Social Psychiatry And Psychiatric Epidemiology[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
The central role of negative emotional states, rejection sensitivity and negative self-beliefs in a complex non-clinical paranoia network model.
Bagrowska P, Nelson B, Gawęda Ł
Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol · 2026 Feb · PMID 40696199 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: Existing theoretical models suggest that paranoid thoughts develop against the background of increased interpersonal sensitivity, thus heightening feelings of vulnerability, social evaluative concerns, and fears...
PURPOSE: Existing theoretical models suggest that paranoid thoughts develop against the background of increased interpersonal sensitivity, thus heightening feelings of vulnerability, social evaluative concerns, and fears of social rejection. However, the complex interrelatedness among the risk factors contributing to the development of paranoid thoughts remains poorly understood. METHODS: A total of 1019 adults from the non-clinical population participated in a study that employed anetwork approach to explore the complex interactions between paranoid thoughts and severalrisk factors, including traumatic childhood experiences, sleep quality, rejection sensitivity, negative self-views, negative emotional states, and aberrant salience. RESULTS: The results revealed that negative emotional states, mainly stress and anxiety, low self-esteem, negative body image, increased rejection sensitivity, and emotional neglect in childhood werethe most central nodes in the network. Furthermore, aside from the experience of emotionalneglect, these variables were also identified as the strongest bridge factors within the network. CONCLUSION: The findings offer new insights into the risk factors associated with the development ofparanoid thoughts, suggesting potential triggers that could propagate other symptoms withinthe paranoia network. The results indicate that interventions targeting self-esteem, negativebody image, anxiety, and rejection sensitivity may prevent the progression of paranoidthoughts into more severe forms.
Trends in depressive symptoms in Germany's adult population 2008-2023.
Walther L, Junker S, Rattay P … +3 more , Kuhnert R, Hölling H, Mauz E
Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol · 2026 Mar · PMID 40696198 · Full text
PURPOSE: The present study examines trends in the prevalence of depressive symptoms among adults in Germany between 2008 and 2023 within the framework of mental health surveillance. METHODS: We used survey data from seve...
PURPOSE: The present study examines trends in the prevalence of depressive symptoms among adults in Germany between 2008 and 2023 within the framework of mental health surveillance. METHODS: We used survey data from seven observation periods from a total of N = 74,096 randomly sampled participants aged 18-79 living in Germany. Symptoms of depression were measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-8. Time series consisting of prevalence estimates were calculated, also for subgroups by sex, age and education. Developments in the more severe symptom range and in individual symptoms were also examined. Joinpoint regression and logistic regressions including linear splines were used to assess trends. RESULTS: Depressive symptom prevalence rose 2008-2023, with stagnation 2008-2020 followed by an increasing trend 2020-2023. While 7.5% of adults were at or above screening cutoff in 2020, 14.8% were affected in 2023. This development was found across subgroups. Both moderate and more severe symptoms increased, with a particular rise in severe symptoms among males. A clearly increasing trajectory was found across symptoms, although developments in low self-worth/guilt were less clear. Depressive symptoms were generally more prevalent among females than males, the youngest than the eldest adults and those with lower educational attainment. Young females and males with low educational attainment were particularly affected in the final observation period. CONCLUSIONS: The observed increases in depressive symptoms among adults in Germany in times of multiple collective crises call for efforts to promote and protect mental health as well as for continued observation.
Exploring gender disparities in the relationship between food insecurity and depression among older adults in India.
Selvamani Y, Perianayagam A, Fong JH … +1 more , Khanal G
Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol · 2026 Jun · PMID 40696197 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: Food insecurity is a significant global issue impacting public health and human rights, affecting millions worldwide. Older population in India are vulnerable to food insecurity due to age-related changes in soc...
PURPOSE: Food insecurity is a significant global issue impacting public health and human rights, affecting millions worldwide. Older population in India are vulnerable to food insecurity due to age-related changes in socioeconomic status and insecurity. This study explores gender differences in the association between food insecurity and depression among older adults in India aged 50 and above. METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis was performed using data from the first wave of the WHO's Study on Global AGEing and Adult Health (SAGE). Multivariable logistic regression was employed to assess the influence of gender on the relationship between food insecurity and depression. Additionally, the study explored how gender, marital status, and food insecurity interact in relation to depression. RESULTS: The study found an overall depression prevalence of 19% in the population. Among men, the prevalence was 22.6% and 21.2% while among women, it was 26.4% and 38.9% among individuals reporting moderate and severe food insecurity, respectively. Regression analysis revealed a significant association between food insecurity and depression in women, with older women experiencing moderate (OR = 1.60, p < 0.001) and severe food insecurity (OR = 2.23, p < 0.001) being more likely to be diagnosed with depression. Additionally, older widowed adults facing severe food insecurity had an increased likelihood of depression (OR = 2.18, p < 0.001) and the association is statistically significant among women (OR = 1.79, p < 0.010). CONCLUSION: The study highlights pronounced gender disparities in the relationship between food insecurity and depression. Therefore, it is crucial for public policy initiatives to prioritize the needs of women.
