Memory [JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Memories of forgiven wrongs: the role of interpersonal closeness and severity when remembering forgiven transgressions.
Fernández-Miranda G, Faul L, Murray S … +2 more , Amaya S, De Brigard F
Memory · 2026 Apr · PMID 41678746 · Publisher ↗
Although forgiveness can help overcome negative emotions and restore social relationships, the mnemonic mechanisms involved remain poorly understood. Recent evidence supports the emotional fading account, which posits th...
Although forgiveness can help overcome negative emotions and restore social relationships, the mnemonic mechanisms involved remain poorly understood. Recent evidence supports the emotional fading account, which posits that emotional responses associated with the retrieval of autobiographical memories of forgiven wrongdoings decrease relative to not-forgiven ones, while there is no difference in episodic details. We examined how interpersonal closeness between victim and perpetrator and the severity of the wrongdoing influence the recollective experience of forgiven versus not-forgiven events, and the interpersonal motivations toward the perpetrator. Across two studies ( = 1,007), participants recalled forgiven wrongs as less negative and emotionally intense than not-forgiven ones, regardless of closeness or severity. However, there were no differences in episodic detail or in the remembered emotion at the time of the event. We also found that forgiveness was related to interpersonal motivations, such as avoidance and benevolence, more strongly in close relationships and in response to high-severity wrongdoings. These findings extend prior work by showing that, compared to not-forgiven wrongs, forgiven wrongs elicit attenuated affective responses during retrieval across levels of closeness and severity, while there is no difference in episodic details. They also highlight the role of closeness and transgression severity in shaping interpersonal motivations.
Shinshu mindful study: can mindfulness training change the retrieval mode of autobiographical memory?
Matsumoto N, Fujino M, Sekine H … +4 more , Yoshida E, Watson LA, Isham AE, Barzykowski K
Memory · 2026 Apr · PMID 41664487 · Publisher ↗
Researchers have suggested that interoception can trigger the retrieval of autobiographical memories or influence the subjective sense of retrieval mode (e.g., involuntary or voluntary). This study examined whether four...
Researchers have suggested that interoception can trigger the retrieval of autobiographical memories or influence the subjective sense of retrieval mode (e.g., involuntary or voluntary). This study examined whether four sessions of mindfulness training, aimed at improving interoceptive processing over eight weeks, can alter autobiographical memory retrieval and perceived retrieval mode in a community sample. 26 participants in the mindfulness group and 30 participants in the waitlist control group completed the study ( = 34.80 ± 12.68). In the mindfulness group, participants showed a decrease in perceived retrieval suddenness and an increase in perceived retrieval effort for involuntary memories, and an increase in perceived generative retrieval for voluntary memories. Retrieval latency, frequency, and memory specificity did not change with training. Although heart rate acceleration was observed immediately before memory responses judged as being directly retrieved, this physiological response remained unchanged with training. Reported interoceptive sensibility and dispositional mindfulness increased significantly in the mindfulness group over time, but these changes did not predict changes in retrieval mode variables. The results suggest that mindfulness training leads to more deliberate, effortful memory retrieval, but changes in interoceptive processing may not support changes in retrieval. Clinical implications for reducing intrusive memory and its emotional impact are discussed.
Self-derivation through memory integration: clusters of precursor sub-processes.
Cronin-Golomb LM, Lee KA, Spradling GE … +1 more , Bauer PJ
Memory · 2026 Mar · PMID 41609351 · Publisher ↗
Knowledge builds through direct experiences (e.g., teaching) and productive processes (e.g., analogy). There is variability in the specific productive process of self-derivation of new knowledge through integration of se...
