The International Journal Of Neuroscience[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Thoracic paravertebral nerve block combined with general anesthesia for patients undergoing minimally invasive vertebroplasty: effects on pain and lumbar function.
Luo D, Zhang X, Cheng X … +1 more , Cheng H
Int J Neurosci · 2026 Jul · PMID 42366690 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: This work was conducted to evaluate the effects of thoracic paravertebral nerve block (TPVB) combined with general anesthesia (GA) on pain and lumbar function in patients undergoing minimally invasive vertebro...
OBJECTIVE: This work was conducted to evaluate the effects of thoracic paravertebral nerve block (TPVB) combined with general anesthesia (GA) on pain and lumbar function in patients undergoing minimally invasive vertebroplasty. METHODS: One hundred patients scheduled for minimally invasive vertebroplasty were randomly allocated to a GA group (GA alone, = 50) or a TPVB + GA group (TPVB combined with GA, = 50). Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded preoperatively (T), at puncture (T), at bone cement injection (T), and at the end of surgery (T). Operative time, intraoperative blood loss, and anesthetic consumption were compared. Pain was assessed using the visual analogue scale (VAS) on postoperative days 1, 3, and 7. Lumbar function was evaluated using the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) preoperatively, 1 week postoperatively, and 1 month postoperatively. Adverse events were also recorded. RESULTS: Significant group, time, and interaction effects were observed for MAP, HR, VAS, and ODI (all < 0.05). Compared with the GA group, the TPVB + GA group showed lower MAP and HR at T-T, reduced blood loss and anesthetic use, lower VAS scores, improved ODI scores, and fewer adverse events (all < 0.05). CONCLUSION: TPVB combined with GA stabilizes perioperative hemodynamics, alleviates pain, and promotes recovery of lumbar function.
Recurrence associated IGFBP2 promotes malignant progression and epithelial mesenchymal transition in glioma cells via the AKT mTOR pathway.
Que Y, Zhao W, He B
Int J Neurosci · 2026 Jun · PMID 42334226 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Glioma recurrence and progression are major causes of poor prognosis and death. Although surgery can provide short-term benefit, long-term outcomes remain limited because effective targets for preventing recu...
BACKGROUND: Glioma recurrence and progression are major causes of poor prognosis and death. Although surgery can provide short-term benefit, long-term outcomes remain limited because effective targets for preventing recurrence and progression are lacking. METHODS: Differentially expressed genes between primary and recurrent gliomas were identified using the CGGA and TCGA databases. The effects of IGFBP2 knockdown on glioma cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion were assessed by CCK-8, colony formation, migration, and invasion assays. Western blotting was used to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms. RESULTS: Bioinformatics analysis identified IGFBP2 as a recurrence-associated candidate gene in glioma. High IGFBP2 expression was associated with recurrence status and shorter overall survival. experiments showed that IGFBP2 knockdown suppressed glioma cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion. Mechanistically, IGFBP2 knockdown was accompanied by changes in EMT-related markers and reduced AKT/mTOR signaling activity. CONCLUSION: IGFBP2 may serve as a recurrence-associated candidate biomarker and potential therapeutic target in glioma. Further validation using clinical specimens, patient-derived models, orthotopic animal models, and mechanistic rescue experiments is required to confirm its biological and translational significance.
Decreased miR-1305 expression is associated with tumour invasiveness and poor prognosis in glioma patients.
Wang Y, Guo M
Int J Neurosci · 2026 Jun · PMID 42333465 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Gliomas are highly prevalent and lethal primary malignant tumours of the central nervous system. MicroRNA plays a tumour-suppressive role in various tumours, including glioma. This study aims to elucidate t...
