The International Journal Of Neuroscience[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Therapeutic intervention of vitamin B12 in mitigating chronic alcoholism induced alterations in adult zebrafish (): a holistic approach.
Nahar M, Rai R, Jat D
Int J Neurosci · 2025 Dec · PMID 39207796 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Chronic alcoholism refers to the unpleasant symptoms directly resulting from excessive drinking. Increased alcohol metabolites and an unbalanced oxidative state are likely to blame for the reported effects un...
BACKGROUND: Chronic alcoholism refers to the unpleasant symptoms directly resulting from excessive drinking. Increased alcohol metabolites and an unbalanced oxidative state are likely to blame for the reported effects under these circumstances. According to preclinical and clinical research, vitamin B12 can act on several organ systems with demonstrated neuroprotective, antioxidant, and glutamate modulating properties. OBJECTIVE: This research sought to examine the ameliorative effects of vitamin B12 (VtB12) in persistent alcohol (AlOH) exposed adult zebrafish with the help of following parameters like the anxiety related behavior test, Oxidative stress, and antioxidant assays, histological and immunofluorescence analysis. METHODS: Zebrafish pretreated with 0.40% AlOH (v/v) for 120 min (+AlOH) or not (-AlOH), were exposed for 6 h to home tank water (-VtB12) or to 59 µg-VtB12/kg-fish food (+VtB12) to analyze anxiety behavior in the geotaxis (novel tank) test as well as the oxidative brain damage in the adult zebrafish. RESULTS: Adult zebrafish exposed to chronic AlOH showed a decrease in the distance travelled, average and mobility speed, and increased the average frozen time, the explored area, and total no. of the site explored in the trapezoid tank. AlOH exposure also resulted in oxidative damage, enhanced lipid peroxidation, advanced oxidative protein products, decreased enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant activities, and enhanced reactive oxygen species generation. Additionally, VtB12 supplementation improved neurogenesis, evident in increased Nissl cell numbers and NeuN expression in the brain. CONCLUSION: Chronic alcoholism may be effect on the brain cells as well as on the neuro-behavior of zebrafish. This research demonstrated that VtB12 shows promise as a neuroprotective agent against chronic alcoholism induced alterations in zebrafish's brain.
Regulatory miR-SNP rs4636297A > G in miR-126 is linked to increased risk of rigidity feature in patients with Parkinson's disease.
Pooshani S, Azadmehr A, Saadat P … +2 more , Sepidarkish M, Daraei A
Int J Neurosci · 2025 Dec · PMID 39207776 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: A growing body of strong evidence shows that the dysfunction of miRNAs plays key roles in the development and progression of Parkinson's disease (PD), however, little data has been reported on the associati...
INTRODUCTION: A growing body of strong evidence shows that the dysfunction of miRNAs plays key roles in the development and progression of Parkinson's disease (PD), however, little data has been reported on the association of their SNPs with PD susceptibility. In this study, we investigated the association of regulatory miR-SNP rs4636297A > G with a functional effect on the expression of miRNA-126, as a key dysregulated miRNA in the PD, with the susceptibility and clinical features of the PD. METHODS AND MATERIALS: In current study, we included a population consisting of 120 patients with PD and 120 clinically healthy individuals, and their blood samples were taken. After extracting the DNAs, the genotyping of the miR-SNP rs4636297A > G was done through RFLP-PCR technique. Finally, the association of this SNP with the risk and clinical features of PD was determined. RESULTS: Although the results showed that the two groups did not differ significantly in terms of allelic and genotype frequencies, it was clinically found that individuals with genotypes carrying the minor allele G (AG and GG genotypes) of the miR-SNP rs4636297A > G had an increased risk of developing rigidity feature in the PD compared to its homozygous major AA genotype (GG genotype; OR = 5.14, = 0.038 & GA genotype; OR = 4.32, = 0.032). CONCLUSION: We report for the first time a significant association of functional regulatory SNP rs4636297A > G in the miR-126 with the Parkinson's clinicopathology. Therefore, this miR-SNP can have a potential predictive biomarker capacity for rigidity in PD, although this hypothesis needs further investigation in the future.
Brain fog assessment in patients recovered from COVID-19 in China: a development and validation study.
Zhou S, Xu J, Liu X … +7 more , Li A, Zhao B, Geng C, Wei T, Liu Y, Wang Z, Tang Y
Int J Neurosci · 2025 Dec · PMID 39207772 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Post coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the widespread emergence and persistence of brain fog has led to a decline in people's productivity and quality of life. However, the clinical characteristic...