Knowledge builds through direct experiences (e.g., teaching) and productive processes (e.g., analogy). There is variability in the specific productive process of self-derivation of new knowledge through integration of separate yet related episodes of new learning. The variability relates to each of four hypothesised precursor sub-processes: encoding, reactivation, integration (all three for both children and adults), and selection (tested in children only). However, relations between each sub-process and self-derivation have been investigated in separate samples. As such, how they work together to support self-derivation is unknown. In the current research, we investigated all four sub-processes in samples of 7-11-year-olds (Study 1) and college-age adults (Study 2). In the child sample and in the combined sample of children and adults, encoding, reactivation, and integration each were found to relate to self-derivation; selection was not related to self-derivation. In the children sample and in the combined sample of children and adults, cluster analyses revealed two paths to successful self-derivation, one of which was more prompt-independent and the other seemingly was dependent on prompts. There also were two paths to unsuccessful self-derivation, both characterised by low success at encoding. The results provide new insight into sources of variability in self-derivation through memory integration.
Exploring the impact of elaborative rehearsal on mind wandering.
Peterson DJ, Wissman KT
Memory · 2026 Mar · PMID 41575317 · Publisher ↗
Research suggests elaborative rehearsal encoding manipulations facilitate subsequent recall of to-be-learned information. Though there have been several proposed mechanisms to understand this effect, we wanted to explore...
Research suggests elaborative rehearsal encoding manipulations facilitate subsequent recall of to-be-learned information. Though there have been several proposed mechanisms to understand this effect, we wanted to explore whether elaborative rehearsal may additionally be understood to improve memory via a reduction in mind wandering during learning. In a pre-registered experiment, we had participants learn a list of sentences in which a person was tied to an arbitrary action. In the control condition, a plausible explanation was provided to link person and action while in the elaborative rehearsal condition, participants were tasked with generating their own explanation. During this list presentation, participants were presented with several probes to gauge whether their attention was on task or if instead their mind had wandered to off-task thoughts. Later, participants were given a cued-recall test in which they were asked to recall which person was associated with each action. Results revealed that participants in the elaborative rehearsal condition recalled more of the sentences and self-reported less mind wandering. However, contrary to predictions, the reductions in mind wandering did not mediate cued recall performance. We argue that these data suggest elaborative rehearsal improves memory primarily because of what it adds (rich, idiosyncratic retrieval paths) as opposed to what it suppresses.
Items that are subject to retrieval-induced forgetting show slowed forgetting over time.
Meixensperger SR, Bäuml KT
Memory · 2026 Mar · PMID 41548144 · Publisher ↗
Retrieval-induced forgetting (RIF) refers to the finding that selective retrieval practice of a subset of studied items can impair recall of related unpracticed items, relative to recall of unrelated control items. Using...
Retrieval-induced forgetting (RIF) refers to the finding that selective retrieval practice of a subset of studied items can impair recall of related unpracticed items, relative to recall of unrelated control items. Using categorized study material, we examined in two experiments how the retention interval between retrieval practice and test (1 min, 4 h, 24 h, or 7 d) influences the size of this RIF effect. Across both experiments, the RIF effect was robust at shorter retention intervals (1 min, 4 h) but disappeared at longer intervals (24 h, 7 d). Unlike prior work, we also fitted power functions of time to the recall rates of unpracticed and control items to examine forgetting rates of the two types of items. Analysis of the function's parameters showed that while unpracticed items were initially impaired, they were forgotten more slowly over time than control items, making RIF disappear at longer retention intervals. Results are discussed with respect to prominent accounts of RIF.
The effects of group discussion on actual and false memories.
Bourgeois M, Salapska-Gelleri J, McElroy T
Memory · 2026 Mar · PMID 41548142 · Publisher ↗
Schacter (1999, 2001) has provided a taxonomy for studying memory distortions that suggests there are seven "sins" of memory: misattribution, persistence, suggestibility, bias, absent-mindedness, blocking, and transience...
