Preventing Chronic Disease[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Parental Perceived Stress and Its Association With Childhood Obesity in Spain: The PASOS Study.
García S, Ródenas-Munar M, Cereijo L … +25 more , Sevilla-Sanchez M, Gusi N, Gómez SF, González-Gross M, Wärnberg J, Aznar S, Pulgar S, Serra-Majem L, Martín-Oliveros A, Marín-Cascales E, Fitó M, Carmona-Rosado L, González-Valeiro MÁ, Gomez JS, Berruezo P, Zapico AG, Morales-Gil IM, Martin-Moraleda E, Herrera-Ramos E, Mateos-Lardiés A, Alcaraz PE, Schröder H, Labayen I, Bouzas C, Tur JA
Prev Chronic Dis · 2026 Jul · PMID 42390969 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Parental perceived stress (PPS) is proposed to be a factor influencing children's weight status through behavioral and environmental mechanisms. We assessed the association between PPS and weight status amo...
INTRODUCTION: Parental perceived stress (PPS) is proposed to be a factor influencing children's weight status through behavioral and environmental mechanisms. We assessed the association between PPS and weight status among Spanish children and adolescents. METHODS: We used data from the first wave of the PASOS (Physical Activity, Sedentarism, and Obesity in Spanish Youth) study (2019-2020). The study included 1,023 children and adolescents whose parents completed the Perceived Stress Scale. Anthropometric measurements and data on physical activity, sleep, screen time, and dietary quality were collected. We classified parents into "low" stress (<50th percentile on Perceived Stress Scale) and "high" stress (≥50th percentile on Perceived Stress Scale). We assessed the association between PPS and obesity, adjusted for parents' perception of their own health and children's general fitness. We conducted linear regression analysis between PPS and children's body mass index (BMI) z score and waist-to-height ratio. RESULTS: Children of parents with high PPS had higher mean BMI (19.9 [SD, 3.8] vs 19.5 [3.3]; P = .009) and poorer general fitness (P = .003) than children of parents with low PPS. The prevalence of obesity was higher among children of high-stress (vs low-stress) parents (4.0% vs 1.6%); this association remained significant after adjustment (adjusted OR = 2.76; 95% CI, 1.08-7.06; P = .03). The linear analysis showed positive associations between PPS and both children's BMI z score and waist-to-height ratio. CONCLUSION: Higher PPS was associated with an increased likelihood of obesity in Spanish children and adolescents. These findings underscore the importance of addressing family stress in strategies for preventing childhood obesity.
Predictors of Voucher Redemption in Produce Prescription Programs in a Primarily Low-Income Population With Type 2 Diabetes.
Adebile TV, Rutt K, Scartozzi C … +4 more , Calo WA, Kraschnewski JL, Hollis-Hansen K, Veldheer S
Prev Chronic Dis · 2026 Jul · PMID 42390968 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Food as Medicine initiatives, including produce prescription (PRx) programs, provide incentives (ie, vouchers) for participants to purchase free or reduced-cost produce. Voucher redemption is central to PRx...
INTRODUCTION: Food as Medicine initiatives, including produce prescription (PRx) programs, provide incentives (ie, vouchers) for participants to purchase free or reduced-cost produce. Voucher redemption is central to PRx effectiveness, yet predictors of redemption are poorly characterized. Prior evaluations often excluded nonusers, potentially overestimating effects. We applied an intent-to-treat (ITT) approach to examine the association between baseline characteristics and voucher redemption rates (VRRs) in a PRx program among primarily low-income Hispanic/Latino adults with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: In this single-arm, pre-post study, 154 participants were enrolled in a 7-month PRx program offering up to $90 in fruit and vegetable vouchers for attending monthly nutrition education sessions. Binomial logistic regression assessed predictors of ITT-VRRs, including transportation access, baseline fruit and vegetable intake, and knowledge of produce preparation. RESULTS: The sample was majority female (66.2%), Hispanic/Latino (83.1%), and low income (using public health insurance [88.9%] or food insecure [76.0%]). Most participants shared purchased produce with others in the household (61.2%). The ITT-VRR was 65.8%, versus 84.3% in per-protocol analysis. Higher odds of ITT-VRR were associated with transportation access (personal car [odds ratio, 2.28; 95% CI, 1.94-2.67]), while little/no self-reported knowledge of how to prepare fruit and vegetables was associated with lower odds (odds ratio, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.52-0.63). CONCLUSION: Transportation access and baseline knowledge of how to prepare fruit and vegetables were associated with voucher redemption, suggesting vouchers alone may not sustain engagement or dietary change. To enhance program equity and effectiveness, future PRx programs may consider pairing vouchers with strategies addressing transportation challenges and supporting fruit and vegetable preparation-related capability.
Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Associations Between Weight Perception and Cardiometabolic Health Among Adolescents Followed Into Emerging Adulthood.
Djekovic M, Alani A, Burnette CB … +3 more , Nelson RK, Lumeng JC, Hahn SL
Prev Chronic Dis · 2026 Jun · PMID 42349849 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Several US public health and clinical initiatives notify adolescents of body mass index (BMI) or weight status; however, few studies have examined whether weight perception is independently associated with...
INTRODUCTION: Several US public health and clinical initiatives notify adolescents of body mass index (BMI) or weight status; however, few studies have examined whether weight perception is independently associated with objective cardiometabolic markers. We assessed cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between weight perception and cardiometabolic health among adolescents followed into emerging adulthood. METHODS: We analyzed wave 4 (mean [SE] age, 19.2 [0.04] y) and wave 7 data collected 3 years later from the NEXT PLUS Generation Health Study, a nationally representative cohort of US adolescents followed into emerging adulthood (analytic n = 454 at wave 4; n = 330 at wave 7). To assess cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between weight perception (perceived their weight as overweight vs did not perceive their weight as overweight) and cardiometabolic outcomes (fasting blood glucose, hemoglobin A, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein [LDL] cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and waist circumference), linear regressions adjusting for sociodemographic variables were performed with and without additional adjustment for BMI. RESULTS: In cross-sectional models adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics and BMI, participants who perceived their weight as overweight had higher adjusted mean total cholesterol (mean difference, 12.3 mg/dL; P = .045) and LDL cholesterol (mean difference, 8.3 mg/dL; P = .04). In longitudinal models, perceiving one's weight as overweight was not associated with cardiometabolic outcomes after adjustment for BMI. CONCLUSION: Perceiving one's weight as overweight is associated with worse cardiometabolic health. Health professionals should consider the possible implications of policies aimed at informing adolescents of their BMI status before implementation. Future studies are warranted to explore the causal pathway of this association.
Prevalence and Correlates of Caregiver-Reported Disordered Eating Behaviors and Concerns Among US Children and Adolescents Aged 6 to 17 Years, 2022.
Lebrun-Harris LA, Beccia AB, Austin SB … +1 more , Fields JM
Prev Chronic Dis · 2026 Jun · PMID 42315147 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Disordered eating behaviors are increasingly recognized among children and adolescents in the US, making it critical to understand their prevalence and associated risk factors to support early identificatio...
INTRODUCTION: Disordered eating behaviors are increasingly recognized among children and adolescents in the US, making it critical to understand their prevalence and associated risk factors to support early identification and intervention. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence and correlates of caregiver-reported disordered eating behaviors and concerns among US children and adolescents aged 6 to 17 years. METHODS: We analyzed data from the 2022 National Survey of Children's Health (n = 34,362), estimating age- and sex-stratified prevalence of past-year child's concerns about body weight, shape, or size; disordered eating behaviors; and caregiver concerns about those behaviors. We conducted bivariate analyses identifying sociodemographic, economic, health-related, and caregiver/family-related correlates. RESULTS: The most prevalent behaviors were extremely picky eating (24.5% among children aged 6-11 y; 19.3% among adolescents aged 12-17 y), low interest in food (11.1% and 10.6%, respectively), and skipping meals/fasting (6.8% and 13.4%, respectively). About one-quarter of caregivers were "very much" or "somewhat" concerned about their child's behaviors. Several factors were associated with disordered eating behaviors/concerns, including food insufficiency; mental/emotional/behavioral conditions; frequent bullying; high levels of screentime; worse caregiver mental/emotional health; and adverse childhood experiences. CONCLUSION: Based on caregiver reports, nearly one-third of children and adolescents in our study population engaged in at least 1 form of disordered eating in the past year. Caregivers may be well-positioned to observe and report early behavior changes, potentially enabling earlier clinical assessment and intervention and improved prognosis.