BACKGROUND: Post coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the widespread emergence and persistence of brain fog has led to a decline in people's productivity and quality of life. However, the clinical characteristics of COVID-19-associated brain fog are unclear, and standardized assessments are lacking. This study aims to develop a scale for brain fog assessment and support clinical practice and research. METHODS: The 17-item Brain Fog Assessment (BFA) scale was developed using a standardized methodology, including literature review, focus group discussions (FGDs), expert evaluation, and psychometric validation. Eighteen potential items were generated following the literature review. These items were subsequently refined during FGDs, which included input from patients, caregivers, and multidisciplinary experts in neurology, cognitive neuroscience, and psychology. After thorough deliberation and expert evaluation, the item pool was finalized into a 17-item scale. We recruited 1,325 patients recovered from COVID-19 from Chinese communities. Psychometric properties were assessed by reliability and validity analysis. RESULTS: Exploratory factor analysis of the BFA scale revealed a three-factor mode comprising 'cognitive decline' (nine items), 'confusion - disorientation' (five items), and 'fatigue' (three items). The internal consistency of each factor was strong (Cronbach's α: 0.82-0.92). Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model fit, convergent validity, and discriminant validity of the scale were satisfactory. The test-retest reliability was strong (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.84). Criterion-related validity analysis showed a strong correlation to the Wood Mental Fatigue Inventory ( = 0.70, < 0.001). Individuals with a higher BFA score tended to score lower on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment ( = -0.23, = 0.015). CONCLUSIONS: We established a novel BFA scale to quantify multiple clinical aspects of COVID-19-associated brain fog. Using the BFA scale, fatigue and declining performance in memory, attention, and thought were identified as the main symptoms of COVID-19-associated brain fog. This scale has potential implications for disease monitoring and therapy development for individuals with COVID-19-associated brain fog.
Cerebral microbleeds in acute ischemic stroke after intravenous thrombolysis and their impact on short term outcome of stroke.
Oraby MI, Gomaa R, Abdel-Aal AA … +1 more , Hussein M
Int J Neurosci · 2025 Dec · PMID 39159153 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: Strong evidence suggests the occurrence of cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) in 5-13% of stroke patients within the first week after stroke onset. The aim of this work was to study risk factors associated with occu...
OBJECTIVES: Strong evidence suggests the occurrence of cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) in 5-13% of stroke patients within the first week after stroke onset. The aim of this work was to study risk factors associated with occurrence of CMBs in patients with stroke who received intravenous thrombolysis, and to clarify their impact on the clinical outcome. METHODS: This prospective observational study was conducted on 61 acute ischemic stroke patients eligible for treatment with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA). Assessment of stroke-related neurologic deficit was done using National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). Assessment of stroke related disability after 3 months from stroke onset was done using Modified Rankin Scale (mRS). CMBs were detected by T2*-weighed gradient-recalled echo (T2*-GRE) and susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant impact of age, mean arterial pressure (MAP) at stroke onset, history of hypertension (HTN), and white matter changes assessed by Fazekas scale on the occurrence of CMBs in the included stroke patients (P-value= 0.002, <0.001, <0.001, 0.008 respectively). There was no statistically significant difference between patients with favorable and those with unfavorable outcome regarding the total number of CMBs (P-value =0.542). There was also no statistically significant difference between patients who developed complications from rt-PA and those who didn't develop regarding the total number of CMBs (P-value =0.186). CONCLUSION: Cerebral microbleeds are more likely to occur in older stroke patients and in those who had high MAP at stroke onset, history of HTN, and white matter changes.
RNA-seq revealed the protective effect of Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Decoction against cisplatin induced PC12 cell injury.
Cheng J, Dong Y, Wu J … +3 more , Shao C, Tang YC, Dong ZQ
Int J Neurosci · 2025 Dec · PMID 39155776 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy not only affects the tolerability of chemotherapy, but also causes intolerable and prolonged neuropathic pain in cancer patients. Currently, duloxetine is the only d...