Schacter (1999, 2001) has provided a taxonomy for studying memory distortions that suggests there are seven "sins" of memory: misattribution, persistence, suggestibility, bias, absent-mindedness, blocking, and transience. Although there has been a great deal of evidence that these memory distortions occur among individuals, few studies have examined the effects of discussion on false memories. In the present study, we presented seven memory tasks, each designed to elicit a different memory sin, to participants who either encoded the information individually or engaged in discussion within groups of 2 or 3 while retrieving the information. We found widespread evidence of all seven memory sins, whether participants engaged in discussion during retrieval or not. Group discussion increased actual memory for information. Regarding memory sins, group discussion increased misattribution and persistence, and decreased transience. Discussion had no significant effect on suggestibility, bias, absent-mindedness, or blocking. We discuss implications for situations where people attempt to retrieve memories while discussing them.
Effect of prosocial motivation on prospective memory and its different components in older adults under different attention loads.
Tu J, Li R, Wang M … +2 more , Guo Y, Gan J
Memory · 2026 Mar · PMID 41548141 · Publisher ↗
Prospective memory is the ability to remember to perform a planned activity in a future situation. Because of the strong sociability of older adults, their prospective memory performance is easily affected by prosocial m...
Prospective memory is the ability to remember to perform a planned activity in a future situation. Because of the strong sociability of older adults, their prospective memory performance is easily affected by prosocial motivation. The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of prosocial motivation on prospective memory and its components in older adults. Specifically, we recruited 101 older adults (aged 60-75 years) and 115 younger adults (aged 18-25 years) to participate in this experiment. We used a 2 (group) × 2 (age) × 2 (attention load) between-subjects design. Prosocial motivation was induced by instruction. The results showed that, compared with the control group, the accuracy of prospective memory and ongoing task in the prosocial motivation group was higher under different attention load and age conditions. Concurrently, the response speeds of the prospective memory and the ongoing tasks were slower. The results from the beta-MPT model analysis showed that under the condition of low attention load, the prospective component of the prosocial motivation group was higher than that of the control group. The results showed that prosocial motivation could promote prospective memory performance of both older adults and younger adults, an outcome unaffected by attention load. Prosocial motivation mainly ensures the monitoring and confirmation of prospective memory cues in high attention load condition by slowing down the response speed of both younger and older adults, thus improving prospective memory performance. The registration number is ChiCTR2500105119.
Work stress and perceived memory: longitudinal insights from the job demand-control and effort-reward imbalance models.
Guardiano M, Robbins W, Sokolow S … +3 more , Song Y, Siegrist J, Li J
Memory · 2026 Mar · PMID 41548129 · Publisher ↗
Two psychosocial work models, job demand-control (JDC) and effort-reward imbalance (ERI), have been studied in relation to health and cognition, but to a limited extent with subjective memory. This study aimed to evaluat...
Two psychosocial work models, job demand-control (JDC) and effort-reward imbalance (ERI), have been studied in relation to health and cognition, but to a limited extent with subjective memory. This study aimed to evaluate longitudinal associations of JDC and ERI with changes in subjective memory among United States (U.S.) workers from the population-based Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study. Among 1,538 U.S. workers, generalised estimating equations analyzed associations of independent and joint JDC and ERI categorizations at baseline (2004-2006) with changes in subjective memory composite scores from baseline to follow-up (2013-2014). Multivariable modelling accounted for demographic, socioeconomic, lifestyle, health, and psychosocial work factors. In the fully adjusted models, high job control (regression coefficient: 0.151 [95% CI 0.038, 0.264], = 0.0088), "high demand and high control" (0.164 [0.015, 0.312], = 0.0313), high reward (0.289 [0.174, 0.405], < .0001), "low effort and high reward" (0.288 [0.130, 0.446], = 0.0004), and "high effort and high reward" (0.288 [0.128, 0.448], = 0.0004) were associated with increased subjective memory. Work-related control and reward were positively associated with subjective memory changes across nine years among a U.S. worker cohort. Future research may support workplace environment improvements to promote cognitive health.
The social utility of redemption: contextual demands and normative modelling in narratives of autobiographical memory.
Wasinger GM, Costabile KA
Memory · 2026 Mar · PMID 41542972 · Publisher ↗
The present study examined conditions under which negative autobiographical memories are narrated with redemptive themes, a normative narrative structure in the U.S., in which a negative or emotionally difficult life exp...