Changes in Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Intake From Before to After Nutrition Labeling Policy Implementation: A Comparison of Mexico and the United States.
Contreras-Manzano A, Alsallum S, Davis RE … +11 more , Vanderlee L, Jáuregui A, White CM, Drolet-Labelle V, Frongillo EA, Lázaro L, Barquera S, Taillie LS, Hardin JW, Hammond D, Thrasher JF
Prev Chronic Dis · 2026 Jun · PMID 42274329 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) are a major source of added dietary sugars in Mexico and the US and contribute to chronic disease risk. In 2020, Mexico implemented mandatory front-of-package warning labels...
INTRODUCTION: Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) are a major source of added dietary sugars in Mexico and the US and contribute to chronic disease risk. In 2020, Mexico implemented mandatory front-of-package warning labels (FoPWLs), and the US implemented updated Nutrition Facts labels that increased the salience of calories and added sugars. We compared changes in SSB intake in Mexico and the US. METHODS: Using 6 annual cross-sectional surveys (2018-2023) from the International Food Policy Study, we analyzed Mexican (n = 24,574) and US (n = 25,019) adults. Past-week SSB intake was summarized across 5 SSB categories. Outcomes were any SSB consumption, SSB consumption frequency, and, among SSB consumers, total volume, calories, and added sugars from SSBs. Difference-in-differences models with country-by-period interactions (2018-2019 vs 2020-2023) adjusted for sociodemographic and behavioral covariates; sex-stratified analyses were also conducted. RESULTS: From 2018-2019 to 2020-2023, any SSB consumption and SSB consumption frequency increased in the US (adjusted odds ratio, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.17-1.36; adjusted incidence rate ratio, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.10-1.22, respectively). In Mexico, any SSB consumption also increased (adjusted odds ratio, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.00-1.22), but increases were smaller than in the US for any consumption (adjusted odds ratio, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.77-0.99) and frequency (adjusted incidence rate ratio, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.84-0.95). Among SSB consumers, changes in volume, calories, and added sugars did not differ between countries overall. In sex-stratified models, Mexican women had a greater relative reduction in SSB volume than US women (adjusted regression coefficient, -304 mL/week; 95% CI, -593 to -16). CONCLUSION: Compared with contemporaneous changes in the US, Mexico's FoPWL implementation was associated with more favorable trends in whether and how often adults consumed SSBs, but not in overall changes in volume, calories, or added sugars among SSB consumers.
Faith, Hope, and Therapy: A Qualitative Study to Explore Faith-Based Leaders' Perceptions of Mental Illness in the Rural South.
Cody SL, Sanchez S, Burton WM … +3 more , Bradley LJ, Foster PP, Newman SD
Prev Chronic Dis · 2026 Jun · PMID 42242769 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Faith-based leaders are often the first people contacted by people in rural areas who are experiencing mental health crises, yet some may delay referrals. Public health professionals and mental health provi...
INTRODUCTION: Faith-based leaders are often the first people contacted by people in rural areas who are experiencing mental health crises, yet some may delay referrals. Public health professionals and mental health providers should therefore understand the perspectives of faith-based leaders on mental health. In this qualitative study, we explored the perceptions of faith-based leaders regarding mental illness and the role of the church in addressing stigma associated with mental illness in the rural South. METHODS: Using purposeful sampling, pastors and ministers (N = 10) were recruited from 3 rural Southern counties. Participants viewed a minidocumentary featuring faith-based leaders discussing their role in addressing mental health issues in the church. After viewing, participants shared their thoughts in focus groups. RESULTS: Thematic qualitative analysis identified 3 themes: 1) mental health is a broad topic involving various aspects connected to a person's overall well-being; 2) church and faith-based leaders are unprepared to address mental health stigma among church congregants; and 3) faith-based leaders expressed that they could address mental health needs by building relationships with congregants through listening and having a spirit of discernment. CONCLUSION: Future studies with larger samples of faith-based leaders from different religious backgrounds are needed. Integrated spiritual-based and mental health prevention approaches may be beneficial to support faith-based leaders in their role in referring people to treatment.
