European Archives Of Psychiatry And Clinical Neuroscience[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Workplace violence against mental health professionals in Italy: a nationwide survey on prevalence and risk perception.
Granata N, Gesi C, Fagiolini A … +3 more , Migliarese G, Rocchetti M, Cerveri G
Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci · 2026 Jun · PMID 41824035 · Full text
Workplace violence in healthcare, particularly within mental health settings, is a growing global concern, associated with significant impairment on professionals’ well-being and working performance. This survey aimed to...
Workplace violence in healthcare, particularly within mental health settings, is a growing global concern, associated with significant impairment on professionals’ well-being and working performance. This survey aimed to analyze the incidence of physical and verbal aggression against Mental Health Workers (MHWs) across Italy and its impact on their perceived sense of security. A total of 2704 MHWs participated in an online survey conducted in May 2023. The results revealed that 45.9% of respondents had experienced physical aggression in the previous two y.ears, with 26% being assaulted multiple times. 67.8% reported verbal threats in the last three months, multiple times in 46.9% of the sample. Inpatient psychiatric services were identified as the highest-risk environments for violence, with psychiatrists and nurses being the most affected professional groups. The study also found that male MHWs experienced higher rates of physical aggression, while older age slightly reduced the risk of violence. Finally, previous exposure to violence strongly correlated with increased feelings of insecurity at work. The findings highlight the urgent need for systemic interventions, including improved safety protocols, design for safer workplace environments, continuous training, and mental health support to mitigate the psychological and professional burden on MHWs, and ensure a safer, more supportive working environment.
Effects of dance movement therapy and other dance-related interventions on depressive symptoms: a meta-analysis of evidence in the past decade.
Xing Z
Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci · 2026 Jun · PMID 41824034 · Full text
Depression represents a leading global health challenge, with increasing demand for effective non-pharmacological interventions. Dance movement therapy (DMT) and other dance-based approaches have emerged as promising str...
Depression represents a leading global health challenge, with increasing demand for effective non-pharmacological interventions. Dance movement therapy (DMT) and other dance-based approaches have emerged as promising strategies for alleviating depressive symptoms, yet comprehensive synthesis of their efficacy remains limited. This meta-analysis evaluated the effects of DMT and other dance interventions on depressive symptoms across populations studied to date, while examining potential moderators including intervention type, duration, and comorbidities. Following PRISMA guidelines, we systematically reviewed 19 randomized controlled trials (RCTs; total n = 1,375 participants) published between 2014 and 2024. Studies were identified through searches of PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and other major databases. Although eligibility criteria were designed to include both clinically diagnosed depression and subthreshold depressive symptoms, the included studies predominantly involved non-hospitalized individuals with elevated depressive symptoms assessed using self-report measures. Risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane criteria, and data were analyzed using random-effects models. Dance-based interventions were associated with a significant reduction in depressive symptoms (p < 0.001). Results showed comparable significant effects for DMT and other dance forms. Significant improvements were found in adult populations studied to date (18 ≤ age < 50: p < 0.001; age ≥ 50: p < 0.001), but not among adolescents. Moderate-duration interventions (4–12 weeks) demonstrated the most consistent effects. Benefits were observed in participants with comorbid chronic pain (p < 0.001) and mild cognitive impairment (p < 0.05), but not Parkinson’s disease. These findings suggest that dance-based interventions may represent an accessible and multimodal approach for reducing depressive symptoms in predominantly community-based adult populations. Future research should address methodological limitations, improve population diversity, and further clarify applicability to adolescents and clinically diagnosed populations.
Global burden of mental disorders among women of child-bearing age, 1990-2021, with projections to 2050.
Wang M, Wang C, Xiao C … +4 more , Li S, Fu B, Xu J, Chen J
Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci · 2026 Mar · PMID 41817716 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Mental disorders are a major and evolving contributor to morbidity among women of child-bearing age (WCBA). However, long-term trends, geographic inequalities, and the future burden in this population remain...