The present study examined conditions under which negative autobiographical memories are narrated with redemptive themes, a normative narrative structure in the U.S., in which a negative or emotionally difficult life experience is described as having a positive conclusion. U.S. college student participants were asked to provide a written essay of a negative autobiographical experience. They were randomly assigned to experimental conditions that varied in memory-sharing context (highly evaluative versus less evaluative) and exposure to normative narrative modelling (redemptive sample essays versus nonredemptive sample essays). Results indicated that evaluative social context and redemptive narration exposure each increased participants' use of redemptive narration when recalling negative autobiographical memories. Use of redemption, in turn, led to more positive evaluations of the essays by independent raters, highlighting the social efficacy of using culturally normative narrative structures in interpersonal contexts.
Political identity and the perceived significance of public events among middle-aged adults in Turkey.
Uzer T
Memory · 2026 Mar · PMID 41542814 · Publisher ↗
This study explores the factors influencing the perceived significance of public events among middle-aged adults in Turkey, focusing on the role of political identity. A representative sample of participants from various...
This study explores the factors influencing the perceived significance of public events among middle-aged adults in Turkey, focusing on the role of political identity. A representative sample of participants from various regions of Turkey (329 females, Mage = 47.26, SD = 1.82; 330 males, Mage = 47.37, SD = 1.83) assessed various characteristics of public events. The results showed that personal significance, relevance to national identity, political significance, and unexpectedness were the strongest predictors of event significance, while emotional impact and consequentiality did not significantly predict perceived significance. Political identity also influenced perceptions, with supporters of the ruling AKP (Justice and Development Party) and opposition CHP (the Republican People's Party) showing different priorities in event significance. Additionally, higher SES was linked to greater perceived significance of events, while higher education was associated with lower significance ratings. These results highlight the complex interplay between political identity, demographic factors, and event characteristics in shaping public event perception.
False categorical memories: effects of list composition, divided attention & pre-retrieval warnings.
Parker A, Parkin A, Dagnall N
Memory · 2026 Feb · PMID 41504212 · Publisher ↗
Encoding lists of categorised words produces robust false memory for non-presented exemplars but few false memories for category labels. The present research examined the conditions under which false memories can be eli...
Encoding lists of categorised words produces robust false memory for non-presented exemplars but few false memories for category labels. The present research examined the conditions under which false memories can be elicited by variations in list composition in which a subset of category labels was presented for half of the lists. In Experiment 1, participants encoded lists of exemplars with or without the presence of category labels under full or divided attention conditions. Presentation of a subset of category labels produced false memories for non-presented labels and dividing attention reduced this effect. In Experiment 2, participants encoded lists as in Experiment 1 and prior to retrieval, were (or were not), given warnings about the nature of false memory effects and to avoid false memory errors. Categorical false memories arose when a subset of labels was encoded and warnings did not significantly reduce their magnitude, testifying to the robustness of this effect. Explanations are considered from the perspective of activation monitoring, fuzzy trace theory and how encoding and subsequent monitoring interact.
Ingroup bias in conversational memory: the role of nationalism in the saying-is-believing effect.
Figueroa-Grenett C, Haye Molina A, Páez Rovira D … +1 more , Muller F
Memory · 2026 Feb · PMID 41498329 · Publisher ↗
Research on the saying-is-believing effect shows that individuals tune their messages to match the audience's attitude and subsequently exhibit memory bias in the same direction. However, its implications in the context...
Research on the saying-is-believing effect shows that individuals tune their messages to match the audience's attitude and subsequently exhibit memory bias in the same direction. However, its implications in the context of collective memory remain understudied. Drawing on social identity theory, prior research suggests that people reconstruct memories of their group's past selectively, emphasising positive aspects and minimising negative ones. Using a 2 × 2 factorial design, this study examined the saying-is-believing effect in national history by manipulating audience attitude (positive vs. negative) and message production (with vs. without message generation). Results show that the effect extends to national history, with participants tuning their messages and biasing their memory according to the audience's attitude. However, those high in nationalism showed neither message tuning nor memory bias. These findings suggest that for individuals high in nationalism, social identity motivations override the epistemic and relational motives that typically drive the saying-is-believing effect.
