The Indian Journal Of Medical Research[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
In conversation with Dr Harlan M. Krumholz: On preprints, the story behind medRxiv.
Arjuman A
Indian J Med Res · 2026 Jul · PMID 42397834 · Publisher ↗
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
Clay pots for reducing fluoride concentration in drinking water.
Bansal A, Nagar R, Kurli A … +3 more , M P AR, Gupta SG, Gupta P
Indian J Med Res · 2026 Jul · PMID 42397833 · Publisher ↗
Background and objectives Fluoride contamination of drinking water is a major public health challenge in India, leading to dental and skeletal fluorosis. Safe, affordable household interventions are needed to reduce expo...
Background and objectives Fluoride contamination of drinking water is a major public health challenge in India, leading to dental and skeletal fluorosis. Safe, affordable household interventions are needed to reduce exposure. This pilot study evaluated the effectiveness of locally available clay pots in reducing fluoride concentration in stored drinking water. Methods Ten water samples from different sources in Indore, India, were collected and analysed for baseline fluoride concentration using the SPADNS (sodium 2-(para-sulfophenylazo)-1,8-dihydroxy-3,6-naphthalene disulfonate) spectrophotometric method. Each sample was stored in a clay pot at room temperature for 24 h. Post-storage fluoride concentrations were remeasured. Statistical analysis was performed using a paired t-test. Results Mean fluoride concentration decreased significantly from 0.72±0.10 mg/L to 0.26±0.06 mg/L, corresponding to an average 64% reduction (P=0.01). Interpretation and conclusions Clay pots provide a simple, low-cost, and culturally acceptable method for fluoride reduction in resource-limited communities.
Telephonic reminders for improving anti-rabies vaccination completion at a rural primary health centre: A quality improvement initiative.
Rajan S V, Udayakumar KRP, Gumataj AB … +4 more , Raj R, Gola A, Sarkar S, Lakshminarayanan S
Indian J Med Res · 2026 Jul · PMID 42397832 · Publisher ↗
Background and objectives Rabies is a fatal zoonotic viral disease preventable by prophylactic vaccination. About 60% of dog bite cases in India haven't completed vaccination schedules, and the reason among half of the d...
Background and objectives Rabies is a fatal zoonotic viral disease preventable by prophylactic vaccination. About 60% of dog bite cases in India haven't completed vaccination schedules, and the reason among half of the defaulters was forgetfulness. This study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of telephonic reminders in vaccination completion status and explore the determinants of the intervention. Methods This is a quasi-experimental study conducted at a rural primary health centre, Puducherry, between June 2022 and November 2024. The intervention consisted of structured telephonic reminders delivered prior to scheduled anti-rabies vaccine (ARV) doses. Intervention effects were assessed using interrupted time series analysis with segmented regression, following formal assessment of autocorrelation. In addition, individual-level multivariable logistic regression with cluster-robust standard errors was used to estimate adjusted associations with ARV completion. Exploratory subgroup analyses were conducted using interaction terms and adjusted marginal effects. Results Among 695 animal bite victims, ARV completion increased from 60.2% in the pre-intervention period to 70.4% post-intervention. Interrupted time series analysis showed a statistically significant increase in post-intervention level and slope, indicating the effectiveness of the intervention. In adjusted individual-level analyses accounting for clustering by month, the post-intervention period was independently associated with higher odds of ARV completion [adjusted odds ratio 1.60, 95% Confidence interval (CI) 1.2 to 2.1]. Subgroup analyses demonstrated a significantly greater intervention effect among males, with an adjusted absolute increase in completion of 17.3% points and a significant interaction between intervention and sex of victims. Interpretation and conclusions Telephonic reminders integrated into routine primary care were associated with improved completion of the anti-rabies vaccination schedule among animal bite victims. The effect was consistent across most subgroups, with greater benefit among males. Reminder-based strategies can strengthen rabies post-exposure prophylaxis delivery in primary care.
BMI-dependent methylation and clinical signatures in North Indian women with PCOS.
