J Psychiatr Res [JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Regional structural-functional coupling alterations associated with subjective sleep quality in young adults.
Shao Z, Du Z, Song Q … +4 more , Liu S, Cai S, Liu D, Yuan K
J Psychiatr Res · 2026 Jul · PMID 41865716 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Poor sleep quality is associated with adverse behavioural and brain-related outcomes, yet the neurobiological mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Because sleep is thought to support synaptic renormaliz...
BACKGROUND: Poor sleep quality is associated with adverse behavioural and brain-related outcomes, yet the neurobiological mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Because sleep is thought to support synaptic renormalization and network reorganization, structural-functional connectivity (SC-FC) coupling-indexing the correspondence between the brain's anatomical scaffold and resting-state functional interactions-may provide complementary sensitivity beyond structural or functional connectivity alone. METHODS: We analysed multimodal MRI data from 1037 adults in the Human Connectome Project. Sleep quality was assessed with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) total score was included as a coarse exploratory measure. Regional SC-FC coupling was quantified as the region-wise correspondence between diffusion-derived structural connectivity and resting-state functional connectivity profiles. We compared coupling between poor sleepers (PSQI>5) and good sleepers (PSQI≤5). We further used linear support vector regression (SVR) with leakage-controlled nested cross-validation to explore multivariate coupling patterns associated with PSQI. Finally, in secondary exploratory analyses, we tested whether regional coupling showed statistical indirect effects in the PSQI-MMSE association. RESULTS: Compared to good sleepers, poor sleepers exhibited reduced SC-FC coupling in frontoparietal and default-mode regions, alongside increased coupling in temporal subregions. SVR revealed a statistically significant but weak out-of-sample association between coupling features and PSQI, with negligible variance explained at the individual level. Additionally, coupling in frontal subregions showed small indirect effects in the PSQI-MMSE association. CONCLUSION: Regional alterations in structure-function alignment were associated with subjective sleep quality, highlighting SC-FC coupling as a mechanistically interpretable marker of sleep-related brain differences. Further validation in clinical and longitudinal cohorts is needed.
The effect of rTMS combined with physical exercise on people with methamphetamine use disorders: An acute experimental study.
Wang K, Li Y, Long S … +3 more , Zhang T, Yang Y, Luo J
J Psychiatr Res · 2026 Jul · PMID 41864036 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: The benefits of acute physical exercise for substance use disorders have received extensive attention, but it is currently unclear whether adding repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) based on e...
BACKGROUND: The benefits of acute physical exercise for substance use disorders have received extensive attention, but it is currently unclear whether adding repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) based on exercise can achieve the superposition of benefits. This study aims to explore the acute effect and potential mechanism of rTMS combined with physical exercise on people with methamphetamine use disorders (MUD), and reveal the differences in effects among different models. METHODS: 64 men with MUD were randomly divided into the physical exercise group (PEG), low-frequency rTMS + physical exercise group (LF rTMS + PEG), high-frequency rTMS + physical exercise group (HF rTMS + PEG), and control group (CG) by an acute experimental study. The PEG was required to complete 35 min of moderate-intensity physical exercise, and the LF- and HF rTMS + PEG were required to complete the 1Hz and 10Hz rTMS tasks of 10 min based on the exercise group, respectively, while the CG only performed the reading task. RESULTS: Three acute interventions not only significantly reduce depression, anxiety, and psychological cravings in people with MUD but also enhance internal inhibition (particularly in the HF rTMS + PEG) and increase the levels of DA, β-EP, and 5-HT in the blood. Meanwhile, these acute effects persisted for up to 60 min post-intervention (except for anxiety), and the HF rTMS + PEG demonstrated relatively stronger sustainability of these effects. Moreover, electrophysiological data revealed that compared to neutral cues, people with MUD exhibited abnormal prefrontal activation (manifested as significantly lower Fz-alpha wave power) when exposed to drug-related cues at baseline. Then all three intervention groups showed significantly increased Fz-alpha wave power during drug-cue tasks immediately after intervention, and both the LF rTMS + PEG and HF rTMS + PEG maintained significantly higher values compared to the CG at 60 min post-intervention. CONCLUSION: A single session of moderate-intensity physical exercise demonstrates acute benefits for both psychological and physiological withdrawal recovery in people with MUD. More importantly, it is essential to combine rTMS (particularly 10 Hz) with physical exercise, as this integrated approach can strengthen the sustainability of benefits and serve as an effective supplementary method to promote both physical and psychological recovery in this population.