Sunburn Prevalence Among US High School Students, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, United States, 2023.
Holman DM, Saelee R, Kiplagat SJ … +1 more , Julian AK
Prev Chronic Dis · 2026 May · PMID 42212594 · Full text
Using 2023 national Youth Risk Behavior Survey data, we estimated the prevalence of any sunburn and frequent sunburn (≥5 times in the past year) among US high school students and examined associations with demographic an...
Using 2023 national Youth Risk Behavior Survey data, we estimated the prevalence of any sunburn and frequent sunburn (≥5 times in the past year) among US high school students and examined associations with demographic and behavioral characteristics. Overall, 54.7% of students reported any sunburn, and 22.9% of students with any sunburn reported frequent sunburn. After adjustment for sex, race and ethnicity, and grade, any sunburn prevalence differed by sex, race and ethnicity, body mass index, several substance use and activity measures, diet, and social media use; factors associated with frequent sunburn partially overlapped but also differed. Persistently high adolescent sunburn prevalence supports continued youth skin cancer prevention efforts.
Erratum, Vol. 17, December 3 Release.
Prev Chronic Dis · 2026 May · PMID 42170989 · Full text
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.5888/pcd17.200213.].
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.5888/pcd17.200213.].
Accuracy of Surveys for Estimating Coverage for Hepatitis A and B Vaccinations in Adults.
Crane LA, Hurley LP, Daley MF … +7 more , Beaty B, Rice JD, Homdayjanakul KJ, Lyons J, Black CL, Lu PJ, Singleton JA
Prev Chronic Dis · 2026 May · PMID 42170988 · Full text
This study estimated accuracy of survey-reported hepatitis A and B vaccination among adults at increased risk. Survey responses from patients at 2 large health care systems in Colorado were compared with vaccination reco...
This study estimated accuracy of survey-reported hepatitis A and B vaccination among adults at increased risk. Survey responses from patients at 2 large health care systems in Colorado were compared with vaccination records in electronic health records and the state immunization registry. For hepatitis A vaccine, net bias was 5.6% (relative bias, 38.6%; sensitivity, 52.5%; specificity, 85.3%). For hepatitis B vaccine, net bias was 6.5% (relative bias, 28.6%; sensitivity, 43.4%; specificity, 75.1%). Despite low sensitivity, self-reported vaccination status may be sufficiently accurate for use in the development of vaccine policies and public health actions for improving hepatitis A and B coverage.
Sit-to-Stand Performance, Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity, and Health-Related Quality of Life in Knee Osteoarthritis: A Prospective Mediation Analysis.
Dean K, Nemati D, Sun R … +4 more , Smuck M, Kushioka J, Best TM, Kaushal N
Prev Chronic Dis · 2026 Apr · PMID 42155980 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is the most common form of arthritis, leading to illness, decreased physical function, and reduced health-related quality of life (HR-QoL). Sit-to-stand (STS) testing is a commonly...
INTRODUCTION: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is the most common form of arthritis, leading to illness, decreased physical function, and reduced health-related quality of life (HR-QoL). Sit-to-stand (STS) testing is a commonly used measure of physical capacity in KOA. This study examined whether STS performance and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) helped account for the association between KOA pain and subsequent HR-QoL. METHODS: Data across 2 years (at year 6 and year 8 visits) were used from the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI), a multisite, longitudinal study of people with or at risk for KOA. We used serial mediation analysis to examine whether year 6 STS performance and year 8 MVPA accounted for the association between year 6 KOA pain and year 8 HR-QoL, adjusting for age, sex, and race. RESULTS: Significant correlations among all model variables supported model testing. The serial mediation model revealed that an increase in KOA pain predicted worse STS performance (β = .15; P < .001). MVPA was reduced by an increase in KOA pain (β = -.13; P < .001) but not STS (β = -.02; P = .46). MVPA subsequently predicted HR-QoL (β = .12; P < .001). The overall indirect pathway was significant (β = -0.02; 95% CI, -0.040 to -0.009), but the direct pathway also remained significant (β = -0.47; 95% CI, -0.536 to -0.410), denoting a partial mediation effect. CONCLUSION: STS performance and MVPA partially mediated the relationship between KOA pain and HR-QoL, highlighting mechanisms to address in future interventions for improving HR-QoL. These results support STS as a complementary tool to pain for understanding MVPA participation and HR-QoL in KOA patients. The findings also underscore the importance of integrating self-management strategies to address pain in behavior-change interventions.