Rawat K, Sandhu A, Kumar A … +4 more , Saha L, Walia R, Kumar Saha P, Bhatia A
Indian J Med Res · 2026 Jul · PMID 42397831 · Publisher ↗
Background and objectives Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous endocrine-metabolic disorder with unclear etiology, influenced by genetic, environmental, and epigenetic factors. This study investigated the...
Background and objectives Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous endocrine-metabolic disorder with unclear etiology, influenced by genetic, environmental, and epigenetic factors. This study investigated the role of gene-specific DNA methylation and transcriptional regulation in North Indian women with PCOS stratified by body mass index (BMI). Methods Thirty women with PCOS (19 obese, 11 non-obese) and 10 healthy controls (age-matched to both PCOS groups; BMI-matched to non-obese PCOS) were recruited. BMI stratification was intentional to assess obesity-specific epigenetic modifications. Clinical, hormonal, and metabolic parameters were assessed. Promoter-methylation and mRNA expression of 17 candidate genes involved in epigenetic regulation, steroidogenesis, insulin signalling, and cell proliferation were analysed using methylation-specific PCR and qRT-PCR. Correlation matrices were constructed to evaluate associations between methylation and clinical traits. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) based modelling was used to assess the predictive utility of methylation markers. Results PCOS-obese participants exhibited significantly elevated testosterone, Luteinising Hormone (LH), and cholesterol levels compared to controls. Vitamin D₃ deficiency was observed in both PCOS subgroups. Epigenetic analysis revealed hypermethylation and downregulation of TET1 and INSIG1, and hypomethylation-linked overexpression of SF1, CYP11A1, and cell cycle regulators. Correlation analyses revealed associative methylation expression signatures linked with key hormonal parameters (e.g., testosterone, LH/FSH ratio) and, to a lesser extent, metabolic traits (associative findings but not mechanistic conclusions). Interpretation and conclusions This integrative study highlights distinct methylation-expression signatures as hypothesis-generating markers that show statistical association with certain clinical traits, particularly in the obese-PCOS subgroup, but require validation in larger cohorts.
Focused ultrasound-induced blood-brain barrier modulation for drug delivery in recurrent glioblastoma: A systematic review.
Putra MAR, Ghozali SAS, Annisa MF
Indian J Med Res · 2026 Jul · PMID 42397830 · Publisher ↗
Background and objectives Glioblastoma is the most aggressive primary adult central nervous system of malignancy, with a median overall survival of 12-18 months. Recurrence is almost inevitable and carries poor outcomes,...
Background and objectives Glioblastoma is the most aggressive primary adult central nervous system of malignancy, with a median overall survival of 12-18 months. Recurrence is almost inevitable and carries poor outcomes, with median overall survival of 2-9 months and progression-free survival of 1.5-6 months. Treatment options are limited, as locoregional therapies apply to selected patients, and systemic treatments are restricted by the blood-brain barrier. Focused ultrasound has emerged as a noninvasive method to transiently and reversibly increase blood-brain barrier permeability. This study aims to systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of focused ultrasound-mediated blood-brain barrier modulation to enhance drug delivery in recurrent glioblastoma. Methods A systematic search of PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Wiley Online Library identified studies published between 2015-2024. The review followed PRISMA guidelines, with risk of bias assessed using ROBINS-I and protocol registration in PROSPERO (CRD420251010548). Disagreements were resolved by consensus. Results Twelve clinical trials involving 841 patients met inclusion criteria. Focused ultrasound-mediated platforms included SonoCloud-1, SonoCloud-9, ExAblate Neuro, and NaviFUS, with 1-10 sonication sessions lasting 2.5-22 min. blood-brain barrier opening was achieved in 68-100% of procedures. Median overall survival ranged from 9.95-18 months and median progression-free survival (PFS) from 2.2-3.5 months. Several studies reported improved outcomes vs historical chemotherapy-only controls, including progression-free survival-6 rates of 42-52%. Adverse events were mostly mild and transient, with >85% graded as Grade 1 and no treatment-related mortality. Interpretation and conclusions Focused ultrasound-mediated blood-brain barrier modulation is a practical therapeutic adjunct that improves intracerebral drug penetration and might extend survival beyond traditional outcomes; providing a noninvasive approach suitable for patients where systemic dose escalation is limited by toxicity and access.
