Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.)[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
EPIRETINAL PROLIFERATION EMBEDDING SURGERY COMBINED WITH TEMPORAL INVERTED ILM FLAP TECHNIQUE FOR LAMELLAR MACULAR HOLES.
Avcı R, Mavi Yıldız A, Avcı E … +2 more , Önal İ, Yılmaz S
Retina · 2026 Jul · PMID 41791036 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: To evaluate the outcomes of pars plana vitrectomy combined with epiretinal proliferation (EP) embedding and temporal inverted internal limiting membrane (ILM) flap technique in cases of lamellar macular hole (LM...
PURPOSE: To evaluate the outcomes of pars plana vitrectomy combined with epiretinal proliferation (EP) embedding and temporal inverted internal limiting membrane (ILM) flap technique in cases of lamellar macular hole (LMH). METHODS: This retrospective study included data from 17 consecutive patients who underwent EP embedding combined with the temporal inverted ILM flap technique for LMH. The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and optic coherence tomography data were analyzed at baseline and postoperative period. RESULTS: Anatomical closure was achieved in 100% of patients. The mean baseline and final BCVA were LogMAR 0.53 ± 0.25 (Snellen 20/67) and 0.18 ± 0.19 (Snellen 20/30), respectively, demonstrating a statistically significant improvement ( P < 0.001). Furthermore, final BCVA was significantly higher in patients with a preoperative BCVA better than LogMAR 0.5 (Snellen > 20/63) ( P =0.001). The central retinal thickness improved considerably from 115.5 ± 40.8 µ m preoperatively to 208.4 ± 51.5 µ m ( P < 0.001) at the final visit. CONCLUSION: The EP embedding surgery combined with the temporal inverted ILM flap technique can provide improved anatomical and functional outcomes in patients with LMH. Their findings highlight that early intervention before severe visual loss and outer retinal defect development can be further beneficial in LMH cases.
Incidence and Prevalence of Non-Infectious Uveitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Sriranganathan A, Stasso J, Miranda RN … +1 more , Felfeli T
Retina · 2026 Mar · PMID 41791034 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: To estimate the incidence and prevalence of non-infectious uveitis (NIU). METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted of electronic databases including Ovid Medline, Embase, and Scopus from 2020 to Sep...
PURPOSE: To estimate the incidence and prevalence of non-infectious uveitis (NIU). METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted of electronic databases including Ovid Medline, Embase, and Scopus from 2020 to September 2025. A random-effects meta-analysis pooled incidence and prevalence data across various demographic and comorbid contexts. RESULTS: From 15,172 initial studies, 106 were included. The pooled prevalence of NIU was 131.6 (95% CI 28.1-613.9) for adults and 27.4 (95% CI 6.3-118.3) for pediatrics per 100,000 persons. Pooled incidence of NIU was 204.4 (95% CI 0.0-438.9) for adults and 16.0 (95% CI 6.5-25.6) for pediatrics per 100,000 person-years. Increased incidence and prevalence of NIU were seen in populations of Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), undifferentiated Spondyloarthritis (SpA), Psoriatic arthritis (PsA), Ankylosing spondylitis (AS), and Behcet disease (BD). Prevalence of NIU in JIA was 129.2 (95% CI 94.2-174.7) per 1,000 persons and incidence was 22.4 (95% CI 2.5-42.4) per 1,000 person-years. Prevalence and incidence of NIU in SpA was 153.5 (95% CI 122.0-191.4) per 1,000 persons and 33.5 (95% CI 0.0-69.2) per 1,000 person-years, respectively. Prevalence and incidence of NIU in PsA was 27.3 (95% CI 18.1-41.2) per 1,000 persons and 13.1 (95% CI 0.0-32.5) per 1,000 person-years, respectively. Prevalence of NIU in AS and BD was 183.5 (95% CI 137.8-240.1) and 148.6 (95% CI 17.6-629.9) per 1,000 persons, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: NIU incidence and prevalence were higher in adults than in children, and in populations with specific conditions like JIA and AS.
LONG AXIAL LENGTH IS A RISK FACTOR FOR INFECTIOUS ENDOPHTHALMITIS IN MICROINCISIONAL VITRECTOMY AND MEMBRANE PEELING SURGERY.
Yang SC, Kim DS, Kim TY … +2 more , Park SW, Byon I
Retina · 2026 Jul · PMID 41791033 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: To investigate risk factors of infectious endophthalmitis (IE) in microincision vitrectomy surgery and membrane peeling. METHODS: The authors retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who underwen...