Assessing Health Care Providers' Knowledge of Arthritis-Appropriate, Evidence-Based Interventions Through Online Self-Assessment.
Joy EA, Gardner L, Lucero K … +7 more , Thorpe S, Yuan M, Erck E, Murphy H, Garcha S, Burch A, Foster AL
Prev Chronic Dis · 2026 Mar · PMID 42155979 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Physical activity is an important nonpharmacological strategy for managing arthritis-attributable pain and improving physical function. To prepare health care providers (HCPs) to deliver this care, the Nati...
INTRODUCTION: Physical activity is an important nonpharmacological strategy for managing arthritis-attributable pain and improving physical function. To prepare health care providers (HCPs) to deliver this care, the National Association of Chronic Disease Directors, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and Medscape Education developed an online clinical practice assessment activity (CPA). This activity aimed to help HCPs assess their knowledge of arthritis-appropriate, evidence-based interventions (AAEBIs) and better incorporate them into treatment programs. METHODS: A 27-question CPA was launched in November 2022 and analyzed in May 2025. Educational effectiveness was assessed with a repeated-pairs preassessment/postassessment. Responses to multiple choice and confidence questions were aggregated and analyzed to help us understand participants' current practices and education needs for the management of patients with arthritis. RESULTS: Approximately 20,000 HCPs accessed the CPA; 4,395 completed the assessment and were included in the analysis. Less than two-thirds (59.8%) correctly identified recommendations about weekly moderate-intensity physical activity for adults with arthritis. After participating in the CPA, 82.2% agreed or strongly agreed that their awareness of AAEBIs and their benefits had increased. CONCLUSIONS: HCPs showed a need for education to reinforce, improve, or extend knowledge about arthritis risk factors, barriers to physical activity, and physical activity prescription.
Revitalizing the US Youth Presidential Fitness Test: Are States Prepared to Support Implementation?
Killian CM, D'Agostino EM, Kern BD … +4 more , Kim CY, King D, Albeke SE, Thompson HR
Prev Chronic Dis · 2026 Apr · PMID 42155978 · Full text
Our objective was to describe policy infrastructure of elementary school fitness testing at the state level and to assess states' readiness for implementation of the recently reinstated Presidential Fitness Test. We cond...
Our objective was to describe policy infrastructure of elementary school fitness testing at the state level and to assess states' readiness for implementation of the recently reinstated Presidential Fitness Test. We conducted a cross-sectional policy analysis by using data from the State of the States Policy Report and used the Classification of Laws Associated with School Students to create a standardized readiness index. Only 5 states required recommended weekly minutes of physical education, 24 had no fitness testing requirements, 6 mandated testing results reporting, and most delegated compliance monitoring locally. State policies are not positioned to support large-scale standardized fitness testing, indicating a need for coordinated reform.
Using Photovoice to Create Awareness and Proactive Attitudes Among Mothers of Preschool-Aged Children About the Prevalence of Ultraprocessed Food in the Local Food Environment.
Rothpletz-Puglia P, Nabi A, Hynes A … +4 more , Kutiyanawala Z, Cogan-Drew T, Mbadugha N, Jones V
Prev Chronic Dis · 2026 Mar · PMID 42155975 · Full text
Ultraprocessed foods are deeply ingrained in US culture, and challenging the social acceptance of feeding children ultraprocessed foods is a priority. We used photovoice among a sample of mothers of preschool-aged childr...
Ultraprocessed foods are deeply ingrained in US culture, and challenging the social acceptance of feeding children ultraprocessed foods is a priority. We used photovoice among a sample of mothers of preschool-aged children (n = 25) to assess their perceptions of the local food environment. Participants had 2 weeks before and after a nutrition education session to take photographs. Participants submitted 814 photographs of the local food environment, and mothers participated in 8 focus group discussions, each with 5 to 8 participants. After the education session, participants questioned the prevalence and marketing of ultraprocessed foods and discussed the need for change, thus signaling proactive attitudes.