Prevalence of metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus in India: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Singhai A, Meena R, Joshi R … +4 more , Khadanga S, Jhaj R, Goyal A, Wakode S
Indian J Med Res · 2026 Jul · PMID 42397829 · Publisher ↗
Background and objectives This systematic review seeks to assess the prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) within the Indian popul...
Background and objectives This systematic review seeks to assess the prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) within the Indian population. Methods A comprehensive search of SCOPUS, Web of Science and PubMed was performed for studies published from January 2000 to March 2025, using search terms such as MASLD, T2DM, NAFLD, steatohepatitis and India. This systematic review considered eligible Indian studies that included patients (≥18 years old) with T2DM and reported the prevalence of MASLD/NAFLD. The study excluded reviews, case reports, conference abstracts, editorials, and studies that did not have full texts. Pooled MASLD prevalence determined by liver biopsy, transient elastography, ultrasound, or biochemical markers was the main result. Prevalence estimates were combined using a random-effects model, and quality was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute approach. Results Across the 18 selected studies, the pooled prevalence of MASLD was estimated from 81,364 adult diabetic participants. In diabetic adults, the estimated pooled prevalence of MASLD was 56.9% [95% Confidence interval (CI), 39.1-74.8]. Among these studies, the prevalence by biochemical marker was 50.4% (95% CI 38.6 - 62.2), the prevalence by ultrasonography was 55.6% (95% CI 37.1 - 74.1), and the prevalence by Fibroscan as an imaging modality was 64.3% (95% CI 31 - 97.7). Several limitations were noted; many studies provided insufficient information regarding cohort representativeness, selection criteria for non-exposed groups, and the adequacy of follow up. Interpretation and conclusions While awareness of MASLD is increasing among diabetic populations globally, data concerning its prevalence and clinical characteristics in the Indian population-especially within regional demographics-remains limited. The variability in reported prevalence rates, ranging from 34 to 94%, among individuals with T2DM indicates a pressing need for region-specific research that considers the diverse ethnic backgrounds, diets, and lifestyles throughout India.
Prevalence and determinants of social isolation and loneliness among the elderly in India: A systematic review.
Muralidharan N, Thiagesan R, Gopichandran V
Indian J Med Res · 2026 Jul · PMID 42397828 · Publisher ↗
Background and objectives The population of older persons is increasing in India, with a projection of 230 million by 2036. With the increasing population of older persons, the prevalence of social isolation and loneline...
Background and objectives The population of older persons is increasing in India, with a projection of 230 million by 2036. With the increasing population of older persons, the prevalence of social isolation and loneliness is also increasing. The objective of the review was to assess the prevalence of social isolation and loneliness among older persons in India and to identify their risk factors. Methods The protocol for this systematic review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD420251172242). We included studies that reported the prevalence of social isolation and loneliness among older persons above 60 years of age in India. Data sources included PubMed, SCOPUS, CINAHL, and EBSCO databases. Studies were screened and selected using Rayyan software, and data were extracted and assessed for risk of bias using the Newcastle Ottawa scale. A meta-analysis was attempted, but the I2 was 99%, indicating high heterogeneity, and so a narrative synthesis was performed. The heterogeneity was due to different scales and different cut-off points. Results Out of 894 identified papers, 20 studies were included in the final review. The prevalence of loneliness obtained from 11 studies ranged from 3.8 to 66.4%, while social isolation obtained from 4 studies ranged from 3.6 to 86.4%. Key risk factors identified from 12 studies included increasing age, poor socio-economic status, poor physical health, mental health, and various social factors such as marital status, living conditions, strained relationships, elder abuse, and disengagement from social activities. Interpretations and conclusions The review highlights a significant burden of social isolation and loneliness among the elderly in India, influenced by demographic, health, and social factors. A pooled estimate of prevalence was not feasible due to the heterogeneity of studies. Future research should focus on population-based assessment using standard, validated scales to better understand the magnitude of the problem.