PURPOSE: To investigate risk factors of infectious endophthalmitis (IE) in microincision vitrectomy surgery and membrane peeling. METHODS: The authors retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who underwent microincision vitrectomy surgery and membrane peeling for idiopathic and secondary epiretinal membranes. IE incidence and its causative microorganisms were collected. Risk factors for IE development- including age, sex, simultaneous cataract surgery, axial length, refractive error, intraocular pressure, myopic tractional maculopathy (MTM), and diabetes mellitus-were assessed. Main outcome measures were association between IE development and clinical factors. RESULTS: Of 3,496 eyes, IE occurred in 16 eyes (0.45%). The causative microorganisms were detected in 12 eyes (75%) showing Staphylococcus epidermidis (n = 9), Staphylococcus aureus (n = 1), Staphylococcus capitis (n = 1), and Enterococcus faecalis (n = 1). More IE developed in female (0.74% vs. 0.12%, P = 0.01), eyes with MTM (5.0% vs. 0.35%, P = 0.001), and high myopia (1.7% vs. 0.34%, P = 0.001). Mean axial length (25.2 ± 3.0 vs. 24.0 ± 1.8 mm), mean age (67.4 ± 8.0 vs. 62.4 ± 12.2 years), simultaneous cataract surgery (0.54% vs. 0.27%), and presence of diabetes mellitus (18.7% vs. 20.9%) were not different between eyes with and without IE. High myopia and MTM were significantly associated with IE (logistic regression; P = 0.009, P = 0.046, respectively). Eyes with MTM (n = 80) and high myopia (n = 294) exhibited significantly lower intraocular pressure on Day 1 (11.2 ± 4.6 mmHg and 12.0 ± 5.1 mmHg, respectively), compared with age-matched controls (13.9 ± 4.3 mmHg and 13.6 ± 4.4 mmHg; P = 0.001 and P = 0.01, respectively). CONCLUSION: In microincision vitrectomy surgery and membrane peeling, eyes with high myopia and MTM, which were likely to have lower intraocular pressure in the early postoperative period, were more susceptible to postoperative IE.
LONG-TERM EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF PHOTOBIOMODULATION IN DRY AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (LIGHTSITE III: 24-MONTH ANALYSIS).
Jaffe GJ, Boyer D, Hu A … +14 more , Warrow D, Xavier S, Gonzalez V, Lad E, Rosen RB, Do DV, Schneiderman T, Ho AC, Munk MR, Tedford SE, Croissant CL, Rückert R, Lavin PT, Tedford CE
Retina · 2026 May · PMID 41791029 · Full text
PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of multiwavelength photobiomodulation (PBM) in nonexudative (dry) age-related macular degeneration (AMD). METHODS: LIGHTSITE III used a double-masked, randomized, sham-control...
PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of multiwavelength photobiomodulation (PBM) in nonexudative (dry) age-related macular degeneration (AMD). METHODS: LIGHTSITE III used a double-masked, randomized, sham-controlled, parallel-group, prospective study design. Subjects were enrolled with a diagnosis of dry AMD and treated with multiwavelength PBM (Valeda Light Delivery System; 590, 660, and 850 nm) or sham treatment. A treatment series included 9 PBM or sham treatments delivered 3x/week over 3 to 5 weeks every 4 months (M) for 24M. RESULTS: A total of 148 eyes (100 subjects) with dry AMD were randomized into the study. LIGHTSITE III met the prespecified primary BCVA efficacy end point at M21 with a significant difference between treatment groups ( P = 0.0036) and a +6.2 letter gain after PBM. At M21, 61.5% of PBM-treated eyes showed ≥5, 23.1% showed ≥10, and 4.4% showed ≥15 letter gains. A favorable safety profile was observed with no signs of phototoxicity. Disease progression to Geographic Atrophy (GA) showed a significant decrease in incidence (Sham, 24.0% vs. PBM, 6.8%; P = 0.007) after PBM treatment at M24. Significant benefit in vision QoL was observed. CONCLUSION: Multiwavelength PBM represents an interventional therapy that restores visual function and has potential disease-modifying effects in intermediate dry AMD.
COMPARISON OF INITIAL LOADING INJECTION OUTCOMES BETWEEN AFLIBERCEPT 8 MG AND FARICIMAB IN NEOVASCULAR AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION.
Han HY, Park SM, Kim CG … +2 more , Cho HJ, Kim JH
Retina · 2026 Jul · PMID 41759077 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: To evaluate and compare the initial functional and anatomical outcomes of aflibercept 8 mg and faricimab during the loading phase in treatment-naïve neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). METHODS: T...
