Occupational Therapy International[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Understanding Occupational Therapists' Job Satisfaction Through an Ecological Lens-A Qualitative Scoping Review.
Dupre B, Salehi N
Occup Ther Int · 2025 · PMID 40144935 · Full text
Despite the critical role of occupational therapists in healthcare, there has been limited focus on understanding their job satisfaction compared to other health-related disciplines. This gap is significant as job satisf...
Despite the critical role of occupational therapists in healthcare, there has been limited focus on understanding their job satisfaction compared to other health-related disciplines. This gap is significant as job satisfaction among occupational therapists profoundly influences employee morale, client care, and organizational dynamics. This study explored factors influencing occupational therapists' job satisfaction through an ecological lens to enhance their work environments, promoting both personal and professional growth. A scoping review of qualitative evidence was conducted from 1921 to 2024 via CINAHL, Medline, Scopus, and AMED, including 10 qualitative articles. Thematic analysis was used to identify key themes. Four key themes were identified impacting job satisfaction including humanistic values driving professional fulfillment, professional identity and recognition, workplace structural barriers, and advocacy and strengthening approaches. Although occupational therapists find their job rewarding and fulfilling because of its client-centered care, they confront challenges particularly with professional recognition, career identity, and limited support. To enhance their job satisfaction, a more system-level ecological approach is required to enhance the leadership approaches, mentorship, communication channels, and collaboration opportunities.
Expanding Knowledge and Integration of Occupational Therapy in Vietnamese Healthcare: A Study of Educational Interventions and Cultural Relevance.
Patro JR, Daniel J, Darcy A
Occup Ther Int · 2025 · PMID 40124088 · Full text
Occupational therapy (OT) is an emerging healthcare profession in Vietnam, with limited awareness and understanding among local healthcare professionals (HCPs). This study is aimed at assessing the impact of an education...
Occupational therapy (OT) is an emerging healthcare profession in Vietnam, with limited awareness and understanding among local healthcare professionals (HCPs). This study is aimed at assessing the impact of an educational intervention designed to improve HCPs' knowledge and attitudes toward OT in Vietnamese healthcare settings. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, the study involved 13 participants from Da Nang Orthopedics and Rehabilitation Hospital and Da Nang Psychiatric Hospital, representing various healthcare disciplines. The intervention included a series of journal club sessions focused on the principles, scope, and culturally relevant applications of OT. Quantitative data from pre- and postintervention assessments revealed significant improvements in HCPs' general knowledge of OT, its practice areas, and goals, with statistical significance observed in multiple domains. Qualitative data collected through field notes and reflective journals provided additional insights into HCPs' evolving perceptions of OT's role in holistic and mental healthcare. Notably, the study highlighted cultural factors, such as family involvement in patient care, which align with OT's client-centered approach but may also pose challenges in the integration of OT services. Barriers to OT adoption, including resource limitations and institutional support, were identified, underscoring the need for ongoing advocacy and resource allocation to sustain the progress achieved through the intervention. The findings suggest that culturally tailored educational programs are essential for the effective integration of OT in Vietnam and similar contexts. This research contributes to the global understanding of OT's role in diverse healthcare environments, providing a framework for expanding OT services in emerging regions.
Outcome Measures in Evaluation of Weighted Blankets: A Scoping Review.
Lönn M, Odéus E
Occup Ther Int · 2025 · PMID 40018070 · Full text
Weighted blankets are an intervention used in healthcare settings for alleviating anxiety and sleep problems. Selection of appropriate outcome measures that capture relevant effects is important in clinical practice and...
Weighted blankets are an intervention used in healthcare settings for alleviating anxiety and sleep problems. Selection of appropriate outcome measures that capture relevant effects is important in clinical practice and research. However, outcomes used are diverse and not standardised. Therefore, this scoping review is aimed at identifying, synthesising, and describing available research and used outcome measures in research studies evaluating weighted blankets. A scoping review was conducted, with a search of four databases. The search included studies published until February 2024. Results were categorized according to target population (adult or child) and primary outcome (sleep or anxiety). A conceptual map was developed to describe outcome measures used in the field. A total of 38 studies were identified, including 12 randomised controlled trials, 13 pre-post-studies, 6 case studies, 3 register studies, and 3 qualitative studies. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Anxiety Visual Analogue Scale were commonly used outcome measurements in evaluation of weighted blanket effects on anxiety and most commonly conducted in an adult population. There was considerable heterogeneity in the outcomes used, particularly within the domain of sleep. In studies evaluating weighted blankets as a sleep intervention for children, objective measurement methods such as actigraphy were common, as was the use of a sleep diary. Even though there is extensive research available evaluating weighted blanket use and effects, there is a lack of standardised outcome measures and instruments are not adapted to use within occupational therapy practice. More research is necessary, informing clinical practice about which measures to use and when. Furthermore, there is a need to develop an instrument specifically tailored for use within occupational therapy practice to evaluate sleep interventions.
