior externalizing, but not internalizing, symptoms predict subsequent family conflict in emerging adolescence: A longitudinal study.
Aaron L, Black SR
Dev Psychopathol · 2025 Jun · PMID 40555602 · Publisher ↗
As youth transition into adolescence, their desire for autonomy leads to changes in the family dynamic, resulting in increased family conflict and possible disruptions to children's psychological health. Previous literat...
As youth transition into adolescence, their desire for autonomy leads to changes in the family dynamic, resulting in increased family conflict and possible disruptions to children's psychological health. Previous literature, however, has largely neglected to consider whether the association between family conflict and child behavioral difficulties is uni- or bi-directional. The current study used latent curve growth models with structured residuals (LCMs-SR) to investigate this question in the Adolescent Brain & Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. At four annual waves (baseline through 3-year follow-up), youth ( = 11,868; at Time 1 = 9.48 years; 48% female; 50% White) reported on family conflict while parents reported on youths' internalizing and externalizing behaviors. Youth reported family conflict levels as increasing over four years. Furthermore, family conflict was bidirectionally associated with externalizing behavior, in that families with greater than expected conflict had children with more externalizing behaviors, and youth with more externalizing behaviors reported greater than expected conflict at home. Internalizing behavior, however, did not predict later family conflict, though family conflict predicted deviations in later internalizing behavior. These findings add to the literature by demonstrating bidirectional influences between children's behavior and family functioning across emerging adolescence.
The distinct effects of cool and hot executive function deficits on ADHD core symptoms: Combining variable-centered and person-centered approaches.
Wang X, Chen L, Feng T
Dev Psychopathol · 2025 Jun · PMID 40519151 · Publisher ↗
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity, accompanied by deficits in executive function (EF). However, how the two cor...
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity, accompanied by deficits in executive function (EF). However, how the two core symptoms of ADHD are affected by EF deficits remains unclear. 649 children with ADHD were recruited. Data were collected from ADHD rating scales, the Behavior Rating Inventory of EF (BRIEF), and other demographic questionnaires. Regression and path analyses were conducted to explore how deficits in cool and hot EF influence different ADHD core symptoms. Latent class analysis and logistic regression were employed to further examine whether classification of ADHD subtypes is associated with specific EF deficits. EF deficits significantly predicted the severity of ADHD core symptoms, with cool EF being a greater predictor of inattention and hot EF having a more significant effect on hyperactivity/impulsivity. Moreover, person-centered analyses revealed higher EF deficits in subtypes of ADHD with more severe symptoms, and both cool and hot EF deficits could predict the classification of ADHD subtypes. Our findings identify distinct roles for cool and hot EF deficits in the two core symptoms of ADHD, which provide scientific support for the development of ADHD diagnostic tools and personalized intervention from the perspective of specific EF deficits.
Implications of unique and shared variance of interparental conflict and child emotional insecurity through parental depressive symptomology.
Kopystynska O, Crapo JS, Barnett MA … +3 more , Bradford K, Higginbotham B, Curran MA
Dev Psychopathol · 2025 Jun · PMID 40509550 · Publisher ↗
The goal of this study was to unpack processes that may lead to child emotional insecurity. Guided by the emotional security theory (EST/EST-R), we examined the mediational role of parental depressive symptomology betwee...
The goal of this study was to unpack processes that may lead to child emotional insecurity. Guided by the emotional security theory (EST/EST-R), we examined the mediational role of parental depressive symptomology between interparental conflict (IPC), both constructive and destructive, and child emotional insecurity at age 36-months. We partitioned unique variance of IPC from shared using an extension of the common fate model. We used two-wave data from the Building Strong Families project, which consisted of racially diverse couples/parents ( = 4,424) who were low income and unmarried at the conception of their child. We found gendered differences for how mothers and fathers experience IPC, with mothers more influenced by their relational circumstances. We also found that fathers were vulnerable to experiencing depressive symptoms following aspects of destructive IPC. Consistent with EST-R, constructive IPC did not promote emotional security in children. Rather, both destructive and constructive IPC related to greater levels of emotional insecurity, with destructive IPC showing stronger effects. Proposed mediation was found for fathers only. Our findings may appeal to scholars who focus on untangling the complexity of IPC and intervention specialists and clinicians interested in a process-oriented approaches to the development of child psychopathology.
Low household income and adolescent mental health.
Ravensbergen SJ, Bouter DC, de Neve-Enthoven NGM … +3 more , Hagestein-de Bruijn C, Hoogendijk WJG, Grootendorst-van Mil NH
Dev Psychopathol · 2025 Jun · PMID 40495651 · Publisher ↗
The association between low household income and adolescent mental health causes continuing concern. We examined the relation between household income and adolescent internalizing and externalizing problems, and explored...
The association between low household income and adolescent mental health causes continuing concern. We examined the relation between household income and adolescent internalizing and externalizing problems, and explored individual, parental, and neighborhood characteristics. The sample included 872 Dutch adolescents ( = 14.93 years) oversampled on risk of psychopathology. Low income was defined as parent-reported net monthly household income below the 20 percentile (<€2000). Internalizing and externalizing problems were examined using the Youth Self-Report and Child Behavior Checklist. Covariates included sex, age, ethnic background, IQ, perceived social support, adverse life events, physical health, parental psychopathology, parental IQ, parent-child interaction, neighborhood unemployment rate, and neighborhood violence. Low household income was associated with more internalizing and externalizing problems. These associations were explained by more physical health concerns, increased parental psychopathology, more parent-child interaction problems, more adverse life events, lower perceived social support, and lower adolescent IQ. For all, except for mother-child interaction, a mediating role was suggested. This indicates a complex interplay between household income, individual, social, and parental factors affecting adolescent mental health. This study accentuates the necessity for a comprehensive, multi-faceted approach to address the negative effects of poverty on adolescent mental health, targeting these influences for preventive measures.
Adopted children's internalizing symptoms and externalizing problems 8 years post-placement: Developmental trajectories and transitions.
Paine AL, Perra O, Shelton KH
Dev Psychopathol · 2025 Jun · PMID 40485066 · Publisher ↗
Children adopted from public care are more likely to experience mental health problems associated with their histories of early life adversity and instability, but few studies have investigated children's mental health l...
Children adopted from public care are more likely to experience mental health problems associated with their histories of early life adversity and instability, but few studies have investigated children's mental health longitudinally across developmental turning points. We followed a sample of = 92 UK domestically adopted children and their families at six time points over eight years post-placement (children's ages ranged from 2 to 15 years). We used multilevel growth curve analysis to model time-related changes in children's internalizing symptoms and externalizing problems and spline models to investigate patterns of change before and after school entry. Children's internalizing symptoms followed a linear increasing trajectory, and externalizing problems followed a quadradic pattern where problems accelerated in early childhood and decelerated in late childhood. Spline models indicated an elevation in internalizing symptoms and externalizing problems as children started school. Internalizing symptoms continued to increase over time after school started and externalizing problems plateaued after the first years in school. Children adopted close in time to school entry displayed more problems when they started school. The transition to school represents a time of vulnerability for adopted children, especially for those who are adopted close in time to this transition, underscoring the need for ongoing support for their mental health across childhood.
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