PURPOSE: To evaluate and compare the initial functional and anatomical outcomes of aflibercept 8 mg and faricimab during the loading phase in treatment-naïve neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). METHODS: This retrospective observational study included 100 eyes of 100 patients with treatment-naïve neovascular AMD who were administered three consecutive monthly loading injections of either aflibercept 8 mg (aflibercept 8 mg group, n = 51) or faricimab (faricimab group, n = 49). Changes in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central retinal thickness (CRT), as well as complete resolution of subretinal and intraretinal fluids, were compared between groups. Within each group, BCVA and CRT at baseline were compared with values at 3 months. RESULTS: In the aflibercept 8 mg group, the mean BCVA, measured in logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution, improved from 0.59 ± 0.51 (Snellen equivalent, 20/77) at baseline to 0.39 ± 0.44 (20/49) at 3 months ( P < 0.001). Correspondingly, the mean CRT decreased from 450.6 ± 157.0 µ m to 287.3 ± 82.3 µ m ( P < 0.001). In the faricimab group, the mean BCVA improved from 0.62 ± 0.47 logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution (20/83) to 0.45 ± 0.38 (20/56) ( P < 0.001), and the mean CRT decreased from 442.4 ± 163.8 µ m to 248.5 ± 81.2 µ m ( P < 0.001). No significant differences were observed between groups in BCVA improvement ( P = 0.685) or CRT reduction ( P = 0.320). Complete retinal fluid resolution was observed in 80.4% and 87.8% of patients in the aflibercept 8 mg and faricimab groups, respectively, with no significant difference in fluid resolution between groups ( P = 0.234). CONCLUSION: Aflibercept 8 mg and faricimab achieved significant and comparable functional and anatomical outcomes after three loading injections in treatment-naïve neovascular AMD, suggesting that either agent may serve as an effective first-line treatment for this condition.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN BASELINE GLYCATED HEMOGLOBIN LEVELS AND FUNCTIONAL AND ANATOMICAL OUTCOMES AFTER FARICIMAB LOADING PHASE IN DIABETIC MACULAR EDEMA.
Scampoli A, Governatori L, Solimeo A … +6 more , Plaitano C, Turco V, Carlà MM, Crincoli E, Rizzo S, Caporossi T
Retina · 2026 Jul · PMID 41759066 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: To evaluate whether baseline glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) levels play a predictive role in faricimab loading phase outcomes. In addition, the authors assessed the efficacy of faricimab loading phase for diabe...
PURPOSE: To evaluate whether baseline glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) levels play a predictive role in faricimab loading phase outcomes. In addition, the authors assessed the efficacy of faricimab loading phase for diabetic macular edema (DME). METHODS: The authors conducted a retrospective, multicentric, interventional cohort study including 74 eyes, presenting with a central macular thickness (CMT) >280 µ m, visual acuity > 20/200, and optical coherence tomography-based diagnosis of DME. RESULTS: A statistically significant negative correlation was found between baseline HbA1c and the change in visual acuity after intravitreal faricimab injections (ρ = -0.32, P = 0.006). In multivariable regression, this association was not significant (β ≈ -0.026 logMAR per 1% HbA1c; P = 0.26; ≈ +1.3 letters/1%). The correlation between baseline HbA1c and the change in CMT was not statistically significant (ρ = +0.13, P = 0.279). Visual acuity improved significantly from baseline to posttreatment (-0.18 ± 0.22 ΔLogMAR; P < 0.0001). The mean baseline CMT (440.4 ± 152.9 µ m) significantly decreased (310.9 ± 87.8 µ m, P < 0.0001). The authors observed a significant reduction of hyperreflective foci ( P < 0.0001) and intraretinal fluid ( P = 0.0014), and the subretinal fluid decreased from 29.7% to 10.8% after treatment ( P = 0.023). CONCLUSION: Systemic glycemic status may influence functional outcomes, supporting the importance of maintaining optimal HbA1c levels in the overall management of diabetic patients. However, baseline HbA1c did not emerge as an independent predictor in this cohort. Notably, faricimab provided clear anatomical and functional benefits regardless of glycemic control, confirming its efficacy as a treatment for DME.
SD-OCT AND OCTA: Distinct or Additional Information on Neovascular Activity? The COCTAEYL Study.
Amoroso F, Miere A, Kodjikian L … +6 more , Couturier A, Korobelnik JF, Jung C, Wang X, Blanco-Garavito R, Souied EH
Retina · 2026 Jul · PMID 41759060 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: This study aimed to compare exudative recurrence features detected by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) with those identified by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), considered th...
PURPOSE: This study aimed to compare exudative recurrence features detected by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) with those identified by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), considered the gold standard, and to characterize OCTA-derived profiles predictive of recurrence in patients with macular neovascularization (MNV) secondary to neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) treated with aflibercept. METHODS: In this prospective observational cohort study, 49 patients were enrolled, yielding data from 686 examinations for concordance analysis between SD-OCT and OCTA. After a loading phase of three-monthly intravitreal injections of 2 mg aflibercept, patients were monitored monthly. Both SD-OCT and OCTA were performed at each visit, with intravitreal injections administered bimonthly (fixed regimen) for up to 12 months. RESULTS: OCTA demonstrated a sensitivity of 72%, specificity of 27%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 59%, and negative predictive value (NPV) of 40% for detecting exudative activity. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for OCTA-defined recurrence was 0.49, with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.95 for predicting neovascular activity in the next month ( P = 0.87). The net benefit (NB) was 0.13 for OCTA versus 0.19 for a general approach strategy. Relying on OCTA for recurrence detection instead of SD-OCT did not reduce unnecessary intravitreal injections. CONCLUSION: OCTA and SD-OCT provide complementary information, with OCTA focusing on flow remodeling and SD-OCT highlighting exudative features. OCTA provides complementary vascular flow information to the structural data acquired with SD-OCT, allowing a more comprehensive assessment of neovascular activity, although no modification in management was observed in this cohort.