Ultraprocessed Foods in Popular Children's Television Series.
Tzoutzou M, Detopoulou P, Matalas AL … +1 more , Bathrellou E
Prev Chronic Dis · 2026 Apr · PMID 42155973 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Research on children's television programming examining the quality of presented foods finds a prevalence of processed foods, though the degree of processing of the foods shown has not been extensively exam...
INTRODUCTION: Research on children's television programming examining the quality of presented foods finds a prevalence of processed foods, though the degree of processing of the foods shown has not been extensively examined. This study aims to assess the quality of the food presented in popular children's television series, based on the NOVA food classification system, and distinguish between the way foods are presented. METHODS: We selected 100 episodes of 10 cartoon television series that had large audiences of children. Food items, either eaten by heroes or introduced visually or verbally in television series, were recorded per episode. They were then classified according to the NOVA system. Differences by the series continent of origin (Europe, North America, or Asia) were also examined. RESULTS: The median number of food recordings per episode was 3.0, with most (61.5%) classified as foods introduced visually or verbally. More than half of all foods featured per episode were ultraprocessed foods (UPF) and one third of them were minimally processed foods (MPF), while other NOVA food categories rarely appeared. Both UPF and MPF were presented more often as foods introduced visually or verbally rather than as foods eaten, but UPF represented 72% of the foods eaten per episode. European cartoons broadcasted more UPF items compared with North American television series. CONCLUSION: UPF dominated in children's television series, especially those of European origin, raising a public health concern for Europe.
Association Between Race, Ethnicity, and Sex With Colorectal Cancer Screening Use Among US Adults With and Without Self-Reported Depressive Disorders, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2022.
Villareal BM, Nielsen N, Yuan Y … +1 more , Castañeda-Avila M
Prev Chronic Dis · 2026 Apr · PMID 42155971 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer death in men and the fourth in women in the US. Racial, ethnic, and sex disparities persist, and people with depressive disorders may delay or sk...
INTRODUCTION: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer death in men and the fourth in women in the US. Racial, ethnic, and sex disparities persist, and people with depressive disorders may delay or skip CRC screening, contributing to later-stage diagnosis and worse outcomes. We examined the association between sex, race, ethnicity, and CRC screening by depression history. METHODS: We analyzed 2022 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data for adults aged 45 to 74 years (n = 222,601), classifying CRC screening status as up to date or not up to date/never screened. The main predictors were sex, race, and ethnicity (eg, non-Hispanic Black women) and self-reported depression. We used Poisson regression to estimate adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs). RESULTS: The weighted sample represented approximately 108 million United States adults aged 45 to 74 years. People with depression were slightly more likely to be up to date with CRC screening (aPR = 1.05; 95% CI, 1.04-1.07) compared with those without depression. Asian (aPR = 0.77; 95% CI, 0.72-0.83), American Indian or Alaska Native (aPR = 0.81; 95% CI, 0.75-0.88), and Hispanic (aPR = 0.83; 95% CI, 0.80-0.86) people were less likely to be up to date compared with White people. After adjusting for confounders, we found that depression was associated with increased screening only among White women, who were 4% more likely to be up to date (aPR = 1.04; 95% CI, 1.01-1.07) than White men with depression. CONCLUSION: Outreach programs should aim to increase awareness of and accessibility to CRC screening among people who are at high-risk for CRC, such as Hispanic and Asian populations. More research is needed to better understand how depression and its symptoms influence CRC screening use.
Increase in Prevalence of Self-Reported High Blood Cholesterol Among Adults, United States, 2019-2023.
Xu K, Pankowska MM, Sekkarie A … +2 more , Imoisili OE, Loustalot F
Prev Chronic Dis · 2026 Mar · PMID 42155966 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Elevated levels of total blood cholesterol are associated with an increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Clinical guidelines and recommendations encourage regular screening and management...