Treatment approach Robin: Clinical applicability of a standardised manual and smartphone app for adolescents at clinical high risk for psychosis.
Traber-Walker N, Bühlmann C, Gerstenberg M … +5 more , Metzler S, Probst F, Voets E, Walitza S, Franscini M
J Psychiatr Res · 2026 Jul · PMID 41861442 · Publisher ↗
Although the clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis seems to be frequent in adolescents and associated with a marked reduction in functioning in this age group, there is a lack of evidence-based treatment strategies and...
Although the clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis seems to be frequent in adolescents and associated with a marked reduction in functioning in this age group, there is a lack of evidence-based treatment strategies and research within this population. To address these gaps, a standardised manual and supporting smartphone app was developed for adolescents at CHR for psychosis. This study evaluates the feasibility and acceptability of implementing this combined approach in a naturalistic clinical trial. A total of 40 help-seeking adolescents (67% female) meeting the CHR for psychosis aged 13-18 years (mean age 15.86) were recruited. The treatment programme was completed by 85% (n = 34) of the patients. Patients showed high satisfaction with the overall intervention (mean 62.3 out of 76) and all participants stated that they would recommend the app to peers. There were significant changes (p < .001) in the anticipated direction in attenuated positive symptoms (F(1, 33) = 181.42, p < .001), comorbidities (F(2,66) = 38.93, p < .001), global functionality (F(2,66) = 65.05, p < .001), self-efficacy (F(1,29.8) = 7.93, p = .005) and quality of life (F(1,27) = 25.69, p < .001) comparing pre- and post-intervention. To the best of the authors knowledge, this is one of the first studies for adolescents at CHR for psychosis using a standardised treatment manual in combination with a smartphone app, both developed particularly for these patients by experienced clinicians. Future testing of the efficacy seems feasible and the findings could be an important contribution to the field of early interventions for psychosis as well as eMental health.
Letter to the editor: Confounding, selection bias, and reverse causation severely limit interpretation of Auger (2025) paper examining association between abortion and mental health outcomes.
Schummers L, Nethery E, Norman WV
J Psychiatr Res · 2026 Jul · PMID 41861441 · Publisher ↗
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
Neurofeedback interventions for obsessive-compulsive and related disorders: Current evidence and future directions.
Zhang K, Trambaiolli L, Zhao Z … +2 more , Taschereau-Dumouchel V, Feusner JD
J Psychiatr Res · 2026 Jul · PMID 41855824 · Full text
Obsessive-compulsive and related disorders (OCRDs) are characterized by obsessions, compulsive or repetitive behaviors, hoarding and saving, or recurrent body-focused repetitive behaviors. Although pharmacological, cogni...
Obsessive-compulsive and related disorders (OCRDs) are characterized by obsessions, compulsive or repetitive behaviors, hoarding and saving, or recurrent body-focused repetitive behaviors. Although pharmacological, cognitive-behavioral, or behavioral therapies provide relief for many for these conditions, a substantial proportion respond insufficiently or experience relapses. Neurofeedback (NF) enables individuals to self-modulate neural activity in real time and has been explored as a non-invasive neuromodulation strategy in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), the only OCRD in which NF has been empirically tested to date. Conventional electroencephalogram-based (EEG-NF) and functional magnetic resonance imaging-based (fMRI-NF) protocols have demonstrated that patients can learn to regulate oscillatory activity or region-specific blood-oxygen-level-dependent signals, with some studies reporting symptom improvements. However, heterogeneity in targets, limited personalization, and modest clinical effects constrain conclusions regarding efficacy and scalability. This narrative review synthesizes the existing empirical evidence of NF studies to-date. In addition, it highlights the potential for decoded neurofeedback (DecNef) as a next-generation NF method. Unlike conventional NF, DecNef leverages multivoxel pattern analysis to reinforce distributed neural representations, in some cases without explicit awareness or symptom exposure, and may allow greater precision and personalization of circuit-level interventions. We discuss how DecNef can address limitations of traditional NF and outline its potential translational applications across the OCRD spectrum. By integrating current empirical findings with a forward-looking precision psychiatry framework, this review offers ideas for conceptual and methodological advances for targeting dysfunctional neural systems underlying OCRDs.
FKBP5 splice variant alterations in the human cortex of psychiatric disorders.
