The International Journal Of Neuroscience[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
The effect of cognitive emotional states on physiological productivity.
Dalfidan D, Gunduz T
Int J Neurosci · 2026 Apr · PMID 41273292 · Publisher ↗
Emotional states are fundamental attributes distinguishing humans from machines, and productivity represents one of the primary life objectives for this emotionally driven being. However, existing research on productivit...
Emotional states are fundamental attributes distinguishing humans from machines, and productivity represents one of the primary life objectives for this emotionally driven being. However, existing research on productivity and job performance frequently underestimates the impact of underlying emotional mechanisms. Thus, a systematic examination of the emotion-productivity interface is essential to clarify the psychophysiological processes that regulate work efficiency. In this study, emotional induction was achieved through a curated video stimulus set designed to evoke positive (happiness) and negative (sadness) responses in 39 participants, followed by a computer-based Stroop task. Electroencephalography (EEG) was employed to capture emotional states within the two-dimensional valence-arousal framework. During task performance, parameters related to productivity metrics were recorded. Three machine learning models - Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Support Vector Machines (SVM), and Random Forest (RF) - were implemented to predict productivity levels. For positive emotions, mean absolute error (MAE) values were 0.1031 (ANN), 0.0760 (SVM), and 0.0721 (RF). For negative emotions, the values were 0.1165, 0.0902, and 0.0659, respectively. Results demonstrated that productivity levels increased during tasks performed after the induction of positive emotions. Overall, this study provides empirical evidence that productivity can be predicted from emotional states, emphasizing their integral role in cognitive processes and their potential utility for optimizing workplace performance.
EEG spectral power differences in Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia.
Pan Y, Zhu L, Wang ZL
Int J Neurosci · 2026 Apr · PMID 41246936 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Differentiating between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) based on clinical symptoms alone can be challenging. This study investigates the utility of resting-state EEG spectral power...
BACKGROUND: Differentiating between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) based on clinical symptoms alone can be challenging. This study investigates the utility of resting-state EEG spectral power as a tool to distinguish between these two neurodegenerative conditions. METHODS: We analyzed a publicly available dataset containing EEG recordings from 36 AD patients, 23 FTD patients, and 29 age-matched healthy controls (HC). Spectral power across delta, theta, alpha, and beta frequency bands was computed for both eyes-closed and eyes-open conditions. Rigorous statistical analysis with FDR correction was employed to identify group differences. To further investigate the relationship between EEG spectral alterations and clinical cognitive status, a correlation analysis was conducted. RESULTS: Both patient groups showed significant deviations from HC, but with distinct patterns. AD was characterized by a classic pattern of posterior alpha power decrease and frontal theta power increase. In contrast, FTD showed a more focused reduction of alpha power at frontal and central sites. These patterns were robust across both eyes-closed and eyes-open states, suggesting their potential as stable biomarkers. The spectral features showed limited correlation with MMSE scores, indicating they may capture unique aspects of neuropathology not reflected in standard cognitive screening. CONCLUSION: Resting-state EEG reveals distinct spectral signatures for AD and FTD, supporting its potential as a low-cost, non-invasive adjunctive tool for differential diagnosis. The replication of these findings in an independent, open-access dataset underscores their reliability and provides a foundation for developing automated diagnostic algorithms.
Prognostic value of cardiac troponin I in acute ischemic stroke patients treated with reperfusion therapy: a multicenter retrospective cohort study.
Loggini A, Bonin Pinto C, Von Hagn H … +7 more , Boada Robayo L, Schwertman A, Pixley K, Nagai M, Sajid A, Lawson T, Saleh Velez FG
Int J Neurosci · 2026 Apr · PMID 41236729 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: We aimed to evaluate the association between elevated cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and clinical outcomes in AIS patients receiving reperfusion therapy. METHODS: We conducted a multicenter retrospective cohort st...
