Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol [JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Gap junction protein connexin43 and tunneling nanotubes in human trabecular meshwork cells.
Li X
Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol · 2019 · PMID 31777645
Intercellular communication via gap junctions and tunneling nanotubes (TNT) play pivotal roles for cell differentiation and proliferation and homeostasis. Intercellular communication has been found in human trabecular me...
Intercellular communication via gap junctions and tunneling nanotubes (TNT) play pivotal roles for cell differentiation and proliferation and homeostasis. Intercellular communication has been found in human trabecular meshwork cells, which are key elements for allowing the direct passing aqueous humor and for maintaining the homeostasis of intraocular pressure. Here we showed the expression of gap junction protein connexin43 in human trabecular meshwork cells, and the presence of TNTs in these cells labeled with enhanced GFP generated using highly efficient lentiviral transduction. More importantly, the TNTs in human trabecular meshwork cells were significantly reduced after shRNA or CRISPR Cas9 mediated knockdown of Cx43 in these cells. The results indicated that gap junction protein connexin43 may play an important role in TNTs formation in human trabecular meshwork cells.
Nitric oxide represses the proliferation of Caco-2 cells by inducing S-G/M cell cycle arrest.
Sakuma S, Ikeda Y, Inoue I … +5 more , Yamaguchi K, Honkawa S, Kohda T, Minamino S, Fujimoto Y
Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol · 2019 · PMID 31777644
There is conflicting data regarding the ability of nitric oxide (NO) to promote or inhibit colorectal cancer cell proliferation. Furthermore, NO reacts rapidly with endogenous superoxide at a diffusion-controlled rate to...
There is conflicting data regarding the ability of nitric oxide (NO) to promote or inhibit colorectal cancer cell proliferation. Furthermore, NO reacts rapidly with endogenous superoxide at a diffusion-controlled rate to give peroxynitrite (ONOO), a strong oxidant and nitrating agent. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of exogenous NO and ONOO on the proliferation of the colorectal cancer cell line Caco-2. NOR5 and SIN-1 were used as NO and ONOO donors, respectively. Both NOR5 and SIN-1 inhibited the proliferation of the Caco-2 cells; however, the effect of NOR5 was slightly stronger than that of SIN-1. The results also indicated that NO plays a major role in the inhibition of SIN-1-induced proliferation of Caco-2 cells. The results of a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay, cell cycle analysis, and p21 protein expression measurement further indicated that NO induced S-G/M phase arrest, but not apoptosis, in the Caco-2 cells. The results suggest that NO, rather than ONOO, has the potential to repress the proliferation of Caco-2 cells by inducing S-G/M cell cycle arrest.
Role of mitochondrial depolarization and disrupted mitochondrial homeostasis in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and fibrosis in mice.
Krishnasamy Y, Gooz M, Li L … +2 more , Lemasters JJ, Zhong Z
Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol · 2019 · PMID 31777643
The pathogenesis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is poorly understood. Here, relationships between mitochondrial depolarization (mtDepo) and mitochondrial homeostasis were studied in a mouse model of NASH. C57BL/...
The pathogenesis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is poorly understood. Here, relationships between mitochondrial depolarization (mtDepo) and mitochondrial homeostasis were studied in a mouse model of NASH. C57BL/6 mice were fed a Western diet (high fat, fructose and cholesterol) for 2 weeks, 2 months and 6 months, and livers were harvested for histology and biochemical analysis. Hepatic mtDepo was evaluated by intravital multiphoton microscopy. After Western diet feeding, mixed hepatic micro- and macrovesicular steatosis and leukocyte infiltration occurred at 2 weeks and continued to increase afterwards. ALT release, mild necrosis, apoptosis, and ballooning degeneration were present at 2 and 6 months. Smooth muscle α-actin expression increased at 2 weeks and longer, and increased collagen-I expression and mild fibrosis occurred at 6 months. After feeding Western diet for 2 weeks and longer, mtDepo appeared in 50-70% hepatocytes, indicating mitochondrial dysfunction at an early stage of NASH. mtDepo can initiate mitophagy, and mitophagic markers increased at 2 and 6 months. Concurrently autophagic processing became impaired. Oxidative phosphorylation proteins, mitochondrial biogenesis signals, and proteins associated with mitochondrial fission and fusion decreased after 2 months and longer of Western diet. Proinflammatory and profibrotic signaling (NLRP3 inflammasome activation, expression of IL-1, osteopontin and TGF-β1) also increased in association with mitochondrial stress/dysfunction after Western diet feeding. Taken together, we show that hepatic mtDepo occurs early in mice fed a Western diet, followed by increased mitophagic burden, suppressed mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics, and mitochondrial depletion. These novel mitochondrial alterations in NASH most likely play an important role in promoting steatosis, inflammation, and progression to fibrosis.
Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes do not promote the proliferation of cancer cells .
Karaoz E, Sun E, Demir CS
Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol · 2019 · PMID 31523364
Nowadays, the use of Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in clinical therapies have an increased acceleration, while it constitutes two sides of yin-yang with its ameliorating effects in regenerative medicine and promoting eff...
Nowadays, the use of Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in clinical therapies have an increased acceleration, while it constitutes two sides of yin-yang with its ameliorating effects in regenerative medicine and promoting effects in carcinogenesis. It has been shown that the treatment activities of MSCs are mediated by paracrine factors secreted. These paracrine factors are transmitting via exosomes secreted from MSCs. With the understanding of this mechanism, cell-free therapies have begun to create a new path in MSC based therapies. At this point, two sides of the yin-yang have once again become controversial. In addition, there are conflicting study results in the literature. Due to this contradiction, we have designed this study to demonstrate the role of MSCs in the carcinogenesis process and we investigated the proliferation effect of MSC-derived exosomes on cancer cell lines. Two parallel experimental setups were established, as an experimental group, the four-different epithelial cancer cell lines and Wharton's Jelly (WJ)-MSC derived exosomes were directly co-cultured with in 6 different concentrations and simultaneously in the control group cells were cultured respectively. PKH-26 labelling was performed for detection of exosome locations in co-cultures. Each group were evaluated by WST-1 and xCelligence assays for proliferation and confirmed with PCNA staining. The results were analysed with paired t-test and Newman-Keuls comparison. The relative comparison demonstrated a significant increase in the rate of proliferation only in exosome co-cultures with WJ-MSCs and it was supported by PCNA staining. Cancer cell lines in co-cultures have not shown any significant increase neither in proliferation assays nor in PCNA staining. MSCs regulate their secretions according to the microenvironment, they have more dominant regenerative feature rather than triggering cancer proliferation.
Differences between male and female rats in alcohol drinking, negative affects and neuronal activity after acute and prolonged abstinence.
Li J, Chen P, Han X … +5 more , Zuo W, Mei Q, Bian EY, Umeugo J, Ye J
Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol · 2019 · PMID 31523363
Alcohol consumption afflicts men and women differently. However, the underlying neuronal mechanisms that contribute to the difference are mostly unexplored. Although more men suffer from alcohol use disorders (AUD), wome...
Alcohol consumption afflicts men and women differently. However, the underlying neuronal mechanisms that contribute to the difference are mostly unexplored. Although more men suffer from alcohol use disorders (AUD), women more frequently accelerate to dependence and develop adverse consequences of alcoholism sooner than men. Women also exhibit more significant negative emotions that cues more reactivity and alcohol-craving than men. Despite ample evidence that women are vulnerable to AUD, results of preclinical studies on sex differences in alcohol consumption and withdrawal-related behaviors are inconclusive. In this study, we trained adult male and female Sprague-Dawley rats to drink alcohol in the intermittent access to 20% ethanol two-bottle free-choice paradigm for two months. Their behaviors and Fos expression in related brain regions were measured at acute (24 h) and after prolonged (28 days) abstinence. We found that female rats drank more alcohol than males. After acute abstinence, rats of both sexes showed higher sensitivity to depressive, thermal, and mechanical stimuli. Females also displayed higher anxiety levels. After prolonged abstinence, rats of both sexes displayed depressive-like behaviors; the males displayed allodynia; the females showed higher anxiety levels and drank more alcohol upon reaccess to alcohol. Furthermore, during acute withdrawal, Fos-positive nuclei were increased in the prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), nucleus accumbens (NAc), amygdala and lateral habenula (LHb) in the females, versus only in the ACC, amygdala, and LHb in the males. Conversely, after prolonged abstinence, Fos-positive nuclei were decreased in the prefrontal cortex, ACC, and NAc in the females, but fell in the ACC, NAc, and LHb of the males. Thus, adaptations in diverse brain regions may contribute to the sex differences in behaviors in ethanol-withdrawn rats.