Mental health problems in children and young people in Dutch general practice: trends in incidence and consultation rates from 2016 to 2022.
Hart VR', Koet LBM, Schouten BWV … +3 more , Velek P, Bindels PJE, Gerger H
Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol · 2026 Jan · PMID 40681730 · Full text
PURPOSE: In recent decades, the prevalence of mental health problems among children and young people (CYP) has increased. It is unclear whether this increase in prevalence has also led to changes in health care utilizati...
PURPOSE: In recent decades, the prevalence of mental health problems among children and young people (CYP) has increased. It is unclear whether this increase in prevalence has also led to changes in health care utilization for these problems in general practice (GP). We therefore investigated time trends in incidence and consultation rates for eight mental health problems in CYP in Dutch general practice. METHODS: We conducted a longitudinal population-based study using a GP-database (Rijnmond Primary Care Database) between 2016 and 2022. We extracted monthly data on mental health problems in CYP (0-24 years) in general practice. Using negative binomial models, we calculated trends for GP-registered incidence and consultation rates for different age and sex categories for the complete study period and for the period before the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS: Consultation rates of all eight mental health problems increased significantly over time. Additionally, incidence rates for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and depressive problems in both sexes, and anxiety problems in females increased significantly. Although we observed a decrease in incidence and consultations in the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic, overall trends did not differ from pre-pandemic trends. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest an increasing workload for GPs for mental health problems in CYP. These observations imply the need for policymakers and GP-councils to develop new strategies which deal with these trends to ensure appropriate support and resources in the future.
Symptom-specific intervention targets for depression and anxiety among older adults by physical multimorbidity patterns: a simulation-based network analysis.
Wang X, Zhou W, Liu Q … +4 more , Yu J, Li Y, Chen H, Wang C
Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol · 2026 Jun · PMID 40670737 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the network structure of depressive anxiety symptoms among Chinese community-dwelling older adults with physical multimorbidity and to identify specific symptom targets for pre...
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the network structure of depressive anxiety symptoms among Chinese community-dwelling older adults with physical multimorbidity and to identify specific symptom targets for preventive and treatment interventions aimed at aggravating and alleviating symptoms by patterns of physical multimorbidity. METHODS: Using data from the 2017/2018 wave of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey, latent class analysis (LCA) was conducted to identify physical multimorbidity patterns. Then, the NoeIdentifyR algorithm (NIRA) was employed to assess aggravating and alleviating specific symptoms by physical multimorbidity patterns. RESULTS: The study encompassed 4859 older adults with physical multimorbidity, and identified 4 patterns of physical multimorbidity (multisystem disease, gastrointestinal-musculoskeletal-urogenital disease, minimal disease, and cardiometabolic disease). GAD4 (trouble relaxing) served as the common aggravating symptom for the multisystem disease, minimal disease, and cardiometabolic disease groups, but GAD2 (uncontrollable worry) for the gastrointestinal-musculoskeletal-urogenital disease group. CESD5 (hopeful about the future) served as the common alleviating symptom for gastrointestinal-musculoskeletal-urogenital disease, minimal disease, and cardiometabolic disease groups, but CESD4 (everything was an effort) as the unique alleviating symptom for the multisystem disease group. CONCLUSIONS: Aggravating and alleviating symptoms within the depressive-anxiety network differ by patterns of physical multimorbidity, which may imply that preventive and treatment targets should be tailored to patterns by physical multimorbidity for enhancing overall mental health among older adults.
Tracing trauma: a longitudinal study on PTSD, traumatic incidents, and social support among Icelandic adults.
Jónsdóttir EK, Valborgarsson A, Ásgeirsdóttir BB … +1 more , Sigurvinsdottir R
Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol · 2026 Jan · PMID 40670736 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: To longitudinally assess traumatic experiences, new trauma incidences, symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and social support, as well as how these variables are interconnected over time. METHOD:...
PURPOSE: To longitudinally assess traumatic experiences, new trauma incidences, symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and social support, as well as how these variables are interconnected over time. METHOD: The results are based on a three-wave longitudinal survey (from 2019 to 2022) including a random sample of Icelandic adults. Of 1766 respondents, 1528 had experienced a traumatic event and were included in the analysis. Of those, 1029 responded at wave 2 and 596 at wave 3. RESULTS: The new incidence rate of exposure to traumatic events was high, with 52.1% of participants reporting at least one new trauma type in the first year and 39.6% in the second year. There were no demographic differences in lifetime traumatic experiences or new incidence rates. However, being younger, female, and less educated was associated with a higher PTSD symptoms severity score. Prior trauma history increased the likelihood of experiencing a new traumatic event, especially within one year of the previous incident. Furthermore, additional trauma types were associated with greater PTSD severity. Finally, while social support was predictive of lower PTSD severity, the results also suggest that interpersonal problems related to PTSD symptoms could undermine available support. CONCLUSIONS: These findings emphasize the complex interplay between trauma, PTSD, and social support. Interventions should focus on both mitigating the immediate impact of trauma and addressing its cumulative effects. Strengthening support networks and tailored interventions for those with PTSD could significantly alleviate the lasting impact of traumatic experiences on mental health.