BACKGROUND: We aimed to evaluate the association between elevated cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and clinical outcomes in AIS patients receiving reperfusion therapy. METHODS: We conducted a multicenter retrospective cohort study of AIS patients treated with thrombolytics at Southern Illinois Healthcare and the University of Oklahoma (2017-2024). Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and radiographic data were collected. Elevation of cTnI was defined as levels above 0.028 ng/mL. For high sensitivity troponins, the cutoff was 15 ng/L for women and 20 ng/L for men. Outcomes included symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH), in-hospital mortality, and functional status at 30 days (good outcome defined as mRS ≤2). Overlap-weighted multivariable logistic regression was performed, adjusting for demographics, comorbidities, and stroke severity. RESULTS: Among 496 patients, 143 (29%) had elevated cTnI. Compared with patients with normal cTnI, those with elevated levels were older, had more vascular risk factors, and higher baseline NIHSS. Elevated cTnI was not significantly associated with sICH (OR:3.75, 95%CI 0.52-27.21, = 0.19), but was independently associated with increased in-hospital mortality (OR:1.96, 95%CI 1.62-6.20, = 0.025) and decreased odds of good functional outcome at 30 days (OR:0.40, 95%CI 0.19-0.84, = 0.016). Subgroup analyses showed these associations were most pronounced in older patients and in those with moderate (NIHSS 6-15) to severe (NIHSS 16-20 and > 20) strokes, whereas no significant relationships were observed in younger patients or mild strokes. Normalization of cTnI during hospitalization did not improve survival ( > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In our study, elevated cTnI on admission is an independent predictor of poor short-term outcomes in AIS patients treated with reperfusion therapy. Troponin measurement may provide important prognostic information, particularly in older patients and those with more severe strokes.
Incidence and risk factors for transient and permanent central diabetes insipidus following pituitary adenoma surgery: a single center study.
Davoudi Z, Shahriari S, Rezaei O … +10 more , Amirdosara M, Vakili K, Zangi M, Samadian M, Haghighimorad M, Ebrahimzade K, Mousavinejad SA, Sayehmiri F, Hallajnejad M, Sharifi G
Int J Neurosci · 2026 Apr · PMID 41221987 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Diabetes insipidus (DI) is a common complication following pituitary adenoma surgery, which can adversely affect patients' quality of life. This study aimed to clarify the types and frequency of DI in patient...
BACKGROUND: Diabetes insipidus (DI) is a common complication following pituitary adenoma surgery, which can adversely affect patients' quality of life. This study aimed to clarify the types and frequency of DI in patients undergoing surgery for pituitary adenomas. METHODS: This retrospective cross-sectional analytical study examined a cohort of patients ( = 532) with pituitary adenomas who underwent endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery (ETSS) at Loghman Hakim Hospital between 2017 and 2023. Comprehensive data collection included demographics, hormonal profiles, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and pathology results, enabling an in-depth analysis of DI incidence and associated risk factors post-surgery. Chi-square tests and logistic regression were employed to identify factors associated with DI. RESULTS: Transient DI was most prevalent in patients with Cushing's disease (77.8%), while permanent DI was more commonly observed in non-functional adenomas (7%). However, no significant differences in DI prevalence were identified between adenoma types ( = .57 for transient DI, = .89 for permanent DI). Tumor size and higher preoperative sodium levels were associated with transient and permanent DI in non-functional adenomas ( = .02, = .026) and acromegaly ( = .012). Suprasellar extension correlated with transient DI in acromegaly ( = .01), while postoperative meningitis was significantly associated with transient DI in non-functional adenomas ( = .001). CONCLUSION: In the present study, tumor size, suprasellar extension and postoperative meningitis were linked to transient DI. In contrast, younger age, higher tumor volume and elevated mean 24-h postoperative sodium levels were associated with an increased risk of permanent DI.
Preliminary findings on a deep learning model using electroencephalogram for multi-level neuropathic pain detection in post-stroke patients.
Bobby J S, Francis SV, Ramya V S … +1 more , C L A
Int J Neurosci · 2026 Apr · PMID 41199478 · Publisher ↗
AIM: Neuropathic pain occurs commonly after stroke and represents a major source of disability for affected patients. This study aims to develop an accurate and computationally efficient framework for multi-level neuropa...