INTRODUCTION: Gliomas are highly prevalent and lethal primary malignant tumours of the central nervous system. MicroRNA plays a tumour-suppressive role in various tumours, including glioma. This study aims to elucidate the expression profile, clinical relevance, biological roles, and underlying mechanisms of miR-1305 in glioma. METHODS: Tumour tissues alongside their matched normal counterparts were acquired from 105 individuals with glioma. The expression of miR-1305 was quantified using RT‑qPCR. The relationship between miR-1305 expression, clinicopathological characteristics, and prognosis was assessed through Kaplan‑Meier analysis and Cox regression. The proliferative, migratory, and invasive capacities of glioma cells following miR-1305 modulation were assessed using CCK‑8 and Transwell assays. Potential target genes of miR-1305 were predicted bioinformatics analysis, and the direct targeting interactions were subsequently confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assays. RESULTS: A significant downregulation of miR-1305 was observed in glioma tissues. Low expression of miR-1305 was associated with increased tumour size, poorer KPS score, and higher WHO tumour grade ( < 0.05). Patients exhibiting low miR-1305 levels experienced decreased overall survival; multivariate analysis identified this marker as an independent prognostic factor. Functional assays showed miR-1305 overexpression inhibited glioma cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Mechanistically, WNK3 was a direct target of miR-1305, exhibited inverse correlation in glioma, and its overexpression rescued miR-1305-mediated suppression of malignant phenotypes. CONCLUSION: Low miR-1305 expression is associated with an adverse prognosis in glioma; it exerts tumour-suppressive effects by targeting WNK3 and inhibiting disease progression.
Astaxanthin alleviates ischemia-reperfusion injury by regulating the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.
Zhang Y, Jiang J, Ma Z … +1 more , Gong H
Int J Neurosci · 2026 Jun · PMID 42310989 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) lacks effective treatments. Astaxanthin (AST) ameliorates CIRI, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. METHODS: An oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (...
BACKGROUND: Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) lacks effective treatments. Astaxanthin (AST) ameliorates CIRI, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. METHODS: An oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) model in PC12 cells and a middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) rat model were used. Cell viability (MTT), apoptosis (flow cytometry), oxidative damage (8-OHdG, 4-HNE, MDA, ROS), inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, MCP-1), and JAK2/STAT3 pathway proteins (p-JAK2, p-STAT3) were assessed, with or without AST treatment and JAK2 agonist intervention. RESULTS: OGD/R significantly reduced PC12 cell viability, increased apoptosis, and elevated oxidative and inflammatory markers, while activating JAK2/STAT3. AST treatment reversed these effects-promoting proliferation, inhibiting apoptosis, and reducing damage markers. AST also suppressed p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 expression. Activation of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway abolished AST's protective effects against OGD/R-induced damage. In vivo, AST effectively alleviated ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.
Clinical efficacy of cryopreserved autologous bone flaps versus titanium plates for cranioplasty: a retrospective comparative study.
Tao J, Wang Z, Lin C … +1 more , Dong S
Int J Neurosci · 2026 Jul · PMID 42299907 · Publisher ↗
AIM: To compare the clinical efficacy and safety of cryopreserved autologous bone flaps versus titanium plates for cranioplasty in patients with cranial defects. METHODS: Sixty patients with cranial defects admitted to o...
AIM: To compare the clinical efficacy and safety of cryopreserved autologous bone flaps versus titanium plates for cranioplasty in patients with cranial defects. METHODS: Sixty patients with cranial defects admitted to our hospital from January 2021 to June 2024 were retrospectively selected. They were assigned to the autologous bone group ( = 30, cranioplasty with cryopreserved autologous bone flaps) and the titanium plate group ( = 30, cranioplasty with titanium plates) according to the reconstruction material. The perioperative indicators, outcome for cranioplasty, neurological function recovery, incidence of complications, and treatment costs were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The autologous bone group exhibited significantly better outcomes for cranioplasty at 3 and 6 months postoperatively than the titanium plate group ( < 0.05). At 6 months postoperatively, the autologous bone group exhibited significantly higher NIHSS scores than the titanium plate group ( < 0.05). The intracranial pressure levels were significantly lower at all postoperative time points in the autologous bone group than in the titanium plate group ( < 0.05). The autologous bone group demonstrated faster recovery of inflammatory indicators, lower overall incidence of complications (6.67% vs. 30.00%) (=4.588, = 0.032), and lower hospitalization costs and material expenses than the titanium plate group ( < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Cryopreservation of autologous bone flaps for cranioplasty is associated with improved bone healing, better neurological recovery, reduced complication rates, and lower medical costs. However, these observational findings require further validation through prospective randomized controlled trials. Nevertheless, the current evidence supports the potential clinical application of this technique when feasible.