INFLUENCE OF THE BASELINE MORPHOLOGIC STAGE ON POSTOPERATIVE VISUAL ACUITY AND METAMORPHOPSIA OUTCOMES IN FOVEA-OFF RHEGMATOGENOUS RETINAL DETACHMENT.
Zhu K, Wang Y, Wang L … +2 more , Ni Y, Xu G
Retina · 2026 Jul · PMID 41712908 · Full text
PURPOSE: To evaluate the association between the baseline morphologic stage of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and postoperative visual acuity and metamorphopsia. METHODS: This retrospective study included 39 consecuti...
PURPOSE: To evaluate the association between the baseline morphologic stage of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and postoperative visual acuity and metamorphopsia. METHODS: This retrospective study included 39 consecutive patients with primary fovea-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment who underwent scleral buckling at the Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University between 2018 and 2023. Optical coherence tomography, best-corrected visual acuity, and M-CHARTS were assessed at baseline and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. RESULTS: Baseline morphologic Stage was 1 and 2 in 41%, 3 in 21%, 4 in 15%, and 5 in 23% of patients. Advanced morphologic stage was associated with worse best-corrected visual acuity ( P = 0.001, 0.001, 0.008, 0.002, and 0.002) and greater M-CHARTS scores ( P = 0.033, 0.004, 0.001, 0.003, and 0.005) at baseline and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively, respectively. After adjusting for covariates, the partial correlation coefficients between best-corrected visual acuity at baseline and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively were significantly positive ( P = 0.001, 0.001, 0.002, and 0.005, respectively), as were the partial correlation coefficients between preoperative vertical M-CHARTS scores and scores at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively ( P < 0.001, 0.001, 0.001, and 0.027, respectively). The M-CHART scores at 3, 6, and 12 months were significantly better in Stages 1, 2, and 3 versus Stage 4 ( P = 0.002, 0.003, and 0.002, respectively). CONCLUSION: Postoperative best-corrected visual acuity and metamorphopsia deteriorated significantly at all timepoints in patients with more advanced baseline morphologic stages, highlighting the need for earlier intervention in fovea-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.
REAL-WORLD DURABILITY OF AFLIBERCEPT 8 MG AND FARICIMAB IN INITIATORS VERSUS SWITCHERS: A Multicenter Retrospective Analysis.
Sather RN, Chiang T, Moon JY … +2 more , Dev S, Belin PJ
Retina · 2026 Jul · PMID 41712907 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: To evaluate real-world differences in treatment durability, functional, and anatomic outcomes in patients who initiated or switched to aflibercept 8 mg or faricimab. METHODS: Patients were categorized into four...
PURPOSE: To evaluate real-world differences in treatment durability, functional, and anatomic outcomes in patients who initiated or switched to aflibercept 8 mg or faricimab. METHODS: Patients were categorized into four cohorts: 1) initiators of aflibercept 8 mg, 2) initiators of faricimab, 3) switchers to aflibercept 8 mg, and 4) switchers to faricimab. Switchers were further stratified as early (≤5 prior injections) or late (>5 injections). Treatment durability was assessed using the mean treatment interval, defined as the average of the three most recent injection intervals before or after the switch. Multivariate linear regression models were used to assess the independent effect of treatment strategy on durability, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and central subfield thickness (CST). RESULTS: A total of 10,247 patients (12,501 eyes) with either nAMD, DME, or RVO initiated aflibercept 8 mg or faricimab. Initiators achieved greater mean treatment intervals (10 weeks) than switchers (9 weeks postswitch; P < 0.01). Early switchers showed greater durability and CST reduction (-66 µ m) than late switchers (-19 µ m; P < 0.01). Faricimab initiators had greater durability ( P < 0.01) and CST reductions ( P = 0.01) compared with other cohorts. Medicare coverage was associated with longer durability than Medicare Advantage recipients ( P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: In this real-world cohort, initiation of faricimab or aflibercept 8 mg was associated with greater treatment intervals and improved anatomic outcomes compared with eyes that were switched from older anti-VEGF agents. These findings support early initiation of these anti-VEGF therapies and that step-therapy delays may compromise clinical outcomes.
LONG-TERM OUTCOMES AFTER IMPLANTATION OF SUTURELESS INTRASCLERAL FIXATION LENSES AFTER COMPLICATED CATARACT SURGERY - A SINGLE-CENTER RETROSPECTIVE STUDY.