AIM: Neuropathic pain occurs commonly after stroke and represents a major source of disability for affected patients. This study aims to develop an accurate and computationally efficient framework for multi-level neuropathic pain detection using electroencephalography signals. METHODS: A Quantum-Inspired Pyramid Depthwise Separable Residual Network is proposed, which integrates three innovations: a depthwise separable Residual Network to reduce computational complexity, a pyramid attention mechanism to capture multi-scale patterns, and a quantum-inspired transformation layer to model complex nonlinear dependencies among Electroencephalogram features. RESULTS: Experiments conducted on benchmark electroencephalography datasets confirm that the proposed model gains a accuracy of 99.65%, with a recall of 98.00%. CONCLUSION: The proposed model provides a reliable solution for objective neuropathic pain detection in post-stroke patients. The framework demonstrates potential for integration into intelligent clinical decision-support and brain-computer interface-based rehabilitation systems.
A study on the correlation between SIRT6 gene polymorphisms and glioma risk in Chinese Han population.
Gu L, Ke G, Ge Y … +4 more , Huang W, Peng Y, Zhang J, He X
Int J Neurosci · 2026 Apr · PMID 41182115 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Glioma is a common type of cancer of the central nervous system. Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) has been reported to be a tumor suppressor in gliomas. The relationship between SIRT6 and glioma susceptibility is unknown. W...
BACKGROUND: Glioma is a common type of cancer of the central nervous system. Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) has been reported to be a tumor suppressor in gliomas. The relationship between SIRT6 and glioma susceptibility is unknown. We aimed to investigate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of SIRT6 and the risk of glioma. METHODS: 205 glioma patients and 225 healthy controls were included in this study. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was performed. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the transcription level of SIRT6 in the plasma of patients and healthy individuals. RESULTS: The distribution of the A allele of rs350843 and the C allele of rs352493 in SIRT6 was significantly lower in glioma patients (All < 0.001). The distribution of the T allele of rs11878868 was significantly higher in glioma patients ( < 0.001). The distribution of the genotypes of the rs352493 and rs11878868 polymorphisms were independent risk predictor factors (All < 0.01). Furthermore, we found that the expression of SIRT6 in glioma patients was lower compared with control group ( < 0.001). The expression level of SIRT6 was lower in glioma patients with the TT genotype at rs11878868 (All < 0.01). There was no significant difference in the rs352493 and rs11878868 genotypes among the different subtypes (All > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that SIRT6 polymorphism is associated with the risk of glioma and has the potential to be used as a marker for predicting glioma.
CD39 CD4 T cells influence cluster headache risk via ADP/N-acetylneuraminate and choline metabolic pathways: evidence from Mendelian Randomization.
Zeng J, Yi Y, Xie H … +1 more , Zhu Y
Int J Neurosci · 2026 Apr · PMID 41139232 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: This study employs the Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to investigate the causal relationships among immune cells, cluster headache (CH), and potential mediation by serum metabolites. METHODS: Using geno...
OBJECTIVE: This study employs the Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to investigate the causal relationships among immune cells, cluster headache (CH), and potential mediation by serum metabolites. METHODS: Using genome-wide association study (GWAS) data, MR analyses were conducted on 731 immune cell phenotypes, 1400 serum metabolites, and CH. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was employed as the primary analytical approach, supplemented by MR-Egger and weighted median analyses. Stability of results was assessed using Cochran's Q and other statistical tests. RESULTS: The analysis identified a negative causal relationship between CD39 CD4 %T cells and CH, supported by sensitivity analyses. Reverse MR analysis showed no effect of CH on CD39 CD4 T cells, suggesting a unidirectional role of these cells in reducing CH risk. Further mediation MR analysis indicated that CD39 CD4 T cells may influence CH risk through the regulation of either the adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP) to N-acetylneuraminate ratio or the choline phosphate to phosphoethanolamine ratio, with mediation effect ratios of 12.4% and 12.5%, respectively. CONCLUSION: CD39 CD4 T cells may reduce CH risk by increasing the adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP) to N-acetylneuraminate ratio or the choline phosphate to phosphoethanolamine ratio. These findings provide novel insights into potential targets for the prevention and treatment of CH.
Correction.
Int J Neurosci · 2026 Apr · PMID 41132136 · Publisher ↗
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Deep machine learning methods for Parkinson's disease diagnosis: a new direction in decision-making systems.