Antiretroviral drug-S for a possible HIV elimination.
Agas A, Schuetz H, Mishra V … +2 more , Szlachetka AM, Haorah J
Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol · 2019 · PMID 31523362
Although the combination of highly active antiretroviral therapy (cART) can remarkably control human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) replication, it fails to cure HIV/AIDS disease. It is attributed to the incapabil...
Although the combination of highly active antiretroviral therapy (cART) can remarkably control human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) replication, it fails to cure HIV/AIDS disease. It is attributed to the incapability of cART to eliminate persistent HIV-1 contained in latent reservoirs in the central nervous system (CNS) and other tissue organs. Thus, withdrawal of cART causes rebound viral replication and resurgent of HIV/AIDS. The lack of success on non-ART approaches for elimination of HIV-1 include the targeted molecules not reaching the CNS, not adjusting well with drug-resistant mutants, or unable to eliminate all components of viral life cycle. Here, we show that our newly discovered Drug-S can effectively inhibit HIV-1 infection and persistence at the low concentration without causing any toxicity to neuroimmune cells. Our results suggest that Drug-S may have a direct effect on viral structure, prevent rebounding of HIV-1 infection, and arrest progression into acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. We also observed that Drug-S is capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier, suggesting a potential antiretroviral drug for elimination of CNS viral reservoirs and self-renewal of residual HIV-1. These results outlined the possible mechanism(s) of action of Drug-S as a novel antiretroviral drug for elimination of HIV-1 replication by interfering the virion structure.
Association between obesity and craniofacial muscles sensitivity: an experimental study in pain-free subjects.
Fedders SR, Larsen LK, Huntjens P … +6 more , Sondrup MA, Thomsen MK, Kjær C, Clausen LP, Bujold G, Gazerani P
Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol · 2019 · PMID 31523361
The objective of this study was to investigate if any association exists between obesity and muscle sensitivity in the craniofacial region of healthy individuals with different body mass index (BMI). The study was design...
The objective of this study was to investigate if any association exists between obesity and muscle sensitivity in the craniofacial region of healthy individuals with different body mass index (BMI). The study was designed as a parallel single blinded investigation approved by the North Denmark Region Committee on Health Research Ethics (N-20180029). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. Subjects were divided into normal BMI (18.5-24.9 kg/m) and high BMI (≥25.0 kg/m). Measurement of body composition parameters was followed by pressure algometry applied on skin overlying masseter and temporalis muscles before and after a cold pressor test (CPT). Deltoid muscle was used as a reference point. Statistical analysis was carried out to investigate the difference in mean pressure pain threshold (PPT) values and the conditioned pain modulation (CPM) effect. Forty subjects were included (20 normal BMI and 20 high BMI). No significant difference was found in mean PPT values or mean CPM effect between the BMI groups (PPT: masseter P=0.763, temporalis P=0.425, deltoid P=0.595 and CPM effect: masseter P=0.396, temporalis P=0.463, deltoid P=0.484). Mechanical muscle sensitivity and CPM effect were sex-independent. No influence of BMI was identified on mechanical muscle sensitivity in the craniofacial region of healthy individuals.
Garlic antagonizes skeletal muscle ischemia reperfusion injury through regulating inflammation, apoptosis and desmin expression in adult male rats.
Abd El-Mottaleb NA, Mahmoud GS, Negm EA … +1 more , Abdel Maksoud FM
Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol · 2019 · PMID 31523360
BACKGROUND: Skeletal muscle injuries with subsequent bleeding is common cause of death on both sports and battle grounds. Application and removal of tourniquet is fast intervention to control hemorrhage resulting ischemi...