Effects of Lee Silverman Voice Treatment-BIG on Motor, Cognition, Mental Health, Occupational Performance, and Occupational Balance in Patients With Schizophrenia: A Single-Subject Experimental Study.
Jang WH, Seo SM, Kim SH
Occup Ther Int · 2025 · PMID 40018069 · Full text
In this study, we aim to apply BIG to patients with schizophrenia to confirm changes in mental symptoms, task performance, and occupational balance through motor and cognitive enhancement. This study used a single-subje...
In this study, we aim to apply BIG to patients with schizophrenia to confirm changes in mental symptoms, task performance, and occupational balance through motor and cognitive enhancement. This study used a single-subject A-B-A design. It consisted of a total of 22 sessions, with 4 sessions in the baseline period, 16 sessions in the intervention period (Lee Silverman Voice Treatment-BIG), and 2 sessions in the follow-up period. The subjects were three male patients diagnosed with chronic schizophrenia, all severe cases. During the 22 sessions, the timed up and go test (TUG) and functional reach test (FRT) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) were used to determine changes in motor function and cognition, and the subjective cognitive and mental score (SS), Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM), and Occupational Balance Questionnaire-Korean (OBQ-K) were used to determine changes in psychiatric symptoms, work performance, and work balance satisfaction before and after the intervention. Statistically significant changes were determined using the two standard deviation (2SD) band method. The TUG, FRT, and MoCA showed significant results in the intervention period compared to the baseline period. The SS, COPM, and OBQ-K also showed positive changes in scores from pre- to postintervention. In this study, BIG was found to promote improvement in motor and cognitive function in chronic schizophrenia patients, with positive effects on psychiatric symptoms, task performance, and occupational balance satisfaction.
Effects of Client-Centered Occupational Therapy Intervention in Older Adults With Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Jeong H, Kim D
Occup Ther Int · 2025 · PMID 40007511 · Full text
The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of client-centered occupational therapy intervention on the mental health, activities of daily living (ADL), and community participation of older adults with depressi...
The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of client-centered occupational therapy intervention on the mental health, activities of daily living (ADL), and community participation of older adults with depression. This study was a single-blind, randomized controlled study conducted on older adults with depression, and those who met the selection and exclusion criteria were randomly divided into an experimental group of 15 people and a control group of 15 people. The experimental group performed client-centered occupational therapy intervention using the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) and Barth Time Construction (BTC), and the control group performed case management and a strength-brain exercise program. Both groups underwent intervention twice a week for 60 min, for a total of 16 sessions. Before and after the intervention, depression, anxiety, stress, ADL, and community partitioning were measured using assessment tools with proven reliability and validity in both the experimental group and the control group. The experimental group exhibited significant changes after the intervention in depression, anxiety, stress, social integration, and community integration scores ( < 0.05 and < 0.01), while the control group showed significant changes only in depression scores ( < 0.05). As a result of comparing the amount of change between the experimental and control groups, significant differences were found in social integration among the areas of depression, stress, and community integration ( < 0.05 and < 0.01). These results suggest that client-centered occupational therapy intervention could serve as an effective intervention for improving mental health, ADL, and community participation in older adults with depression. Korea Clinical Research Information Service (CRIS): KCT0009358.
The Effect of a Video-Based Game Exercise Program on Motor Skills, Proprioception, and Cognitive Functions in Individuals With Intellectual Disabilities.
Diril E, Menek B, Emir A … +2 more , Tarakci D, Tarakci E
Occup Ther Int · 2025 · PMID 39949506 · Full text
Individuals with intellectual disability (ID) exhibit various problems, such as attention, learning, and physical-motor difficulties. The study is aimed at investigating the effects of video game-based therapy programs o...