Sericin improves diabetic cognitive impairment in rats by inhibiting TXNIP/NLRP3 neuroinflammation through SIRT1.
Yi D, Lang X, Li J … +7 more , Cui H, Ye Y, Ling Y, Zhou Y, Chen S, Wang Y, Wen P
Int J Neurosci · 2026 Jun · PMID 42295140 · Publisher ↗
This study aimed to examine the effects of sericin on diabetic cognitive impairment (DCI) in rats based on neuroinflammation. SD rats were first fed with a high sugar and high fat diet for 4 weeks, and then injected with...
This study aimed to examine the effects of sericin on diabetic cognitive impairment (DCI) in rats based on neuroinflammation. SD rats were first fed with a high sugar and high fat diet for 4 weeks, and then injected with 50 mg/kg streptozotocin intraperitoneally to establish a diabetic model. The diabetic rats were randomly divided into 3 groups and treated with distilled water ( = 10), 500 mg/kg ( = 10) or 1000 mg/kg ( = 20) sericin, respectively, by gavage once a day for 8 weeks. Before the end of the trial, 10 rats in the 1000 mg/kg sericin group were injected with 10 μg EX527, a Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) inhibitor, into the lateral ventricles once every other day for 5 times. Treated with sericin significantly reduced fasting blood glucose and improved DCI in rats. Sericin significantly inhibited neuroinflammation and microglial activation, reduced the expression of NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) and thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) proteins, and reduced cell apoptosis, while increasing the expression of SIRT1 protein in the hippocampus of diabetic rats. After inhibiting SIRT1 with EX527, the above effect of sericin on DCI rats was weakened. These results indicated that sericin may block DCI progression in rats by inhibiting TXNIP/NLRP3 neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis through SIRT1.
Identification of traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage associated metabolites using untargeted metabolomics.
Wang W, Zheng W, Lu X
Int J Neurosci · 2026 Jun · PMID 42283270 · Publisher ↗
Traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage (TICH) is a severe neurological emergency whose metabolic mechanisms remain largely unresolved. This study used serum metabolomics analysis to compare the metabolic profiles of TICH pat...
Traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage (TICH) is a severe neurological emergency whose metabolic mechanisms remain largely unresolved. This study used serum metabolomics analysis to compare the metabolic profiles of TICH patients ( = 10) with non-TICH controls ( = 10). LC-MS/MS analysis identified a total of 3183 metabolites. The relative abundances of benzene and its derivatives, organic acids and their derivatives were significantly increased in the serum of ICH patients, while fatty acid, glycerophospholipid, and sphingomyelin metabolites were generally decreased. Multidimensional statistical methods were used to screen for significantly differentially expressed metabolites. Metabolite regulatory networks revealed the potential roles of amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism (GP/SP/FA), and aromatic compounds (benzenes) in regulating TICH metabolism. Enrichment analysis revealed that these metabolites were highly enriched in lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and neural signaling pathways, and were significantly associated with inflammatory drug pathways. The differentially expressed metabolites were further mapped to the Human Metabolite Database (HMDB) and subjected to metabolic-disease association analysis, suggesting that these metabolites may be closely related to the pathogenesis of TICH. ROC analysis demonstrated good diagnostic performance of five key metabolites in both discovery and validation cohorts (AUC > 0.70), with hypoxanthine and L-histidine showing the highest accuracy (AUC > 0.93). Correlation analysis indicated that key metabolites were associated with hematoma volume, NIHSS and GCS scores. experiments further confirmed that, under conditions of neuronal injury, the changes in these metabolites exhibit consistency. This study provides a theoretical basis for the development of potential biomarkers and precise intervention strategies.
Prognostic role of admission neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in acute ischemic stroke: a systematic review and updated meta-analysis of 31,835 patients.
