Journal Of The Neurological Sciences[JOURNAL]

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Comment on "HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND): Optimal diagnosis, antiviral therapy, pharmacological treatment, management, and future scopes".

Bhise MR, Verma D, Saroj BK

J Neurol Sci · 2026 Aug · PMID 42134214 · Publisher ↗

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Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy in neurological disorders: Emerging applications, evidence, and challenges.

Luo JJ, Wang S, Si X

J Neurol Sci · 2026 Aug · PMID 42134213 · Publisher ↗

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, initially developed for hematologic malignancies, engineers autologous T cells to eliminate pathogenic immune populations and aims to induce durable immune remodeling. Adva... Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, initially developed for hematologic malignancies, engineers autologous T cells to eliminate pathogenic immune populations and aims to induce durable immune remodeling. Advancing understanding of the immunopathogenesis of several neurological disorders, particularly antibody-mediated diseases, has prompted investigation of CAR T-cell therapy beyond oncology. Early clinical studies suggest that CAR T-cell therapy may induce sustained remission in selected antibody-mediated neurological disorders, including myasthenia gravis, multiple sclerosis, and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. However, evidence for immune-mediated neuropathies remains limited and largely theoretical, whereas genetic and metabolic neuromuscular disorders are biologically unsuitable targets. Neurological toxicities, particularly immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome, remain a concern for broader adoption. Ultimately, CAR T-cell therapy represents a paradigm shift from chronic immunosuppression toward immune reconstitution in neurology. Its future role will depend on careful patient selection, strategies to mitigate neurotoxicity, and rigorous neurologist-led clinical trials. This work reviews the biological rationale, emerging clinical evidence, and neurological considerations for CAR T-cell therapy across central and peripheral nervous system disorders. We summarize clinical studies evaluating CAR T-cell therapy in neuroimmunology with an emphasis on feasibility, safety, neurological efficacy, and management of its complications.

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Mortality associated with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy: A systematic literature review.

Li KH, Thakker D, Ba S … +2 more , Hill AA, Ng-Mak D

J Neurol Sci · 2026 Aug · PMID 42134212 · Publisher ↗

BACKGROUND: Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by progressive muscle weakness and atrophy. The onset of FSHD ranges between infancy and adulthood, initially affecting t... BACKGROUND: Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by progressive muscle weakness and atrophy. The onset of FSHD ranges between infancy and adulthood, initially affecting the face, shoulders, and upper arms. Limited evidence exists regarding the disease characteristics and associated mortality. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic literature review was conducted to generate evidence on mortality in FSHD. The Embase and MEDLINE databases were searched via Ovid to identify relevant publications on mortality (from inception to August 20, 2024), excluding editorials, notes, letters, and case reports. Information on studies, participant characteristics, and mortality data were extracted from the included publications. The quality of included cohort studies was appraised using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. RESULTS: Eight studies published between 1979 and 2016 across five countries encompassing 1091 patients with FSHD were assessed; 1.6% patients were included from studies on early-onset FSHD and 98.4% from studies on both early-onset and classical phenotypes. Mortality was reported in 27.8% of patients with early-onset FSHD (mean age at death 18.4 years, range: 15.0-31.0 years) and 7.9% of patients with both phenotypes (mean age at death 62.6 years, range: 11.0-83.3 years). Respiratory or cardiac-related causes of death were reported. CONCLUSION: This review reveals premature mortality and critical knowledge gap regarding life expectancy and survival outcomes in FSHD. Limited data suggest survival implications in both early-onset and all FSHD phenotypes, underscoring the need for prospective longitudinal studies to better characterize the mortality patterns in FSHD, identify risk factors, and inform clinical management strategies.

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Comment on "Ocrelizumab modulates the IL-2 signaling pathway and associated lncRNAs in multiple sclerosis".

Sharma A, Kumar P, Morris S

J Neurol Sci · 2026 Aug · PMID 42134211 · Publisher ↗

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Corrigendum to 'Diagnostic adjudication of potential participants with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy in the ADHERE trial of subcutaneous efgartigimod PH20' [Journal of the Neurological Sciences, 486 (2026) 125918].