Pradeep P, J K
Int J Neurosci · 2026 Apr · PMID 41121733 · Publisher ↗
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder primarily characterized by the gradual loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain's substantia nigra. The hallmark motor symptoms of PD include tr...
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder primarily characterized by the gradual loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain's substantia nigra. The hallmark motor symptoms of PD include tremors, bradykinesia (slowness of movement), rigidity (muscle stiffness) and postural instability. However, the disease also manifests with significant non-motor symptoms, such as cognitive decline, mood disorders, sleep disturbances and autonomic dysfunction, which further complicate the clinical images. Accurate and early diagnosis of PD is challenging due to the subtlety and gradual onset of symptoms, as well as the overlap with other neurodegenerative disorders. Traditional diagnostic methods rely heavily on clinical evaluations and motor symptom assessments, which can be subjective and not detect early or asymptomatic stages of the disease. To overcome these challenges, this work aims to propose a novel Feature-level fusion-enabled PD detection (FLF-PDD) system, integrating an improved bidirectional- gated recurrent unit (Bi-GRU) architecture. This model progresses through several stages: preprocessing, where an Enhanced Gaussian Filtering technique reduces image noise; feature extraction, employing methods, such as Enhanced Pyramid Histograms of Oriented Gradients (PHOG), Multi Texton, LGXP and color analysis; FLF, utilizing principal component analysis (PCA) and tanh normalization to combine extracted features from various MRI orientations; and disease detection, facilitated by the trained Improved Bi-GRU model on fused features to accurately diagnose PD symptoms. The FLF-PDD model undergoes rigorous evaluation to enhance diagnostic accuracy and deepen the understanding of PD progression.
Concomitant trends in stroke and COPD-related mortality in the U.S.: a 25-year retrospective analysis of the CDC WONDER database.
Javeid A, Nabi R, Affan M … +6 more , Farooqi HA, Ahmed S, Javeid J, Hassan W, Zahid T, Rajpar NA
Int J Neurosci · 2026 Apr · PMID 41105440 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and stroke are leading contributors to mortality and disability. We analyzed national trends in deaths attributed to co-occurring stroke and COPD in US adults from...
BACKGROUND: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and stroke are leading contributors to mortality and disability. We analyzed national trends in deaths attributed to co-occurring stroke and COPD in US adults from 1999-2023. METHODS: Using CDC WONDER multiple cause-of-death data for adults aged ≥25 years, we identified decedents with co-existent stroke (ICD-10 I60.x, I61.x, I63.x, I64, I69.0, I69.1, I69.3, I69.4) and COPD (J40-J44). Crude and age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) per 100,000 population were calculated using the 2000 US standard population. Joinpoint regression estimated annual percent changes (APCs) and identified trend inflection points. Analyses were stratified by sex, race/ethnicity, metropolitan status, and state. RESULTS: From 1999 to 2023, 311,375 deaths involved concurrent stroke and COPD. Overall AAMRs declined from 8.04 per 100,000 in 1999 to 5.17 in 2009 (APC -4.40%), with continued decline to 2018 (APC -1.34%). Rates then increased through 2020-2021 (APC +7.33%) before a modest decline toward 2023. Males consistently exhibited higher AAMRs than females. Non-Hispanic White adults had the highest AAMRs, whereas Hispanic and Asian/Pacific Islander groups had lower rates. Non-metropolitan areas experienced consistently higher AAMRs than metropolitan areas. State-level analyses identified the highest burdens in Appalachian and Deep South regions. CONCLUSION: Mortality from coexisting stroke and COPD declined for two decades but rose around the COVID-19 period, revealing significant sex, racial/ethnic, and geographic disparities. These findings highlight the need for targeted prevention, improved access to care for high-risk populations, and further research into mechanisms driving recent inflection points. Data and methods are detailed in the manuscript.
Predictive value of systemic immune-inflammation index and neutrophil to high-density lipoprotein ratio in acute ischemic stroke.
Meng L, Feng A, Ding Z
Int J Neurosci · 2026 Apr · PMID 41062437 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the predictive value of the Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII) and the neutrophil to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHR) for adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events...