BACKGROUND: Skeletal muscle injuries with subsequent bleeding is common cause of death on both sports and battle grounds. Application and removal of tourniquet is fast intervention to control hemorrhage resulting ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury. The effect of IR in skeletal muscle is far more severe compared to other body tissues because of the devastating systemic complication. Garlic has beneficial effects in IR of various organs. However, using garlic in IR of skeletal muscle is deficient Goals: To investigate the possible protective effect of garlic in rat model of hind limb IR and its possible mechanisms of action. METHODS: Fifty adult male rats divided into five groups; C: control, IR: ischemia/reperfusion group subjected to 2 hours ischemia followed by 2 hours reperfusion (2/2 hr IR) and three garlic treated groups; G1+IR: 24 hr before I/R, G2+IR: 30 min before IR and G3+IR: immediately before reperfusion. We measured wet to dry weight ratio (W/D) of gastrocnemius muscle, serum creatine kinase (CK), Interleukin 1β (IL-1β), Interleukin-10 (IL-10), gastrocnemius caspase-3 and desmin expression and histopathological damage score. RESULTS: Garlic treatment caused significant decrease in W/D, serum CK, IL-1β, caspase-3 expression and significant increase in IL-10 as well as desmin expression when compared to IR group. Garlic ameliorated IR-induced histopathological damage and significantly reduced the apoptosis score. Better results obtained with earlier administration before IR. CONCLUSION: Garlic protected against IR-induced skeletal muscle damage through reducing inflammation, apoptosis score and elevating desmin expression. We recommend the earlier use of garlic as prophylactic natural medicine in skeletal muscle IR.
Neurexin-1α regulates neurite growth of rat hippocampal neurons.
Wang A, Xiang YY, Yang BB … +1 more , Lu WY
Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol · 2019 · PMID 31523359
The growth of neurites underlies the axonal pathfinding and synaptic formation during neuronal development and regeneration. Neurite growth is regulated by specific interactions between growth cone receptors and their li...
The growth of neurites underlies the axonal pathfinding and synaptic formation during neuronal development and regeneration. Neurite growth is regulated by specific interactions between growth cone receptors and their ligands that function as molecular cues existing in microenvironments. Neurexins (NRXNs) are concentrated on growth cones and they may function to constrain axonal branches of invertebrate neurons. The present study explored the role of NRXN-1α in regulating neurite growth of mammalian neurons. Results showed that transfecting an effective NRXN-1α siRNA to cultured rat hippocampal neurons significantly increased neurite length. Adding NRXN-1α ligands including neuroligin (NLGN) peptide and/or α-latrotoxin (α-LTX) to the culture media largely decreased neurite growth of naïve neurons in a Ca-dependent manner, but had no effect on neurite growth of neurons transfected with NRXN-1α siRNA. Our results suggest that NRXN-1α regulates neurite development of mammalian neurons.
Mechanism and adverse effects of multiple sclerosis drugs: a review article. Part 2.
Rafiee Zadeh A, Ghadimi K, Ataei A … +4 more , Askari M, Sheikhinia N, Tavoosi N, Falahatian M
Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol · 2019 · PMID 31523358
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune, inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) mostly affecting young adults. The exact mechanism and pathogenesis of MS remain still undiscovered but there have been u...
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune, inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) mostly affecting young adults. The exact mechanism and pathogenesis of MS remain still undiscovered but there have been useful treatments with different efficacy rates. Most of these therapies are divided into the first line, second line and third line, impact on the immune system and immune cells. These drugs are approved to be useful in MS, but like any other therapies, adverse effects (AE) are associated with these drugs. In this review, we continue the survey over mechanisms of actions and AEs of MS drugs. Physicians must be aware of such AEs and complications to choose the best drug for each patient.
Mechanism and adverse effects of multiple sclerosis drugs: a review article. Part 1.