Kaul D, Edmond KZ, Czamara D … +8 more , Martinelli S, Ködel M, Gassen NC, Tao R, Kleinman JE, Hyde TM, Binder EB, Matosin N
J Psychiatr Res · 2026 Jun · PMID 41849885 · Publisher ↗
Exposure to high levels of adversity, such as maltreatment or geopolitical conflict, is a robust risk factor for severe psychiatric illness and is often associated with reduced treatment efficacy. The glucocorticoid rece...
Exposure to high levels of adversity, such as maltreatment or geopolitical conflict, is a robust risk factor for severe psychiatric illness and is often associated with reduced treatment efficacy. The glucocorticoid receptor co-chaperone FK506 Binding Protein 51 (FKBP51), encoded by FKBP5 (chromosome 6p21.31), is a key regulator of the cortisol-induced stress response and a potential therapeutic target for stress-related psychiatric disorders. FKBP5 induction is moderated by a complex interplay of clinically relevant features including age and genotype, however, little is known about the role of mRNA splicing and the resulting protein isoforms in the human brain. Here, we characterise the expression profiles of three minor FKBP5 transcript variants (variants 2-4) in a large cohort of postmortem human brain samples from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of individuals who lived with a major psychiatric disorder (schizophrenia/major depressive disorder/bipolar disorder; n = 329) and controls (n = 231). Overall, expression of variant 3 (encoding full-length FKBP51) and variant 4 (encoding truncated FKBP51) showed the same neurotypical ageing trajectory as variant 1, while the lowly expressed variant 2 (encoding full-length FKBP51) showed no association with ageing past adolescence. In individuals with schizophrenia and major depressive disorder, we found increased expression of the same variants which may be partly moderated by genotype, given rs1360780 risk allele carriers had increased abundance of variants 3 and 4, but not variant 2. These findings suggest that in the human dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, minor FKBP5 mRNA splice variants follow a similar pattern of expression as the predominant variant 1.
Network of positive affect and depression in older adults: Twin study.
Hopkins EG, Leman PJ, Cervin M … +4 more , Numbers K, Brodaty H, Sachdev PS, Medvedev ON
J Psychiatr Res · 2026 Jun · PMID 41849884 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: Higher levels of positive affect (PA) are consistently associated with lower depressive symptoms in older adults; however, the relative importance of specific PA components remain unclear. This study examined...
OBJECTIVES: Higher levels of positive affect (PA) are consistently associated with lower depressive symptoms in older adults; however, the relative importance of specific PA components remain unclear. This study examined which discrete PA facets show the strongest associations with depressive symptoms and whether these associations reflect genetic or environmental influences using twin methodology and longitudinal network analysis. METHODS: Data were drawn from 540 older twins (mean age = 71 years, 65% female) participating in the Older Australian Twins Study across three waves spanning four years. PA was assessed using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), and depressive symptoms were measured using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15). Additive genetic, common environmental, and unique environmental (ACE) models were applied to estimate variance components. Bayesian Gaussian Graphical Models were used to characterise affective networks, Directed Acyclic Graphs examined conditional directional associations, and hierarchical regression analyses tested longitudinal associations between baseline PA components and subsequent depressive symptoms. RESULTS: ACE modelling indicated that overall PA was predominantly influenced by environmental factors (53.1%), whereas depressive symptoms showed a stronger genetic contribution (59.5%). Across twin pairs and timepoints, network analyses consistently identified enthusiasm as the most central PA component. Enthusiasm and feeling active showed the strongest negative associations with depressive symptoms (partial correlations ranging from -0.12 to -0.18). Longitudinally, enthusiasm showed stronger concurrent associations with depressive symptoms, whereas feeling active demonstrated more sustained associations over the four-year follow-up. These patterns were consistent across monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs. CONCLUSIONS: Specific PA states, particularly feeling enthusiastic and feeling active, show consistent associations with depressive symptoms in older adulthood and appear largely environmentally influenced. These findings highlight discrete emotional experiences that may be relevant targets for low-risk, non-pharmacological strategies aimed at supporting psychological well-being in aging populations, while complementing established approaches to depression prevention and treatment.
Transient frontal spectral events from EEG predict antidepressant response to sertraline in depression.
Waller DA, Carpenter LL, Jones SR
J Psychiatr Res · 2026 Jun · PMID 41849883 · Full text
Resting-state scalp electroencephalography (EEG) is a promising method for predicting patient outcomes of antidepressant treatments. Machine-learning-based EEG analyses of averaged power features (APF) have predicted ant...