Sabet H, Abbas A, Abo-Elnour DE … +18 more , Hasan MT, Elshahat A, Samir A, Abouelmagd ME, Amin AM, Mansour A, Mohamed HM, Youssef RA, Elmashad A, Naghani IM, Soldozy S, Lashin B, Elshahat A, Meshref M, Elfil M, Kaur G, Gandhi CD, Al-Mufti F
Int J Neurosci · 2026 Jun · PMID 42267389 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association of admission neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) with functional outcomes, intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), and mortality in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). METHODS: We se...
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association of admission neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) with functional outcomes, intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), and mortality in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). METHODS: We searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Embase from inception until December 17, 2024. Studies examining admission NLR as a predictor for functional outcomes, ICH, and mortality in AIS patients were included. A meta-analysis was performed using pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup analyses were conducted based on treatment modality, time of measurement, hemorrhage type, and ethnicity. Heterogeneity was assessed using I statistics, and publication bias was evaluated using Egger's test. RESULTS: Sixty observational studies (31,853 patients), including 59 cohort studies and one cross-sectional study, were included. Higher admission NLR was significantly associated with unfavorable functional outcomes (OR: 1.10, 95% CI: [1.07, 1.14]), ICH (OR: 1.06, 95% CI: [1.03, 1.09]), and mortality (OR: 1.06, 95% CI: [1.04, 1.08]). Subgroup analysis indicated that NLR was associated with poor outcomes in AIS patients receiving mechanical thrombectomy and intravenous thrombolysis. CONCLUSION: Admission NLR is significantly associated with unfavorable functional outcomes, ICH, and mortality in AIS patients. Its predictive value remained evident in the MT and Asian subgroups; however, the association with unfavorable functional outcomes was not significant in the non-Asian subgroup, and the association with mortality in the IVT subgroup was also not significant. Given its accessibility and cost-effectiveness, NLR holds promise as a routine biomarker for stroke prognosis.
Prophylactic glycyrrhizin attenuates sevoflurane-surgery-induced recognition memory deficit and neuroinflammation in middle-aged mice via HMGB1-TLR4 pathway modulation.
Yang H, Liu Y, Zhang F … +6 more , Jiang Y, Shuai N, Li X, Xiao L, Liu Z, Xu S
Int J Neurosci · 2026 Jun · PMID 42260977 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PNDs) encompass delayed neurocognitive recovery (dNCR; ≤30 days) and postoperative neurocognitive disorder (NCD; >30 days). While the HMGB1-TLR4/NF-κB axis drives acute...
BACKGROUND: Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PNDs) encompass delayed neurocognitive recovery (dNCR; ≤30 days) and postoperative neurocognitive disorder (NCD; >30 days). While the HMGB1-TLR4/NF-κB axis drives acute neuroinflammation, temporal dynamics beyond the acute phase and distinct contributions of HMGB1 versus TLR4 to dNCR-to-NCD transition remain elusive. This study investigated whether glycyrrhizin attenuates sevoflurane-surgery-induced recognition memory deficit HMGB1-TLR4 modulation. METHODS: Eight-month-old male C57BL/6J mice underwent right common carotid artery dissection under prolonged sevoflurane anesthesia (3%, 2 h) with or without glycyrrhizin pretreatment (30 mg/kg, i.p.; = 15/group for batch 1, = 7/group for batch 2). Cognitive function was assessed open field, novel object recognition, Y-maze, and Morris water maze. Hippocampal neuroinflammation , HMGB1-TLR4-NF-κB signaling, synaptic proteins , and Nissl staining were evaluated at postoperative days 7 and 20. RESULTS: Prolonged sevoflurane exposure combined with surgery induced recognition memory impairment and reduced platform crossings, both attenuated by glycyrrhizin. While peripheral IL-6 normalized by day 7, hippocampal cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α) and glial activation persisted through day 20. HMGB1 was elevated at day 7 but normalized by day 20, whereas TLR4/NF-κB remained elevated at both time points; glycyrrhizin suppressed this cascade. Synaptic proteins were reduced and CA3/dentate gyrus exhibited Nissl staining reductions at days 7 and 20, protected by glycyrrhizin, whereas CA1 showed no significant alterations. CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate temporal dissociation between HMGB1 normalization and sustained TLR4/NF-κB activation following sevoflurane-surgery in middle-aged mice. Prophylactic glycyrrhizin attenuates recognition memory deficits and suppresses hippocampal neuroinflammation, though mechanistic inferences remain speculative and require rigorous validation.