Both emotional and neutral contexts increase feeling of knowing judgments despite poorer memory.
Kurdoglu P, Schwartz BL, Kapucu A
Memory · 2026 Feb · PMID 41474316 · Publisher ↗
The noncriterial recollection hypothesis (Brewer, G. A., Marsh, R. L., Clark-Foos, A., & Meeks, J. T. (2010). Noncriterial recollection influences metacognitive monitoring and control processes. , (10), 1936-1942. https:...
The noncriterial recollection hypothesis (Brewer, G. A., Marsh, R. L., Clark-Foos, A., & Meeks, J. T. (2010). Noncriterial recollection influences metacognitive monitoring and control processes. , (10), 1936-1942. https://doi.org/10.1080/17470210903551638) posits that feeling-of-knowing judgments (FOKs) are influenced by the retrieval of learned contextual information, but the effects of emotional contexts remain unexplored. We examined how the amount and emotional content of contextual information affect FOKs. Participants studied face-name pairs presented alone (no-information), with a description of a disgusting/neutral behaviour (medium-information), or with both the person's profession and the disgusting/neutral behaviour (maximum-information). We assessed cued recall, FOKs, and recognition accuracy for the face-name pairs. We hypothesised that additional contextual information would increase FOK magnitude, with a more pronounced effect for emotional content. The results revealed a dissociation between memory and metamemory, indicating a metacognitive illusion. Medium and maximum information conditions increased FOKs but reduced recall and recognition rates relative to the no-information condition. We observed no direct effect of emotion; FOK magnitude did not differ between negative and neutral conditions across information levels. However, correctly identifying which faces were associated with disgusting behaviours contributed more to FOKs than identifying which faces were associated with neutral behaviours. Overall, this study supported the noncriterial recollection hypothesis and extends research on emotion and metamemory. Moreover, we show a memory-metamemory dissociation with stimuli relevant in everyday life.
The impact of disparities in collaborators' encoding levels on collaborative memory.
Sun Y, Hu J, Duan Y … +4 more , Tang X, Wang W, Chen N, Liu W
Memory · 2026 Feb · PMID 41474302 · Publisher ↗
Utilising a two-character Chinese compound words list as task material, this study examines the effects of three combinations of deep and shallow encoding levels (operationalised via semantic and perceptual tasks, respec...
Utilising a two-character Chinese compound words list as task material, this study examines the effects of three combinations of deep and shallow encoding levels (operationalised via semantic and perceptual tasks, respectively) of two members within the same collaborative group on collaborative retrieval and subsequent individual memory. During the encoding phase, both the collaborative group and the nominal group conducted independent semantic or perceptual encoding. In the retrieval phase, the collaborative group engaged in collaborative retrieval and post-collaborative individual retrieval using three encoding combinations: semantic + semantic, perceptual + perceptual, and semantic + perceptual, while the nominal group continued with individual retrieval. The results indicate that the combination of differing encoding levels (semantic + perceptual) not only eliminates collaborative inhibition and reduces erroneous retrieval during collaborative retrieval but also enhances individual memory performance post-collaboration. This improvement reflects two complementary mechanisms: differentiated encoding levels reduce strategy interference, while cross-cueing facilitates reciprocal cueing between deep and shallow encoders, enabling them to leverage each other's retrieval strengths and optimise collaborative performance.
When, where, and how often do individuals recover memories of traumatic experiences? A systematic review.
Carey OG, Dempsey M, Minihane K … +1 more , Murphy G
Memory · 2026 Feb · PMID 41424398 · Publisher ↗
Recovered memories (RM) of trauma remain a contentious issue in psychological research and clinical practice, with ongoing debates about their prevalence and validity. This systematic review synthesizes empirical evidenc...