Govindaraju V, Zhang A, Jones N … +9 more , Aqil M, Connelly C, Trese M, Weiner A, Wolfe J, Faia L, Randhawa S, Williams G, Hassan T
Retina · 2026 Jul · PMID 41707119 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: The authors report their long-term outcomes and potential complications after using the sutureless intrascleral fixation (SIS) technique to repair patients after complicated cataract surgery. METHODS: This is a...
PURPOSE: The authors report their long-term outcomes and potential complications after using the sutureless intrascleral fixation (SIS) technique to repair patients after complicated cataract surgery. METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study of patients who had SIS surgery due to retained lens fragments from January 2015 to January 2025 at Associated Retinal Consultants. Charts were manually reviewed to ensure consistent SIS technique was used in all participants, were followed for at least 6 months, and to analyze main outcome measures. RESULTS: Hundred and forty nine patients met inclusion criteria with an average follow-up time of 918 days. Most patients had the MA60AC lens (96 patients) or ZA9003 lens (32 patients) placed. Three patients and four patients had the AR40 and CT Lucia secondary intraocular lens (IOL), respectively. Endophthalmitis rate was 2.0%, all cases in the MA60AC group, with an average time of 1,469 days, 11% had IOL dislocations at an average of 442 days, 5% had vitreous hemorrhage at an average of 441 days, and 4% had a retinal detachment at an average of 707 days. No difference among IOL types was found between the anatomical outcomes analyzed. CONCLUSION: After successful SIS IOL implantation, the authors can see patients develop endophthalmitis, vitreous hemorrhage, retinal detachment, and IOL dislocation.
ENDOPHTHALMITIS INCIDENCE AFTER VITRECTOMY: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS OF RISK FACTORS AND PREVENTION STRATEGY.
McGrath R, Mulcahy L, Al Abri A … +3 more , Whitlow S, Brennan N, Connell P
Retina · 2026 Feb · PMID 41707079 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: Consensus is lacking on best practice to minimise endophthalmitis rates following vitrectomy. This review examines all available literature to determine the incidence of post-vitrectomy endophthalmitis and assoc...
PURPOSE: Consensus is lacking on best practice to minimise endophthalmitis rates following vitrectomy. This review examines all available literature to determine the incidence of post-vitrectomy endophthalmitis and associated risk-reduction strategies. METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was performed for endophthalmitis incidence after vitrectomy. Meta-analysis was performed comparing risk factors for endophthalmitis: instrument gauge, prophylactic antibiotics, phaco-vitrectomy, and intraocular tamponade. RESULTS: We identified 69 studies which reported 2,781 cases of endophthalmitis after 1,979,160 vitrectomies (0.14%). Meta-analysis found that smaller-gauge vitrectomy had a non-significantly higher risk of endophthalmitis compared to 20-gauge surgery (OR 2.09, 95%CI 0.88-5.0). Endophthalmitis rates were significantly higher with 25-gauge compared to 23-gauge instruments (OR 2.03, 95%CI 1.05-3.92). Prophylactic subconjunctival antibiotic use did not decrease the risk of endophthalmitis compared to topical antibiotics (OR 0.77, 95%CI 0.36-1.64). Phaco-vitrectomy did not increase the endophthalmitis risk (OR 1.17, 95%CI 0.81-1.70). Use of intraocular tamponade other than fluid was associated with significantly lower rates of endophthalmitis (OR 0.15, 95%CI 0.09-0.27). CONCLUSION: The incidence of endophthalmitis was higher than in previous reviews. Non-fluid intraocular tamponade significantly reduced the incidence of endophthalmitis but subconjunctival antibiotics did not. Small-gauge vitrectomy and phaco-vitrectomy were not associated with significantly higher rates of endophthalmitis.
THE RISK OF RETINAL BREAKS OR DETACHMENT IN FELLOW EYE WITH LATTICE DEGENERATION AFTER PRIMARY RHEGMATOGENOUS RETINAL DETACHMENT.
Arnal L, Mesfin Y, Salvi A … +4 more , Wai KM, Rahimy E, Mruthyunjaya P, Ludwig CA
Retina · 2026 Jul · PMID 41707078 · Full text
PURPOSE: Lattice poses risks to patients with prior detachments. This study evaluates such patients' likelihood of rhegmatogenous retinal detachments (RRD) and retinal breaks (RB) and assesses the efficacy of prophylacti...