Developing an advanced deep learning-based MR image framework for brain stroke segmentation and classification with novel activation function.
Jesila Mol J, Jancy S
Int J Neurosci · 2026 Jun · PMID 42252862 · Publisher ↗
AIM: Stroke is considered as one of the most prevalent causes of death and disability for the humans, although it is preventable and treatable. Earlier stroke detection and treatment management helps in enhancing the cli...
AIM: Stroke is considered as one of the most prevalent causes of death and disability for the humans, although it is preventable and treatable. Earlier stroke detection and treatment management helps in enhancing the clinical outcomes, thereby significantly minimizing the risk of disease. Thus, this work presents a sophisticated deep learning-based stroke prediction framework using the Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and provides specialized and flexible diagnostic guidance. METHODS: The developed stroke detection system begins by collecting the required MR images in the benchmark sources. Further, the gathered MR images are fed to the stroke lesion segmentation using the developed Region Masked Attention-based Multi-Dilated Inception Unet++ (RMA-MIUnet++), which is accurately focus on stroke-affected regions. The segmented images are acquired as the outcomes from the proposed RMA-MIUnet++ model. These segmented images are further classified in the developed Efficient InceptionV3 with Novel Activation Function (EIV3-NAF)-based stroke classification model. RESULTS: The experimental validation is performed on the developed system by comparing it with other conventional methods. When considering the batch size at 48, the accuracy of the proposed model for dataset 1 is 97% and dataset 2 is 93.26%. CONCLUSION: The results achieved by the developed EIV3-NAF model clearly show enriched performance in classifying the strokes.
Bobcat-optimized hybrid quantum-classical spike-driven network for MRI-based Alzheimer's stage prediction.
G D, K P, S R … +1 more , Vijaya Lakshmi TR
Int J Neurosci · 2026 Jun · PMID 42240303 · Publisher ↗
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that severely affects memory, cognition, and behavioral functions, making early and accurate stage classification essential for timely clinical interve...
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that severely affects memory, cognition, and behavioral functions, making early and accurate stage classification essential for timely clinical intervention and treatment planning. Conventional MRI-based diagnostic approaches are often limited by noise sensitivity, manual interpretation, and insufficient capability to model complex non-linear neuroimaging relationships across multiple disease stages. To address these limitations, this paper proposes a novel Hybrid Quantum-Classical Spike-Driven Network optimized with the Bobcat Optimization Algorithm(HQSDNet-BOA)for automated multistage AD classification using MRI data. The suggested framework introduces an integrated architecture that combines Square Root Sage-Husa Adaptive Robust Kalman Filtering(SRS-HARKF)for adaptive noise suppression and covariance stabilization, Graph-Enhanced Fuzzy Clustering (GEFC)for structurally consistent brain tissue segmentation, and a Hybrid Structural Graph Attention Network(HSGAN)for learning discriminative local-global anatomical representations. Moreover, Hybrid Quantum-Classical Spike-Driven Network (HQSDNet), which incorporates quantum convolutional learning, spike-driven transformers, and structural attention schemes, is designed to precisely identify nonlinear and spatial-temporal disease patterns. Bobcat Optimization Algorithm (BOA) is used for optimizing network parameters in real-time to ensure convergence efficiency and computational optimization. This study was performed using two datasets: ADNI (5,300 images representing five disease stages) and OASIS-3 (3,712 images representing three cognitive classes). The suggested HQSDNet-BOA yielded improved classification results with 98.8% accuracy, 98.0% precision, 98.5% recall, and 98.25% F1-score when applied to the ADNI dataset and outperformed the existing techniques in terms of computational speed. The obtained results confirm that the suggested framework provides a robust, efficient, and clinically relevant solution for accurate AD stage prediction and neuroimaging-based diagnostic support.