INTRODUCTION: Elevated levels of total blood cholesterol are associated with an increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Clinical guidelines and recommendations encourage regular screening and management of blood cholesterol among adults to reduce this risk. This study assessed national and state-level trends in the age-standardized prevalence of self-reported blood cholesterol screening and elevated cholesterol levels among adults by using data from the 2019-2023 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. METHODS: Age-standardized prevalence of blood cholesterol screening during the preceding 5 years and high blood cholesterol among those ever screened were assessed by sex, age group, race and ethnicity, educational attainment, and state of residence. Absolute and relative changes from 2019 to 2023 were calculated, and linear and quadratic trends across survey periods were assessed by using orthogonal polynomial coefficients. RESULTS: From 2019 to 2023, the prevalence of adults who had blood cholesterol screened during the preceding 5 years slightly decreased by 0.5%, from 86.0% to 85.6% (-0.4 percentage points, P = .03). Among adults who had ever been screened, the prevalence of awareness for high blood cholesterol increased by 13.7%, rising from 29.2% to 33.2% (4.0 percentage points, P < .001). The prevalence of screening for and awareness of high blood cholesterol varied by sociodemographic characteristics and state of residence. Approximately two-thirds of US states experienced an increase in the prevalence of self-reported high blood cholesterol. CONCLUSION: To improve cholesterol management, public health and clinical efforts should consider expanding resources and interventions that effectively promote early detection and raise awareness about the importance of cholesterol management.
Geographic and Sociodemographic Patterns in Prevalence of Diagnosed Diabetes, US, 2021-2024.
Yell N, Asiedu-Danso M, Odahowski CL … +2 more , Crouch E, Benavidez GA
Prev Chronic Dis · 2026 Apr · PMID 42155963 · Full text
Using pooled data from the 2021-2024 National Health Interview Survey, we compared the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes among rural and urban adults (≥18 y) across multiple sociodemographic factors by using survey-weight...
Using pooled data from the 2021-2024 National Health Interview Survey, we compared the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes among rural and urban adults (≥18 y) across multiple sociodemographic factors by using survey-weighted descriptive statistics and t tests. Overall prevalence was 9.8%, with higher rates among rural residents (12.3%) than urban residents (9.3%) (P < .001); differences persisted across most sociodemographic groups, including by income, education, and race and ethnicity, but were absent among adults aged 65 years or older. The higher prevalence among rural residents compounds existing socioeconomic and racial and ethnic inequities, highlighting the need to monitor both rural-urban and within-rural differences and to prioritize tailored prevention and management strategies.
Association Between Social Determinants of Health and Cardiovascular Risk in Pregnant Women, United States.
Shaukat S, Horney J, Ji X … +2 more , Hoch C, Covington L
Prev Chronic Dis · 2026 Feb · PMID 42155596 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Poor cardiovascular health (CVH) accounts for one-third of pregnancy-related deaths in the US. Social determinants of health (SDOH) - conditions in which people are born, grow, work, live, and age - can neg...
INTRODUCTION: Poor cardiovascular health (CVH) accounts for one-third of pregnancy-related deaths in the US. Social determinants of health (SDOH) - conditions in which people are born, grow, work, live, and age - can negatively influence maternal CVH. Little is known about potential negative effects of SDOH on CVH during the perinatal period. This study aimed to identify associations between SDOH with CVH in pregnant women. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of women who participated in the Pregnancy Risk Assessment and Monitoring System (PRAMS) survey between 2016 and 2020. We created a composite score for CVH status based on the presence of hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and obesity. SDOH variables were maternal education level, marital status, rural residency, work status, poverty level, insurance status, food security, history of breastfeeding, birth order of the child, history of abuse, and depression history. Logistic regression accounting for complex survey data evaluated the association of SDOH with poor CVH risk by using adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% CIs. RESULTS: The final sample was 205,513 pregnant women (57.2% non-Hispanic white, 15.1% non-Hispanic Black, 18.3% Hispanic), of whom 53.8% were classified as having poor CVH. Disadvantaged SDOH were associated with poor CVH: rural residence (OR = 1.15), food insecurity (OR = 1.36), abuse history (OR = 1.43), depression history (OR = 1.52), living at or below the federal poverty line (OR = 1.23), single marital status (OR = 1.38), less than high school diploma (OR = 1.13) and having government insurance (OR = 1.31) (all P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Having disadvantaged SDOH was associated with poor CVH during pregnancy.