Donofrio PD, Gorson KC, Hofman E … +10 more , Karam C, Kira JI, Kostera-Pruszczyk A, Léger JM, Nobile-Orazio E, Attarian S, Markov M, Tse A, De Roeck A, Lewis RA

J Neurol Sci · 2026 Aug · PMID 42128722 · Publisher ↗

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Response to letter to the editor on "Long-term cognitive outcomes and persistent executive dysfunction in LGI1 autoimmune encephalitis".

Shir D, Aizenstein O, Paran Y … +2 more , Alcalay Y, Gadoth A

J Neurol Sci · 2026 Aug · PMID 42127567 · Publisher ↗

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Author response to letter "Clinical implications beyond radiological findings in hypothalamic-pituitary neurosarcoidosis: A commentary".

Hutto SK, Herman M

J Neurol Sci · 2026 Aug · PMID 42127566 · Publisher ↗

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Clinical implications beyond radiological findings in hypothalamic-pituitary neurosarcoidosis: A commentary.

Sökmen O

J Neurol Sci · 2026 Aug · PMID 42115056 · Publisher ↗

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Comment on "predictors of short-term, relapse-independent progression in multiple sclerosis: A machine learning approach based on clinical data and conventional MRI-derived features".

Kumar M, Pandey M, Rao BN

J Neurol Sci · 2026 Aug · PMID 42114315 · Publisher ↗

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Comment on: "Optimal antithrombotic therapy for post-ischemic stroke patients with atrial fibrillation and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: A frequentist network meta-analysis".

Zhou J

J Neurol Sci · 2026 Aug · PMID 42114314 · Publisher ↗

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Persistent Executive Dysfunction Despite Global Cognitive Improvement in LGI1 Autoimmune Encephalitis.

Sökmen O

J Neurol Sci · 2026 Aug · PMID 42114313 · Publisher ↗

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Measurement standardization and physiological context determine the reliability of end-tidal CO₂-assessed stroke outcomes.

Shi JL, Wan M

J Neurol Sci · 2026 Aug · PMID 42114312 · Publisher ↗

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Comment on "profiling mitochondrial DNA indices across whole blood, plasma, and CSF in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis".

Shubham, Mathur A

J Neurol Sci · 2026 Aug · PMID 42114311 · Publisher ↗

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Comment on "the efficacy and safety of intra-arterial tenecteplase after recanalization in ischemic stroke: A systematic review and Meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis and GRADE assessment".

Jain VK, Jain B, Agrawal S

J Neurol Sci · 2026 Aug · PMID 42114310 · Publisher ↗

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Comment on "Radiosensitivity and delayed radiation-induced nucleo-shuttling of the ATM protein in fibroblasts from Duchenne muscular dystrophy expressing residual dystrophin".

Sati DM, Shinde VD, Agarwal C

J Neurol Sci · 2026 Aug · PMID 42107324 · Publisher ↗

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Real-world timing of early anticoagulation therapy in intracerebral hemorrhage patients with atrial fibrillation: An observational study.

Abe T, Nezu T, Aoki S … +23 more , Ishii D, Shimomura R, Okada T, Terasawa Y, Miyazaki T, Hara N, Yamashita H, Matsushige T, Kinoshita N, Ochi K, Kiura Y, Tominaga A, Eto F, Kono T, Nomura E, Hirotsune N, Yamada H, Kitamura T, Kumano K, Ohshita T, Ohba S, Horie N, Maruyama H