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the predictive value of the Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII) and the neutrophil to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHR) for adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events in patients with acute stroke. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 260 acute stroke patients. Based on the occurrence of adverse events, patients were divided into a no-event group (Group A, = 195) and an event group (Group B, = 65). Risk factors were identified using logistic regression, and the predictive performance of SII and NHR was assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. RESULTS: Compared with Group B, Group A had a higher proportion of male patients, older age, smoking history, and elevated levels of white blood cell count, neutrophil percentage, lymphocyte percentage, platelet count, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and SII ( < 0.05). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses demonstrated that, after adjusting for confounding factors such as sex and age, SII and NHR were independent risk factors for postoperative adverse cardiovascular events in acute stroke patients. ROC curve analysis revealed that the area under the curve (AUC) values for SII, NHR, and their combined detection in predicting adverse cardiovascular events were 0.729, 0.626, and 0.916, respectively, with significant differences ( < 0.05). CONCLUSION: SII and NHR are independent predictors of recurrent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events in acute stroke patients. Combined detection of SII and NHR offers superior predictive performance.
A novel machine learning-based method to quantify the effect of transcranial direct current stimulation on opioid users.
Kazemzadeh F, Jabbari S, Perseh B … +3 more , Eskandari Z, Faridi A, Ahmadi D
Int J Neurosci · 2026 Apr · PMID 41032011 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Opioid addiction is a major public health concern, associated with numerous health and social problems. Conventional diagnostic methods for addiction have notable limitations, highlighting the need for altern...
BACKGROUND: Opioid addiction is a major public health concern, associated with numerous health and social problems. Conventional diagnostic methods for addiction have notable limitations, highlighting the need for alternative approaches. METHODS: This study investigates the use of electroencephalography (EEG) signals in conjunction with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for the diagnosis and treatment of opioid addiction. Thirty-six male patients undergoing methadone maintenance treatment were recruited and randomly assigned to three groups: Group A received left anodal/right cathodal tDCS (), Group B received right anodal/left cathodal tDCS (), and Group C received sham stimulation (). EEG recordings were obtained from all participants before and after tDCS, as well as from 24 healthy controls. Machine learning techniques were applied to develop an optimized algorithm capable of distinguishing between healthy and addicted individuals by selectively analyzing addiction-affected EEG channels, thereby reducing processing time and costs. RESULTS: The proposed method achieved a diagnostic accuracy of 94.30%. In addition, the effects of tDCS on craving reduction were assessed using EEG signals, psychological questionnaires, and blood biomarkers. Significant reductions in craving levels were observed in Groups A and B. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that tDCS can be an effective intervention for reducing craving in patients with opioid addiction.
Dual-feature cross-fusion network for precise brain tumor classification: a neurocomputational approach.
M M, G S, Bendre M … +1 more , Nirmal M
Int J Neurosci · 2026 Apr · PMID 40986620 · Publisher ↗
Brain tumors represent a significant neurological challenge, affecting individuals across all age groups. Accurate and timely diagnosis of tumor types is critical for effective treatment planning. Magnetic Resonance Imag...
Brain tumors represent a significant neurological challenge, affecting individuals across all age groups. Accurate and timely diagnosis of tumor types is critical for effective treatment planning. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) remains a primary diagnostic modality due to its non-invasive nature and ability to provide detailed brain imaging. However, traditional tumor classification relies on expert interpretation, which is time-consuming and prone to subjectivity. This study proposes a novel deep learning architecture, the Dual-Feature Cross-Fusion Network (DF-CFN), for the automated classification of brain tumors using MRI data. The model integrates ConvNeXt for capturing global contextual features and a shallow CNN combined with Feature Channel Attention Network (FcaNet) for extracting local features. These are fused through a cross-feature fusion mechanism for improved classification. The model is trained and validated using a Kaggle dataset encompassing four tumor classes (glioma, meningioma, pituitary and non-tumor), achieving an accuracy of 99.33%. Its generalizability is further confirmed using the FigShare dataset, yielding 99.22% accuracy. Comparative analyses with baseline and recent models validate the superiority of DF-CFN in terms of precision and robustness. This approach demonstrates strong potential for assisting clinicians in reliable brain tumor classification, thereby improving diagnostic efficiency and reducing the burden on healthcare professionals.
