Fałkowska U, Durmaj A, Szwed C
… +5 more, Kurzeja M, Czuwara J, Olczak-Kowalczyk D, Rudnicka L, Olszewska M
Skin Res Technol
· 2026 Jan · PMID 41510827
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BACKGROUND: Desquamative gingivitis is a clinical condition characterized by erythema, blisters, and erosions within the gingiva. It may be a manifestation of oral lichen planus or autoimmune bullous diseases, such as pe...BACKGROUND: Desquamative gingivitis is a clinical condition characterized by erythema, blisters, and erosions within the gingiva. It may be a manifestation of oral lichen planus or autoimmune bullous diseases, such as pemphigus vulgaris and mucous membrane pemphigoid. The identification of the cause of desquamative gingivitis typically involves the analysis of clinical manifestations, histopathology, and immunopathology evaluation. This article reviews available data on the application of noninvasive imaging techniques (reflectance confocal microscopy, optical coherence tomography, and line-field confocal optical coherence tomography) in identifying the cause of desquamative gingivitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The review of the literature for desquamative gingivitis was performed by searching the PubMed, Scopus, and Wiley databases up to January 2025. RESULTS: This study aimed to evaluate the applicability of noninvasive imaging techniques, including RCM, OCT, and LC-OCT, in the differential diagnosis of desquamative gingivitis. Findings suggest these modalities offer characteristic diagnostic patterns across underlying diseases. In oral lichen planus, RCM typically shows disrupted connective tissue papillae, obscured basement membranes, and inflammatory cell infiltrates. In pemphigus vulgaris, the key findings are acantholytic keratinocytes and intraepithelial clefts, while mucous membrane pemphigoid displays subepithelial clefts and signs of hemorrhage. OCT findings in desquamative gingivitis associated with oral lichen planus include maintained epithelial thickness in the erosive forms and multilocular blisters in the bullous variants of the disease. In pemphigus vulgaris, OCT reveals intraepithelial clefts and thinning of the epithelium, while mucous membrane pemphigoid is marked by subepithelial blister formation and fluid accumulation. CONCLUSION: New noninvasive imaging techniques, such as reflectance confocal microscopy and optical coherence tomography, may support clinical decision-making, improve biopsy targeting, and enhance long-term monitoring of desquamative gingivitis.
Nosiadek M, Marusiak J, Gamoń K
… +1 more, Bączkowicz D
Skin Res Technol
· 2026 Jan · PMID 41510797
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BACKGROUND: Myotonometry is a noninvasive method for assessing the mechanical properties of soft tissues, including muscles and skin. The L-shaped probe, designed specifically for skin assessment, may be useful for evalu...BACKGROUND: Myotonometry is a noninvasive method for assessing the mechanical properties of soft tissues, including muscles and skin. The L-shaped probe, designed specifically for skin assessment, may be useful for evaluating caesarean section (C-section) scars. However, reliability data for MyotonPRO measurements of C-section scars with this probe are limited. This study aimed to evaluate the inter-rater and intra-rater reliability of measuring the mechanical properties of C-section scar skin using the MyotonPRO with the L-shaped probe. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-five women (23-42 years) with C-section scars were examined. Two raters conducted the myotonometric assessments over two consecutive days. Measurements were taken with the participant supine, using the L-shaped probe at six points around the scar (three above, three below; positioned at the scar's endpoints and centre), each tested in three directions (right, left and upward/downward). Reliability was analysed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), the standard error of measurement (SEM), minimal detectable change (MDC), coefficient of variation (CV) and Bland-Altman plots. RESULTS: Inter-rater reliability was good to excellent (ICC = 0.75-0.90), while intra-rater reliability was moderate to good, with slightly lower ICCs for consecutive-day measurements. SEM, MDC and CV values supported these findings, showing lower measurement error and narrower variability ranges between raters than within repeated measurements by the same rater. CONCLUSION: The MyotonPRO with the L-shaped probe provides reliable inter- and intra-rater measurements of C-section scar skin mechanical properties, making it a valuable tool for scar evaluation.
Skin Res Technol
· 2025 Dec · PMID 41451911
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BACKGROUND: Melanosis is an acquired hyperpigmentation disorder that can be associated with the use of medications; timely identification and discontinuation of relevant medications is an important aspect of clinical man...BACKGROUND: Melanosis is an acquired hyperpigmentation disorder that can be associated with the use of medications; timely identification and discontinuation of relevant medications is an important aspect of clinical management. OBJECTIVE: This study investigates the relationship between melanosis and drug exposure based on data from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database. We sought to determine the top drugs reported in association with melanosis in the FAERS. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of FAERS data from January 2004 to June 2024 was conducted to identify reports related to melanosis, using the Comprehensive Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA) terminology. A total of 18 182 912 independent adverse event reports were processed, and signal mining analyses were performed to detect associations between drugs and melanosis. Disproportionality analyses were conducted using four algorithms: reporting odds ratio (ROR), proportional reporting ratio (PRR), Bayesian confidence propagation neural network (BCPNN), and multi-item gamma Poisson shrinker (MGPS). The most frequently reported drugs and their associated adverse event reports were analyzed. RESULTS: Hundred and one reports related to melanosis were screened, involving 73 drug names as primary suspect (PS). By combining and organizing the different names of drugs such as trade names and generic names, 66 drugs were obtained. The top five drugs associated with melanosis were talimogene laherparepvec (ROR: 1891.39), followed by ferrous sulfate (ROR: 997.14), minocycline (ROR: 176.05), vemurafenib (ROR: 97.64), and pembrolizumab (ROR: 19.73). CONCLUSION: Patients who experience drug-induced melanosis generally have bad outcomes, underscoring the imperative for heightened clinical surveillance regarding the risk of drug-induced melanosis.