Retraction.
Int J Neurosci · 2026 Jun · PMID 42231662 · Publisher ↗
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
Early Bobath-based neurorehabilitation after mechanical thrombectomy for moderate-to-severe hemiparesis: preliminary findings from a propensity score-matched cohort study.
Wang J, Hao D, Lu Y
Int J Neurosci · 2026 Jun · PMID 42230331 · Publisher ↗
AIM: This study aimed to evaluate whether early Bobath-based neurorehabilitation improves motor and functional recovery in patients with acute ischemic stroke and moderate-to-severe hemiparesis after anterior-circulation...
AIM: This study aimed to evaluate whether early Bobath-based neurorehabilitation improves motor and functional recovery in patients with acute ischemic stroke and moderate-to-severe hemiparesis after anterior-circulation mechanical thrombectomy. METHODS: We conducted a single-center retrospective propensity score-matched cohort study comparing early Bobath-based neurorehabilitation with conventional rehabilitation in AIS patients with moderate-to-severe hemiparesis after anterior-circulation mechanical thrombectomy. Patients aged ≥18 years initiated rehabilitation within 30 days after the procedure, and complete discharge and follow-up data were required for inclusion in the matched cohort. The primary outcome was change in Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) motor score from baseline to discharge. Secondary outcomes included Modified Barthel Index (MBI), Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), modified Rankin Scale (mRS), quality of life, and safety outcomes during 12-month follow-up. RESULTS: After matching, 206 patients (103 per group) were included. At discharge, the Bobath group showed greater improvement in motor function and daily living ability than the conventional group (adjusted mean difference: FMA 5.7 points, 95% CI 3.4-8.0; MBI 6.6 points, 95% CI 4.0-9.3; both < 0.001). Improvements remained significant at 3 months but not at 12 months. Functional independence (mRS ≤2) at 3 months was more frequent in the Bobath group (82.5% vs 73.8%; = 0.05). Complication rates were similar between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Early Bobath-based neurorehabilitation is associated with better short-term motor and functional recovery without increased adverse events after mechanical thrombectomy. The between-group differences attenuated by 12 months; therefore, further multicenter prospective studies are needed to confirm durability and long-term benefit.
Retraction.
Int J Neurosci · 2026 Jun · PMID 42227753 · Publisher ↗
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
Enhancing stroke recovery: the role of upper limb rehabilitation robot-assisted training.
Wu D, Li L, Fang C … +1 more , Luo X
Int J Neurosci · 2026 Jun · PMID 42219377 · Publisher ↗
AIM: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical value of upper limb rehabilitation robot-assisted training in stroke patients. METHODS: A total of 101 stroke patients were assigned to either conventional rehabilitation pl...
AIM: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical value of upper limb rehabilitation robot-assisted training in stroke patients. METHODS: A total of 101 stroke patients were assigned to either conventional rehabilitation plus robot-assisted upper limb training ( = 50) or conventional rehabilitation alone ( = 51). The Fugl-Meyer Assessment of the Upper Extremity (FMA-UE), Modified Ashworth Scale for Upper Extremity (MAS-UE), Action Research Arm Test (ARAT), Functional Independence Measure (FIM) and quality-of-life outcomes were assessed. Oxygenated haemoglobin (HbO) levels in the affected primary motor cortex (M1), premotor cortex (PMC) and supplementary motor area (SMA) were measured. RESULTS: After treatment, both groups showed improvements in FMA-UE, MAS-UE, ARAT and FIM scores, with no significant difference between the groups. Quality of life improved in both groups; however, the study group had significantly higher post-treatment scores in the environmental, physical, social and psychological domains than the control group ( = 0.000). After treatment, HbO levels in the affected M1, PMC and SMA increased in both groups, with the study group showing higher levels ( < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Upper limb rehabilitation robot-assisted training improved quality of life and cortical activation in stroke patients but showed no additional benefit in motor function compared with conventional rehabilitation.
From imaging to molecular pathways: a comprehensive narrative review of the distinctive landscape of secretory meningioma.