Individuals with intellectual disability (ID) exhibit various problems, such as attention, learning, and physical-motor difficulties. The study is aimed at investigating the effects of video game-based therapy programs on cognitive and physical functions in individuals with ID. The study, conducted through a three-arm randomized trial, involved 45 adults aged 18-30 with mild to moderate ID. Participants were divided into three groups: Group 1 received home-based video game-based therapy, supervised video game-based therapy, and occupational therapy-based activity training. Group 2 received video game-based therapy supervised by a therapist and an occupational therapy-based activity training program. Group 3 received occupational therapy-based activity training only. MOXO d-CPT was used to evaluate attention; sit-to-stand test, joint position sense, and nine-hole peg test were used to assess physical-motor functionality. Results showed significant improvements in attention, functional performance, proprioception, and fine motor skills in all groups ( < 0.05). Group 1 was superior to Group 3 in nondominant JPS-flexion, sit-to-stand test, and nondominant JPS-abduction parameters ( < 0.017). When comparing Group 1 and Group 2, Group 1 was found to be more effective in the sit-to-stand test parameter compared to Group 2 ( < 0.017), while the other parameters of the two groups were similar to each other ( > 0.017). There were no significant differences between groups for different outcome measures ( > 0.017). The study suggests that video-based game exercises combined with occupational therapy interventions can effectively enhance cognitive functions, functional performance, proprioception, and fine motor skills in adults with ID. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT06097819.
Occupational Performance in the Discipline of Occupational Therapy During COVID-19 at a Public University in KwaZulu-Natal.
Ndaba N, Govender P, Naidoo D
Occup Ther Int · 2025 · PMID 39886653 · Full text
The application of the person-environment-occupation-performance (PEOP) model in occupational therapy education offers valuable insights into the interaction between person, environment, and occupational factors and how...
The application of the person-environment-occupation-performance (PEOP) model in occupational therapy education offers valuable insights into the interaction between person, environment, and occupational factors and how these elements influenced the strategies used to adapt and navigate the transformation of health professions education during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study explored how individual characteristics, contextual demands, and the nature of educational occupations shaped the adaptation and performance of educators and students. The study used a qualitative, exploratory research design at a public higher education institution (HEI) in South Africa, focusing on the occupational therapy program. Purposive sampling was used to recruit key participants ( = 44), including management, academic educators, clinical supervisors (academics), academic support educators, and occupational therapy students. Data collection occurred via the Zoom platform for 45-60-min semistructured interviews. Thematic analysis, guided by the PEOP model, was employed to analyze qualitative data, which was recorded, transcribed, and coded using NVivo (Version 12 Pro). The study ensured trustworthiness and adherence to ethical principles. The PEOP model was used as a framework to formulate the themes, namely, (1) person, (2) environment, (3) occupation, (4) occupational performance, and (5) occupational performance and participation. In the context of occupational therapy education, particular emphasis was placed on the adaptations and responses of educators and students as they navigated the demands of their educational occupations during the pandemic. The curriculum underwent rapid adjustments, requiring theoretical instruction and clinical practice modifications. These changes posed significant challenges and highlighted pre-existing gaps within HEIs, as experienced by educators and students. This study highlighted the importance of supporting optimal occupational performance among educators and students, emphasizing the necessity of providing adequate resources and support. This ensures the well-being of educators and students, enabling effective engagement and participation as they navigate the evolving educational landscape.
Exploring Goal Attainment Scaling Among Occupational Therapy Students: A Retrospective Descriptive Analysis.
Alduraidi W, Zhang E, Foster L … +1 more , Mische-Lawson L
Occup Ther Int · 2025 · PMID 39845290 · Full text
This study explored the administration of goal attainment scaling (GAS) by entry-level occupational therapy (OT) students, examining their competency following minimal training. While GAS is valuable for measuring progre...