Health morbidities in carers with experience of domestic violence and abuse.
Wildman EK, Dickson H, MacManus D … +3 more , McManus S, Kuipers E, Onwumere J
Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol · 2025 Jul · PMID 40668256 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: The poor health of unpaid carers is well-documented. Evidence also highlights that carers can experience high levels of domestic violence and abuse (DVA). However, links between DVA victimisation and health o...
BACKGROUND: The poor health of unpaid carers is well-documented. Evidence also highlights that carers can experience high levels of domestic violence and abuse (DVA). However, links between DVA victimisation and health outcomes in carers remains largely overlooked. We examined DVA prevalence in carers and non-carers, and the relationship between carers' DVA experience and health morbidities. METHODS: We analysed data from a general population probability sample survey of 6,971 adults (aged ≥ 16 years) in England. Multivariable logistic regression models examined associations between caregiving, DVA experience, and mental and physical health morbidities (i.e., common mental disorders (CMD), probable post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), harmful alcohol use and chronic physical health conditions), adjusting for demographic and socioeconomic factors. RESULTS: One person in five reported caring responsibilities. Caring was associated with higher odds of CMD and chronic physical health conditions. One in three carers reported experiencing DVA in adulthood, and carers were more likely to be victims of DVA than non-carers. In carers who experienced DVA, compared to carers reporting no DVA, adjusted odds of CMD (aOR 2.88, 95% CI 2.11-3.95); probable PTSD (aOR 5.67, 95% CI 3.12-10.30); hazardous alcohol use (aOR 1.53, 95% CI 1.09-2.15) and chronic physical health conditions (aOR 1.53, 95% CI 1.14-2.06), were significantly higher. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of DVA victimisation among carers and the associated vulnerability to poorer health outcomes were highlighted. The need for greater awareness and identification of carers' risk of DVA, and better provision of support for the negative health consequences are emphasised.
Development and evaluation of a mental health recovery priority measure for cross-cultural research: global INSPIRE.
Kotera Y, Hara A, Newby C … +8 more , Miyamoto Y, Ozaki A, Ali Y, Clinton P, Felix S, John C, Inta N, Slade M
Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol · 2025 Nov · PMID 40665015 · Full text
PURPOSE: This study developed and evaluated a new personal recovery scale—Global INSPIRE—in English and Japanese, and compared responses between Japan and the UK. Personal recovery—living a satisfying and meaningful life...
PURPOSE: This study developed and evaluated a new personal recovery scale—Global INSPIRE—in English and Japanese, and compared responses between Japan and the UK. Personal recovery—living a satisfying and meaningful life despite mental health challenges—has gained attention in mental health. The widely-used CHIME framework identifies five recovery processes: Connectedness, Hope, Identity, Meaning, and Empowerment. Full INSPIRE evaluates whether service users feel supported in each CHIME process. However, emerging cross-cultural evidence indicates differences in the priority placed on each CHIME domain. No tool exists to assess recovery priorities, hindering cross-cultural research. METHODS: The 20-item self-completed Global INSPIRE was adapted from the Full INSPIRE to assess recovery priorities of both service users and non-service users. Participants in the UK (n = 512) and Japan (n = 507) completed the Global INSPIRE at baseline and two-week follow-up. Psychometric properties were evaluated, including reliability, test-retest stability, and discriminant validity with two established recovery scales—CORE-10 and QPR-15. Cross-national differences in recovery priorities were also examined. RESULTS: Both versions showed excellent reliability (α = 0.91 UK; 0.97 Japan), test-retest stability (4/5 processes UK, 5/5 Japan), and acceptable model fit (CFI = 0.80 UK; 0.85 Japan). Measurement invariance supported configural (CFI = 0.89) and metric invariance (CFI = 0.89) but not scalar invariance (CFI = 0.83). Discriminant validity was supported by weak correlations with CORE-10 and QPR-15. UK participants prioritised Hope, Meaning, and Empowerment, while Japanese participants prioritised Identity. CONCLUSION: Global INSPIRE is a reliable and culturally adaptable tool for assessing distinct recovery priorities. Future research should explore demographic differences and expand testing across diverse cultural contexts.
Social adversity and loneliness in first episode psychosis.
Botello R, Gandhi A, Grunfeld G … +4 more , Wagner NJ, Oh H, Mueser KT, Fulford D
Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol · 2025 Dec · PMID 40646290 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: Social adversity-including poverty, trauma, and other adverse life experiences-is associated with higher risk of psychosis and poorer outcomes in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Loneliness, the subjective expe...
