The American Journal Of Psychiatry[JOURNAL]

Neuroplasticity-the brain's capacity to modify synaptic strength and connectivity-likely underlies both the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders and the mechanisms through which treatments exert therapeutic effects.... Neuroplasticity-the brain's capacity to modify synaptic strength and connectivity-likely underlies both the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders and the mechanisms through which treatments exert therapeutic effects. Direct assessment of plasticity requires measuring changes in synaptic responses, which remains technically challenging in humans. The most proximal human indicators are behavioral changes reflecting learning and memory, or physiological responses to neurostimulation paradigms that engage cortical circuits. More commonly, plasticity is inferred indirectly through postmortem analyses of neuronal and glial structure or via neuroimaging measures such as functional and structural connectivity. Together, these approaches suggest that altered and potentially reversible plasticity is central to understanding and treating psychiatric illness, but the field needs to be cautious about what is, what could be, and what is not plasticity.

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Comparative Effectiveness Trials and the Quest for Personalized Treatments: The Case of Antipsychotics.

Stroup TS

Am J Psychiatry · 2026 Feb · PMID 41620806 · Publisher ↗

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The Future of : Are Functioning and Quality of Life Essential Elements of a Complete Psychiatric Diagnosis?

Drexler K, Alpert JE, Benton TD … +9 more , Fung KP, Gogtay N, Malaspina D, O'Keefe VM, Oquendo MA, Wainberg ML, Yonkers KA, Yousif L, Clarke DE

Am J Psychiatry · 2026 May · PMID 41593851 · Publisher ↗

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The Future of : A Strategic Vision for Incorporating Socioeconomic, Cultural, and Environmental Determinants and Intersectionality.

Wainberg ML, Alpert JE, Benton TD … +9 more , Clarke DE, Drexler K, Fung KP, Gogtay N, Malaspina D, O'Keefe VM, Oquendo MA, Yonkers KA, Yousif L

Am J Psychiatry · 2026 May · PMID 41593836 · Publisher ↗

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The Future of : A Report From the Structure and Dimensions Subcommittee.

Öngür D, Abi-Dargham A, Clarke DE … +13 more , Compton WM, Cuthbert B, Fung KP, Gogtay N, Kas MJH, Kumar A, Malaspina D, O'Keefe VM, Oquendo MA, Wainberg ML, Yonkers KA, Yousif L, Alpert JE

Am J Psychiatry · 2026 May · PMID 41593835 · Publisher ↗

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Initial Strategy for the Future of .

Oquendo MA, Abi-Dargham A, Alpert JE … +13 more , Benton TD, Clarke DE, Compton WM, Drexler K, Fung KP, Kas MJH, Malaspina D, O'Keefe VM, Öngür D, Wainberg ML, Yonkers KA, Yousif L, Gogtay N

Am J Psychiatry · 2026 May · PMID 41593833 · Publisher ↗

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The Future of : Role of Candidate Biomarkers and Biological Factors.

Cuthbert B, Ajilore O, Alpert JE … +16 more , Clarke DE, Compton WM, Drexler K, Fung KP, Gogtay N, Kas MJH, Kumar A, Malaspina D, O'Keefe VM, Öngür D, Tamminga C, Wainberg ML, Yonkers KA, Yousif L, Abi-Dargham A, Oquendo MA

Am J Psychiatry · 2026 May · PMID 41593830 · Publisher ↗

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Thresholding and Perfusion Considerations in Interpreting Reduced Brain Responsiveness With Escitalopram.

Knudsen LV, Vafaee MS, Michel TM

Am J Psychiatry · 2026 Jan · PMID 41476338 · Publisher ↗

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Potentially Problematic Research Practices in a Study on Ketamine for Pediatric Depression: Response to Plöderl and Moncrieff.

Bloch MH, Dwyer JB

Am J Psychiatry · 2026 Jan · PMID 41476337 · Publisher ↗

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Targeting Inflammation: How Meta-Analysis Can Advance Precision Psychiatry.

Lamers F

Am J Psychiatry · 2026 Jan · PMID 41476336 · Publisher ↗

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To Lump or Not to Lump: Evidence for Impulsivity as a Multidimensional Construct.

Wormington B, Imms P, Derks EM

Am J Psychiatry · 2026 Jan · PMID 41476335 · Publisher ↗

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Neural Efficiency as a Brain-Wide Signature of Pediatric Anxiety and a Biomarker for Treatment Response.

Gotlib IH, Lee Y

Am J Psychiatry · 2026 Jan · PMID 41476334 · Full text

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Thresholding and Perfusion Considerations in Interpreting Reduced Brain Responsiveness With Escitalopram: Response to Knudsen et al.

Wall MB, Demetriou L, Giribaldi B … +5 more , Roseman L, Ertl N, Erritzoe D, Nutt DJ, Carhart-Harris RL

Am J Psychiatry · 2026 Jan · PMID 41476333 · Publisher ↗

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Potentially Problematic Research Practices in a Study on Ketamine for Pediatric Depression.

Plöderl M, Moncrieff J

Am J Psychiatry · 2026 Jan · PMID 41476332 · Publisher ↗

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The Evolving ADHD Phenotype in the Externalizing Context.

Nigg JT

Am J Psychiatry · 2026 Jan · PMID 41476331 · Full text

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a developmental precursor for future conduct and other externalizing problems. Despite its familiarity, research in the past decade suggests that refining the ADHD pheno... Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a developmental precursor for future conduct and other externalizing problems. Despite its familiarity, research in the past decade suggests that refining the ADHD phenotype will yield dividends for clinical prediction and treatment specification as well as mechanistic discovery and theory. ADHD is a useful category, yet it comprises multiple constitutive traits requiring further specification. The field is now poised to shift to a useful integration of novel dimensional traits into a refined ADHD phenotype. This shift will need to recognize the importance of both the established ADHD symptom dimensions and other trait dimensions to create new presentations, types, or specifiers in the nosology. Clinical issues include the role of sluggish, disengaged cognitive style of inattention with hypoactivity. Dispositional traits related to emotional dysregulation will be key as well; these include negative affect and irritability (anger dysregulation). In the cognitive sphere, along with ongoing work on executive functions and reward discounting, new insights related to cognitive information gain or neural gain (a mechanism by which relevant neural connections strengthen during rapid information uptake and decision making) may explain other cognitive findings and relate to dispositional traits and clinical features. Due to its early gateway role, clinical prediction algorithms to evaluate course of ADHD and advisability of intervention will be valuable. A neurodevelopmental, early origins perspective, including early developmental programming in the prenatal period, is increasingly informing etiological understanding of ADHD. Nonclinical trait measures are seen as early precursors of ADHD, and ADHD is then a precursor of more serious externalizing and other complications later. This view opens new opportunities for risk detection and prevention. Clinical prediction algorithms should benefit from inclusion of low-cost, readily deployable trait measures discussed here, including selected temperament and cognition measures, which appear to enhance predictive power.

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The American Journal Of Psychiatry[JOURNAL]

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