Skin Res Technol
· 2025 Dec · PMID 41408927
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BACKGROUND: This study aimed to establish a novel method for evaluating ultraviolet (UV) protection efficacy on hair, focusing on the relationship between sun protection factor (SPF) and UV-induced hair color changes. We...BACKGROUND: This study aimed to establish a novel method for evaluating ultraviolet (UV) protection efficacy on hair, focusing on the relationship between sun protection factor (SPF) and UV-induced hair color changes. We propose a hair SPF (HSPF) that measures the extent of hair color change following UV irradiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In in vitro tests, we used UV standard samples with known SPF values (P2, P5, and P8) to construct a standard curve according to hair color changes before and after UV irradiation. Hair samples were analyzed using the CIELAB color space system, calculating the ΔE value to represent the color difference. To assess the UV protection properties of various hair care formulations (oils, essences, and balms), we compared their HSPF with the standard curve. Meanwhile, in vivo tests followed the ISO 24444 guidelines, involving ten participants to validate the correlation between the in vitro and in vivo methods. RESULTS: Higher SPF products resulted in smaller ΔE values, indicating less color fading and greater protection. The in vitro HSPF values strongly correlated with the in vivo SPF results, particularly for oils and balms (R = 0.734). However, formulations with high-moisture content exhibited lower correlation. CONCLUSION: The HSPF offers a new perspective on the level of hair protection from UV damage and may be promising for the future development and efficacy testing of UV protection products for hair.
Tang WJ, Li ZR, Wang GL
… +6 more, Xue YF, Kou YY, Zhao J, Zhang C, Li LW, Bai ZL
Skin Res Technol
· 2025 Dec · PMID 41388938
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BACKGROUND: Repeated ultraviolet A (UVA) exposure-induced cellular photoaging models had been widely applicated to study skin photoaging. However, there is no standard protocol to prepare these models and cell passaging...BACKGROUND: Repeated ultraviolet A (UVA) exposure-induced cellular photoaging models had been widely applicated to study skin photoaging. However, there is no standard protocol to prepare these models and cell passaging is inevitably needed when fibroblasts are cultured in conventional media for 5-7 days. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The adhesion ability of fibroblasts was tested after UVA irradiation. And both the cell culture medium and the UVA dose were optimized to help fibroblasts surviving a 7-day culture period without cell subculture and to establishing an improved cellular photoaging model. Finally, senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection with the fluorescent redox probe dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA), and Western blot analysis were performed to compare the improved model with the classical model. RESULTS: UVA exposure induced a significant decrease in the adhesion ability of fibroblasts, and thus implied that cell passaging might be a screen pressure against the photodamaged cells. And fibroblasts incubated in the medium supplemented with 1% fetal calf serum could survive the 7-day culture period without cell subculture and tolerate UVA irradiation up to a dose of 5.8 J/cm daily for 7 days. No significant differences were found between the improved model and the classical model in intracellular ROS production; however, our model demonstrated a significantly higher percentage of senescence-associated β-galactosidase positive cells. Moreover, both p53 and p21 were up-regulated in our model, while in the classical model only p21 was up-regulated. CONCLUSION: An improved cellular photoaging model was established, which seems to be more suitable than the classical model for elucidating the underlying molecular mechanisms of skin photoaging.
Skin Res Technol
· 2025 Dec · PMID 41384642
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BACKGROUND: Plantar warts are among the most common skin lesions caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV) and are highly resistant to treatment. Obesity is a well-established factor for skin disease, yet few studies have...BACKGROUND: Plantar warts are among the most common skin lesions caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV) and are highly resistant to treatment. Obesity is a well-established factor for skin disease, yet few studies have focused on its association with plantar warts. This study aimed to describe the clinical characteristics of plantar warts and their relationship with body mass index (BMI). METHODS: This retrospective case series included patients with plantar warts treated at the dermatology department of the Third People's Hospital of Hangzhou between May 2023 and March 2025. An electronic medical record system was used to collect participants' demographic and clinical data. Dermoscopy was used to evaluate wart dermatological features, focusing on two key aspects: vascularity and surface patterns. Patients were categorized into two groups based on BMI: BMI ≥ 24.0 kg/m and BMI < 24.0 kg/m, to compare their dermatological characteristics. RESULTS: A total of 262 patients with plantar warts were included in the study (average age: 37 ± 12.75 years), with more females (55.73%) than males (44.27%). Most plantar warts were single lesions (66%) and appeared predominantly on the soles (49%) and toes (29%). Dermoscopically, the majority exhibited dotted blood vessels (79%) and a yellow or brown color, both for the background (74%) and surface pattern (68%). Among the 262 patients, 90 were in the BMI ≥ 24.0 kg/m group (34.25%), and 172 were in the BMI < 24.0 kg/m group (65.65%). Compared to the BMI< 24 kg/m group, the BMI≥24 kg/m group had a significantly higher proportion of males (61.11% vs. 35.47%, p < 0.001), frogspawn (35.56% vs. 19.77%, p = 0.012), and papilliform patterns (7.78% vs. 5.81%). No statistically significant differences were observed in age, number of warts, location, background color, and vascular characteristics between the two groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This case series demonstrate the utility of dermoscopy as a non-invasive and cost-effective tool for identifying and characterizing the features of plantar warts. Our descriptive findings revealed variations in the dermoscopic patterns of plantar warts across different BMI categories. Our findings offer preliminary insights into the clinical presentation of plantar warts, paving the way for future studies with more robust design and statistical analysis.