BACKGROUND: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy not only affects the tolerability of chemotherapy, but also causes intolerable and prolonged neuropathic pain in cancer patients. Currently, duloxetine is the only drug used to treat chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. However, the clinical use of this drug still faces several challenges. Therefore, we focused on traditional Chinese medicine to find an effective and safe alternative medicine. Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Decoction is a traditional Chinese medicine that has been clinically used for treating nerve pain for thousands of years. This study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effect of Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Decoction on cisplatin-induced nerve injury in PC12 cells and to elucidate its potential mechanism of action. METHODS: Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Decoction-containing serum and blank serum were prepared from a rat model. The protective effects of Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Decoction on cisplatin (10 µmol/L)-induced PC12 cell injury were assessed by a Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. RNA expression in Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Decoction-protected PC12 cells was analyzed using RNA-seq, and subsequently, differentially expressed genes were further analyzed using Gene Ontology and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis. RESULTS: The Cell Counting Kit-8 results showed that pretreatment of PC12 cells with Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Decoction-containing serum (5%, 10%, 15%) significantly increased cells' viability to 10 µmol/L cisplatin-induced cell death. RNA-seq analysis revealed 843 differentially expressed genes in the chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy group and 249 in the Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Decoction group. The gene set enrichment analysis results in this study suggest that Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Decoction may treat chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy by enhancing axon guidance. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides valuable evidence for using Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Decoction in treating chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy, partially achieved by improving axon guidance pathways.
Opisthotonic posturing in Guillian-Barre syndrome.
Thomas J, Tandon R, Mani VE
Int J Neurosci · 2025 Dec · PMID 39137934 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Here we report a child of Gullian Barre syndrome (GBS) with opisthotonic posturing and we subsequently detected Scrub typhus in him. CASE REPORT: An 11-year-old boy presented with progressive motor quadripa...
INTRODUCTION: Here we report a child of Gullian Barre syndrome (GBS) with opisthotonic posturing and we subsequently detected Scrub typhus in him. CASE REPORT: An 11-year-old boy presented with progressive motor quadriparesis with transient bladder retention, bilateral facial weakness, diminished gag reflex, absent reflexes and his nerve conduction studies suggested Acute Motor Axonal Neuropathy (AMAN) GBS. His power gradually started recovering after one week. However, he had opisthotonus and signs of meningeal irritation. The child's CSF examination was consistent with GBS. His bacterial, fungal, tubercular microscopy and cultures and viral markers were negative. IgM for Borrelia and Leptospira and HIV ELISA were negative. IgM for scrub typhus, however, came out to be positive. Hence, we gave him azithromycin and he recovered almost completely in 3 months. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge there is no previous report of opisthotonic posturing in GBS patients. This could be due to radicular involvement in immune mediated etiology of GBS.
Proteomic analysis of baicalin intervention on protein expression and modification in the hippocampus of Alzheimer's disease model rat.
Zhao J, Lu F, Yu H … +3 more , Cao J, Su Z, Zhao J
Int J Neurosci · 2025 Jul · PMID 39136404 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: We aimed to explore the treatment effect and therapeutic mechanisms of baicalin in Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS: The AD rat model was established by intracerebroventricular injection of Aβ1-40, with rats...
OBJECTIVE: We aimed to explore the treatment effect and therapeutic mechanisms of baicalin in Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS: The AD rat model was established by intracerebroventricular injection of Aβ1-40, with rats in the baicalin group receiving baicalin intraventricular injections. Morris Water Maze and Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) Staining were employed to detect the successful model construction and baicalin treatment effect. The proteins extracted from the hippocampus were subjected to proteomics analysis. Bioinformatics technology was employed for differential protein screening, functional classification, and enrichment. Western Blot was employed to validate the expressions of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and the protein modification alternations. RESULTS: Water maze test confirmed the successful AD model construction and baicalin can improve learning and memory abilities. A total of 26 DEPs associated with 28 Gene Ontology (GO) functions were identified in the model and 32 DEPs were obtained between the baicalin group and the model. Bioinformatics analysis demonstrated that AD occurrence resulted in neuronal dysfunction and was associated with immune responses. The baicalin therapeutic effect on AD may be associated with metabolic processes, vitamin response, angiogenesis regulation, and fatty acid response. Immunoglobulin heavy constant mu (Ighm) and Immunoglobulin G2a (IgG2a) exhibited significant increases in AD and baicalin attenuated their expressions, while Fatty acid desaturase 1 (Fads1) exhibited a significantly diminished expression and baicalin could reverse the trend. Succinylation detection exhibited the differentially expressed at 35 kD between the model and baicalin group. CONCLUSION: Baicalin intervention may ameliorate cognitive impairment in AD rats by modulating the expressions of proteins and the succinylation modifications.
Correction.
Int J Neurosci · 2025 Dec · PMID 39115923 · Publisher ↗
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Assessment of cardiorespiratory fitness in Chinese patients with early to mid-stage Parkinson's disease.
Wang K, Cheng H, Yang B … +4 more , Liu D, Maria M, Wu Q, Qiao J
Int J Neurosci · 2025 Dec · PMID 38963402 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: To evaluate cardiorespiratory fitness in patients with early to mid-stage Parkinson's disease by cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) on a stationary cycle ergometer. METHODS: To compare the differences in each...