Rafiee Zadeh A, Askari M, Azadani NN … +4 more , Ataei A, Ghadimi K, Tavoosi N, Falahatian M
Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol · 2019 · PMID 31523357
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is chronic, inflammatory, a neurologic disorder of the central nervous system (CNS). Although the exact mechanisms of MS have not been yet discovered some drugs are found helpful for its treatment...
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is chronic, inflammatory, a neurologic disorder of the central nervous system (CNS). Although the exact mechanisms of MS have not been yet discovered some drugs are found helpful for its treatment. These drugs which are divided into the first line, second line and third-line therapies, have demonstrated to be helpful for MS patients based on immune basic of the disease. Previous studies have been indicated that deterioration of MS condition is associated with a stronger immune system. Most of these therapies impact on the immune system and immune cells including shifting immune cell populations toward a Th2 dominant population or suppression of the immune system so that auto-reactive immune cells cannot attack myelin sheath of neurons. Beside many beneficial effects of these drugs, some adverse effects (AE) have been reported in many experiments and clinical trials among patients suffering from MS. In this review, we conclude some AEs of beta interferon, mitoxantrone, natalizumab and fingolimod, reported in different papers and we continue the rest of the drugs in second part of our review article.
Long-term prognosis after cancer surgery with inhalational anesthesia and total intravenous anesthesia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Jin Z, Li R, Liu J … +1 more , Lin J
Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol · 2019 · PMID 31333811
BACKGROUND: A number of teams have investigated the association between the mode of anesthesia and the long-term outcomes after cancer surgeries, with inconsistent conclusions. We conducted this systematic review and met...
BACKGROUND: A number of teams have investigated the association between the mode of anesthesia and the long-term outcomes after cancer surgeries, with inconsistent conclusions. We conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize the currently available findings of clinical studies on the long-term outcomes after cancer surgery under inhalational anesthesia with volatile anesthetics (VA) and total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) with propofol. METHODS: We systematically searched PubMed, Central, EMBASE, CINAHL, Google Scholar, Web of Science citation index, US clinical trials register, UK clinical trials register, Australia and New Zealand Clinical trials register for clinical studies comparing postoperative outcomes of VA and TIVA. The included outcomes were all-cause mortality, recurrence and recurrence free survival. Meta-analysis was done using the generic inverse variance method. RESULTS: The overall pooled hazard ratio for all-cause mortality was in favor of TIVA [Harzard ratio (HR) 0.73, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.60 to 0.89], so was the recurrence free survival (HR 1.22, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.41). The subgroup analysis of mortality in different cancer types did not show any remarkable difference between the intravenous or volatile anesthesia. There was also no significant difference in recurrence. CONCLUSION: Our meta-analysis suggests that TIVA is associated with lower all-cause mortality after cancer surgeries. As cancers of different origins can respond very differently to pharmacological intervention, more clinical trials are needed in each cancer types in order to substantiate the role of anesthesia in cancer surgery prognosis.
The effect of Korean red ginseng on mesenchymal stem cells from healthy and osteoporotic human bone marrow.
Kepekci AH, Ergul Z, Gultekin A … +1 more , Karaoz E
Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol · 2019 · PMID 31333810
BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by an increase in bone fragility as a result of decreased bone mass and weakening of the bone structure. There are studies on the relationship between osteoporosis and...
BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by an increase in bone fragility as a result of decreased bone mass and weakening of the bone structure. There are studies on the relationship between osteoporosis and hearing and balance system. The goal of this study was to compare the proliferation and osteogenesis induction properties of mesenchymal stem cells derived from healthy and osteoporotic individuals to better understand the healing properties of Korean red ginseng (KRG) and Panax ginseng-Avena Sativa-Tribulus Terrestris mixture (PAT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Osteoporotic and healthy MSCs were isolated successfully in culture conditions. The proliferation levels of cells treated with different doses of KRG and PAT were compared by Water-Soluble Tetrazolium-1 (WST-1) assay. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay was performed by selecting the most effective KRG dose in proliferation. RESULTS: Morphology of isolated cells and the expression of cell surface antigens have been detected as similar. The WST-1 assay showed that KRG was effective on the proliferation of osteoporotic cells. The levels of ALP in osteoporotic cells treated with KRG is increased depending on the differentiation day compared to healthy cells. CONCLUSION: KRG triggered an increase in intracellular ALP levels of osteoporotic MSCs. It suggests that KRG on osteoporotic cells is influential in stimulating osteogenesis and may be useful in osteoporotic patients.