PURPOSE: Social adversity-including poverty, trauma, and other adverse life experiences-is associated with higher risk of psychosis and poorer outcomes in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Loneliness, the subjective experience of social disconnection, is also prevalent among people with psychosis; however, the extent to which social adversity contributes to loneliness in people with psychosis is relatively unknown. METHODS: In the current study, we developed a measurement model of social adversity and assessed associations with loneliness in 404 participants with First Episode Psychosis (FEP) enrolled in the Recovery After an Initial Schizophrenia Episode-Early Treatment Program. Loneliness was measured using five self-report items (e.g., "I often feel lonely because I have few close friends with whom to share my concerns."). We created a latent variable of social adversity that included trauma history (number of reported traumatic experiences), parental education, homelessness, contact with law enforcement, and deferral/food stamp receipt. We first evaluated our measurement model of social adversity, then estimated a path model of its relationship with loneliness, accounting for age, diagnosis, gender, and degree of recent social involvement. Models were fit at both baseline and six-month timepoints. RESULTS: The measurement model of social adversity had acceptable fit, with adequate item loadings. At baseline, greater social adversity was associated with limited social involvement and higher self-reported loneliness, though the latter association was not statistically significant. At six months, greater social adversity was associated with significantly greater loneliness. CONCLUSION: Social adversity may be an important contributor to loneliness in FEP. Such adversity could contribute to feelings of social disconnection by way of either limited opportunities for meaningful social contact, or perceived discrimination/stigma. Psychosocial treatment of FEP should incorporate an understanding of the impact of social adversity on important outcomes in this population.
Different facets of religiosity and their longitudinal associations with psychotic-like experiences in the general population.
Misiak B, Maciaszek J
Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol · 2026 Feb · PMID 40629155 · Full text
PURPOSE: Religiosity manifests in a variety of behaviors and activities that can be divided into intrinsic (IR), extrinsic organizational (EORG), and extrinsic non-organizational religiosity (ENORG). It has been shown th...
PURPOSE: Religiosity manifests in a variety of behaviors and activities that can be divided into intrinsic (IR), extrinsic organizational (EORG), and extrinsic non-organizational religiosity (ENORG). It has been shown that religiosity might be associated with the occurrence of psychotic-like experiences (PLEs). However, the understanding of this association might be limited due to a lack of longitudinal studies addressing the effects of various religiosity types on the occurrence of PLEs. The present study aimed to explore the longitudinal associations of religiosity dimensions with PLEs. METHODS: A total of 5,099 general population individuals (aged 44.9 ± 15.4 years, 52.2% women) were assessed at baseline and reinvited for the follow-up assessment after 6- 7 months. Religiosity and PLEs were assessed using the Duke University Religion Index and Prodromal Questionnaire- Brief, respectively. RESULTS: Individuals who completed assessments at both timepoints (n = 3,275) and non-completers (n = 1,824) did not differ significantly with respect to baseline characteristics. After adjustment for covariates (age, gender, the level of education, employment status, place of residence, social network size, substance use, psychiatric treatment history, depressive and anxiety symptoms), IR was bidirectionally associated with PLEs and related distress. Moreover, PLEs, together with associated distress, predicted higher levels of ENORG, but not its changes over time. However, observed associations showed small effect size estimates, especially in the case of ENORG. No significant associations were found for EORG. CONCLUSION: Findings from the study indicate complex and rather bidirectional associations of more intimate dimensions of religiosity with PLEs.
The association of witnessing violence with alcohol and cannabis expectancies among Black, Latinx, and White youth: considering neighborhood context.
Sartor CE, Kennelly N, Powell MZ … +3 more , Chung T, Latendresse SJ, McCutcheon VV
Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol · 2025 Nov · PMID 40603722 · Full text
PURPOSE: To identify associations of past-year witnessing violence with expectancies (anticipated effects) for alcohol and cannabis use in Black, Latinx, and White youth, including possible variations by level of neighbo...