PURPOSE: To evaluate cardiorespiratory fitness in patients with early to mid-stage Parkinson's disease by cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) on a stationary cycle ergometer. METHODS: To compare the differences in each index of the cardiopulmonary exercise test between the two groups of subjects; general data such as disease duration, medication use and exercise habits were also collected. RESULTS: (1) Finally, 36 Parkinson's disease patients and 12 healthy controls successfully completed the cardiopulmonary exercise test without any adverse events. (2) The V'Opeak, Metspeak, RERpeak, MVVpeak, Wpeak, HRpeak, HRpeak/pre, percentage of HRR-1 min decay > 12 bpm, SBPpeak in the Parkinson's disease group were lower than those in the control group ( < .05, each). Detailed data: V'O2peak (15.7 ± 4.5vs21.5 ± 3.6 ml/kg/min, < .01), Metspeak (4.5 ± 1.3 vs 6.1 ± 1.0, < .01), RERpeak (1.04 ± 0.10 vs 1.15 ± 0.10, = .001), MVVpeak (37.22 ± 11.58 vs 53.00 ± 16.85L/min, = .009), Wpeak (49.17 ± 29.72 vs 49.17 ± 29.72W, < .01), HRpeak (111.08 ± 16.67 vs 111.08 ± 16.67bpm, < .01), HRpeak/pre (71.19 ± 10.06 vs 96.00 ± 21.13, = .002), percentage of HRR-1min decay > 12bpm (33.3% vs 100%, < .01), systolic blood pressure (155.81 ± 31.83 vs 175.83 ± 17.84 mmHg, = .01). (3) Divided Parkinson's disease patients into high V'Opeak group (V'Opeak ≥ 15 mL/kg/min) and low V'Opeak group (V'Opeak < 15 mL/kg/min). The age of patients, Hoehn-Yahr grade and incidence of symptom fluctuation in high V'Opeak group were lower ( < .05, respectively), percentage of males and percentage of HRR-1 min decay > 12 bpm were higher ( < .05, respectively); < .05 is considered a statistically significant difference. Detailed data: age of patients(61.05 ± 6.93 vs 68.57 ± 7.99 years, = .005), Hoehn-Yahr grade(1.75 ± 0.48 vs 2.18 ± 0.64, = .028), incidence of symptom fluctuation (59.1 vs 92.9%, = .03), percentage of males (77.7 vs 42.9%, = .041), percentage of HRR-1 min decay > 12 bpm (50 vs 7.1%, = .008). CONCLUSIONS: Cardiopulmonary exercise test was safe to perform and the cardiorespiratory fitness is significantly reduced in patients with early and middle stage Parkinson's disease. Patients with Parkinson's disease presented blunted heart rate and systolic blood pressure responses to exercise test. Females, older age, fluctuating symptoms, high H-Y staging and higher activities of daily living may be associated with lower oxygen uptake.
Diagnostic value of high-resolution vessel wall imaging technique in intracranial arterial stenosis and occlusion: a comparative analysis with digital subtraction angiography.
Wang Z, Wang Y, Chang Y … +2 more , Hu T, Cui Z
Int J Neurosci · 2025 Dec · PMID 38963350 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the diagnostic value of HR-VWI in intracranial arterial stenosis and occlusion and compare it with DSA. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of clinical data of 59 patients with intracranial arterial s...
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the diagnostic value of HR-VWI in intracranial arterial stenosis and occlusion and compare it with DSA. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of clinical data of 59 patients with intracranial arterial stenosis in our hospital was conducted to compare the diagnostic results of the two methods for different degrees of intracranial stenosis and various morphological plaques. RESULTS: The diagnosis of stenosis and occlusion by both methods showed no significant difference ( > 0.05). Comparison of plaque morphology detected by HR-VWI with pathological examination results showed no significant difference ( > 0.05); however, there was a significant difference between plaque morphology detected by DSA and pathological examination results ( < 0.05). Additionally, there was a significant difference between plaque morphology detected by HR-VWI and DSA ( < 0.05). CONCLUSION: HR-VWI technique is comparable to DSA technique in diagnosing intracranial arterial stenosis and occlusion, but it is superior to DSA in plaque morphology diagnosis.
Neurocognitive effects of transcranial direct current stimulation in obsessive-compulsive disorder: a systematic review.