Shigella and Guillain-Barré syndrome: Reconsidering an overlooked link.
Kaur S, Pahil S
Indian J Med Res · 2026 Jul · PMID 42397827 · Publisher ↗
Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) is a rare autoimmune neurological disorder, mostly associated with preceding gastrointestinal or respiratory infections. Various bacterial and viral pathogens have been associated with GBS;...
Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) is a rare autoimmune neurological disorder, mostly associated with preceding gastrointestinal or respiratory infections. Various bacterial and viral pathogens have been associated with GBS; Campylobacter jejuni being a well-established bacterial trigger. A few case reports and an outbreak of GBS wayback in 1976 also indicated an association of Shigella and GBS. Although Shigella primarily causes bacillary dysentery; however, it has been linked with neurological complications, including peripheral neuropathy. Shigella's substantial global burden, high endemicity in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) with known neuroinvasive potential prompted us to explore its possible role in GBS outbreaks. This perspective discusses the recent GBS outbreak in India, the possible role of Shigella in GBS, and surveillance gaps for GBS in LMICs for rapid diagnosis and treatment.
Integrated tuberculosis-multimorbidity management in India: A SWOT analysis.
Panigrahi S, Parida D, Sinha A … +3 more , Chandra Sahoo K, Bhattacharya D, Pati S
Indian J Med Res · 2026 Jul · PMID 42397826 · Publisher ↗
Tuberculosis multimorbidity is an emerging burden to the healthcare system in India, but the national programmes like the National TB Elimination Programme (NTEP), the National Programme for Prevention and Control of NCD...
Tuberculosis multimorbidity is an emerging burden to the healthcare system in India, but the national programmes like the National TB Elimination Programme (NTEP), the National Programme for Prevention and Control of NCDs (NP-NCD), and the National Mental Health Programme (NMHP) are still operating in silos, leading to fragmented and inefficient care. This paper employs a SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats) analysis to evaluate the integration potential of these programmes within the platform of Ayushman Arogya Mandirs (AAMs). The analysis identifies key strengths, such as NTEP's robust surveillance and NP-NCD's wide screening network, and critical weaknesses, including isolated digital platforms and a lack of cross-programme training for health workers. Significant opportunities exist through linking digital systems like Ni-kshay and the NP-NCD application, and training frontline workers in composite care. Major threats include persistent policy fragmentation and patient stigma. We conclude that a strategic shift from vertical, disease-specific programmes to a person-centred, integrated model is essential. This requires collaboration at the policy level, the integration of comprehensive digital health records, and the delegation of responsibilities to primary care teams, including AAMs, to effectively manage multimorbidity, improve patient outcomes, and advance India's goals of attaining Universal Health Coverage of tuberculosis.
Molecular epidemiology of Acanthamoeba in human infections and environmental reservoirs in India.
Khurana S, Singh S, Rathor S … +13 more , Tanwar P, Moorkoth AP, V K S, Sankar P, V B, Gupta N, Banerjee K, Roy S, Rajahamsan J, Shanmugham M, Reghukumar A, Tilak R, Verma N
Indian J Med Res · 2026 Jul · PMID 42397825 · Publisher ↗
Background and objectives Acanthamoeba spp. are free-living amoebae causing rare but frequently fatal, granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE). Understanding their genotypic distribution is essential for defining epidem...