PURPOSE: To identify associations of past-year witnessing violence with expectancies (anticipated effects) for alcohol and cannabis use in Black, Latinx, and White youth, including possible variations by level of neighborhood advantage and/or race/ethnicity. METHODS: Data were drawn from Follow-up 3 of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study (n=7,332; weighted distributions: 45.53% girl, 52.33% boy, 2.14% other gender; 11.80% Black, 25.13% Latinx, 63.07% White; weighted mean age=12.94 [SE=0.01]). Positive and negative expectancies were measured using the AEQ-AB for alcohol and the MEEQ-B for cannabis. Neighborhood disadvantage was captured via the Area Deprivation Index (ADI) and analyzed as quartiles. General linear models were fitted to data for each of the four expectancies scores, adjusting for socioeconomic status indicators and testing for witnessing violence by race/ethnicity interactions. Quartile-specific regression coefficients were produced. RESULTS: Witnessing violence was most prevalent in the highest (most disadvantaged) ADI quartile. Across quartiles, positive alcohol expectancies (βs:0.12-0.26) and positive cannabis expectancies (βs:0.20-0.38) were elevated in youth who witnessed violence; associations were weakest in the lowest quartile. Associations with negative expectancies were non-significant for alcohol and lower only in the second highest quartile for cannabis. All race/ethnicity interactions were non-significant. CONCLUSIONS: Risk conferred by witnessing violence manifests early in the development of alcohol and cannabis use, shaping anticipated positive effects even before many youth initiate use. In addition to lower exposure, residing in an advantaged neighborhood may modestly mitigate risk associated with witnessing violence for developing positive expectancies, underscoring the importance of intervening early with youth in disadvantaged neighborhoods.
Social inequality in mental disorder diagnoses and psychotropic medication use among 15-year-old adolescents in Denmark from 2002-2022.
Sørensen CLB, Plana-Ripoll O, Bültmann U … +3 more , Winding TN, Steen PB, Biering K
Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol · 2026 Jan · PMID 40603721 · Full text
PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to examine if the social inequality in adolescent mental health has changed in the past decades (2002-2022) by studying the associations between socioeconomic status (SES) and mental hea...
PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to examine if the social inequality in adolescent mental health has changed in the past decades (2002-2022) by studying the associations between socioeconomic status (SES) and mental health measures in 15-year-old adolescents. METHODS: This study is a register-based study consisting of seven cross-sectional analyses of associations between adolescents' SES, defined as family income and parents' educational level, and mental health, defined as mental disorder diagnosis and medication use. The population consists of all registered residents in Denmark who turned 15 years in the years 2002-2022. All data was obtained from Danish population-based registers. The prevalence of mental health measures was calculated, and the associations between SES and mental health were analysed with log-binomial regression. RESULTS: The prevalence of mental disorder diagnoses and medication use of adolescents increased during the past two decades. Associations between SES and mental health were found between all measures during the period, however, a trend toward decreasing associations for low-SES groups and stable odds ratios for high-SES groups compared to the middle-SES were observed. Diagnosis-specific analyses-including eight diagnostic categories-revealed divergent trends, such as increasing associations for SES and substance use disorders and decreasing associations for SES and mood disorders. CONCLUSION: This study highlights persistent but evolving social inequalities in adolescent mental health in Denmark from 2002 to 2022. While the prevalence of mental health diagnoses increased, changes in inequality patterns were diagnosis-specific, suggesting that broader societal trends may influence types of mental disorders differently.
Associations between widowhood status/duration, depression, and cognitive function among community-dwelling Indians age 60 years or older: Exploration of sex and residential factors.
Muhammad T, Mu CX, Srivastava S … +4 more , Joseph VJK, Drishti D, Ali W, Zanwar PP
Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol · 2025 Oct · PMID 40579574 · Full text
BACKGROUND: The death of a spouse is considered one of the most life challenging stressors. Widowhood has a profound influence on health and may increase the risk of depression and poorer cognitive function. Discriminato...
BACKGROUND: The death of a spouse is considered one of the most life challenging stressors. Widowhood has a profound influence on health and may increase the risk of depression and poorer cognitive function. Discriminatory practices in India, such as taboos against remarrying, a lack of occupational opportunities, and social support, may lead to differential widowhood experiences, especially among women. This study examined the associations between widowhood status/duration, depression and cognitive function among community-dwelling men and women in India. Considering the unique cultural and societal context in India, this study also sought to examine differences by sex, rural/urban residence, and multigenerational living status. METHODS: We used baseline data from the Longitudinal Aging Study in India. Data were collected between 2017 and 2019. The study sample consisted of 14,691 men and 15,948 women age ≥ 60 years. Depression was measured using the Short Form Composite International Diagnostic Interview and global cognitive functioning was measured using an assessment adapted from the Mini-Mental State Examination and the cognitive module of the United States Health and Retirement Study, and its sister studies. We employed adjusted multivariable logistic and linear regression models to examine the association of widowhood status/duration with the risk of depression, and cognitive function. RESULTS: Compared to currently married, those widowed within 0-9 years had a higher risk of depression (Men: aOR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.20, 2.27; Women: aOR = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.25, 1.98) and worse cognitive functioning (Men: B = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.30, 1.30; Women: B = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.20, 0.91). Among those widowed within 0-9 years, men had a slightly greater risk of worse cognitive functioning than women. As widowhood duration increased, the association between widowhood and worse cognitive functioning was no longer significant among men but remained significant among women. Analyses stratified by rural/urban residence and multigenerational living status and their interactions with widowhood status/duration revealed similar trends. However, the associations between widowhood status/duration and worse cognitive function were more pronounced among women in non-multigenerational households (interaction p <.05). CONCLUSIONS: Older adults who were widowed within 0-9 years had a higher risk of depression and worse cognitive functioning. The adverse effects of widowhood on cognition were no longer significant among men but persisted for women with longer widowhood duration. Non-multigenerational households exacerbated the influence of widowhood on the higher risk of depression and worse cognitive functioning, but findings by urban/rural residence were mixed. Future research should explore what other factors moderate widowhood and health relations and examine changes in widowhood duration over time.