Spiroiu FI, Minuzzi L, Duarte D … +2 more , McCabe RE, Soreni N
Int J Neurosci · 2025 Dec · PMID 38913323 · Publisher ↗
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been used with increasing frequency as a therapeutic tool to alleviate clinical symptoms of obsessive compulsive-disorder (OCD). However, little is known about the effec...
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been used with increasing frequency as a therapeutic tool to alleviate clinical symptoms of obsessive compulsive-disorder (OCD). However, little is known about the effects of tDCS on neurocognitive functioning among OCD patients. The aim of this review was to provide a comprehensive overview of the literature examining the effects of tDCS on specific neurocognitive functions in OCD. A literature search following PRISMA guidelines was conducted on the following databases: PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and Web of Science. The search yielded 4 results: one randomized, sham-controlled study (20 patients), one randomized, controlled, partial crossover trial (12 patients), one open-label study (5 patients), and one randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled, parallel-group trial (37 patients). A total of 51 patients received active tDCS with some diversity in electrode montages targeting the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the pre-supplementary motor area, or the orbitofrontal cortex. tDCS was associated with improved decision-making in study 1, enhanced attentional monitoring and response inhibition in study 2, improved executive and inhibitory control in study 3, and reduced attentional bias and improved response inhibition and working memory in study 4. Limitations of this review include its small sample, the absence of a sham group in half of the studies, and the heterogeneity in tDCS parameters. These preliminary results highlight the need for future testing in randomized, sham-controlled trials to examine whether and how tDCS induces relevant cognitive benefits in OCD.
A review: oligodendrocytes in neuronal axonal conduction and methods for enhancing their performance.
Affrald R J, Narayan S
Int J Neurosci · 2025 Dec · PMID 38850232 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: This review explores the vital role of oligodendrocytes in axon myelination and efficient neuronal transmission and the impact of dysfunction resulting from neurotransmitter deficiencies related disorders. Fu...
OBJECTIVES: This review explores the vital role of oligodendrocytes in axon myelination and efficient neuronal transmission and the impact of dysfunction resulting from neurotransmitter deficiencies related disorders. Furthermore, the review also provides insight into the potential of bionanotechnology for addressing neurodegenerative diseases by targeting oligodendrocytes. METHODS: A review of literature in the field was conducted using Google scholar. Systematic searches were performed to identify relevant studies and reviews addressing the role of oligodendrocytes in neural function, the influence of neurotransmitters on oligodendrocyte differentiation, and the potential of nanotechnology-based strategies for targeted therapy of oligodendrocytes. RESULTS: This review indicates the mechanisms underlying oligodendrocyte differentiation and the influence of neurotransmitters on this process. The importance of action potentials and neurotransmission in neural function and the susceptibility of damaged nerve axons to ischemic or toxic damage is provided in detail. The potential of bionanotechnology for targeting neurodegenerative diseases using nanotechnology-based strategies, including polymeric, lipid-based, inorganic, organic, and biomimetic nanoparticles, suggests better management of neurodegenerative disorders. CONCLUSION: While nanotechnology-based biomaterials show promise for targeted oligodendrocyte therapy in addressing neurodegenerative disorders linked to oligodendrocyte dysfunction, encapsulating neuroprotective agents within nanoparticles offers additional advantages. Nano-based delivery systems effectively protect drugs from degradation and prolong their therapeutic effects, holding promise in overcoming the blood-brain barrier by facilitating drug transport. However, a multifaceted approach is essential to enhance oligodendrocyte differentiation, promote myelin repair, and facilitate myelin dynamics with reduced toxicity. Further research is needed to elucidate the optimal therapeutic approaches and enhance patient outcomes.
Optical coherence tomography findings in primary headache disorders: is pain duration a clinical correlate?
Taskiran-Sag A, Yazgi H, Ozulken K … +1 more , Eroglu E
Int J Neurosci · 2025 Dec · PMID 38768056 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: Ganglion cell layer thickness (GCLT) may be used as a potential marker for central neural changes. We compared GCLT by using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in patients with primary heada...