Melatonin modulates inflammatory mediators and improves olanzapine-induced hepatic steatosis in rat model of schizophrenia.
Mahmoud GS, El-Deek HE
Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol · 2019 · PMID 31333809
BACKGROUND: Melatonin (Mel) has lower levels and can be used as monotherapy in schizophrenia. Mel alleviated liver steatosis induced by atypical antipsychotics. GOALS: To investigate Mel effect as monotherapy and addon t...
BACKGROUND: Melatonin (Mel) has lower levels and can be used as monotherapy in schizophrenia. Mel alleviated liver steatosis induced by atypical antipsychotics. GOALS: To investigate Mel effect as monotherapy and addon treatment on ketamine-induced behavioral changes in rat schizophrenia model and olanzapine (Ola)-induced metabolic derangement. METHODS: 24 male rats divided into four groups; C: control; O: Ola; OM: Ola plus Mel and M: Mel. All groups treated orally daily for 25 days. We measured activities of daily life (ADL) and rat performance in radial arm water maze (RAWM) before and after ketamine (Ket) injection, serum level of liver enzymes, lipoproteins, sugar, inflammatory markers and liver histopathology. RESULTS: Ket significantly reduced burrowing and hoarding behavior, increased working memory errors (WME) and time to reach target (TRT). Ola antagonized the deleterious effects of Ket on ADL, WME and TRT. Mel monotherapy significantly reduced burrowing and doesn't affect hoarding, WME or TRT in RAWM. Significant rise in ALT, AST, IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-alpha, LDL, TGs and hepatic steatosis score (HSS) in O compared to C group. Co administration of Mel significantly decreased ALT, AST, IL-1 beta, IL-6 and TNF alpha. Insignificant difference in IL-10, TGs or LDL and significant improvement in HSS in OM compared to O group. Insignificant change in HDL or blood sugar in both O and OM groups compared to C group detected. CONCLUSION: Although ineffective as monotherapy, Mel co administration provides promising natural way to improve Ola-induced hepatic derangement in psychotic disorders.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus, oxidative stress and inflammation: examining the links.
Oguntibeju OO
Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol · 2019 · PMID 31333808
Diabetes mellitus has been recognised as one of the four major non-communicable diseases that demands urgent attention from all key shareholders globally in an effort to address its prevalence and associated complication...
Diabetes mellitus has been recognised as one of the four major non-communicable diseases that demands urgent attention from all key shareholders globally in an effort to address its prevalence and associated complications. It is considered as a top 10 cause of death globally, killing about 1.6 million people worldwide and is seen as the third highest risk factor for worldwide premature mortality due to hyperglycaemia and hyperglycaemic-induced oxidative stress and inflammation. There is a strong link between hyperglycaemia, hyperglycaemic-induced oxidative stress, inflammation and the development and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Various reports have shown that chronic low-grade inflammation is associated with the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and that sub-clinical inflammation contributes to insulin resistance and is linked to the characteristics of metabolic syndrome which include hyperglycaemia. Oxidative stress stimulates the generation of inflammatory mediators and inflammation in turn enhances the production of reactive oxygen species. This interaction between diabetes, oxidative stress and inflammation is the primary motivation for the compilation of this review. Based on previous studies, the review examines the interaction between diabetes, oxidative stress and inflammation, factors promoting prevalence of diabetes mellitus, mechanisms involved in hyperglycaemia-induced oxidative stress with particular focus on type 2 diabetes and selected diabetic complications.
Nephroprotective effect of on lead induced kidney damage in albino rats.
Ezejiofor AN, Orisakwe OE
Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol · 2019 · PMID 31149326
BACKGROUND: Lead is a nephrotoxicant probably implicated in the rising incidence of chronic kidney injury in sub-Sahara Africa. With the prohibitive cost and unavailability of metal chelators, chronic kidney disease CKD...