Understanding the effectiveness of psychosocial services for older adults' mental health in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Liu J, Lyu C, Kwan C … +3 more , Lan X, Deng J, Zhang J
Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol · 2026 Jun · PMID 40579573 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: Given the rapid development of psychosocial interventions for older adults in China and the significant mental health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is crucial to evaluate psychosocial interventions' eff...
OBJECTIVE: Given the rapid development of psychosocial interventions for older adults in China and the significant mental health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is crucial to evaluate psychosocial interventions' effectiveness in promoting mental health of China's older population. To address this need, a systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted. METHODS: We conducted a comprehensive search across nine electronic databases and Google Scholar for controlled trial studies published between 2018 and 2023. A meta-analytic approach with random-effects models was employed, and moderator analyses explored variability in effect size estimates. RESULTS: Thirty-one studies with 5,941 participants were included. Guided by the WHO's framework, mental health indicators were categorized as positive or negative. Positive indicators reflect better mental health with higher values, while negative indicators show worse mental health. Significant effects were noted for negative (g = -1.21, 95% CI: -1.44, 0.99) and positive (g = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.51, 0.84) mental health indicators, moderating by geographic region, intervention type, setting, and delivery modality. CONCLUSIONS: Psychosocial services could significantly benefit Chinese older adults' mental health. The moderator and subgroup analysis suggests that the most effective interventions involve mental health professionals and utilize multifaceted approaches. Additionally, the results indicate that intervention duration is an important consideration, as shorter-term programs in Hong Kong exhibited relatively smaller effects.
Assessing change and establishing empirical cutoffs: the Brief INSPIRE-O measure for personal recovery in mental health services.
Moeller SB, Larsen PV, Austin SF … +4 more , Slade M, Arendt ITP, Kring L, Simonsen S
Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol · 2025 Nov · PMID 40555811 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Personal recovery in mental health services, encouraged by the World Health Organization, has gained significance in research and clinical settings. However, measuring personal recovery remains challenging...
INTRODUCTION: Personal recovery in mental health services, encouraged by the World Health Organization, has gained significance in research and clinical settings. However, measuring personal recovery remains challenging due to the lack of universally accepted instruments. This study assessed Brief INSPIRE-O's ability to map personal recovery by determining cut-off scores and its ability to detect change in the process of personal recovery. METHOD: Data was from the internet-based monitoring system (IMS) at the Mental Health Service, Capital Region of Denmark. Between 2018 and 2020, 8,192 patients with baseline data on Brief INSPIRE-O were included to assess its role in measuring personal recovery. Additionally, for analyses focusing on Brief-INSPIRE-O as a measure of change in personal recovery, we included 2,714 patients with pre- and post-treatment data. MATERIALS: Brief INSPIRE-O was examined along with well-being (WHO-5) and measures of symptom distress (SCL-10), and functioning (SDS-M). RESULTS: Scores on all measures improved from pre- to post-treatment, except for functional impairment (SDS-M). Convergent validity was established with symptom distress (SCL-10; r = -0.63) and functioning (SDS-M; r = -0.55). A 10-point change in WHO-5 corresponded to an 18.9-point increase in Brief INSPIRE-O. ROC analysis identified an empirical cutoff of 50 for personal recovery and 8 points for clinically relevant change. DISCUSSION: The Brief INSPIRE-O demonstrated strong validity and sensitivity to change, supporting its use as a reliable tool for assessing personal recovery and treatment quality in clinical practice. It can be considered a relevant brief patient reported outcome measure to be used in international standards of quality and outcome monitoring.
Psychological resilience trajectories after the COVID-19 pandemic: the role of lifestyle and psychosocial factors in a cohort at increased alzheimer's disease risk.
Contador I, Akinci M, Palpatzis E … +9 more , Aguilar-Domínguez P, Deulofeu C, Fuentes-Julian S, Fauria K, Minguillón C, Grau-Rivera O, Sánchez-Benavides G, Arenaza-Urquijo EM, ALFA Study
Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol · 2026 Jan · PMID 40548976 · Full text
PURPOSE: This longitudinal cohort study evaluates whether lifestyle and psychosocial factors are associated with psychological resilience at two time points of COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, we investigated the mediating r...