Resting-state scalp electroencephalography (EEG) is a promising method for predicting patient outcomes of antidepressant treatments. Machine-learning-based EEG analyses of averaged power features (APF) have predicted antidepressant responders in standalone samples but have not yet significantly impacted clinical care. Here, we applied new approaches for analyzing transient spectral event features (SEF) - single, short-lived increases in non-averaged power - in efforts to improve prediction of antidepressant response and yield novel mechanistic biomarkers of readiness to respond. We analyzed resting-state EEG data from the Establishing Moderators and Biosignatures of Antidepressant Response in Clinical Care (EMBARC) trial, fitting linear elastic net models predicting depression score change post-treatment from pre-treatment SEF from frontal channels. We found that a model containing SEF only significantly predicted depression score changes rather than categorical response outcomes, and that its performance was similar to existing published models with APF alone. Additionally, a model including both SEF and APF outperformed both the others, emphasizing the utility of including SEF in models using EEG features for predicting antidepressant response to sertraline. We further investigated the most predictive SEF from the SEF only model, with the objective of revealing channel-level biomarkers to guide mechanistic insight into antidepressant response. We found that pre-treatment frontopolar beta duration was significantly correlated with depression score change, with greater degree of symptom response linked to shorter beta events at baseline. This finding replicates prior work on frontopolar beta duration as a possible biomarker of antidepressant response in rTMS and raises the possibility that beta events may be a cross-modal therapeutic biomarker in antidepressant treatment.
Corrigendum to "The effect of bilateral high-definition γ-tACS on negative symptoms and mismatch negativity in schizophrenia" [188 (2025) 43-51].
Liu W, Wan L, Chen Y … +2 more , Fei L, Liu H
J Psychiatr Res · 2026 Jun · PMID 41844074 · Publisher ↗
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
Hippocampal subregional structure and function alterations in patients with major depressive disorder with mixed features.
Chen X, Xu P, Ye S … +13 more , Zhao H, Li Y, Ye X, Zhang S, Gui Y, Wu R, Jiang C, Chen J, Pan F, Shang D, Che X, Cui D, Huang M
J Psychiatr Res · 2026 Jun · PMID 41831371 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: The pathophysiological mechanism of major depressive disorder with mixed features (MDDMF) is not fully understood. This study aimed to identify alterations in hippocampal subregional structure and function in...
BACKGROUND: The pathophysiological mechanism of major depressive disorder with mixed features (MDDMF) is not fully understood. This study aimed to identify alterations in hippocampal subregional structure and function in patients with MDDMF compared with patients with major depressive disorder without mixed features (MDDnonMF). METHOD: Seventy-three participants (20 MDDMF, 29 MDDnonMF, and 24 healthy controls) underwent 3.0-T MRI. Hippocampal subfield volumes were quantified, and seed-based RSFC was examined for subfields showing group differences. RESULTS: Compared with MDDnonMF, the MDDMF group showed smaller volumes in the right cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) body and right cornu ammonis 3 (CA3) body (FDR-corrected), whereas the left hippocampal fissure reduction was exploratory (not surviving FDR correction). Additionally, MDDMF patients displayed lower RSFC between right CA1 body and right inferior temporal gyrus (ITG), higher RSFC between left hippocampal fissure and right pallidum. In the pooled MDD cohort, there were positive correlations between the Clinically Useful Depression Outcome Scale supplemented with questions for the DSM-5 mixed features specifier (CUDOS-M) scores and RSFC between left hippocampal fissure and right pallidum, and negative correlations between CUDOS-M scores and RSFC between right CA1 body and right ITG. LIMITATION: The relatively small sample size of each subgroup. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest structural and functional abnormalities of the hippocampus in MDDMF, which provides new insights into the pathophysiology of MDDMF.
Effectiveness and factors associated with esketamine response during the 4-week induction period for treatment-resistant depression: post-hoc analysis of the real-world ESKALE study.
Samalin L, Rothärmel M, Mekaoui L … +6 more , Sauvaget A, Wicart C, Gaudre-Wattine E, Cohignac V, Malatesta A, Dupin J
J Psychiatr Res · 2026 Jun · PMID 41831252 · Publisher ↗
In patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD), the efficacy and tolerance of intranasal esketamine (ESK) spray, alone or combined with oral antidepressants, has been supported by clinical trials and observational...
In patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD), the efficacy and tolerance of intranasal esketamine (ESK) spray, alone or combined with oral antidepressants, has been supported by clinical trials and observational studies. The French real-world ESKALE study assessed the benefit of ESK in 157 patients with TRD. In this post-hoc analysis of the ESKALE study we aimed to describe the evolution of depressive symptoms (using the Montgomery Åsberg Depression Rating Scale [MADRS]) and to identify potential factors associated with response during the 4-week induction treatment period. Data from 128 patients were analyzed. The mean MADRS total score (after adjusting) significantly decreased during the first week of ESK treatment by 7.5 points (95% CI: 9.2 to -5.7; p < 0.001) and at W4 by 13.5 points (95% CI: 15.3 to -11.8; p < 0.001). The response rate (MADRS total score reduced by ≥ 50%) continually increased during the 4-week induction treatment period: from 19.4% at W1 to 47.4% at W4. Multivariate analysis identified the occurrence of dissociation during the first week of treatment to be significant factor associated with ESK response at W1 (odds ratio: 3.30 [95% CI: 1.19 to 9.13]; p = 0.021]). No other factors were significantly associated with ESK response at W1 or W4. This post-hoc analysis provides further evidence of a rapid response after ESK initiation in patients with TRD and that early dissociation may play a role in treatment response. However, future research is needed to investigate prognostic factors associated with ESK response in patients with TRD.
Metabolic parameters as a predictor of relapse in patients with schizophrenia undergoing tapering of antipsychotics.
Mølgaard SN, Nøstdal A, Nielsen J … +1 more , Nielsen MØ
J Psychiatr Res · 2026 Jun · PMID 41825325 · Publisher ↗
Identifying patients at high risk of relapse during antipsychotic tapering remains a significant clinical challenge. This study aims to investigate whether a higher metabolic baseline is associated with increased risk of...
Identifying patients at high risk of relapse during antipsychotic tapering remains a significant clinical challenge. This study aims to investigate whether a higher metabolic baseline is associated with increased risk of relapse in a cohort of 83 patients with schizophrenia undergoing tapering of antipsychotic medication. We used data from a tapering program that tapered antipsychotics in patients with schizophrenia during a period of six months, and patients were invited for a re-examination 12 months after baseline. We only collected blood samples at baseline. Mean age was 38.6 (SD 11.63) years. Baseline Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale total score was 62 (SD 14.6) and baseline mean antipsychotic dose was 403 mg (SD 307.8 mg) chlorpromazine equivalent. After 12 months, 29 (35%) patients had experienced relapse which was associated with a higher LDL baseline (3.16 mmol/L ±0.94 [122 mg/dL]) than stable patients (2.56 mmol/L ±0.80 [99 mg/dL] P = 0.001). In a binary logistic regression, increased LDL was associated with an increased risk of developing relapse during tapering (adjusted odds ratio 2.09, [1.11, 3.93], p = 0.022). The underlying mechanism behind an association between plasma-lipids and clinical stability remains largely unknown, indicating that new hypotheses are called for.
The cortisol awakening response in women with episodic migraine receiving acceptance and commitment therapy.
Paschali M, Bernstein CA, Paschalis T … +3 more , Afsarifard K, Rist PM, Lazaridou A
J Psychiatr Res · 2026 Jun · PMID 41825324 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: The cortisol awakening response (CAR) is a core biomarker of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis regulation. Nevertheless, studies of HPA-axis function among migraine patients are scarce and equivocal....
BACKGROUND: The cortisol awakening response (CAR) is a core biomarker of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis regulation. Nevertheless, studies of HPA-axis function among migraine patients are scarce and equivocal. This study's objective was to investigate the association between CAR and psychosocial outcomes in migraine patients receiving Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). METHODS: Episodic migraine patients (N = 32) randomized to receive 8 group ACT sessions completed self-report questionnaires assessing headache-related disability, depression and anxiety, pain catastrophizing, distress tolerance and perceived stress, before and after the intervention. Salivary cortisol samples were also collected at 3 timepoints (awakening (cortisol), 15-, and 45-min post-awakening) pre-post intervention and the CAR was calculated. Pre-post differences of all cortisol measures and correlations between them and all assessed clinical outcomes, were calculated. Multiple linear regression was used to assess the relationships between these factors. RESULTS: Pre-post awakening cortisol values were within normal range. The CAR and awakening cortisol did not change significantly pre-post. At baseline, the awakening cortisol was positively correlated with headache-related disability and the CAR was negatively correlated with depression. Results from multiple linear regression indicated that baseline CAR showed a trend-level association with migraine-related disability after controlling for baseline pain catastrophizing and depression. CONCLUSIONS: The analysis of salivary samples from women with episodic migraines before and after ACT indicates that the CAR may hold a promise as a related to treatment response in migraine-related disability. Future research with larger and more diverse groups is needed to confirm and extend these preliminary findings.