A Critical Evaluation of Contextual Factors Affecting the Implementation of Pharmacist-Led Colorectal Cancer Screening: A Scoping Narrative Hybrid Review.
Nkemdirim Okere A, Islam MM
Prev Chronic Dis · 2026 Mar · PMID 42138814 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the most preventable cancers and causes more than 50,000 deaths annually in the US. Screening disparities persist in rural versus urban populations and in populations with i...
INTRODUCTION: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the most preventable cancers and causes more than 50,000 deaths annually in the US. Screening disparities persist in rural versus urban populations and in populations with inadequate access to care. Community pharmacies, given their accessibility and trusted role in preventive care, represent a promising setting to expand CRC screening. METHODS: This scoping narrative hybrid review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines and the Arksey and O'Malley framework, along with other refinements. Literature searches were conducted in PubMed, Embase (via Elsevier), ProQuest, Medline (via OVID), and ClinicalTrials.gov by using broad key words related to CRC screening and pharmacy. Eligible studies included US-based studies describing pharmacist involvement in community pharmacy CRC screening. Data were synthesized by using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research, with strategies mapped to the Implementation Research Logic Model. RESULTS: Ten US studies met inclusion criteria: 1 randomized community-pharmacy intervention trial, 1 pilot implementation study, 3 stakeholder qualitative studies, and 5 national or statewide surveys. Key barriers included lack of reimbursement, workflow constraints, pharmacist knowledge gaps, and limited care coordination. Facilitators included high patient willingness, trust in pharmacies, compatibility with existing workflows, and professional support from pharmacists and providers. Evidence-based strategies included targeted pharmacist training, workflow reminders, formal referral agreements with primary care, and patient engagement initiatives. Policy reforms to establish reimbursement and strengthen information exchange were identified as essential for sustainability. CONCLUSION: Community pharmacies are well positioned to expand CRC screening access. Addressing reimbursement, training, workflow, and coordination barriers through evidence-based strategies and supportive policy can enable pharmacist-delivered CRC screening to reduce disparities and improve population health outcomes.
Estimation of the Attributable Fraction of Noncommunicable Diseases Related to Physical Inactivity, Morocco.
Bahra N, Bartal FZ, Mahfoudi H … +2 more , El Rhazi K, Tachfouti N
Prev Chronic Dis · 2026 May · PMID 42133928 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Physical inactivity is a major risk factor for noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). With the growing prevalence of NCDs, quantifying the effects of physical inactivity is essential for informing public health p...
INTRODUCTION: Physical inactivity is a major risk factor for noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). With the growing prevalence of NCDs, quantifying the effects of physical inactivity is essential for informing public health policies. This study estimates the attributable fraction of NCDs related to physical inactivity in Morocco and examines differences by sex and physical activity level. METHODS: We applied a population attributable fraction approach to estimate preventable cases of breast cancer, colorectal cancer, type 2 diabetes, ischemic heart disease, and ischemic stroke through increased physical activity. The analysis focused on adults aged 18 years or older, with a focus on ischemic conditions among those aged 35 or older. Data sources included the national World Health Organization (WHO) STEPwise approach to NCD risk factor surveillance (STEPS) survey (for inactivity prevalence), meta-analyses (for relative risks), the national cancer registry (for cancer incidence), and published studies (for disease prevalence). RESULTS: For breast cancer in women, physical inactivity accounted for 0.88% to 3.95% of cases. For colorectal cancer, the attributable fraction ranged from 2.72% (women) and 1.69% (men) at low activity levels to 6.49% (women) and 4.13% (men) at high activity levels. For type 2 diabetes, it ranged from 4.16% (women) and 2.60% (men) to 9.10% (women) and 5.84% (men). Among adults aged 35 years or older, physical inactivity accounted for up to 6.49% of ischemic heart disease cases and 7.08% of ischemic stroke cases in women and up to 5.16% and 5.64%, respectively, in men. CONCLUSIONS: Higher physical activity levels could significantly reduce NCD incidence. These findings underscore the preventive potential of physical activity and the need for sex-sensitive public health strategies to reduce NCD burden.
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