Recovered memories (RM) of trauma remain a contentious issue in psychological research and clinical practice, with ongoing debates about their prevalence and validity. This systematic review synthesizes empirical evidence from 42 studies published post-2000, following the "Memory Wars", to examine the prevalence of RM and associated contextual factors across diverse populations. Prevalence rates vary significantly: 1-3% in legally documented childhood sexual abuse (CSA) cases, 22-39% in self-reported CSA survivor samples, 6-19% in therapy attendees, and 3-13% in general population samples. Variability is driven by differences in operational definitions (e.g., total amnesia vs. partial forgetting), sample types, and recovery contexts (e.g., therapy-induced vs. spontaneous triggers). Therapist reports indicate 27-78% have encountered clients with RM, with caseload proportions ranging from 0.56% to 20%, influenced by theoretical orientation and training. Purposive studies reveal no unique cognitive mechanisms for RM, with experiences often reflecting conscious suppression, meta-awareness failures, or environmental cueing rather than special dissociative processes. These findings support a reconstructive memory framework, emphasizing cognitive, motivational, and environmental factors. The review highlights the need for standardized definitions, cross-cultural research, and enhanced therapist training to address risks of suggestive practices and develop evidence-based guidelines for supporting clients reporting RM in the absence of concerns regarding suggestion.
Birthday memories: an experimental think-aloud study on autobiographical remembering in the digital age.
Hutmacher F, Einhellig C, Klink S
Memory · 2026 Feb · PMID 41400116 · Publisher ↗
In today's digital world, people are documenting their lives more extensively than ever before. To investigate how this pervasive (digital) documentation shapes the way individuals reconstruct and recall personally relev...
In today's digital world, people are documenting their lives more extensively than ever before. To investigate how this pervasive (digital) documentation shapes the way individuals reconstruct and recall personally relevant events, we conducted a preregistered experimental think-aloud study in which participants ( = 40; German sample) were asked to remember their birthdays from 2019 and 2024 in as much detail as possible. Participants completed the study in their usual home environments and were allowed to consult any external resources that they wanted to consult. The results demonstrate that participants almost exclusively used digital external resources. Moreover, participants relied more heavily on external resources when recalling the more distant birthday. Importantly, the use of external resources was an overall adaptive strategy, insofar as it helped participants gain new insights that went beyond what they could recall from internal memory alone. This provides further evidence that integrating information stored in one's mind and information stored in the environment is a potentially beneficial and symbiotic process.
Comparing false memories produced by children and adults in the DRM paradigm: do DRM false memories really increase with age?
Schock J, Cortese MJ
Memory · 2026 Feb · PMID 41392352 · Publisher ↗
To examine contrasting predictions between fuzzy trace theory (FTT) and activation monitoring theory (AMT), the current study examined the proportion of DRM false memories produced by children vs adults. In contrast to p...
To examine contrasting predictions between fuzzy trace theory (FTT) and activation monitoring theory (AMT), the current study examined the proportion of DRM false memories produced by children vs adults. In contrast to previous studies, backward associative strength (BAS) was well controlled, and the method ensured that subjects' attention was focused on lexical/semantic information. Specifically, DRM lists for children were constructed from child norms, and DRM lists for adults were based on adult norms. In addition, to ensure that attention was focused on lexical/semantic information, lists were read aloud to the subjects, and responses were made verbally. Children produced more false memories than adults, supporting AMT. Response modality was varied in a second Experiment. Children recalled more items when responding orally than when writing responses. Adults showed no effect of response modality. These results indicate that when BAS is controlled, and both children's and adults' attention is focused on semantic information, false memory occurs more frequently in children than adults. We propose that this pattern is indicative of a less developed attentional system in children, is consistent with activation monitoring theory, and suggests important boundary conditions for the occurrence of developmental reversals.
Memories of the approximal future: evidence for mental simulations of imminent threat across the lifespan.
Read K, De Oliveira I, Özdemir Haksever N … +1 more , Szpunar KK
Memory · 2026 Feb · PMID 41389147 · Publisher ↗
Researchers have recently demonstrated that people tend to experience spontaneous mental simulations of what might happen next - i.e., the approximal future - and that such simulations are especially likely to focus on p...