Shahabinejad E, Kamali M, Shakoeizadeh A … +7 more , Falakian Z, Foroughi Eghbal A, Alipour SM, Krywyj M, Sheehan JP, Alrashidi Q, Borghei-Razavi H
Int J Neurosci · 2026 Jun · PMID 42217213 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Secretory meningioma (SM) is an uncommon variety of meningioma, representing about 1-3% of cases. Notwithstanding its benign classification, SM is frequently associated with excessive peritumoral brain edema...
BACKGROUND: Secretory meningioma (SM) is an uncommon variety of meningioma, representing about 1-3% of cases. Notwithstanding its benign classification, SM is frequently associated with excessive peritumoral brain edema (PTBE), resulting in considerable morbidity. This study examines the epidemiology, clinical presentation, imaging characteristics, histological features, immuno-histochemical profile and genetic landscape of SM, along with management methods and results. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a structured search in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science up up to October 2025 using keywords including "secretory meningioma" "meningioma", "peritumoral brain edema", and related terms. Original and review articles in English were included. Relevant data were extracted and narratively synthesized covering clinical, radiological, pathological, and genetic features. RESULTS: SM is defined by the presence of pseudopsammoma bodies, pronounced immunoreactivity for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), and a unique molecular profile featuring KLF4 K409Q and TRAF7 mutations. Radiologically, PTBE is characterized by fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) hyperintensity and increased apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values serves as critical diagnostic indicators. While surgical gross complete resection is the gold standard, significant postoperative tumor bed edema complicates perioperative treatment and may necessitate additional therapies. CONCLUSION: Identifying SM as a unique clinical entity is essential for diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic approaches.
Proteomic and transcriptomic analyses identify the role of RBM25 in the malignant progression of glioma.
Xu X, Wang J, Xue M … +1 more , Feng L
Int J Neurosci · 2026 Jun · PMID 42216302 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Glioma is a primary tumor derived from central nervous system glial cells. RNA binding motif protein 25 (RBM25) has been implicated in glioma progression, yet its underlying molecular mechanism remains incomp...
BACKGROUND: Glioma is a primary tumor derived from central nervous system glial cells. RNA binding motif protein 25 (RBM25) has been implicated in glioma progression, yet its underlying molecular mechanism remains incompletely understood. METHODS: In this study, glioma-related datasets were retrieved from the Proteomic Data Commons (PDC) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. Core glioma-associated targets were screened using machine learning algorithms. Protein expression was assessed by Western blot, while migration, and invasion, cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed by Transwell assay and flow cytometry. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and dual-luciferase reporter assays were used to validate the interaction between transcription factors and genes. RESULTS: Proteomic analysis revealed distinct differences between glioma and control groups, with differentially expressed proteins mainly enriched in mitochondrial energy metabolism, synaptic function, and neurodegenerative disease pathways. Transcriptomic profiles also exhibited significant alterations, with RBM25 and HSPA8 showing consistent changes at both protein and RNA levels. Multiple machine learning models identified RBM25, NKTR, MAP2K6, TRAPPC3, and HSPA8 as key genes associated with glioma, with RBM25 and NKTR showing strong relevance in model-based feature selection. RBM25 was upregulated in glioma and linked to neuronal signaling pathways, whereas HSPA8 and TRAPPC3 were downregulated. RBM25 knockdown suppressed glioma cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. CONCLUSION: RBM25 contributes to glioma malignancy and may serve as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for glioma.
A voyage on computer aided intelligent algorithms for the segmentation of brain tissues for neurodisorder diagnosis.
Subbiah Pillai Neelakanta Pillai K, Abdul Hamid NAW, Dafik D … +4 more , Ramasamy S, Subramanian SS, Sundaram A, Suriyan K
Int J Neurosci · 2026 Jun · PMID 42190614 · Publisher ↗
Neurodisorders pose a considerable burden to global health, frequently requiring early treatment and diagnosis to avoid irreversible cognitive and motor impairments. Segmentation of brain tissue is an essential task in n...