OBJECTIVE: Ganglion cell layer thickness (GCLT) may be used as a potential marker for central neural changes. We compared GCLT by using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in patients with primary headache disorders and healthy controls. We seek whether there was any difference between the headache groups and whether any clinical parameters correlated to GCLT. METHODS: Fifty-three primary headache patients, 11 age and sex-matched healthy subjects were included in this cross-sectional study after power analysis. All subjects underwent SD-OCT. The duration of disorder, headache frequency, severity, duration of pain, presence of ocular pain, and accompanying symptoms have been collected. RESULTS: Mean GCLT of the headache group was 15.7 ± 3.8 µm (mean ± standard deviation), and the control group was 17.5 ± 2.4. The difference was not statistically significant. When we compared the controls, migraine and tension-type headache patients' GCLT values, we found a significant difference (ANOVA, = 0.001). Migraine patients had thinner GCLT compared to all non-migraine headache patients ( = 0.01). Intraocular pressure values of migraine patients and non-migraine patients were not statistically significantly different ( = 0.13). The only clinical parameter that correlated with GCLT was pain duration (r = -0.43 and = 0.01). The patients with white matter lesions had thinner GCLT ( = 0.046). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that long-term suffering from pain but migraine pathophysiology itself seems to affect neuroretinal tissue. Pain duration was moderately and inversely correlated to GCLT, meaning that the longer the headache, the thinner the ganglion cell layer is.
The Impact of Virtual Reality Training Combined with Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Preservation Therapy on Cognitive Function, Neurological Function, and Physical Function of Stroke Patients.
Bao X, Song X, Deng H … +1 more , Jiang L
Int J Neurosci · 2024 May · PMID 38758136 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of virtual reality training combined with traditional Chinese medicine health preservation therapy on cognitive function, neurological function, and physica...
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of virtual reality training combined with traditional Chinese medicine health preservation therapy on cognitive function, neurological function, and physical function of stroke patients. METHODS: The patients were randomly divided into an experimental group (receiving virtual reality training combined with traditional Chinese medicine health preservation therapy) and a control group (receiving conventional rehabilitation treatment combined with traditional Chinese medicine health preservation therapy). A series of cognitive, neurological, and physical function assessments were conducted to collect and analyze data from both groups before treatment, after treatment, and during follow-up. The application of traditional Chinese medicine health preservation concepts was also explored. RESULTS: After treatment, the experimental group had significantly higher scores in the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) compared to the control group. The overall effective rate of neurological function in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group. The Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) scores for upper limb function in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group. The degree of improvement in the Modified Barthel Index scores after treatment was significantly better in the experimental group compared to the control group (all ). CONCLUSION: The results of this study demonstrate that virtual reality training combined with traditional Chinese medicine health preservation therapy significantly improves cognitive function, neurological function, and physical function in stroke patients. This approach provides new insights and methods for stroke rehabilitation therapy and is worthy of promotion.
Navigating autism treatment: unlocking new frontiers with ChatGPT.
Ashraf MM, Ul-Haque I, Sangha NK
Int J Neurosci · 2025 Aug · PMID 38758121 · Publisher ↗
Autism Spectrum disorder is a significant neurodevelopmental behavioral disorder. Children with Autism display a wide array of ambiguous symptoms resulting making the diagnosis quite challenging thus resulting in delayed...
Autism Spectrum disorder is a significant neurodevelopmental behavioral disorder. Children with Autism display a wide array of ambiguous symptoms resulting making the diagnosis quite challenging thus resulting in delayed management. Traditionally, its diagnosis and management require the collaboration of services from the three P's namely the pediatrician, psychiatrist, and child psychologist. The management requires an intensive multi-disciplinary approach which would help minimize the disease symptoms and facilitate development and learning during childhood. Recently, with the advent of widespread testing and usage of various artificial intelligence tools across various domains, AI tools such as Chatbots are being incorporated into medical treatments, especially in behavioral therapy. Considering the increasing use of AI, we believe that the natural language processing techniques employed by ChatGPT algorithms have the potential to identify speech and linguistic patterns in children with ASD. Therefore, through this letter, we have tried to explore the scope of Artificial intelligence (ChatGPT) for behavioral therapy in children affected with autism spectrum disorder.
The clinical significance of PD-1 expression in patients with bladder cancer without lymph node metastasis: a comparative study with drained lymph nodes and tumor tissues.
Zheng W, Zhang P, Yao C … +3 more , Tao Y, Wang Z, Meng S
Int J Neurosci · 2024 May · PMID 38744296 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: In light of the increasing importance of immunotherapy in bladder cancer treatment, this study is aim to investigate the expression and clinical significance of programmed cell surface death-1 (PD-1) in bladde...