PURPOSE: This longitudinal cohort study evaluates whether lifestyle and psychosocial factors are associated with psychological resilience at two time points of COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, we investigated the mediating role of perceived stress on these associations. METHODS: A total of 677 cognitively unimpaired (CU) older adults at increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Based on the Reliable Change Index (RCI), HADS trajectories were defined at two intervals: (1) pre-pandemic-confinement (follow-up = 2,28 ± 0,84 years); (2) confinement-post-confinement (follow-up = 1,49 ± 0,12 years). Then, 4 trajectory groups were defined: Psychological Resilience (n = 448, stable or improve at both intervals), Descending (n = 84, stable/improve [interval 1]-worsen [interval 2]), Recovery (n = 59, worsening [interval 1], improvement [interval 2] ) and Non-resilient (n = 86, worsening at both intervals). Logistic regression models (LRM) were applied considering lifestyle (physical and leisure activities, sleep) and psychosocial factors (social relationships and emotional support) as predictors of psychological resilience trajectory (i.e., outcome) at both intervals. Finally, mediation analyses were carried out to test the effect of perceived stress on the relationships between the predictive factors and psychological resilience. RESULTS: Our finding showed that most participants followed a psychological resilient trajectory (66,1%). LRMs indicated that higher physical activity level, a greater number of social interactions and longer sleep duration were significantly associated with a psychological resilience trajectory both at confinement and at the 1.5 years follow-up. Lastly, the mediation analyses suggested that these factors influence psychological resilience through the mitigation of perceived stress. CONCLUSION: These findings underscore the role of physical activity, social interactions and sleep quality to strengthen individuals' capacity to cope with stress during prolonged crisis such as the COVID-19 pandemic. These lifestyle and psychological factors may be valuable targets for public health strategies aimed to prevent mental health problems.
Resilient outcomes in people with a history of mental disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic: an international 2-years longitudinal prospective study.
Pinucci I, Tedeschi F, Serra R … +39 more , Patanè M, Acartürk C, Andriani D, Bryant RA, Burchert S, Caggiu G, Campos D, Conflitti C, Davisse-Paturet C, Felez-Nobrega M, Fuhr D, Hall BJ, Haro JM, Huizink AC, Knaevelsrud C, Kurt G, Lam A, Leijen I, Mediavilla R, Melchior M, Mittendorfer-Rutz E, Morina N, Monzio Compagnoni M, Nicaise P, Palantza C, Panter-Brick C, Papola D, Quero S, Rodriguez Prada C, Seedat S, Setyowibowo H, Smith P, van der Waerden J, Walter H, Witteveen A, Pasquini M, Sijbrandij M, Barbui C, Tarsitani L
Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol · 2026 Jan · PMID 40548975 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the global population was exposed to a significant psychological stress, which had an impact on the mental health in individuals with pre-existing mental disorders. Despite their...
BACKGROUND: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the global population was exposed to a significant psychological stress, which had an impact on the mental health in individuals with pre-existing mental disorders. Despite their heightened vulnerability, subgroups within this population demonstrated resilient outcomes throughout the pandemic. This study aims to identify predictors of long-term, sustained resilient outcomes among people with a history of mental disorder during the first two years of the pandemic. METHODS: In this international 2-year, 5-wave longitudinal online survey, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, and the PTSD Checklist DSM-5 were used for a proxy measure of psychological distress. As possible predictors of sustained resilient outcomes, we investigated socio-demographic characteristics, economic and housing status, pandemic-related issues, chronic diseases, social support, fear of contamination and personal values which were investigated respectively through the Oslo Social Support Scale, the Padua Inventory, and the Portrait Values Questionnaire. Data were analysed with a Mover-Stayer Latent Transition Analysis model. RESULTS: Nine-hundred and forty-three participants with a mental disorder were included in the analysis. Variables associated with a higher chance of sustained resilient outcomes were older age, maintaining a job, and having more people in the household. In contrast, female gender, losing job, difficulty in meeting basic needs, higher fear of contamination, hedonism, less social support and loneliness resulted in a lower likelihood of presenting sustained resilient outcomes. CONCLUSION: This study identified factors that predictsustained resilience in people with mental disorders. The newly discovered predictors could prove invaluable in developing strategies to enhance the resilience of people with mental disorders during times of crises, such as pandemics.
Moderating effects of self-defined sexual orientation on the relation between social factors and depressive symptoms or suicidal ideation among French young adults.
Kose J, Davisse-Paturet C, Pastorello A … +5 more , Meyer L, Melchior M, Vuillermoz C, Rouquette A, EpiCov Study Group
Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol · 2025 Oct · PMID 40548974 · Full text
PURPOSE: Disparities in mental health across sexual orientation groups and among young adults have long been discussed. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the moderating effects of sexual orientatio...