PURPOSE: Lattice poses risks to patients with prior detachments. This study evaluates such patients' likelihood of rhegmatogenous retinal detachments (RRD) and retinal breaks (RB) and assesses the efficacy of prophylactic laser retinopexy and cryopexy. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study using the TriNetX registry. Patients either with or without prior contralateral RRD/RB and also with fellow eye lattice were included. Logistic regression calculated the likelihood of RRD/RB in the fellow eye. The number needed to treat (NNT) was calculated for prophylactic laser retinopexy and cryopexy. RESULTS: Patients with prior unilateral RRD/RB had a higher likelihood of fellow eye RRD/RB than those without prior unilateral RRD/RB (OR: 4.47, 99% CI: 3.47-5.76). Myopia increased this likelihood (OR: 5.67, 99% CI: 3.80-8.48). The NNT to prevent one RRD was lower for patients with prior unilateral RRD (NNT: 4.63; 99% CI: 4.07-5.37) than those without (NNT: 43.29; 99% CI: 38.72-49.08). The NNT to prevent one RB was lower for patients with prior unilateral RB (NNT: 3.83; 99% CI: 3.37-4.44) than those without (NNT: 45.70; 99% CI: 39.99-53.30). CONCLUSION: Prior contralateral RRD/RB increases the likelihood of RRD/RB in fellow eyes with lattice. Prophylactic laser retinopexy and cryopexy reduce the number of fellow eye RRD/RB.
Effectiveness and Safety of Biosimilar Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor for Retinal Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Pandya BU, Mihalache A, Huang RS … +4 more , Jhaveri A, Cao X, Ballios B, Felfeli T
Retina · 2026 Feb · PMID 41707077 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: To evaluate the comparative effectiveness and safety of biosimilar anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) versus reference anti-VEGF intravitreal injections for the treatment of retinal diseases. METHODS...
PURPOSE: To evaluate the comparative effectiveness and safety of biosimilar anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) versus reference anti-VEGF intravitreal injections for the treatment of retinal diseases. METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed on studies identified through searches of OVID MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library between January 2015 and September 2024. Studies evaluating effectiveness and/or safety outcomes of biosimilar anti-VEGF were included. Meta-analysis was performed with a random effects model. Risk of bias (ROB) assessment was performed with the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) tools, and certainty of evidence was evaluated with the GRADE criteria. RESULTS: A total of 25 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Diagnoses studied were neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic macular edema (DME), retinal vein occlusion (RVO), and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy. There were no significant differences in final visual acuity (VA), change in VA, final retinal thickness (RT), change in RT, and incidence of adverse events over a follow-up duration of 12-63.6 weeks. Subgroup analyses of randomized controlled trials, observational studies, AMD, DME, and agent-specific analysis (aflibercept and ranibizumab) were not significant. Findings are supported by evidence of moderate to high certainty as per the GRADE tool. There was a low to moderate ROB in the included study as per the JBI tool. CONCLUSION: Biosimilar anti-VEGF is comparable to reference anti-VEGF with respect to safety profile and visual outcomes. Future research should prioritize including diverse patient populations and adopting standardized, extended follow-up periods to enhance the assessment of long-term safety and effectiveness of biosimilars.
RETINAL DETACHMENT AFTER ENDOGENOUS ENDOPHTHALMITIS: A Multicenter Study.
Weng PJ, Woodward R, Duy W … +14 more , Gomide G, Alshaikhsalama A, Thompson K, Momenaei B, Jenkins T, Fioramonti P, Dimalanta L, Zhang AY, Breazzano MP, Garg S, Wang AL, Chen R, Greven M, Fekrat S
Retina · 2026 Jun · PMID 41707073 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: To assess factors associated with retinal detachment (RD) in eyes presenting with endogenous endophthalmitis (EE). METHODS: Multicenter retrospective study of individuals with an EE diagnosis from seven tertiary...
PURPOSE: To assess factors associated with retinal detachment (RD) in eyes presenting with endogenous endophthalmitis (EE). METHODS: Multicenter retrospective study of individuals with an EE diagnosis from seven tertiary care centers. Demographics, medical history, ocular examination findings, microbial cultures (blood or intraocular), and management strategies were assessed relative to subsequent RD occurring within 6 months of EE diagnosis. Of note, this study did not distinguish between intraocular cultures without growth and eyes that were not sampled for an intraocular organism. RESULTS: A total of 201 eyes from 171 patients presented with EE. Of these, 22.4% (45/201) had a subsequent RD. Eyes that experienced a subsequent RD had worse presenting visual acuity ( P = 0.006) and lower intraocular pressure at presentation (RD: 13.7 ± 5.4 mmHg vs. No RD: 15.7 ± 6.5 mmHg, P = 0.04). Compared with other forms of bacteremia, S. aureus bacteremia was associated with increased odds of subsequent RD (OR: 6.10, CI: 1.82-20.41, P = 0.003). Eyes with a subsequent RD did not have significantly greater rates of therapeutic pars plana vitrectomy (RD: 11/48, 22.9% vs. No RD: 36/153, 23.5%). CONCLUSION: Eyes presenting with visual acuity ≤ light perception or S. aureus bacteremia had a higher risk of subsequent RD and may warrant closer surveillance. Although no therapeutic strategies were associated with reduced odds of subsequent RD, a pars plana vitrectomy was not associated with an increased risk of RD, suggesting that it may aid in eyes with lackluster responses to systemic and intravitreal pharmacotherapy.