J Neurol Sci · 2026 Aug · PMID 42107323 · Publisher ↗

BACKGROUND: The efficacy of anticoagulation therapy in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and concomitant atrial fibrillation (AF) remains controversial. As the decision to resume anticoagulation therapy remain... BACKGROUND: The efficacy of anticoagulation therapy in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and concomitant atrial fibrillation (AF) remains controversial. As the decision to resume anticoagulation therapy remains debated, the optimal timing for resumption has rarely been investigated. This study retrospectively explored the timing of anticoagulation initiation using data from a multicenter registry of eight stroke centers. METHODS: Clinical data of patients with ICH and AF, including the timing of anticoagulant initiation, baseline laboratory findings, prior antithrombotic use, treatment for ICH, and imaging findings (hematoma location, volume, expansion, and cerebral microbleeds), were retrospectively collected. Outcomes included the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores at discharge and after 3 months and a 1-year composite outcome of all-cause death, thromboembolic events, and hemorrhagic events. RESULTS: Among 2066 patients with ICH, 242 (11.7%) had AF. The median time to anticoagulation therapy initiation was 7 days (IQR, 3-14 days). Patients were classified into the early (≤7 days, n = 71), late (>7 days, n = 64), and no resumption (n = 107) groups. The early group showed significantly better mRS scores at discharge and 3 months (p < 0.0001). The composite outcome was more common in the no resumption group. Compared with no resumption, resumption (early or late) was associated with lower 1-year composite outcomes, whereas early versus late resumption showed no significant difference, although resumption was associated with an increase in hemorrhagic events (p = 0.028). CONCLUSIONS: The timing of anticoagulation therapy resumption was not significantly associated with 1-year outcomes. Early resumption may be safe, although long-term bleeding risk warrants caution.

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Predictive value of CHADS-VASc score for long-term outcomes after large vessel occlusion in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation.

Ohara N, Todo K, Uchida K … +7 more , Yamagami H, Sakai N, Gon Y, Sasaki T, Yoshimura S, Morimoto T, Mochizuki H

J Neurol Sci · 2026 Aug · PMID 42105615 · Publisher ↗

BACKGROUND: The CHADS-VASc score assesses the stroke risk in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). This study determined the predictive value of the CHADS-VASc score for long-term outcomes after acute ischemic stroke (... BACKGROUND: The CHADS-VASc score assesses the stroke risk in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). This study determined the predictive value of the CHADS-VASc score for long-term outcomes after acute ischemic stroke (AIS) with large vessel occlusion (LVO) in patients with AF. METHODS: Patients with AF who were started on oral anticoagulant apixaban within 14 days of the onset of AIS due to LVO from a multicenter prospective observational study were included. They were divided into three groups based on the pre-stroke CHADS-VASc score (0-1, 2-3, and ≥ 4) and were compared for poor outcomes (modified Rankin Scale 3-6) at 90 and 365 days, ischemic events, major bleeding events, death from any cause, and the composite of these outcomes within 365 days of apixaban administration. RESULTS: The analysis included 632 patients (mean age 77.4 years, 48.1% female; median CHADS-VASc score, 3). Higher CHADS-VASc scores were associated with worse one-year outcome (p for trend<0.0001) and higher composite endpoint incidence (p for trend = 0.003). The multivariable analysis showed that compared with patients with CHADS-VASc scores of 0-1, those with CHADS-VASc scores of 2-3 and ≥ 4 had odds ratios 2.4 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.31-4.47, p = 0.005) and 3.4 (95% CI 1.71-6.81, p < 0.001), respectively, for one-year outcomes and hazard ratios of 1.7 (95% CI 0.80-3.43, p = 0.178) and 2.1 (95% CI 0.98-4.68, p = 0.055), respectively, for composite endpoints. CONCLUSION: The CHADS-VASc score is useful in predicting long-term functional outcomes after LVO in patients with AF.

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Causal inference issues in the network meta-analysis of post-stroke antithrombotic strategies.

Gong P, Liu Y, Zou Y

J Neurol Sci · 2026 Aug · PMID 42105614 · Publisher ↗

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Reply to the Letter of Editor addressed by D.M. Sati et al., about our article entitled "Radiosensitivity and Delayed Radiation-Induced Nucleo-shuttling of the ATM Protein in Fibroblasts from Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Expressing Residual Dystrophin".

Foray N, Bourguignon M

J Neurol Sci · 2026 Aug · PMID 42102643 · Publisher ↗

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Reply to letter to the editor regarding "Optimal antithrombotic therapy for post-ischemic stroke patients with atrial fibrillation and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: A frequentist network meta-analysis".

Ibrahim A, Balbaa E, Awashra A … +5 more , Shubietah A, Cavolina G, Villari A, Andò G, Sabouret P

J Neurol Sci · 2026 Aug · PMID 42102642 · Publisher ↗

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Journal Of The Neurological Sciences[JOURNAL]

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