Research progress on histone lactylation modification in ischemic stroke: mechanisms and therapeutic potential.
Tingting W, Yushan C, Shuangshuang W
Int J Neurosci · 2026 Mar · PMID 40898599 · Publisher ↗
Ischemic stroke (IS) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, with a complex pathogenesis involving neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and disruption of the blood-brain barrier. Recent research has brought...
Ischemic stroke (IS) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, with a complex pathogenesis involving neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and disruption of the blood-brain barrier. Recent research has brought histone lactylation into focus as a novel epigenetic modification that plays a crucial role in IS. Under cerebral ischemia and hypoxia, lactate levels rise, providing an alternative energy source to support ischemic brain regions. Lactate also functions as a signaling molecule, regulating key processes such as neuroprotection, angiogenesis, and anti-inflammatory responses. This review synthesizes the current research on histone lactylation in IS, emphasizing its role in neuronal survival, inflammatory regulation, and blood-brain barrier integrity. A comprehensive literature review was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, focusing on studies published from 2015 to 2023. Additionally, the review explores the potential of histone lactylation as a therapeutic target for post-stroke recovery. Histone lactylation can be targeted therapeutically through the use of specific inhibitors or enhancers of acetyltransferase and deacetylase enzymes, offering a promising strategy for modulating stroke-related cellular processes. By integrating recent findings, this review aims to provide new insights into ischemic stroke and promote the development of innovative therapeutic strategies.
Analysis of the clinical effects of the transvertebral anterior approach for contralateral C7 nerve translocation in treating Central upper limb paralysis: a retrospective study.
Guo S, Zhang B, Liu X … +5 more , Xiao J, Li B, Ma W, Kang J, Dong C
Int J Neurosci · 2026 Mar · PMID 40793249 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical efficacy of the transvertebral anterior approach to contralateral C7 nerve translocation for treating patients with upper limb spastic hemiparesis caused by central nerve injury. ME...
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical efficacy of the transvertebral anterior approach to contralateral C7 nerve translocation for treating patients with upper limb spastic hemiparesis caused by central nerve injury. METHODS: Clinical data from 30 patients with central upper limb spastic hemiplegia were included in the study. All patients underwent rehabilitation exercises before surgery. As no significant improvement in motor function or muscle tone of the paralyzed upper limb was observed, contralateral C7 nerve translocation was performed. Changes in motor function of the paralyzed upper limb were assessed using the Fugl-Meyer Motor Function Assessment Scale (FMA) and Brunnstrom Staging Scale (BSS). Changes in muscle tone were evaluated using the Modified Ashworth Spasticity Rating Scale (MAS). Generalized estimating equation (GEE) analysis was performed using the preoperative FMA, BSS, and MAS scores as baseline values to assess improvements in motor function and muscle tone at 6 and 12 months postoperatively. RESULTS: Significant differences were observed in motor function (FMA score and BSS stage) and muscle tone (MAS score) of the paralyzed upper limb at 6 and 12 months post-surgery compared to baseline ( < 0.05) in 30 patients. Recovery of the paralyzed upper limb showed a time-dependent cumulative effect, with greater improvement observed at 12 months post-surgery than at 6 months. Recovery of limb function exhibited progressive improvement from the proximal to the distal end. CONCLUSION: Contralateral C7 nerve translocation helps improve central upper limb spastic paralysis and reduce muscle spasticity, thereby enhancing upper limb motor function.
L-3n-butylphthalide maintains BBB permeability and attenuates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats by increasing PGC-1 levels.
Wang Y, Shi X, Wu L … +1 more , Tian H
Int J Neurosci · 2026 Mar · PMID 40783381 · Publisher ↗
AIM: The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible mechanisms of DL-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) in maintaining the stability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and attenuating cerebral ischemia-reperfusion inju...