Background and objectives Acanthamoeba spp. are free-living amoebae causing rare but frequently fatal, granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE). Understanding their genotypic distribution is essential for defining epidemiology and identifying environmental sources. This study investigated Acanthamoeba in clinically suspected cases of GAE and in environmental water sources across India. Methods A total of 125 clinical specimens from patients with suspected GAE [cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), brain biopsy tissue, or pus] and 14 environmental water samples (pond, well, and household water) were analyzed between April 2023 and August 2025. Microscopic examination of samples and culture on non-nutrient agar overlaid with Escherichia coli was done. Centrifuged water pellets were processed similarly. DNA extraction and polymerase chain reaction assay (PCR) targeting the Acanthamoeba spp. diagnostic fragment were performed, followed by sequencing for genotype identification. Results Eighteen (14.4%) clinical samples were Acanthamoeba-PCR positive, with seven yielding positive cultures. These included samples from Kerala (n=9), Karnataka (n=4), Himachal Pradesh (n=2), and one each from Delhi, West Bengal, and Uttar Pradesh. Seven (50%) water samples were Acanthamoeba-PCR positive (Kerala, n=4, and West Bengal, n=3), of which two were culture-positive. Genotyping of 12 clinical and four environmental samples revealed that all isolates belonged to genotype T4, except for one T3 CSF-derived isolate from Karnataka. Interpretation and conclusions The predominance of Acanthamoeba genotype T4 across clinical and environmental samples mirrors global trends and suggests enhanced pathogenic potential and ecological adaptability of this genotype. The detection of environmental genotypes underscores the importance of systematic environmental surveillance in elucidating transmission pathways more effectively.
Programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression in serous ovarian carcinoma with clinicopathological associations.
Chaturvedi A, Tomar R, Mandal S … +2 more , Goswami D, Khurana N
Indian J Med Res · 2026 Jul · PMID 42397824 · Publisher ↗
Background and objectives The prevalence and significance of programmed death-1 ligand (PD-L1) expression in serous ovarian carcinoma are not well established. This study aimed to evaluate PD-L1 expression using immunohi...
Background and objectives The prevalence and significance of programmed death-1 ligand (PD-L1) expression in serous ovarian carcinoma are not well established. This study aimed to evaluate PD-L1 expression using immunohistochemistry (IHC) in whole tissue sections of serous ovarian carcinoma and to correlate its expression with relevant clinicopathological characteristics. Methods A retrospective study of 30 cases was conducted at a tertiary care centre in New Delhi, India, over one yr. All cases were reviewed using HandE staining, and IHC for PD-L1 was performed manually on poly-L-lysine-coated slides using the PD-L1 (E1L3N®) XP® Rabbit monoclonal antibody. Additional clinicomorphological data were recorded and analysed. Results Based on the combined positive score (CPS) with a 1% cutoff, PD-L1 expression was observed in 33% of cases. PD-L1 expression demonstrated a positive correlation with higher FIGO stage and the presence of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) (P=0.029). Interpretation and conclusion PD-L1 may serve as a potential prognostic marker in serous ovarian carcinoma. Its expression could help identify patients who may benefit from targeted PD-L1-based therapies and contributes to a better understanding of the biological behaviour of ovarian carcinoma.
Efficacy and safety of stem cell therapy in type 1 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.
Yadav J, Kumar J, Kumar R … +6 more , Dawman L, Meena J, Saini L, Kumar Padhi B, Dayal D, Pal R
Indian J Med Res · 2026 Jul · PMID 42397823 · Publisher ↗
Background and objectives Stem cell therapy has emerged as a potential treatment for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), offering the possibility of modifying disease progression. This systematic review and meta-analysis ai...
Background and objectives Stem cell therapy has emerged as a potential treatment for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), offering the possibility of modifying disease progression. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of stem cell therapy in patients with T1DM. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and CENTRAL for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published until January 2025 that evaluated stem cell therapy in T1DM. The primary outcome was the glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) level. The secondary outcomes included fasting C-peptide levels, insulin dose reduction, insulin independence, and adverse events. The risk of bias was assessed using the Risk of Bias 2.0 tool. Results Eight reports from seven RCTs (169 participants) were included. Stem cell therapy was associated with a marginal reduction in HbA1c at 6 months [mean difference (MD): -0.57%, 95% CI: -1.13 to -0.02] but not at 12 months (-0.49%, -0.98 to 0.00). Fasting C-peptide levels (ng/mL) showed slight improvement at both 6 months (0.03, 0.03 to 0.03) and 12 months (0.09, 0.05 to 0.13). None of the participants achieved insulin independence or experienced serious adverse events. The certainty of the evidence was rated as very low for all outcomes. Interpretation and conclusions Stem cell therapy may offer marginal improvements in HbA1c and fasting C-peptide levels in T1DM; however, these benefits are of limited clinical significance. Given the small sample sizes, high heterogeneity, and very low certainty of evidence, well-designed, adequately powered RCTs are required to establish the therapeutic role of stem cells in T1DM.