OBSERVATIONAL STUDY OF DARK WITHOUT PRESSURE IN MYOPIC PEOPLE BASED ON ULTRA-WIDEFIELD SWEPT SOURCE OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY AND ULTRA-WIDEFIELD COLOR FUNDUS PHOTOGRAPHY.
Ning X, Chen L, Leng H … +11 more , Cheng H, Guo C, Liu X, Shen Y, Liu Y, Ling R, Qin Y, Zhang L, Zhong J, Ju X, Li J
Retina · 2026 Jul · PMID 41707068 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the incidence and distribution characteristics of dark without pressure (DWOP), a relatively underexplored retinal feature, in myopic people based on ultra-widefield swept source...
PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the incidence and distribution characteristics of dark without pressure (DWOP), a relatively underexplored retinal feature, in myopic people based on ultra-widefield swept source optical coherence tomography angiography and ultra-wide field color fundus photography. METHODS: Subjects were recruited from December 2021 to May 2024 at Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital. Each eye underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic examination, including ultra-wide field color fundus photography and 24 × 20-mm ultra-widefield swept source optical coherence tomography angiography. Eyes were categorized based on spherical equivalent into four groups: emmetropia, mild myopia, moderate myopia, and high myopia. RESULTS: A total of 304 subjects (592 eyes) were recruited. The overall incidence of DWOP was 25.5%. It was significantly higher in the high myopia group (44.3%) compared with the emmetropia group (10.9%) ( P < 0.001). Axial length greater than 26 mm and spherical equivalent less than -6.0 D were associated with increased DWOP risk. DWOP was predominantly found in the inferotemporal mid-periphery (68.9%). Retinal thickness in the DWOP region was 205.0 ± 13.6 µ m, 1.70% lower than that in the normal region ( P = 0.001). Among the 34 eyes followed for 3 to 49 months, 52.4% of eyes showed an increase of DWOP area size, and 28.6% showed a decrease in area size. CONCLUSION: DWOP is commonly observed in high myopic eyes, primarily in the midperipheral inferior temporal region, with boundaries that change over time. These findings suggest a need for further investigation into the clinical significance of DWOP progression in myopic patients.
Focal Choroidal Excavation Associated With Eales Disease.
Pramil V, Ghide BH, Duker JS … +1 more , Liang MC
Retina · 2026 Mar · PMID 41701339 · Publisher ↗
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THE IMPACT OF POSTERIOR STAPHYLOMA ON CLINICAL OUTCOMES OF HIGH MYOPIC MACULAR HOLE: A Retrospective Cohort Study.
Zheng G, Zhang Q, Wang D … +7 more , Wang N, Lei W, Xu Y, Feng T, Zhu Y, Xia X, Xiong S
Retina · 2026 Mar · PMID 41701338 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: To discuss the influence of posterior staphyloma types on clinical outcomes of patients with high myopic macular hole (HMMH) and discover clinical characteristics related to postoperative visual acuity, vessel d...
PURPOSE: To discuss the influence of posterior staphyloma types on clinical outcomes of patients with high myopic macular hole (HMMH) and discover clinical characteristics related to postoperative visual acuity, vessel densities, and retinal function. METHODS: This study included 44 eyes with HMMH, of whom 18 underwent internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling technique and 26 eyes underwent inverted ILM flap technique. Ophthalmic examinations were performed preoperatively and postoperatively, including best-corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, optical coherence tomography angiography, and multifocal electroretinogram (mf-ERG). Three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging (3D-MRI) reconstruction and ocular B-ultrasound were used to classify and grade posterior staphylomas. RESULTS: Axial length was correlated with both depth and width of posterior staphyloma. Also, superficial capillary plexus vessel densities of narrow macular staphyloma type were significantly higher than that of the wide type in the peeling group. Furthermore, in grade 2 and grade 3, and both wide and narrow macular staphyloma types, the macular hole (MH) closure rate of the flap group was significantly higher than that of the peeling group. Correlation analysis showed that the presence of retinal detachment and initial best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were correlated with the final BCVA in the flap group, the age was correlated with the postoperative vessel density in the flap group, and microstructure restoration were correlated with the postoperative vessel density in both flap and peeling group. CONCLUSION: Under similar posterior staphylomas condition, the inverted ILM flap technique may provide better MH closure outcomes and retinal function.
ROLE OF INFLAMMATION IN ATROPHY DEVELOPMENT AND PROGRESSION IN PATHOLOGIC MYOPIA.