AIM: The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible mechanisms of DL-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) in maintaining the stability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and attenuating cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) by increasing the levels of PGC-1. METHODS: A model of middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) injury was established using Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats were divided into sham, MCAO/R, NBP, Vehicle and SR-18292 groups. 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, and Evans Blue staining were performed to observe the volume of cerebral infarction, status of pathological injury, and BBB permeability of the brain tissue, respectively. Immunofluorescence staining and western blot analysis were performed to evaluate the expression of vascular endothelial cell markers (vWF and CD31), tight junction (TJ) protein markers (claudin5 and occludin), and PGC-1. RESULTS: H&E staining showed that the brain tissues of MCAO/R rats showed worsening vacuolar degeneration and necrosis. NBP reduced infarct volume, decreased the level of BBB extravasation, increased vascular density, and promoted the expression of TJs. Concurrently, NBP activated PGC-1 levels in rats subjected to MCAO/R. Downregulation of PGC-1 levels by PGC-1 inhibitors (SR-18292) could promote BBB permeability, infarct volume, and neurological deficits in the MCAO/R model. CONCLUSIONS: The present study demonstrates that NBP plays a role in maintaining the stability of the BBB and attenuates CIRI by increasing PGC-1 levels as well as by increasing the levels of vascular endothelial cells and TJ markers.
Hippocampal neural stem cells in Alzheimer's disease: bridging neurogenesis, extracellular vesicles, and multimodal therapeutic paradigms.
Li R, Xiong W, Sun C
Int J Neurosci · 2026 Mar · PMID 40778542 · Publisher ↗
Alzheimer's disease (AD) presents a formidable challenge in neurodegenerative medicine because of its complex pathophysiology and the absence of effective disease-modifying therapies. Emerging evidence suggests that impa...
Alzheimer's disease (AD) presents a formidable challenge in neurodegenerative medicine because of its complex pathophysiology and the absence of effective disease-modifying therapies. Emerging evidence suggests that impaired adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN), a dynamic process essential for cognitive plasticity, is a mechanistic contributor to AD progression. This review highlights the role of hippocampal neural stem cells (NSCs) in the pathogenesis of AD, including the molecular mechanisms underlying the neurogenic decline in AD and their potential impact on cognitive resilience. We summarize current therapeutic approaches, including pharmacological agents and non-pharmacological interventions (e.g. exercise, cognitive training, dietary strategies, and neurostimulation therapies), and explore their influence on neurogenesis. Additionally, we explore the potential application of NSCs in AD treatment, specifically through the use of NSC-derived extracellular vesicles (NSC-EVs) as a novel therapeutic modality. By integrating insights from AHN research and cutting-edge therapeutic advancements, this review emphasizes the therapeutic potential of promoting neurogenesis to address cognitive decline and advance treatment strategies for AD.
Immunohistochemical characterisation of dopaminergic and cholinergic alterations in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of MPTP-treated marmosets.
Khosla S
Int J Neurosci · 2026 Mar · PMID 40776717 · Publisher ↗
Motor symptoms traditionally characterise Parkinson's disease (PD), but cognitive dysfunctions have recently emerged as significant non-motor features. While dopamine deficiency in the substantia nigra primarily causes P...
Motor symptoms traditionally characterise Parkinson's disease (PD), but cognitive dysfunctions have recently emerged as significant non-motor features. While dopamine deficiency in the substantia nigra primarily causes PD, recent evidence indicates disruptions in neurochemical pathways beyond the nigrostriatal system also contribute to cognitive dysfunction. This preclinical study examines the roles of dopamine and acetylcholine (ACh) within the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC), assessing how their combined reduction manifests as neurochemical alterations in brain regions relevant to cognitive function in PD. Ten adult marmosets were used; five were treated with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) to model Parkinsonian pathology, and five served as healthy controls. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) quantified critical changes using ImageJ software. Results indicated MPTP significantly reduced neuron count, fibre length and optical density (OD) in both regions. Specifically, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons decreased by 66.2% in the hippocampus and 48.7% in the PFC, while choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)-positive neurons decreased by 47.6% and 39.5%, respectively. Fibre length and OD similarly decreased by more than 55% in both regions. These uniform neurochemical alterations provide insights into the multifactorial neurochemical pathology observed in brain regions associated with cognitive dysfunction in PD. Although behavioural assessments were not conducted, the observed histopathological alterations in this model correspond with established neural substrates implicated in PD-related cognitive dysfunction. These findings underscore the need for targeted therapeutic strategies that address the complex, multi-neurotransmitter basis of the neurochemical pathology associated with cognitive dysfunction in PD.