PURPOSE: Disparities in mental health across sexual orientation groups and among young adults have long been discussed. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the moderating effects of sexual orientation on the associations between social factors and depressive symptoms as well as suicidal ideation in young adults. METHODS: The study included 6,337 participants aged 18-25y in 2022 from the French EpiCov cohort. The outcome variables were depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation. Poisson regressions with robust error variance were performed to investigate the associations between social factors and outcomes according to sexual orientation (lesbian, gay, bisexual, other, or not defining themselves according to their sexuality: sexual minority (SM); heterosexual or not wishing to answer: Not belonging to SM (NSM)). RESULTS: The prevalence of depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation was higher in the SM than in the NSM group. Regarding depressive symptoms, significant moderating effects of sexual orientation were observed for female vs male sex (NSM: adjusted Prevalence Ratio (aPR) 1.58[1.28-1.95], SM: aPR 1.03[0.78-1.36]) and age category 22-25y vs 18-21y (NSM: aPR 1.32[1.05-1.67], SM: aPR 0.78[0.59-1.03]). Regarding suicidal ideation, significant moderating effect was observed for not being vs being in a relationship (NSM: aPR 1.55[1.14-2.12], SM: aPR 0.82[0.59-1.13]). CONCLUSION: In this study conducted in 2022, well-known social risk factors of mental problems do not explain the higher prevalence of depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation among young SM group. Further studies are needed to understand the specific challenges faced by these young people.
The association of objectively and subjectively measured modifiable lifestyle factors with internalizing problems: the role of genetic confounding and shared method variance bias.
Zhang Y, Choi KW, Frach L … +4 more , Robinson E, Ge T, Pingault JB, Tiemeier H
Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol · 2026 Apr · PMID 40548973 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Sleep duration and physical activity have been associated with internalizing problems. However, genetic confounding and measurement error may introduce bias. We assessed genetic confounding in the association...
BACKGROUND: Sleep duration and physical activity have been associated with internalizing problems. However, genetic confounding and measurement error may introduce bias. We assessed genetic confounding in the associations of modifiable lifestyle with internalizing problems using device-based and questionnaire assessments to estimate shared genetic risk across different assessments in adolescents. METHODS: In this preregistered study in the Adolescents Brain Cognitive Development cohort, we included European adolescents with both self-reported and device-based sleep duration (N = 2283) and moderate/vigorous physical activity (MVPA, days/week, N = 2772). We used the Brief Problem Monitor to assess self-reported internalizing problem scores. Genetic sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess genetic confounding by combining polygenic scores and molecular-based heritability of internalizing problems. RESULTS: Longer sleep duration was associated with lower internalizing problems using both self-reported (-0.15-SD, SE = 0.02-SD) and objective (-0.10-SD, SE = 0.02-SD) assessments. More frequent MVPA was associated with lower internalizing problems using both self-reported (-0.09-SD, SE = 0.02-SD) and device-based (-0.06-SD, SE = 0.02-SD) assessments. Substantial genetic confounding (81%) was found between self-reported sleep duration and internalizing problems, predominantly among boys. No clear evidence of genetic confounding was found in the associations of device-based sleep duration or either measures of MVPA with internalizing problems. CONCLUSION: The observed negative relationship between reported child sleep duration and internalizing problems may be partly due to genetic confounding, particularly among boys. This genetic influence likely captured reporting measurement error of shared method variance. The impact of adolescent sleep duration on internalizing problems may be overestimated by self-reports, especially among boys, whereas associations of physical activity were not genetically confounded.
Health and well-being comparison between residents of serviced housing for older people and community-dwelling older adults in japan: a propensity score matching analysis.
Wang H, Kawaguchi K, Ling L … +3 more , Ide K, Nakagomi A, Kondo K
Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol · 2026 Jun · PMID 40548972 · Full text
PURPOSE: Serviced Housing for Older People (SHOP) in Japan offers barrier-free living environments and supportive services to enhance the health and well-being of older adults. This study aimed to compare the health and...
PURPOSE: Serviced Housing for Older People (SHOP) in Japan offers barrier-free living environments and supportive services to enhance the health and well-being of older adults. This study aimed to compare the health and well-being of SHOP residents with community-dwelling older adults and to compare factors that may influence them. METHODS: This cross-sectional study utilized propensity score matching to compare the health and well-being of 1,080 SHOP residents (69.4% female; mean age: 83.9 years) with 7,560 community-dwelling older adults (67.8% female; mean age: 84.1 years) from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study. Health and well-being were assessed using nine items. Additionally, social behaviours and social factors such as laughing frequency, regular outings, hobbies, depression, participation in preventive care activities, meeting friends frequently, emotional support, and eating with others, were compared. RESULTS: SHOP residents exhibited significantly higher levels of happiness, life satisfaction, and physical health compared to community-dwelling older adults. They were more engaged in activities like regular outings, attending preventive care activities, meeting friends, and eating with others. They also reported higher frequencies of laughter and received emotional support. CONCLUSION: SHOP may improve the health and well-being of older adults. These findings can help in developing age-friendly housing initiatives to address the challenges of an aging society.
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