Gilead N, Chong YJ, Lim J … +3 more , Teo KYC, Ohno-Matsui K, Cheung CMG
Retina · 2026 Mar · PMID 41701337 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: To describe the progression of atrophy in pathologic myopia eyes with prior retinal inflammatory lesions consistent with punctate inner choroidopathy. METHODS: Retrospective case series of 21 eyes with pathologi...
PURPOSE: To describe the progression of atrophy in pathologic myopia eyes with prior retinal inflammatory lesions consistent with punctate inner choroidopathy. METHODS: Retrospective case series of 21 eyes with pathologic myopia and resolved retinal inflammatory lesions compared with 26 noninflamed controls (14 fellow eyes; 12 external myopic eyes with pre-existing patchy atrophy). The primary outcome was annual atrophy-area change (mm2/year) on multimodal imaging. Secondary outcomes included incident/enlarging atrophy, multifocal versus unifocal appearance, and META-PM category progression. Group comparisons used Welch t tests and Fisher exact tests; an age-adjusted linear regression examined independent associations. RESULTS: Over 5.2 ± 3.2 years in inflamed eyes and 5.3 ± 2.4 years in controls, patchy atrophy progressed faster with inflammation (0.76 ± 0.67 vs. 0.38 ± 0.47 mm2/year; P = 0.03). Among eyes starting in myopic macular degeneration Category 1 to 2, incident atrophy occurred in 14 of 14 (100%) inflamed versus 4 of 11 (36.4%) controls (P < 0.01). Overall atrophy activity (new or enlarging) was 21 of 21 (100%) in inflamed eyes versus 19 of 26 (73.1%) controls (P < 0.01). Multifocal atrophy was more frequent with inflammation (15/21, 71.4%) than in controls (6/26, 23.1%; P < 0.01). In age-adjusted regression, inflammation remained independently associated with faster atrophy expansion (β = 0.41 mm2/year; 95% CI, 0.04-0.78; P = 0.033). CONCLUSION: In pathologic myopia, prior retinal inflammation is independently associated with more frequent multifocal involvement, higher risk of incident atrophy, and a substantially faster atrophy-expansion. Beyond mechanical factors, inflammation seems to be a key driver of atrophic progression in this population.
MAGNETIC INTRAOCULAR FOREIGN BODY INJURIES: Intravitreal Antibiotic Prophylaxis, Endophthalmitis Risk and Prognostic Factors.
Wen Y, Wang T, Liu L … +5 more , Gao J, Fan Y, Gao X, Lu Y, Han S
Retina · 2026 Jul · PMID 41698234 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: To investigate the preventive effect of intravitreal injection on posterior segment magnetic intraocular foreign body (IOFB)-related endophthalmitis, the risk factors for endophthalmitis, and the prognostic fact...
PURPOSE: To investigate the preventive effect of intravitreal injection on posterior segment magnetic intraocular foreign body (IOFB)-related endophthalmitis, the risk factors for endophthalmitis, and the prognostic factors of posterior segment magnetic IOFBs. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of patients with posterior segment magnetic IOFBs admitted to Hebei Eye Hospital (2014-2022). Among them, 172 patients (2016-2022) received intravitreal antibiotics at the time of primary repair. Rates of endophthalmitis in this cohort were compared with those in a previous cohort admitted between 2014 and 2016 (56 patients). In the previous cohort, patients received only primary repair. RESULTS: The cohort was predominantly male (94%), median age 39 years. The right eye was affected in 105 patients (45%). The incidence of endophthalmitis was 4.7% (8/172) and 13.6% (8/59) in the recent and previous cohorts, respectively, with significant difference ( P = 0.043). Lens capsule rupture and IOFB >2 mm were risk factors for magnetic IOFB-related endophthalmitis ( P = 0.024 and P = 0.031, respectively). Lens capsule rupture (OR = 2.872, 95% CI: 1.487-5.548, P = 0.002), vitreous hemorrhage (OR = 2.010, 95% CI: 1.064-3.796, P = 0.031), retinal detachment (OR = 3.745, 95% CI: 1.758-7.979, P < 0.001), choroidal detachment (OR = 5.109, 95% CI: 1.465-17.808, P = 0.010), and IOFB >2 mm (OR = 1.914, 95% CI: 1.025-3.574, P = 0.042) were predictors of poor visual outcome. CONCLUSION: Prophylactic intravitreal antibiotics can reduce the incidence of endophthalmitis in posterior segment magnetic IOFB injuries. Lens capsule rupture and IOFB >2 mm are risk factors for endophthalmitis. In addition, lens capsule rupture, vitreous hemorrhage, retinal detachment, choroidal detachment, and IOFB >2 mm are associated with a poor prognosis. A good initial visual acuity is associated with a good prognosis.
Reply.
Momenaei B, McDermott B, Kozarsky S … +5 more , Gupta OP, Regillo CD, Garg SJ, Spirn MJ, Hsu J
Retina · 2026 Jun · PMID 41687122 · Publisher ↗
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