Journal Of The Neurological Sciences[JOURNAL]

Belgrado E, Tuniz F, Piccolo D … +10 more , Bagatto D, De Colle C, D'Agostini S, Fabris M, Cifù A, Gigli GL, Merlino G, Vindigni M, Valente M, Tereshko Y

J Neurol Sci · 2026 Jun · PMID 41904055 · Publisher ↗

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Clinical utility of blood neurofilament light chain (bNfL); a comment.

Sharifi R, Alavi A, Darabi A

J Neurol Sci · 2026 Jun · PMID 41903507 · Publisher ↗

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Stroke preventive strategies and long-term cognitive function: A population-based study.

Chang W, Obaid M, Wolfe CDA … +5 more , Marshall I, Hbid Y, Bhalla A, O'Connell MD, Douiri A

J Neurol Sci · 2026 Jun · PMID 41903506 · Publisher ↗

OBJECTIVES: Limited data exist on the impact of secondary stroke prevention and on cognitive function after stroke. This study aims to investigate whether post-stroke care strategies protect cognitive function up to ten-... OBJECTIVES: Limited data exist on the impact of secondary stroke prevention and on cognitive function after stroke. This study aims to investigate whether post-stroke care strategies protect cognitive function up to ten-year. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data were collected between 1995 and 2018 from the population-based South London Stroke Register (SLSR, n = 6504). Multivariable Poisson regression models with robust standard errors and confounders were constructed to evaluate adjusted relative risks (aRRs) between cognitive impairment and different treatment strategies; before, at acute care or after stroke. Use multiple imputation to manage the missing data. RESULTS: The prevalence of cognitive impairment was 29% (confidence interval (CI) 26-32). 5-years after stroke, in ischemic stroke patients with a history of atrial fibrillation (AF), there was a reduced risk of cognitive impairment of 50% associated with antihypertensive (aRR:0.5, 0.27-0.91), 77% with statin (aRR:0.23, 0.06-0.91) and 82% with anticoagulant (aRR:0.18, CI 0.05-0.64). In ischemic stroke patients with no history of AF, the reduced risk was 26% (aRR:0.74, 0.57-0.95) with antihypertensive and 19% (aRR:0.81, 0.64-1.03) with statin. All these protective associations tend to diminish over time up to ten years after stroke. When clinically indicated, a combined treatment of these were strongly associated with a reduced risk of cognitive impairment. Small risk reduction was observed between cognitive impairment and acute stroke unit admission (aRR:0.96, 0.93-0.98). CONCLUSIONS: Consistent use of combined treatments is associated with better cognitive function up to 10 years post-stroke. These findings suggest that optimizing medication management could help reduce the risk of long-term cognitive decline.

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Association of biological age markers with stroke prevalence: Methodological considerations and future directions.

Bao Y, Peng J

J Neurol Sci · 2026 Jun · PMID 41896098 · Publisher ↗

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Toward a disease-specific framework for preventive neurology.

Jesudason D, Thayabaranathan T, Gnanenthiran S

J Neurol Sci · 2026 Jun · PMID 41894919 · Publisher ↗

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Response to the letter of the editor on "association of symptoms of neuropsychological long COVID with imaging and plasma biomarkers".

Nakase T

J Neurol Sci · 2026 Jun · PMID 41881896 · Publisher ↗

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Comment on "Safety and efficacy of vigabatrin add on compared to placebo in Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LennoVig): A single center randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial".

Mantry S, Das PK, Pradhan S

J Neurol Sci · 2026 Jun · PMID 41864166 · Publisher ↗

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Comment on "CSF and plasma GFAP and VEGF in adult type 3 spinal muscular atrophy patients treated with nusinersen".

Adhyapak SU, Upadhyay AK, Prasad Reddy SRV

J Neurol Sci · 2026 Jun · PMID 41864165 · Publisher ↗

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Fronto-medial theta instability error signal correlates with postural sway in Parkinson's disease and progressive supranuclear palsy.

Lloyd R, O'Keeffe C, Inocentes J … +8 more , Gallagher A, Duggan J, Purcell R, Magennis B, Walsh R, Lynch T, Reilly RB, Fearon C

J Neurol Sci · 2026 Jun · PMID 41864164 · Publisher ↗

BACKGROUND: Postural instability is a common feature in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD). Understanding the neural mechanisms behind the loss of postural stability may aid iden... BACKGROUND: Postural instability is a common feature in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD). Understanding the neural mechanisms behind the loss of postural stability may aid identification of patients at an increased risk of falls. OBJECTIVES: To examine differences in postural sway between PSP and PD cohorts during dual-task assessment with electroencephalography (EEG) recording to identify neural mechanisms associated with postural control in Parkinsonism patients. METHODS: We assessed static postural stability in healthy controls (HC; n = 15), people with PD (n = 18), and people with PSP (n = 9), during the following conditions: Eyes open, eyes closed and during cognitive tasks. EEG data were simultaneously recorded using a 24-channel electrode array. The groups were matched for age, sex and disease duration. RESULTS: The PSP cohort demonstrated greater executive dysfunction during cognitive task (p ≤ 0.01). PD and PSP groups exhibited greater instability during different postural task conditions compared to the control group; however, no significant differences were found between PD and PSP groups. The PSP group exhibited a significant reduction in fronto-medial theta power compared to the PD group (p < 0.03). A negative correlation was observed between fronto-medial theta and measures of postural sway for Parkinsonism cohorts (p < 0.05 for all). CONCLUSION: Increased fronto-medial theta activity, which has been shown to reflect anterior cingulate cortex generated 'error signals' when stability is challenged, is associated with postural stability in PD and PSP. The differences in this 'error signal' in PD and PSP possibly reflect differing abilities to compensate for challenges in stability.