BACKGROUND: Lead is a nephrotoxicant probably implicated in the rising incidence of chronic kidney injury in sub-Sahara Africa. With the prohibitive cost and unavailability of metal chelators, chronic kidney disease CKD prevention is very difficult hence the search for affordable alternative. have been shown to be organo-protective. The present research investigated the nephroprotective effect of aqueous leaf extract of on lead induced nephrotoxicity in male rats. METHODS: Adult male rats were weight matched into five groups of five rats each. Groups 1 & 2 serve as normal and toxic control receiving deionized and leaded (CHCOO)Pb. 3HO water respectively. Groups 3, 4 and 5 were administered peroral 750, 1500 and 2250 mg/kg of aqueous leaf extract of respectively while receiving Pb water . Hematological, antioxidant and histological parameters obtained from the result serve as scientific evidence in the study. RESULTS: treatment significantly reversed (P < 0.05) the decrease in the levels of gluthatione peroxidase (GSH-PX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), Glutathione-S-trasferase activity (GST) seen in the lead acetate only treated group. Similarly, the increased malondialdehyde (MDA) level in the lead acetate only treated group was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced in the treated groups. There were significant (P < 0.05) decreases in serum serum level of sodium (146 ± 2.1 to 133 ± 6.0) and potassium (5.1 ± 0.4 to 4.4 ± 0.3) in lead acetate alone and treated group respectively. Also recorded was a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in serum levels of total protein and albumin (67 ± 7.9 to 47 ± 5.0 g/dl) and (45 ± 4.4 to 33 ± 5.5 g/dl) in lead acetate alone and treated groups respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Aqueous leaf extract of may be nephroprotective in albino rats.
The rise of circulatory endothelin (ET)-1 and endothelin receptors (ET, ET) expression in kidney of obese wistar rat.
Idris I, Sinrang AW, Arsyad A … +2 more , Alwi S, Sandira MI
Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol · 2019 · PMID 31149325
BACKGROUND: Endothelin (ET)-1, a circulatory protein, and its receptors (ET and ET) in various organs were reported to play a pivotal role in many diseases, including obesity. However, the changes of ET and ET expression...
BACKGROUND: Endothelin (ET)-1, a circulatory protein, and its receptors (ET and ET) in various organs were reported to play a pivotal role in many diseases, including obesity. However, the changes of ET and ET expression in ventricle and kidney in obesity was less reported. The study is designed to observe the level of circulatory ET-1 and expression of ET/ET in ventricle and kidney of obese, as compared to non-obese, rats. METHODS: Groups of obese 14 and 34 weeks rats were compared to non-obese controls at similar ages. The obesity status was achieved by feeding the with high calories protein diet CP 551 + milk powder, while the control group was fed with a standard calorie protein AD II diet. The concentration of circulatory ET-1, ET and ET of ventricle and kidney were measured by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) technique after the termination of both groups at 14 and 24 weeks. RESULTS: The level of circulatory ET-1, expression of ET and ET in kidney, and LDL of obese rats were significantly higher than control rats (T-Test, P<0.05) in the elder groups, while no differences of the ET and ET were found in the ventricle. No differences of the levels of circulatory ET-1, ET and ET expression were found between obese and control groups of younger rats (P>0.05). HDL levels were under normal value for both groups. CONCLUSION: Obesity in elder obese rats leads to dysregulation of kidney vessels through activity of ET-1 and ET/ET.
Positive effects of systemic sodium benzoate and olanzapine treatment on activities of daily life, spatial learning and working memory in ketamine-induced rat model of schizophrenia.
Mahmoud GS, Sayed SA, Abdelmawla SN … +1 more , Amer MA
Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol · 2019 · PMID 31149324
BACKGROUND: Sodium Benzoate (SB) significantly improved positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms as add on treatment in schizophrenia. Olanzapine (Ola), the most effective atypical antipsychotic drug, has been linked t...