The risk of schizophrenia or psychosis following traumatic brain injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Chu TY, Wu CC, Xu ZX … +4 more , Chiang YH, Hsueh SC, Ou JC, Chen KY
J Psychiatr Res · 2026 Jun · PMID 41819669 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been linked to an elevated risk of developing schizophrenia or psychosis, yet the extent of this risk and the factors that may modify it remain unclear. This meta-analysis aim...
BACKGROUND: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been linked to an elevated risk of developing schizophrenia or psychosis, yet the extent of this risk and the factors that may modify it remain unclear. This meta-analysis aimed to quantify the overall risk and examine the influence of demographic and clinical variables. METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Databases including PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were searched for studies reporting the incidence of schizophrenia or psychosis following TBI. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated using random-effects models. Subgroup analyses examined the effects of sex, age, TBI severity, and follow-up duration. RESULTS: Eleven studies met inclusion criteria. The pooled OR was 3.07 (95% CI: 1.95-4.84) and the pooled HR was 3.55 (95% CI: 2.17-5.80), confirming a significant association between TBI and psychosis. Subgroup analyses revealed elevated risks across sex and age groups, with particularly high risk among adults and individuals with moderate-to-severe TBI. Longer follow-up durations were associated with greater risk, suggesting a delayed onset pattern. CONCLUSIONS: TBI significantly increases the risk of schizophrenia or psychosis, especially in adults and those with severe injuries. These findings underscore the need for long-term psychiatric monitoring in individuals with a history of TBI.
The efficacy of psychotherapeutic and pharmacological interventions for trichotillomania: A review and meta-analysis.
Fisak B, Shorb C, Patel D … +1 more , Ezcurra V
J Psychiatr Res · 2026 Jun · PMID 41812482 · Publisher ↗
This study provides an updated meta-analytic review of the efficacy of pharmacological and psychotherapeutic interventions for trichotillomania (TTM) based on randomized clinical trials. Both standard and network meta-an...
This study provides an updated meta-analytic review of the efficacy of pharmacological and psychotherapeutic interventions for trichotillomania (TTM) based on randomized clinical trials. Both standard and network meta-analyses were conducted. Based on extensive searches, 29 trials met the inclusion criteria for standard meta-analysis and 30 met the criteria for network meta-analysis. When considering both the magnitude of effect sizes and replication, strong support was found for the efficacy of three interventions: behavioral therapy with habit reversal, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy-enhanced habit reversal therapy, and N-acetylcysteine. It is noteworthy that other promising interventions exhibited relatively large effect sizes; however, these interventions lacked replication, suggesting the need for subsequent clinical trials. In general, psychotherapeutic interventions that involved habit reversal were found to be superior to interventions without habit reversal. Finally, in contrast to previous reviews, the current study did not find consistent support for the efficacy of clonazepam. Limitations and directions for future research are discussed.
Acceptability of suvorexant versus lemborexant: An inverse probability of treatment weighting analysis.
Hatano K, Hatano M, Araki H … +4 more , Sakuma K, Saito T, Kishi T, Yamada S
J Psychiatr Res · 2026 Jun · PMID 41806784 · Publisher ↗
We conducted a retrospective study using medical records from Fujita Health University Hospital to evaluate the treatment discontinuation rates of suvorexant and lemborexant in patients with insomnia and to clarify diffe...