Neurodisorders pose a considerable burden to global health, frequently requiring early treatment and diagnosis to avoid irreversible cognitive and motor impairments. Segmentation of brain tissue is an essential task in neurodiagnostics due to its inability to accurately separate grey matter, white matter and cerebrospinal fluid within imaging modalities like MRI and CT. This article reviews the progress of brain tissue segmentation techniques from manual and semi-automated approaches to sophisticated machine learning and deep learning algorithms. It discusses how these contemporary methodologies enhance segmentation quality, address difficult anatomical variation and optimize diagnostic accuracy in diseases like Alzheimer's, multiple sclerosis, traumatic brain injury and stroke. This research work compares supervised, unsupervised and deep learning paradigms on the basis of their advantages, disadvantages and potential use in clinical settings. In addition, it presents hybrid and ensemble methods that blend conventional and AI-based approaches to mitigate obstacles such as data heterogeneity, annotation limitations and interpretability. This survey details the revolutionizing potential of machine learning in neuroimaging and ultimately seeks to facilitate early diagnosis, treatment planning and individualized healthcare provision for neurological diseases.
Efficacy of decompressive craniectomy on long-term functional outcomes in patients with severe acquired brain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Guo L, Zhao J
Int J Neurosci · 2026 Jun · PMID 42144274 · Publisher ↗
AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of decompressive craniectomy (DC) on long-term functional outcomes in patients with severe acquired brain injury (ABI) through systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: We conducted a sy...
AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of decompressive craniectomy (DC) on long-term functional outcomes in patients with severe acquired brain injury (ABI) through systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies from 2010 to 2025. Nine studies (5 RCTs and 4 cohorts) with 3866 patients were included after quality assessment. Analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4. RESULTS: DC significantly improved functional outcomes at 12 months (OR = 3.63, 95% CI: 1.45-9.10) and reduced 12-month mortality (OR = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.21-0.90), despite high heterogeneity for mortality. No significant benefit was found for 6-month functional outcomes or complication rates. Subgroup analyses indicated that the survival benefit was more pronounced in Asian populations, and functional improvement was significant for both traumatic and non-TBI patients. CONCLUSIONS: DC provides significant long-term benefits for functional outcomes and survival in severe ABI patients, without increasing short-term complications. Its efficacy varies by ethnicity and etiology, suggesting a need for personalized treatment decisions.
Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness as a marker of neurodegeneration in epilepsy.
Masoud MM, Mohamed AAM, Hussein M … +3 more , Samir AM, Kamel SHE, Essam AM
Int J Neurosci · 2026 Jul · PMID 42060940 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: The relationship between epilepsy and neurodegeneration has recently been a subject of debate, particularly regarding whether neurodegeneration is a cause or a consequence of epilepsy. Given that the retina i...
OBJECTIVES: The relationship between epilepsy and neurodegeneration has recently been a subject of debate, particularly regarding whether neurodegeneration is a cause or a consequence of epilepsy. Given that the retina is an extension of the brain and closely connected to it, retinal layer thickness can serve as a biological marker of neurodegeneration. The aim of this work was to measure retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in patients with epilepsy in comparison to healthy controls, and to study the impact of epilepsy duration and seizure frequency on RNFL thickness in those patients. METHODS: This case-control study was conducted on 53 patients matched clinical definition of epilepsy established by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) 2017, and 50 healthy controls. Cognitive assessment using Montreal cognitive assessment scale (MOCA), and measurement of RNFL thickness using Spectral domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT), were done to all included patients and controls. RESULTS: The peripapillary RNFL thickness (superior, inferior & average) were all significantly reduced in both eyes in epileptic patients compared to healthy controls (-value <0.05). There was a statistically significant difference between epileptic patients and controls regarding MOCA score. There was no statistically significant impact of seizure control, history of status epilepticus, anti-epileptic drugs, seizure frequency, or disease duration on RNFL thickness. CONCLUSION: There was a statistically significant reduction of the retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in epileptic patients in comparison to healthy controls. Epileptic patients had significant impairment in cognitive functions in comparison to healthy controls.
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