This study explored the administration of goal attainment scaling (GAS) by entry-level occupational therapy (OT) students, examining their competency following minimal training. While GAS is valuable for measuring progress toward individualized client goals, its implementation requires specific skills and training that may challenge entry-level practitioners. Using retrospective data from a study of sensory garments' effects on children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), we analyzed GAS administration by five entry-level OT students. Students received both indirect training through their curriculum and 3 h of direct research-specific preparation. Using a modified version of the GAS checklist, we evaluated students' competency through video recordings of GAS administration sessions and written GAS. Analysis revealed variable competency levels among students. While overall performance met 82.4% of checklist criteria, individual student competency varied considerably (54.5%-95.4%). Three of five students achieved the established 75% competency threshold. Students consistently met criteria for conceptual goal construction and timeframe specification but struggled with maintaining single dimensions of change and specifying observable behaviors. Entry-level OT students demonstrated varying levels of competency in GAS administration following minimal training. Our findings suggest the need for more comprehensive training in specific aspects of GAS, particularly in scale construction and behavioral specification. These results have important implications for how OT programs prepare students to implement GAS in clinical practice.
Investigation of the Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Version of the Basic Activities of Daily Living Questionnaire in Preschool Children.
Şahan N, Atasavun Uysal S
Occup Ther Int · 2025 · PMID 39840124 · Full text
Basic Activities of Daily Living-Preschool Period Tool BADL-P) is a fast and quick test that does not require a special environment, where activities of daily living (ADLs) in preschool children are questioned. The aim o...
Basic Activities of Daily Living-Preschool Period Tool BADL-P) is a fast and quick test that does not require a special environment, where activities of daily living (ADLs) in preschool children are questioned. The aim of the study was to conduct a Turkish reliability and cultural adaptation of the BADL-P. The study was conducted among 211 parents of preschool children. Validity was determined using exploratory factor analysis. To determine convergent validity, the Functional Independence Measure for Kids (WeeFIM) scale was used. Cronbach's alpha, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and item-total correlation (ITC) values were calculated to assess the reliability of the BADL-P. Totally, 99 girls and 112 boys, aged 3-6 years, with the children's mean age of 4.50 ± 0.75 years (3 years = 11%, 4 years = 32.1%, 5 years = 52.2%, and 6 years = 4.8%), were included. Exploratory factor analysis revealed that the BADL-P had sufficient fit. The BADL-P was weakly to highly correlated with the WeeFIM ( < 0.05 and < 0.001). Cronbach's alpha and ICC values of the BADL-P were acceptable (0.912 and 0.837, respectively). The ITC values of each item of the BADL-P were also acceptable (ranged from 0.232 to 0.683). Children in the 5-6 age group demonstrated higher scores and exhibited more advanced development in the ADL areas compared to children in the 3-4 age group ( < 0.05). The Turkish version of the BADL-P is valid, reliable, and sensitive to assessing and monitoring the performance of Turkish preschool children in ADL.
The Development of a Vocational Rehabilitation Program to Assist Individuals With MDRTB and TB in Returning to Work.
Soeker MS, Jainodien A
Occup Ther Int · 2025 · PMID 39803370 · Full text
Individuals diagnosed with tuberculosis (TB) and multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB may struggle to return to work after they have completed a rehabilitation program. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDRTB) has been seen as a...
Individuals diagnosed with tuberculosis (TB) and multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB may struggle to return to work after they have completed a rehabilitation program. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDRTB) has been seen as a condition that is resistant to treatment, hence causing individuals to be economically in-active for considerable periods of time. The aim of the current study was to explore the views of individuals living with MDRTB, individuals with TB, and health professionals treating individuals with TB and MDRTB about the development of a vocational rehabilitation program. The researchers used an exploratory descriptive research design, and semistructured interviews were conducted with five key informants and four participants who were diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and MDRTB. Thematic analysis was used in order to analyse the study findings. The current study is the second of two articles. The first article focused on barriers and facilitators linked to returning to work for individuals living with TB and MDRTB. The current article focuses on the development of a vocational rehabilitation program. The findings of the original study revealed five themes; however, for the purpose of this article, only two themes will be presented, namely, Theme 1: promoting a holistic model and Theme 2: the use of resources for activity engagement. The latter theme contributed to the participant's view of the development of a vocational rehabilitation program. The study provided a description of the components of a vocational rehabilitation program that has been adapted from the Model of Occupational Self-Efficacy (MOOSE). The above program has been designed for individuals diagnosed with PTB/MDRTB and has the potential to assist them in returning to work. It is suggested that vocational rehabilitation programs be incorporated into general medical programs that focus on improving the functioning of individuals diagnosed with PTB/MDRTB.