We conducted a retrospective study using medical records from Fujita Health University Hospital to evaluate the treatment discontinuation rates of suvorexant and lemborexant in patients with insomnia and to clarify differences in treatment acceptability. This study included patients newly prescribed suvorexant or lemborexant in the Department of Psychiatry between July 2020 and December 2022. The primary endpoint of the study was the discontinuation rate of suvorexant and lemborexant at 4 weeks. Discontinuation due to adverse events and lack of efficacy were assessed as secondary outcomes. The medical records of 1404 patients who were initiated on a dual orexin receptor antagonist during the study period were reviewed, and 1091 patients were included in the final analysis (suvorexant, 323; lemborexant, 768). We estimated the average treatment effect using the inverse probability of treatment weighting based on the propensity score. Discontinuation rates due to all-cause or adverse events did not differ significantly between the two drugs. However, the discontinuation rate due to lack of efficacy was significantly lower for lemborexant (4.9%; 38/768) compared to suvorexant (7.1%; 23/323), with an odds ratio of 0.63 (95% confidence interval, 0.48-0.83). This exploratory finding suggests a potential difference in treatment acceptability associated with efficacy between suvorexant and lemborexant in routine clinical practice, warranting further investigation.
"There is something wrong with me as a person": Extreme negative beliefs about oneself are associated with trauma-related dissociative symptoms.
Pan X, Palermo CA, Bair ZA … +10 more , Hill SB, Kaplan CS, Marr MC, Modell RL, Purcell JB, Shanahan ME, Swee MB, Robinson MA, Kaufman ML, Lebois LAM
J Psychiatr Res · 2026 Jun · PMID 41806783 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Posttraumatic cognitions, extreme negative beliefs about oneself, others, and the world following traumatic experiences, play a significant role in the development and maintenance of posttraumatic stress diso...
BACKGROUND: Posttraumatic cognitions, extreme negative beliefs about oneself, others, and the world following traumatic experiences, play a significant role in the development and maintenance of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). These cognitions may do the same for trauma-related dissociation - disruptions in the integration of consciousness and identity; however, this has yet to be tested. Understanding mechanisms underlying dissociation is crucial for improving interventions, as dissociation can negatively impact functioning and is linked to increased risk of suicide. METHOD: We investigated the relationship between posttraumatic cognitions and pathological dissociation among 107 treatment-seeking adults with PTSD and varied dissociative symptoms. Participants completed self-report measures of childhood trauma, dissociation, PTSD symptoms, and posttraumatic cognitions before and after receiving empirically based trauma-focused treatment. RESULTS: Multiple regression analyses revealed that posttraumatic cognitions were significantly associated with dissociation after controlling for demographic variables, childhood trauma severity, and baseline PTSD symptoms. Furthermore, decreases in posttraumatic cognitions over the course of treatment were significantly associated with simultaneous decreases in dissociation severity. CONCLUSION: Our findings highlight posttraumatic cognitions, in particular negative self-cognitions, as a potential fruitful treatment target for trauma-related dissociation. Future research should investigate the effectiveness of psychotherapeutic interventions in reducing posttraumatic cognitions and dissociative symptoms.
The dual role of GLP-1 receptor agonists in weight management and eating disorders: Potential benefits and risks.
Leziak A, Kochman K, Kocełak P
J Psychiatr Res · 2026 Jun · PMID 41806782 · Publisher ↗
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have emerged as effective therapies for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity, as they improve glycaemic control, promote weight loss and modulate metabolic proc...
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have emerged as effective therapies for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity, as they improve glycaemic control, promote weight loss and modulate metabolic processes. However, their potent appetite-suppressing effects pose a complex challenge in patients with or at risk of eating disorders (EDs). This narrative review examines the dual role of GLP-1RAs in weight management and in the development or exacerbation of EDs, such as binge eating disorder (BED) and bulimia nervosa (BN). GLP-1RAs have been reported to reduce binge-eating episodes in some trials, but evidence is limited and often inconsistent due to small sample sizes. Conversely, psychiatric adverse effects - including anxiety, depression and disordered eating behaviours - have been observed, raising concerns about the use of these medications in individuals susceptible to EDs. There are case reports of extreme appetite suppression, pathological dietary restriction and psychiatric complications with GLP-1RA therapy, sometimes necessitating discontinuation. Moreover, GLP-1RAs influence brain reward pathways, which may further complicate their impact on eating behaviours. Although these drugs hold promise for mitigating certain ED symptoms, this review highlights the need for caution when prescribing GLP-1RAs to patients with disordered eating and calls for further research to delineate their benefits and risks in this population.
From childhood abuse and lack of social support to intimate partner violence: The mediating role of impulsivity and attentional functioning.