Vaccine nation: How immunisation shaped India, Macmillan (Pan Macmillan India Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi) 2025. 487 pages. Price: Not mentioned.
Verma S
Indian J Med Res · 2026 Jul · PMID 42397822 · Publisher ↗
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
Sero surveillance of human brucellosis and leptospirosis among veterinary personnel in Sikkim, India: A descriptive cross -sectional study.
Sharma TD, Subba SH, Dopthapa YP … +2 more , Tamang S, Tiwari S
Indian J Med Res · 2026 Jul · PMID 42397821 · Publisher ↗
A cross-sectional sero-surveillance study was conducted across the five districts of Sikkim to determine the seroprevalence of Brucella and Leptospira antibodies among veterinary and para-veterinary personnel. Serum samp...
A cross-sectional sero-surveillance study was conducted across the five districts of Sikkim to determine the seroprevalence of Brucella and Leptospira antibodies among veterinary and para-veterinary personnel. Serum samples were tested for Brucella using the Rose Bengal Test, Standard Agglutination Test, and ELISA (IgG/IgM), while Leptospira antibodies were detected using ELISA (IgG/IgM). Brucella seroprevalence was 18.8%, and Leptospira seroprevalence was 20.5%. The findings indicate a considerable level of exposure to both infections in this occupational group, underscoring the need for strengthened surveillance and preventive measures within a One Health framework.
Cerebral venous thrombosis-related stroke in India: Clinical patterns, risk factors, and outcomes from the hospital-based stroke registry programme.
Huliyappa D, P V P, Sardana V … +12 more , Kulkarni GB, Nandhagopal R, Panda S, Jaiswal S, Saravanan S, Chaurasia RN, Kashyap PV, Sylaja PN, Chowdhury D, Sharma S, Sekar A, Mathur P
Indian J Med Res · 2026 Jul · PMID 42397820 · Publisher ↗
Background and objectives Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is an uncommon cause of stroke, with limited multicentre data from India. This study describes the clinical profile, risk factors, management, and outcomes of CV...
Background and objectives Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is an uncommon cause of stroke, with limited multicentre data from India. This study describes the clinical profile, risk factors, management, and outcomes of CVT from ICMR-NINE Hospital-Based Stroke Registry Programme. Methods A cross-sectional analysis of CVT cases reported from 30 hospitals across India (January 2020-December 2022) was conducted. Sociodemographic, clinical, imaging, treatment, and outcome data were analysed. Functional outcome was assessed using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Multivariable logistic regression identified predictors of 3-month mortality. Results Among 34,792 registered stroke cases, 575 (1.6%) had CVT. Mean age was 37.5 years, with 72.4% (n= 416) aged 18-44 years, and 60% (n=345) were male. Headache (n=468, 81.4%), motor impairment (n=285, 49.6%), and seizures (n=259 ,45%) were the common presentations. Haemorrhagic infarction (n=177, 30.8%) was the predominant parenchymal imaging finding, with multiple sinus involvement in 62.4% (n=339). Anaemia (n=186, 32.6%), alcohol use (n=174, 30.9%), and hyperhomocysteinemia (n=152, 26.6%) were the leading risk factors. At 3 months, 74.8% (n=430) achieved good outcomes (mRS 0-2), (n=60) 10.4% remained with some disability, and 9.2% (n=53) died. Mortality was independently associated with age ≥45 years [Odds ration (OR) 12.11 to 18.32 depending on age group], impaired consciousness [OR =2.41, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03-5.67; P=0.044], dysphagia at onset (OR =3.36, 95% CI: 1.48-7.65, P=0.004), and delayed arrival at hospital between 12-24 h after symptom onset (OR =4.25, 95% CI: 1.08-16.74, P=0.038). Interpretation and conclusions In India, CVT-related stroke predominantly affects young males. Anaemia, alcohol use, and hyperhomocysteinemia are the major risk factors. Older age, delayed hospital presentation between 12-24 h, impaired consciousness, and dysphagia at onset, predict higher mortality.