BACKGROUND: Sodium Benzoate (SB) significantly improved positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms as add on treatment in schizophrenia. Olanzapine (Ola), the most effective atypical antipsychotic drug, has been linked to hepatic steatosis, acute kidney injury, reproductive side effects and poor effect on negative symptoms in some patients. GOALS: is to compare the efficacy and check the safety of long-term monotherapy with SB 0.01 mg/Kg versus Ola on male cognitive, memory, hepatic, renal and testicular functions in rat model of schizophrenia. METHODS: 48 young adult male rats were divided into 6 groups; C: control; O: received Ola; SB: received SB; K: received single IP ketamine (Ket) injection; K+O: received Ola and Ket and K+SB: received SB and Ket. Ola and SB given orally for 3 or 10 weeks for behavioral or serological studies respectively. We measured activities of daily life (ADL), spatial learning and memory in radial arm water maze (RAWM), serum parameters of hepatic, renal and testicular functions. RESULTS: Both Ola and SB significantly improved hoarding and burrowing, caused significant decrease in time to reach target (TRT), working memory errors (WME) in K+O and K+SB groups compared to K group. Ola caused significant increase in ALT, AST and creatinine and decrease in serum LH, testosterone compared to controls. SB caused significant rise in serum LH, ALT, AST and decrease in protein and albumin compared to both C and O groups. CONCLUSION: Both Ola and SB improved ADL, cognitive and memory functions. Although SB saved testicular and renal functions, it worsened liver function compared to Ola.
Distinct plasma proteomic changes in male and female African American stroke patients.
Cao L, Cobbs A, Simon RP … +1 more , Zhou A
Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol · 2019 · PMID 31149323
BACKGROUND: Stroke occurs more often and results in more severe brain injury in African Americans than in Caucasians. The former also exhibit different responses to thrombolytic therapy than the latter do. There is an im...
BACKGROUND: Stroke occurs more often and results in more severe brain injury in African Americans than in Caucasians. The former also exhibit different responses to thrombolytic therapy than the latter do. There is an imminent need for stroke biomarkers for African Americans, who have been underrepresented in biomarker research for stroke diagnosis and prognosis. Proteomics offers sources for protein biomarkers that are not available by other Omics approaches. In this pilot study, plasma proteomes of African American stroke patients were analyzed and compared to that of hypertensive, non-stroke controls. METHODS: Plasma samples were prepared from whole blood specimens that were collected from stroke patients admitted to Grady Memorial Hospital in Atlanta, and their age- and sex-matched, hypertensive controls from the outpatient clinic. Samples were pooled according to patient groups and sex. Plasma proteins were analyzed with quantitative mass spectrometry. The identified and quantified proteins were compared between stroke and control patients of each sex. Proteins that showed changes in abundances in stroke patients were further analyzed with the assistance of bioinformatics tools for their known biological functions or potential implications in stroke. RESULTS: A total of 128 annotated proteins were identified. Results of bioinformatic analysis of plasma proteins whose levels were increased in stroke patients showed, as expected, their association with blood coagulation and inflammation processes. Interestingly, a number of proteins showed different or even opposing changes in male and female stroke patients, notably those involved in IL-4 and IL-6 signaling, complement activation, and blood coagulation disorders. For a few proteins that were increased in female but unchanged or decreased in male stroke patients, an association with fibromuscular dysplasia was recognized. CONCLUSION: Plasma proteins that differ in quantities between stroke patients and controls were readily detected using a simple proteomic approach. Sex-dependent changes and changes that have not been reported for African American stroke patients offer potentially novel biomarkers for stroke in this underserved population.
Post-stroke neuronal circuits and mental illnesses.
Naghavi FS, Koffman EE, Lin B … +1 more , Du J
Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol · 2019 · PMID 30911356
Stroke is one of the leading causes of death in the United States. It is also associated with severe mental illnesses, such as depression and anxiety, that hinder the rehabilitation of surviving patients. Thus, a better...
Stroke is one of the leading causes of death in the United States. It is also associated with severe mental illnesses, such as depression and anxiety, that hinder the rehabilitation of surviving patients. Thus, a better understanding of how stroke causes mental illnesses is crucial, but little is known about the neurological mechanisms involved. In this review, we summarized the most common mental illnesses developed after stroke, as well as the underlying mechanisms at the neuronal circuit level.
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