Researchers have recently demonstrated that people tend to experience spontaneous mental simulations of what might happen next - i.e., the approximal future - and that such simulations are especially likely to focus on possible negative outcomes in relation to sources of perceived threat in the surrounding environment. The purpose of the two studies ( = 318) reported in this manuscript was to better characterise the generalizability of simulations of the approximal future across the lifespan. Participants were asked to report memories of approximal simulations of the future and to indicate whether the events they reported were triggered by any relevant past experiences. Across both studies, we found consistent evidence that people, irrespective of age, remember simulations of the approximal future that are disproportionately characterised by negative as opposed to positive valence, and that these memories tend to be remembered as being triggered by some relevant personal, vicarious, or media event. These findings suggest that mental simulation and memory work flexibility to support threat detection.
Investigating the truthfulness of autobiographical events through mouse dynamics.
Monaro M, Guiotto A, Fietta V … +1 more , Melis G
Memory · 2025 Dec · PMID 41379691 · Publisher ↗
This study examines the kinematic characteristics of mouse movements as a means to assess the truthfulness of reported autobiographical memories. Ninety participants answered double-choice questions about an autobiograph...
This study examines the kinematic characteristics of mouse movements as a means to assess the truthfulness of reported autobiographical memories. Ninety participants answered double-choice questions about an autobiographical event using a computer mouse. To induce cognitive load in deceptive responses, complex questions were introduced. Participants were divided into three groups: truthful responders ( = 30), those instructed to fabricate an entirely fictional holiday ( = 30), and those asked to falsify specific details of a real holiday ( = 30). Temporal and spatial features of mouse trajectories were recorded and analysed. Findings indicate that deceptive responses were associated with slower and more erratic mouse movements compared to truthful ones. Furthermore, machine learning models classified deceptive versus truthful responses with an average accuracy of 75% (for liars reporting completely faked holidays) and 80% (for liars providing true holidays with false details). Notably, participants who fabricated an entire event exhibited different movement patterns than those who altered specific details, suggesting that fabricating an entirely false memory may be cognitively less demanding than modifying real details. These findings provide novel insights into cognitive processes underlying deception and highlight the potential of kinematic analysis in lie detection.
Do positive memory characteristics influence associations between PTSD symptoms and reckless/self-destructive behaviours? A pilot study among military veteran students.
Rodenbaugh MM, Dickens HA, Slavish DC … +2 more , McGuire AP, Contractor AA
Memory · 2026 Jan · PMID 41359823 · Publisher ↗
Research indicates that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms relate to reckless and self-destructive behaviours (RSDBs). This study examined if positive autobiographical memory (AM) characteristics moderated the...
Research indicates that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms relate to reckless and self-destructive behaviours (RSDBs). This study examined if positive autobiographical memory (AM) characteristics moderated the relationship between PTSD symptom severity and RSDB engagement among student military veterans. In a sample of 100 trauma-exposed student veterans ( = 38.93; 94.6% male), regression analyses revealed that greater PTSD severity was associated with higher engagement in RSDBs ( < .01), while more accessibility to, greater vividness of, and closer time perspective of positive AMs was associated with less engagement in RSDBs. Moderation analyses revealed that the positive association between PTSD severity and RSDB engagement was stronger at (1) lower ( = 0.21, < .001) than at higher ( = 0.09, < .001) levels of positive AM accessibility, and (2) lower ( = 0.21, < .001) than at higher ( = 0.10, < .001) levels of positive AM sensory details. Other examined positive AM characteristics - emotional intensity, vividness, and distancing - did not moderate the relationship. Thus, being able to easily remember positive AMs with more sensory details may help attenuate the link between PTSD symptoms and risky behaviours, suggesting that positive memory-based interventions could be helpful. This study was exploratory, and we used a robust yet lenient correction for multiple comparisons, which indicates the need for replication in future research.
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