ORS-from choir to solo.
Patwari AK
Indian J Med Res · 2026 Jul · PMID 42397819 · Publisher ↗
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
Clinical significance of anti-dense fine speckled 70 antibodies in dense fine speckled immunofluorescence positive patients, systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases, and controls.
Mylavarapu R, Gavali M, Puranam K … +2 more , Parejiya BK, Rajasekhar L
Indian J Med Res · 2026 Jul · PMID 42397818 · Publisher ↗
Background and objectives The dense fine speckled (DFS) anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) pattern, caused by anti-DFS70 antibodies, is often misunderstood due to its low association with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases...
Background and objectives The dense fine speckled (DFS) anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) pattern, caused by anti-DFS70 antibodies, is often misunderstood due to its low association with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARD) and presence in healthy individuals. Few studies suggest monospecific anti-DFS70 antibodies may exclude SARD. Given limited data from India, we aimed to assess the prevalence and clinical associations of anti-DFS70 antibodies in undefined disease, SARD, and controls. Methods Sera from patients with undefined disease and non-rheumatic disease controls were screened for DFS pattern during the evaluation for ANA by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF); positive samples were confirmed using anti-DFS70 ELISA and line immunoassay (LIA). SARD sera were tested by ANA IIF, ELISA, and LIA. Results DFS IIF pattern was observed in 0.25%, 0.57% and 0.4% of undefined disease referrals, SARD patients, and controls respectively. ELISA anti-DFS70 and LIA were positive in 90% of undefined disease sera, 15.4% vs. 5.7% of SARD cases, and 100% of controls, respectively. ELISA and LIA showed almost perfect agreement in undefined disease (κ= 0.861). In SARD group, anti-DFS70 ELISA positivity was predominantly observed in SLE (P=0.003); higher ELISA optical density, higher systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLEDAI) scores (P<0.001), anti-dsDNA (P=0.0001), and renal involvement (P=0.014) being significant observations. Monospecific anti-DFS70 antibodies by LIA were significantly common in undefined disease (P<0.001). Interpretation and conclusions DFS pattern with monospecific anti-DFS70 antibodies suggests lower likelihood of SARD. Anti-DFS70 antibodies are uncommon in SARD and coexist with other disease-specific autoantibodies. These findings highlight the complexity of interpreting anti-DFS70 antibodies and underscore the need for comprehensive serological testing and clinical correlation.
Musculoskeletal health and mental well-being of occupational two-wheeler delivery drivers from Mumbai metropolitan region.
Khera S, Lokras S, Np K … +1 more , Gitte SV
Indian J Med Res · 2026 Jul · PMID 42397817 · Publisher ↗
Considering the surge of urban gig drivers, 111 two-wheeler delivery riders (ages 18-40) in Panvel, MMR were assessed using NMQ and GHQ-12. High (87.3%) prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders primarily in the lower back...
Considering the surge of urban gig drivers, 111 two-wheeler delivery riders (ages 18-40) in Panvel, MMR were assessed using NMQ and GHQ-12. High (87.3%) prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders primarily in the lower back (68%), significantly correlating with age (P<0.0086) and weight carried (P<0.0001) were observed. Additionally, 42.3% reported psychological distress (GHQ-12≥3), significantly associated with weight carried (P=0.0329), distance travelled (P=0.041), work hours (P=0.006) and the number of body parts affected by musculoskeletal disorders (P=0.0007). In conclusion, this occupational group faces a high risk of early-onset musculoskeletal disorders and long-term disability. Consequently, stakeholders must establish regulatory guidelines for this emerging sector.