Focusing Attention to Improve Throwing Skills in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: Exploring the Influence of Working Memory.
Ramadan QM, Sabaghi A, Heirani A
Occup Ther Int · 2025 · PMID 39803369 · Full text
This study is aimed at investigating the impact of internal and external attention focus on learning a throwing skill in children with autism, as well as the relationship between working memory and learning rate. Twenty-...
This study is aimed at investigating the impact of internal and external attention focus on learning a throwing skill in children with autism, as well as the relationship between working memory and learning rate. Twenty-four children aged 6-8 years with autism were assigned to internal and external attention groups. Participants performed a throwing task while their working memory was assessed using Cornoldi's working memory test. The data was analyzed using ANOVA with repeated measures involving two attention instructions and five blocks during the acquisition stage. An independent -test was conducted during the retention phase. Furthermore, a Pearson correlation test was utilized to explore any potential relationship between working memory and performance in both the acquisition and retention stages. Data analysis revealed no significant difference between the internal and external attention groups during the acquisition phase ( > 0.05), but a significant difference was found in the retention phase ( < 0.05). There was no correlation between working memory and learning outcomes ( > 0.05). The results suggest that internal attention may enhance motor learning in children with autism, and reducing working memory load does not necessarily favor external attention.
Early Career South African Occupational Therapists' Perceptions of Person-Environment Fit in Work-Life Areas That Influence Work Stress.
de Witt P, Bruce M, Botha M … +1 more , Franzsen D
Occup Ther Int · 2024 · PMID 39478970 · Full text
Poor fit between the work environment and work expectations is associated with high levels of workplace-related stress. Work stress in occupational therapy has been attributed to the nature of the profession and various...
Poor fit between the work environment and work expectations is associated with high levels of workplace-related stress. Work stress in occupational therapy has been attributed to the nature of the profession and various other workplace-related factors. Workplace-related stress leading to burnout has been found to be higher in early career occupational therapists with less than 5 years of experience. This study explored workplace factors that result in poor person-work environment fit in six work-life areas in South African early career occupational therapists. A descriptive electronic survey design was used to access a sample of South African 261 occupational therapists with 2-5 years of work experience. The Area of Work-Life Survey (AWS) considers six work-life areas: control, workload, community, rewards, values, and fairness, which were used to collect data. Data were analysed to determine low, moderate, and high work environment fit for workplace factors including employment setting, field of practice, years' experience, time with current organization, and hours worked. Of the six work-life areas, only the scores for workload fell below the norm for the respondents. All six work-life areas were impacted by employment settings, with respondents in public health hospitals and clinics indicating significantly low person-environment fit in most areas. Respondents in physical rehabilitation had a significantly low fit for workload, as did years of experience, length of time with organization, and hours worked. Fairness had a low fit for physical rehabilitation and medicolegal fields of practice. Workload impacted workplace-related stress in respondents with scores below the norm on the AWS for this work-life area. Although some work-related factors affected workplace-related stress, the overall scores for the other work-life areas were above the norm, with only respondents in public service settings and in the field of physical rehabilitation reporting low work environment fit.
Impact of COVID-19 on the Participation of Iranian Adolescents in Daily Life: Development and Validation of the IAPAT-C Tool.
Joveini G, Lajevardi L, Khalafbeigi M … +2 more , Hasani Mehraban A, Zareiyan A
Occup Ther Int · 2024 · PMID 39445212 · Full text
: The present study is aimed at evaluating the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on Iranian adolescents' participation in various domains of life. The electronic version of the Iranian Adolescent Participation Assessment...