Serum tyrosine associates with increased CSF Aβ42, reduced Aβ deposition, and cognitive improvement in MCI: modulation by confounding factors.
Dhiaa Younis SM, Shareef A, Kumar Bishoyi A … +10 more , Roopashree R, Kashyap A, Pramanik A, Ray S, Mavlyanova Z, Naji Sameer H, Yaseen A, H Athab Z, Adil M, Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Int J Neurosci · 2026 Mar · PMID 40763737 · Publisher ↗
Tyrosine, a precursor to dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine, has shown mixed results in cognitive impairment studies, suggesting a complex role in mild cognitive impairment (MCI). This study is the first to explor...
Tyrosine, a precursor to dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine, has shown mixed results in cognitive impairment studies, suggesting a complex role in mild cognitive impairment (MCI). This study is the first to explore its relationship with CSF amyloid-beta (Aβ) 42, Aβ accumulation, and cognitive function in MCI ( = 251). Cognitive function was assessed using ADAS-Cog, serum tyrosine by UPLC-MS/MS, Aβ42 by ELISA, and Aβ accumulation florbetapir PET with SUVr, all validated with quality control. Two analysis models were used: Model 1 (unadjusted) and Model 2 (adjusted for age, gender, education, handedness, and ApoE status). The study found a significant positive link between serum tyrosine levels and CSF Aβ42, with higher tyrosine levels associated with increased Aβ42, independent of demographic and genetic factors. Mediation analysis revealed that in Model 1, higher serum tyrosine was associated with improved cognitive function, potentially through increased CSF Aβ42 levels. However, this association was not present after adjusting for confounders in Model 2. Further investigation of Aβ accumulation in specific brain regions (global, frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes) found that, in Model 1, higher serum tyrosine was linked to reduced Aβ accumulation in the frontal and temporal lobes, wich in turn correlated with better cognitive function. Yet, after adjusting for confounders in Model 2, these effects were no longer significant. Overall, the findings suggest that while serum tyrosine may influence cognitive improvement in MCI through its relationship with CSF Aβ42 and Aβ accumulation, these effects are strongly influenced by demographic and genetic factors.
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin modification gates chronic pain via regulation of transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1-caspase1.
Lu YY, Lu CC, Tsai HP … +1 more , Wu CH
Int J Neurosci · 2026 Mar · PMID 40758369 · Publisher ↗
AIM: Given that depletion of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) signals is a potential therapeutic option to relieve chronic pain, in this study, we aimed to explore the role of TSLP in regulation of chronic pain and cl...
AIM: Given that depletion of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) signals is a potential therapeutic option to relieve chronic pain, in this study, we aimed to explore the role of TSLP in regulation of chronic pain and clarify the interactions between TRPV1 and caspase1. METHODS: Bleomycin (BLM), one derivative of , was administered into mouse to generate chronic mechanical pain in wild type (WT) mice and TSLP knockout mice. Four groups were divided including WT + saline, WT+BLM, TSLP knockout + saline and TSLP knockout + BLM. Differentiated SH-SY5Y cells were then established as a neuronal cell model. Pain behavioral test, cell viability test, western blot and immunofluorescence staining were used to evaluate the effects of depletion on glial reaction, neuronal death and inflammation. RESULTS: Bleomycin enhanced the TRPV1-caspase1 signaling to induce chronic pain in mice. Compared to the mice receiving saline, glial reaction and neuronal death were augmented in the somatosensory cortex of the mice receiving bleomycin. In contrast, bleomycin also activated glial reaction and neuronal death in TSLP knockout mice but to a lower extent than those in WT mice with altered mechanical withdrawal threshold. In differentiated SH-SY5Y cells, silencing of decreased the expression of TRPV1-caspase1 as well as neuronal death induced by HO. CONCLUSIONS: By regulating glial reaction, neuronal death and inflammation, TSLP is a candidate target to treat chronic pain along with TRPV1-caspase1.
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