Cost per outcome of ICU care under Biju Swasthya Kalyan Yojana in Odisha.
Mishra SB, Samal S, Choudhury S
Indian J Med Res · 2026 Jul · PMID 42397816 · Publisher ↗
Background and objectives The Biju Swasthya Kalyan Yojana (BSKY), a State-run health insurance programme in Odisha, provides financial protection for high-cost care, including intensive care unit (ICU) services. This stu...
Background and objectives The Biju Swasthya Kalyan Yojana (BSKY), a State-run health insurance programme in Odisha, provides financial protection for high-cost care, including intensive care unit (ICU) services. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes and economic value of ICU care delivered under BSKY over a two-year period at a tertiary centre. Methods A retrospective observational study was conducted among adults (≥18 years) with an APACHE II (acute physiology and chronic health evaluation) score ≥15 who were admitted to the ICU between January 2022 and December 2023 under BSKY coverage. Financial data (government reimbursement, hospital costs) and clinical outcomes (demographics, length of stay, mortality) were analysed. The cost per life saved and the cost per disability-adjusted life year (DALY) averted were calculated using the WHO-CHOICE (World Health Organization Choosing Interventions that are Cost-Effective) methodology. Results Of 2,805 ICU admissions, 1,799 eligible patients were analysed (mean age: 57.1 years; 64% male). The survival rate to discharge was 78.7%. Median ICU stay was 5.46 (1.86 - 9.06) days for survivors and 7.53 (1.4 - 13.66) days for non-survivors. The average hospital cost per patient was INR (₹) 69,381.62 (US$831.28), while the mean BSKY reimbursement was ₹1,03,411.4 (US$1,239) for survivors and ₹1,51,402.97 (US$1,814) for non-survivors. The cost per life saved was ₹1,44,366.99 (US$1,729.7). The study population yielded 8502 DALYs, with a cost per DALY averted of ₹74,941.97 (US$897.9) overall, ₹11,376 (US$136.3) for patients <60 yr, and ₹1,03,194.4 (US$1,236.4) for those ≥60 yr. Interpretation and conclusions ICU care under BSKY reduced patients' financial burden and achieved favourable cost per outcome across age groups, with particularly high value among younger patients. The findings support the need to sustain and expand critical care coverage under State health insurance schemes in India.
Nutritional supplements for preventing preeclampsia: A network meta-analysis.
Wang C, You C, Zhang Y
Indian J Med Res · 2026 Jul · PMID 42397815 · Publisher ↗
Research on the effects of different oral nutritional supplements in preventing preeclampsia has yielded controversial results. This network meta-analysis sought to ascertain the effect of diverse oral nutritional supple...
Research on the effects of different oral nutritional supplements in preventing preeclampsia has yielded controversial results. This network meta-analysis sought to ascertain the effect of diverse oral nutritional supplements in preventing preeclampsia. Randomised controlled trials in preventing preeclampsia were searched in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science. The primary outcome was preeclampsia. Secondary outcomes included eclampsia and gestational hypertension. 22 studies were included, with 18133 participants in the intervention group and 17971 in the placebo group. Compared with placebo, L-arginine and vitamin B and vitamin C and vitamin E (L-arginine-VB-VC-VE) [Odds ratio (OR)=0.33, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.20, 0.54)], linoleic-acid-calcium (OR=0.16, 95% CI 0.041, 0.50), vitamin D (VD) (OR=0. 34, 95% CI 0.17, 0.65), and calcium (OR=0.77, 95% CI 0.65, 0.91) were more effective in preventing preeclampsia. The first three nutritional supplements were superior to calcium. There was no difference among these three supplements. None of the four nutritional supplements (calcium, phytonutrient, VC, and VC-VE) were effective in preventing gestational hypertension. Oral calcium, L-arginine-VB-VC-VE, linoleic-acid-calcium, and VD could be effective approaches to prevent preeclampsia.
About
- Frequency
- Sun
- Papers found
- 200
- RSS feed
- Subscribe