: The present study is aimed at evaluating the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on Iranian adolescents' participation in various domains of life. The electronic version of the Iranian Adolescent Participation Assessment Tool-COVID-19 (IAPAT-C) was developed and validated for this purpose. : This study was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, the electronic version of the IAPAT-C was developed and validated through a methodological study involving five stages: content validity review, cognitive interviews, item analysis, structural validity assessment using confirmatory factor analysis, and reliability analysis. The tool was adapted from the previously validated IAPAT and revalidated for this study. In the second phase, the effects of COVID-19 on adolescents' participation were evaluated using a longitudinal one group before and after comparative design. The study involved 654 adolescents aged 13-18, and the data were analyzed using SPSS19 and GPower 3 software. : The IAPAT-C evaluates the participation of Iranian adolescents in 54 daily life activities before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. It utilizes a 5-point Likert scale and was validated through an expert panel review for content validity. Additionally, cognitive interviews with six adolescents confirmed its comprehensibility, relevance, and comprehensiveness. Item analysis, based on data from 38 participants, demonstrated strong interitem correlations (0.6-0.94) and excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha > 0.7). The tool's structural validity was supported by confirmatory factor analysis, which showed that the measurement model was a good fit. Convergent and discriminant validity of model constructs were also confirmed. Notably, COVID-19 significantly impacted all aspects of adolescents' lives, except for work. : The electronic version of the IAPAT-C was valid and reliable. COVID-19 significantly affected various aspects of Iranian adolescents' daily lives. Accordingly, it is necessary to provide appropriate interventions and policies for this sensitive class.
Factors Influencing Decision-Making for Poststroke Paretic Upper Limb Treatment: A Survey of Japanese Physical and Occupational Therapists.
Hirayama K, Takebayashi T, Takahashi K
Occup Ther Int · 2024 · PMID 39403110 · Full text
This study investigated the treatment methods used by physical and occupational therapists for poststroke paretic upper limbs and the factors influencing their decision-making processes. For the treatment methods of post...
This study investigated the treatment methods used by physical and occupational therapists for poststroke paretic upper limbs and the factors influencing their decision-making processes. For the treatment methods of poststroke paretic upper limbs, the respondents were asked to select the most clinically used treatment according to the severity of the patient's condition. For the factors influencing their decision-making processes, the respondents were asked to indicate each determinant using a 5-point Likert scale (1 = to 5 = ). Six hundred thirty-eight therapists participated in this study. Exploratory factor analysis was used to assess the validity of the questionnaire. The findings indicated task-specific training ( = 333, 52%) as the most popular for mild cases, followed by repetitive facilitative exercise ( = 143, 22.3%) for moderate cases and electrical stimulation ( = 246, 38.4%) for severe cases. This study revealed that evidence about treatment (very strong: = 171 (27.0%), and strong: = 287 (45.0%)) and patient preferences (very strong: = 203 (31.8%), and strong: = 251 (39.3%)) affected decision-making significantly regarding treatment methods for the poststroke paretic upper limb.
A Delphi Exploration of Toileting Activity Performance in Individuals With Cerebral Palsy Within the ICF-CY Framework: Unveiling Influential Factors.
Riyahi A, Akbarfahimi M, Rassafiani M … +3 more , Pournasiri Z, Ahmadi M, Hassani Mehraban A
Occup Ther Int · 2024 · PMID 39403109 · Full text
Cerebral palsy (CP) is a common motor and postural developmental disability impacting daily activities like toileting. Despite its importance, toileting has often been undervalued in healthcare. This study is aimed at id...
Cerebral palsy (CP) is a common motor and postural developmental disability impacting daily activities like toileting. Despite its importance, toileting has often been undervalued in healthcare. This study is aimed at identifying and assessing the level of influence of various factors affecting toileting in individuals with CP using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health for Children and Youth (ICF-CY) framework. The Delphi method was employed to reach a consensus on factors influencing toileting in individuals with CP. One hundred fifty-eight professionals from 17 countries, each with at least 3 years' experience in CP and/or toileting, participated in this two-round study. Ethical approval (IR.IUMS.REC.1400.1111) and informed consent were obtained. The questionnaire, available in Farsi and English, used a Likert scale (5 = to 1 = ). Factors with 75% agreement and a mean above 3.75 were included in the final list, while those with 50%-75% agreement or a mean between 2.5 and 3.75 proceeded to the second round. Factors were initially identified through a literature review and research team consultation and categorized according to the ICF-CY framework using the ICF 10 RULES. Validation and refinement were done through focus groups with caregivers and experienced professionals to ensure alignment with the framework and methodological rigor. The study highlighted significant factors influencing toileting activities in individuals with CP. Within the ICF-CY framework, "neuromusculoskeletal and movement-related functions" scored highest at 94.5% in "body functions and structures." "Toilet environment" scored 90.5% in "environmental factors." Support and relationship factors scored 82.3%. Attitudes toward "menstruation" ranked highest at 92.9%. Associated deficits with CP ranked top in personal factors at 93.7%. The study identifies key factors influencing toileting activity performance in individuals with CP. "Main caregiver" emerges as a pivotal factor, followed by neuromusculoskeletal functions, personal factors, attitudes toward menstruation, the toilet environment, and support and relationships.