OBJECTIVE: In light of the increasing importance of immunotherapy in bladder cancer treatment, this study is aim to investigate the expression and clinical significance of programmed cell surface death-1 (PD-1) in bladder cancer patients without lymph node metastasis, and to compare and analyze the difference of PD-1 in draining lymph nodes and tumor tissues. METHODS: The expression of PD-1 on T cells and the proportion of positive PD-1 + T cells of IFN-γ and CD105a were detected by flow cytometry, and the correlation between PD-1 expression and clinical parameters was analyzed. RESULTS: The percentage of PD-1 positive cells in drainage lymph nodes was higher than that in tumor tissues (P < 0.001). PD-1 positive cells accounted for the highest proportion in CD3 + T cells. The proportion of IFN-γ-positive PD-1 + T cells in draining lymph nodes was significantly higher than that in tumor tissues (P < 0.001), while there was no significant difference in CD105a positive PD-1 + T cells between tumor tissues and draining lymph nodes. Pathological grade, tumor size and stage were positively correlated with PD-1 expression level in the lymph nodes. CONCLUSION: The high expression of PD-1 in patients with bladder cancer without lymph node metastasis, especially in draining lymph nodes, suggests that PD-1 may play a key role in the regulation of tumor immune microenvironment. The correlation between PD-1 and clinical parameters indicates its potential prognostic value. These findings provide important clinical implications for PD-1 targeted therapy, but further prospective studies are needed to determine the application value of PD-1 in therapeutic strategies.
Pre-and post-surgical non-functional pituitary adenomas and their relationship with high levels of serum glucose.
Flores-Rabasa R, González-Almazán JA, Cortés-Contreras AP … +7 more , Méndez-García LA, Velasco F, Navarro-Olvera JL, Aguado-Carrillo G, Benítez-Gasca A, Gómez-Apo E, Carrillo-Ruiz JD
Int J Neurosci · 2025 Nov · PMID 38742394 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: This clinical, analytical, retro-prospective, auto-controlled, not randomized, and not blinded study, aimed to investigate the association of changes in the serum glucose levels with the pre-and-post changes...
OBJECTIVES: This clinical, analytical, retro-prospective, auto-controlled, not randomized, and not blinded study, aimed to investigate the association of changes in the serum glucose levels with the pre-and-post changes in the size tumor in mm in the Non-Functional pituitary adenomas. METHODS: Pre-and post-surgical MRI, as well as the measurements in the serum glucose levels and immunohistochemical techniques were performed in all the patients in the study, with a mean followed-up until 208.57 days. A comparison was made between the reductions in tumor size of hormonally active pituitary adenomas (HSPAs) vs NFPAs. RESULTS: Seventy-four patients were included in this study, of whom, 46 were NFPAs. The decrease in the NFPAs tumor size after surgery was statistically significant ( 0.0001 The Mean of the differences of both type of tumors in mm were -9552 ± 10287. Pre-surgery, the mean of the HSPAs were 8.923 ± 2.078; and the NFPAs were 14.161 ± 1.912. The differences in the tumor size were statistically significant (). Post-surgical, the mean of the HSPAs were 2.079 ± 971, with a (: and the NFPAs were 4.609 ± 1.205. After surgery of the NFPAs, most of the patients-maintained serum levels ≤ 100 mg/dL, with a statistical significance ( 0.0003). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates for the first time the correlation between the presence of pre-and post- surgical changes in the NFPAs, with modifications in the levels of serum glucose, and the comparison, pre- and post-surgical between the tumor size of HSPAs and NFPAs.
C-176 reduces inflammation-induced pain by blocking the cGAS-STING pathway in microglia.
Yang SM, Li YB, Si HX … +5 more , Wei Y, Ma FJ, Wang J, Chen T, Chen K
Int J Neurosci · 2025 Nov · PMID 38738512 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: Inflammatory pain, is caused by lesions or diseases of the somatosensory tissue, is a prevalent chronic condition that profoundly impacts the quality of life. However, clinical treatment for this type of pain...
OBJECTIVE: Inflammatory pain, is caused by lesions or diseases of the somatosensory tissue, is a prevalent chronic condition that profoundly impacts the quality of life. However, clinical treatment for this type of pain remains limited. Traditionally, the stimulation of microglia and subsequent inflammatory reactions are considered crucial elements to promote the worsening of inflammatory pain. Recent research has shown the crucial importance of the cGAS-STING pathway in promoting inflammation. It is still uncertain if the cGAS-STING pathway plays the role in the fundamental cause of inflammatory pain. We aim to explore the treatment of inflammatory pain by interfering with cGAS-STING signaling pathway. METHODS: In this study, we established an inflammatory pain model by CFA into the plantar of mice. Activation of microglia, various inflammatory factors and cGAS-STING protein in the spinal dorsal horn were evaluated. Immunofluorescence staining was used to observe the cellular localization of cGAS and STING. The cGAS-STING pathway proteins expression and mRNA expression of indicated microglial M1/M2 phenotypic markers in the BV2 microglia were detected. STING inhibitor C-176 was intrathecal injected into mice with inflammatory pain, and the pain behavior and microglia were observed. RESULTS: This research showed that injecting CFA into the left hind paw of mice caused mechanical allodynia and increased inflammation in the spine. Our research results suggested that the cGAS-STING pathway had a function in the inflammation mediated by microglia in the spinal cord dorsal horn. Blocking the cGAS-STING pathway using STING antagonists (C-176) led to reduced release of inflammatory factors and prevented M1 polarization of BV2 microglia in a laboratory setting. Additionally, intrathecal administration of C-176 reduced the allodynia in CFA treated mice. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that inhibiting microglial polarization through the cGAS-STING pathway represents a potential novel therapeutic strategy for inflammatory pain.