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Dural arteriovenous fistula in transient global amnesia: Why further reporting matters.

João RB, Filgueiras RM

J Neurol Sci · 2026 Jun · PMID 41863184 · Publisher ↗

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Comment on: "Clinical safety of ultra-high-dose methylcobalamin in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Open-label extension of a phase 2/3 randomized controlled study".

Wang R, Chen W

J Neurol Sci · 2026 May · PMID 41856848 · Publisher ↗

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Modeling inter-slice dependencies with temporal graph learning for Alzheimer's disease.

Akan T, Bhuiyand MS, Conrad SA … +2 more , Vanchiere JA, Bhuiyan MAN

J Neurol Sci · 2026 Jun · PMID 41855851 · Publisher ↗

Accurate and early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains a major clinical challenge, particularly in distinguishing mild cognitive impairment (MCI) from cognitively normal (CN) aging. Conventional approaches that... Accurate and early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains a major clinical challenge, particularly in distinguishing mild cognitive impairment (MCI) from cognitively normal (CN) aging. Conventional approaches that rely solely on pre-trained 2D models often fail to capture the full spatial context of three-dimensional MRI volumes, as well as the temporal dependencies that exist across consecutive slices. In this study, we propose TGL-AD, a novel framework that integrates Vision Transformer (ViT) slice embeddings with temporal graph learning for subject-level AD classification. Standardized 3D MRI volumes were decomposed into 2D slices, encoded by a pre-trained ViT to generate 768-dimensional feature embeddings, and subsequently modeled as temporal graphs to preserve inter-slice continuity. Contextual information was transmitted across slices by graph neural networks (GNNs), and subject-level representations were generated for the final classification through global pooling. On the ADNI1 dataset, TGL-AD achieved an overall accuracy of 0.92 on the Complete 1Yr 1.5 T cohort and 0.98 on the Complete 3Yr 3 T cohort. For all diagnostic categories (AD, MCI, and CN), precision, recall, and F1-scores stayed consistently high across both groups. The macro-averaged and weighted-averaged F1-scores for the 1.5 T and 3 T data were 0.92 and 0.98, respectively. A comparative assessment against leading-edge architectures further confirms that TGL-AD surpasses CNN-based and transformer-based sequential baselines, attaining the highest recall (0.93 for 1.5 T and 0.98 for 3 T) and F1-score (0.92 for 1.5 T and 0.98 for 3 T). These findings show that the integration of transformer-based slice encoders and temporal graph modeling efficiently captures inter-slice dependencies and enhances classification performance across different acquisition settings.

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Letter regarding impact of corticosteroid use on comorbidities in patients with myasthenia gravis in the US National Veterans Affairs Health Network.

Goraghani AS, Abasi A

J Neurol Sci · 2026 Jun · PMID 41843997 · Publisher ↗

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Evidence for compromised function of the glymphatic system in pediatric acquired demyelinating disorders.

Ontiveros F, Mattson WI, Wilson CS … +6 more , Poisson KE, Hoskinson KR, McAllister AS, Webb AI, Douma A, Nelson EE

J Neurol Sci · 2026 Jun · PMID 41833130 · Publisher ↗

Impairments in the glymphatic system (GS) have been found in adults with acquired demyelinating syndromes (ADS), suggesting disruptions to the brain's waste clearance system may contribute to disease symptoms. However, t... Impairments in the glymphatic system (GS) have been found in adults with acquired demyelinating syndromes (ADS), suggesting disruptions to the brain's waste clearance system may contribute to disease symptoms. However, this system has not been well characterized in pediatric ADS (PADS) populations. In the present study, we assessed the GS function in 15 children with PADS using the recently developed diffusion tensor along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) method. DTI-ALPS was also assessed in a group of healthy comparison (HC) subjects and in a subset of patients six months after relapse. Significant reductions in DTI-ALPS index, reflective of disrupted GS function, were found in both left and right in the PADS group relative to HC group (ps < 0.01). ALPS indices were not associated with neurocognitive screening results (ps > 0.12). Additionally, in seven of the eight participants with PADS for whom follow-up data were available, the ALPS index increased at follow-up- though this was not significant at a group level (ps = 0.06-0.13). Lastly, we found no significant relationships between ALPS index and lesion or white matter metrics, suggesting DTI-ALPS may be independent. Our results show pediatric patients with demyelinating disorders have a lower ALPS index, as has been demonstrated in adults. These findings suggest ALPS could be an additional index of disease expression. Larger studies are needed to replicate these findings.

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Response to "Comment on 'efficacy of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in idiopathic intracranial hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis'".

Ahmed W, Gandhi OH, Choudhri O

J Neurol Sci · 2026 Jun · PMID 41833129 · Publisher ↗

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Journal Of The Neurological Sciences[JOURNAL]

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