A Conceptual Map of Knowledge Transfer in Occupational Therapy Clinical Practice in Central South Africa.
Swanepoel A, Janse van Vuuren C, Nayar S
Occup Ther Int · 2024 · PMID 39262577 · Full text
Empirical evidence has confirmed that all types of knowledge (propositional, procedural, personal, and client) contribute to evidence-based practice (EBP) and should be transferred in clinical practice to inform quality...
Empirical evidence has confirmed that all types of knowledge (propositional, procedural, personal, and client) contribute to evidence-based practice (EBP) and should be transferred in clinical practice to inform quality service delivery. However, it is unclear how the integration of the types of knowledge that are transferred in clinical practice manifests. Given this gap in understanding, the current research sought to build a conceptual map of knowledge transfer in clinical practice in central South Africa. A qualitative approach was followed, and data to build the conceptual map was obtained from a scoping review that explored the landscape of knowledge transfer in occupational therapy clinical practice, nine semistructured interviews with occupational therapists working in central South Africa, and a Q Method survey. The conceptual map-building process delivered a multidimensional, multidirectional conceptual map consisting of four concepts (theory and research, practice experience, patient-therapist relationship, and patient's voice in clinical practice) and four types of knowledge (propositional, procedural, personal, and client). The results show the integration of the types of knowledge and confirm that knowledge transfer in clinical practice is a complex and ongoing process. The conceptual map, a first of its kind in South Africa, presents empirical evidence of knowledge that is created and transferred in clinical practice in central South Africa. The conceptual map might provide a framework for collaboration amongst all stakeholders, such as patients, occupational therapists, and academics, to produce practice guidelines and occupational outcome measures to support evidence-based clinical practice.
Occupational Therapy for Parenting: Perspectives of Parents With Physical Disability.
Honey A, Peterson J, O'Mara V … +1 more , McGrath M
Occup Ther Int · 2024 · PMID 39184065 · Full text
Parenting with a physical disability often brings with it a range of challenges. Occupational therapists are well positioned to support parents to address these challenges, yet occupational therapy research and practice...
Parenting with a physical disability often brings with it a range of challenges. Occupational therapists are well positioned to support parents to address these challenges, yet occupational therapy research and practice around parenting is relatively scarce. This paper addresses the questions: (1) How should occupational therapists support parenting occupations for people with physical disability? (2) How do parents with physical disability experience occupational therapy? An anonymous survey of 62 parents, primarily mothers, with physical disability about their experiences with parenting challenges and occupational therapy was analysed using both quantitative and qualitative techniques. Parents experienced challenges in engaging in a range of parenting tasks with children over a range of age groups. Parents reported that support was often needed and indicated that occupational therapy could assist them directly with specific parenting goals as well as the more usual biomechanical goals that influence parenting. Yet less than half of participants who received occupational therapy services reported that parenting tasks were addressed, and only one-fifth reported that their goals had been fully met. The data also indicated that the knowledge, skills, and attitudes of occupational therapists with regard to working with parents with disability can be improved. Findings suggest a need to better incorporate parenting occupations in standard occupational therapy training to increase occupational therapists' comfort and competence in working with clients on parenting issues.
The Healing Elements of an Eclectic Life Skills Programme: Clients' Perspectives.
Stone A, van Niekerk L
Occup Ther Int · 2024 · PMID 39148910 · Full text
The article reports the healing elements of an eclectic life skills programme (ELSP) from the perspective of group members. An ELSP utilising groups was developed to manage clients with mixed diagnostic profiles and dif...