Identification and analysis of immunogenicity and immunotherapy efficacy by fatty acid genes: a novel prognostic features of lumbar disc herniation and Mendelian randomization analysis.
Shang Q, Xiang W, Wu Y … +6 more , Lu Y, Li Z, Zheng J, Wang X, Wang X, Song X
Int J Neurosci · 2025 Dec · PMID 38738478 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Sciatica is a phrase used to describe radiating leg discomfort. The most common cause is lumbar disc herniation (LDH), which is considered to start in the nucleus pulposus. Advancements in lipidomics and meta...
BACKGROUND: Sciatica is a phrase used to describe radiating leg discomfort. The most common cause is lumbar disc herniation (LDH), which is considered to start in the nucleus pulposus. Advancements in lipidomics and metabolomics have unveiled the complex role of fatty acid metabolism (FAM) in both healthy and pathological states. However, the specific roles of fatty acid metabolism-related genes (FAMGs) in shaping therapeutic approaches, especially in LDH, remain largely unexplored and are a subject of ongoing research. METHODS: The junction of the weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) test with 6 FAMGs enabled the finding of FAMGs. Gene set variation analysis (GSVA) was used to identify the possible biological activities and pathways of FAMGs. LASSO was used to determine diagnostic effectiveness of the four FAMGs in diagnosing LDH. GSE124272, GSE147383, GSE150408, and GSE153761 were utilized to confirm the levels of expression of four FAMGs. RESULTS: Four FAMGs were discovered [Acyl-CoA Thioesterase 4 (ACOT4), Cytochrome P450 Family 4 Subfamily A Member 11 (CYP4A11), Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Long Chain (ACADL), Enoyl-CoA Hydratase and 3-Hydroxyacyl CoA Dehydrogenase (EHHADH)] For biological function analysis, mhc class ib receptor activity, response to thyroxine, response to l phenylalanine derivative were emphasized. CONCLUSIONS: FAMGs can help with prognosis and immunology, and provide evidence for fatty acid metabolism-related targeted therapeutics. In LDH, FAMGs and their interactions with immune cells might be therapeutic targets.
Nursing intervention and quality feedback guided by stress system theory in neurological function recovery and post-traumatic growth of patients with acute primary cerebral hemorrhage.
Li L, Chen J, Hong M … +3 more , Hu M, You T, Luo Q
Int J Neurosci · 2025 Nov · PMID 38717343 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of nursing intervention and quality feedback guided by stress system theory on neurological function recovery and post-traumatic growth in patients with cerebral hemorrhage. METHODS: 120...
OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of nursing intervention and quality feedback guided by stress system theory on neurological function recovery and post-traumatic growth in patients with cerebral hemorrhage. METHODS: 120 patients with cerebral hemorrhage admitted to our hospital from October 2022 to November 2023 were selected, 47 patients in the control group received routine medical care, and 73 patients in the observation group were added nursing intervention measures under the guidance of stress system theory on this basis. The effects of the intervention were evaluated by Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), Barthel index (BI) and Chinese scale of clinical neurological impairment in stroke patients (CSS). RESULTS: After intervention, the PTGI score in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group ( < 0.05). The SAS and SDS scores were significantly lower than those of the control group ( < 0.001), indicating that the nursing intervention effectively alleviated the anxiety and depression of patients. At the same time, the BI index of the observation group was significantly increased, and the CSS score was significantly decreased ( < 0.001), indicating that the patients' self-care ability of daily life and the recovery level of neurological function were significantly improved. CONCLUSION: Nursing intervention and quality feedback strategy under the guidance of stress system theory can effectively improve the neurological recovery ability and post-traumatic growth level of patients with cerebral hemorrhage, and has a significant effect on improving the psychological state and quality of life of patients.
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