Gheorghe AA, Comes-Fayos J, Lila M … +2 more , Romero-Martínez Á, Moya-Albiol L
J Psychiatr Res · 2026 Jun · PMID 41806781 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Childhood maltreatment and limited social support are established risk factors for intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW), yet the self-regulatory mechanisms linking them to perpetration remain uncle...
BACKGROUND: Childhood maltreatment and limited social support are established risk factors for intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW), yet the self-regulatory mechanisms linking them to perpetration remain unclear. We tested whether impulsivity and sustained attention mediate the associations between childhood abuse, perceived social support, and IPVAW perpetration and recidivism. METHODS: 211 convicted male perpetrators (M = 40.7 years) completed validated self-report and performance measures: Revised Conflict Tactics Scales-Parent-Child (childhood physical/psychological abuse), Functional Social Support Questionnaire, Revised Conflict Tactics Scales (current psychological, physical, sexual aggression, injury), Spousal Assault Risk Assessment, Plutchik Impulsivity Scale, and Conners CPT-3 (attention variability). Simple mediation models were estimated with PROCESS (10,000 bootstrap resamples), controlling for sociodemographic variables. To address multiple testing, we adjusted using Benjamini-Hochberg false discovery rate (BH-FDR). RESULTS: Childhood physical and psychological abuse were positively associated with adult physical aggression and with recidivism risk toward others. Across outcomes, impulsivity showed robust indirect effects (β_indirect = .035-.078; q < .05) and consistent with full mediation. Lower perceived social support predicted higher partner-directed recidivism risk; the indirect effect via attentional variability was nominally significant (β_indirect = -.244, 95% CI excludes 0) but did not survive BH-FDR correction (q = .078) and is therefore considered exploratory. Models explained 5-13% of outcome variance. CONCLUSIONS: Impulsivity represents a key cognitive control pathway linking childhood maltreatment to IPVAW-related outcomes in convicted perpetrators, supporting intervention targets focused on self-regulatory control. Attention-related mechanisms may contribute to the association between social support and recidivism risk, but this pathway requires confirmatory replication.
Sabinene's neuroprotective effect reverses ketamine-induced experimental schizophrenia in mice through enhancement of cholinergic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory mechanisms.
Ben-Azu L, Onyeukwu OB, Chijioke BS … +5 more , Oboh M, Esuku DT, Adeleke P, Onuelu JE, Ben-Azu B
J Psychiatr Res · 2026 Jun · PMID 41806780 · Publisher ↗
Schizophrenia is a serious neuropsychiatric disorder marked by oxidative stress, immune system changes, and neurochemical imbalances. Current treatments are constrained by inconsistent effectiveness and side effects. Thi...
Schizophrenia is a serious neuropsychiatric disorder marked by oxidative stress, immune system changes, and neurochemical imbalances. Current treatments are constrained by inconsistent effectiveness and side effects. This study evaluates the neuroprotective effects of sabinene, a monoterpene, in a mouse model of ketamine-induced schizophrenia. Male mice received ketamine (20 mg/kg/day, i.p.) for 14 days to induce schizophrenia-like deficits, followed by treatment with sabinene (5 or 10 mg/kg, p.o.) or risperidone (0.5 mg/kg, p.o.) from days 8-14. Neurochemical analyses assessed oxidative stress markers, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione (GSH), thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS), and nitrite. This was followed by assays of acetylcholinesterase activity and levels of cytokines (IL-6 and IL-10) in the prefrontal cortex, striatum, and hippocampus. Ketamine-induced hyperactivity, social withdrawal and memory impairment compared to the ketamine group, which were reversed by sabinene. Sabinene (10 mg/kg) and risperidone restored SOD, GST, and CAT activities, GSH concentration, and reduced TBARS and nitrite concentrations across regions. The increased IL6 and reduced IL-10 levels by ketamine were reversed by sabinene in the prefrontal cortex, striatum, and hippocampus compared to the ketamine groups. Sabinene (10 mg/kg) also attenuated acetylcholinesterase activity in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. The 5 mg/kg dose showed limited efficacy, indicating dose-dependency. Sabinene's efficacy, comparable to risperidone, involves enhancement of the cholinergic system and inhibition of oxidative/nitrergic stress and brain inflammation, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent for schizophrenia by improving cholinergic transmission deficits. Further mechanistic and clinical studies are warranted to optimize sabinene's therapeutic benefits and antipsychotic-like potential.
About
- Frequency
- Sun
- Papers found
- 200
- RSS feed
- Subscribe