The article reports the healing elements of an eclectic life skills programme (ELSP) from the perspective of group members. An ELSP utilising groups was developed to manage clients with mixed diagnostic profiles and different stages of recovery simultaneously. The aim was to explore the healing elements of an ELSP. Maximum variation purposive sampling was used to select six participants for the phenomenological inquiry. Data collection is comprised of observations, semistructured interviews, and reflective journals. Data analysis comprised an inductive thematic analysis. Participants all attended groups offered within the ELSP. They participated in two semistructured interviews: the first interview in the week following admission and the second just before discharge. In addition, they documented their experiences in reflective journals for the duration of their participation. The analogy of a kaleidoscope portrayed the four themes; three pertained to structural dynamics, namely, , , and . The fourth theme, namely, , pertained to personal sense-making by individual group members. The dynamic interplay of healing factors, captured in the themes, facilitated healing. Self-reflection was integral to the creation of a bespoke, facilitated self-learning process with direct application in group members' own lives.
An Exploration of the Experiences and Perceptions of TBI Survivors About Accessing Vocational Rehabilitation During the COVID-19 Pandemic.
Petersen T, Soeker MS
Occup Ther Int · 2024 · PMID 39108662 · Full text
Statistics indicate a high prevalence of TBI in South Africa, with many individuals with TBI not returning to work. The lack of return to work among TBI survivors is particularly due to factors such as injury severity, p...
Statistics indicate a high prevalence of TBI in South Africa, with many individuals with TBI not returning to work. The lack of return to work among TBI survivors is particularly due to factors such as injury severity, preinjury educational and occupational status, and age at injury. However, in addition to the above factors, there was the COVID-19 pandemic, which resulted in the de-escalation of nonessential outpatient services in order to assist with curbing the spread of the virus. The aim of the article is to explore the experiences and perceptions of TBI survivors about accessing vocational rehabilitation during the COVID-19 pandemic and how this has affected their worker roles. A descriptive, explorative qualitative research design was used, and semistructured interviews were conducted to collect data. The authors subsequently analysed the transcribed data using a thematic analysis approach. The COREQ (consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research) checklist was used as a reporting guideline. Ten TBI survivors and two individuals working in the public health sector participated in this study. Two semistructured interviews were conducted with each research participant. Three themes emanated from the study, namely, Theme 1: "The barriers to accessing rehabilitation during the COVID-19 pandemic" represents the participants' barriers to accessing rehabilitation programmes throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. Theme 2: "Lack of rehabilitation negatively influenced the individual with TBI occupational performance" describes how the lack of OT rehabilitation during the COVID-19 pandemic impacted the participants' quality of life. Theme 3: "Factors that facilitated access to rehabilitation during the COVID-19 pandemic" describes the factors that facilitated access to OT rehabilitation services during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study found that there were barriers and facilitators to accessing occupational therapy rehabilitation during the COVID-19 pandemic for TBI survivors. More research needs to be conducted to explore the efficacy of telehealth/telemedicine for occupational therapy rehabilitation and the role of the occupational therapist in global pandemics.
Participation Questionnaire for Preschoolers With Autism Spectrum Disorder: Item Development.
Nakamura T, Koyama S, Nagayama H … +1 more , Sasada S
Occup Ther Int · 2024 · PMID 39104878 · Full text
Occupational therapists need to comprehensively assess the participation of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in daily activities and evaluate the effectiveness of relevant interventions. Several participation...
Occupational therapists need to comprehensively assess the participation of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in daily activities and evaluate the effectiveness of relevant interventions. Several participation measurement tools have been developed for children with ASD, but these tools require expert involvement, which is a barrier to large-scale surveys. To address these concerns, a caregiver-administered questionnaire-the Participation Questionnaire for Preschoolers (PQP)-was developed. However, this tool could be improved due to its narrow age range of 48-72 months and because the item development process does not reflect the perspectives of children and caregivers. Therefore, we expanded the PQP's target age range to 36-83 months and developed new items that reflect the perspectives of professionals and caregivers. Interviews were conducted with eight experts in supporting children with ASD and 11 caregivers of children with ASD. The interviews were transcribed, and a content analysis was performed. The number of questions was reduced from 51 to 36, and the order of items was changed for clarity. Two of the eight subdomains were removed to clarify the conceptual difference between activity and participation. The updated version of the PQP has two unique features: (1) it can be administered without expert involvement, and (2) it includes items specific to the challenges faced by children with ASD. Future development of the scale and validation of its measurement properties are needed.
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