BACKGROUND: Mental disorders are a major and evolving contributor to morbidity among women of child-bearing age (WCBA). However, long-term trends, geographic inequalities, and the future burden in this population remain incompletely characterised. We quantified the burden of mental disorders among WCBA (15–49 years) from 1990 to 2021 and projected trends to 2050. METHODS: We assessed the burden of 10 mental disorder categories among WCBA aged 15–49 years in 204 countries and territories using GBD 2021, including 9 specified mental disorders and a residual category (“other mental disorders”). We analysed prevalence and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) as numbers and age-standardised rates (ASPR and ASDR). A Bayesian age–period–cohort model was used to generate projections through 2050. RESULTS: Overall, ASPR and ASDR declined from 1990 to 2019; compared with the pre-pandemic baseline in 2019, both indicators were higher in 2020–2021. Age-specific prevalence generally increased with age and peaked at 40–44 years, although patterns differed by disorder category. At the national level, Greenland and Portugal had the highest ASPR and ASDR, whereas Vietnam had the lowest prevalence and North Korea had the lowest DALYs. Across the 21 GBD regions, higher SDI was associated with higher ASPR and ASDR, with marked regional heterogeneity. Projections suggested that the burden of mental disorders among WCBA will increase through 2050, largely driven by anxiety and depressive disorders. CONCLUSIONS: The burden of mental disorders among WCBA remains substantial and is projected to rise through 2050, with increases during 2020–2021 relative to the 2019 baseline. These findings underscore the need for context-specific strategies that strengthen surveillance and expand accessible prevention and care—particularly for anxiety and depressive disorders—across diverse sociodemographic settings.
Self-criticism alleviation is associated with depression improvement after a short-term pharmaceutical treatment.
Xu C, Lu W, Zheng Y … +10 more , Chen S, Xiang Y, Tan C, Xu X, Zheng L, Cong P, Feng J, Xu S, Zhang J, Pu W
Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci · 2026 Mar · PMID 41811509 · Publisher ↗
This study employed the Self-Criticism Activation and Recall Task (SCART) to investigate the characteristics of self-criticism in first-episode, medication-naive patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and to explo...
This study employed the Self-Criticism Activation and Recall Task (SCART) to investigate the characteristics of self-criticism in first-episode, medication-naive patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and to explore the effects of 8-week antidepressant treatment on self-criticism and its longitudinal relationship with clinical symptom improvement. The findings revealed that MDD patients exhibited significantly higher self-criticism levels at baseline compared to healthy controls, with this characteristic manifesting in both cognitive and behavioral domains. Following eight weeks of pharmacotherapy, patients’ self-criticism levels significantly decreased, showing a positive correlation with depressive symptom remission. Further analyses revealed that the self-criticism improved group (defined by ≥ 50% self-criticism improvement) showed greater depression remission. The findings demonstrate that pharmacotherapy not only alleviate depression symptoms, but also self-criticism maladaptive cognition in MDD patients. Importantly, we suggest that self-criticism alleviated by pharmacotherapy is associated with depression improvement. These findings not only establish self-criticism as a core pathogenic mechanism in MDD but also provide a mechanistic framework for understanding antidepressant efficacy. Further exploration of the heterogeneity of medication-induced improvements in self-criticism is strongly warranted.
Genetic evidence for the associations of sleep patterns with cognitive function in older adults: insights from polygenic scores in the Taiwan biobank.
Wu CS, Lin MC, Cheng CF … +4 more , Liao SF, Su MH, Pan YJ, Wang SH
Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci · 2026 Mar · PMID 41801361 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Sleep traits have been linked to cognitive aging, but observational associations are susceptible to confounding and reverse causation. Using genetically informed polygenic risk scores (PRSs), this study exami...
BACKGROUND: Sleep traits have been linked to cognitive aging, but observational associations are susceptible to confounding and reverse causation. Using genetically informed polygenic risk scores (PRSs), this study examined associations between genetic liability to sleep traits and cognitive function in an East Asian population. We further assessed whether educational attainment, as a marker of cognitive reserve, modifies these associations. METHODS: Participants aged ≥ 60 years from the Taiwan Biobank underwent cognitive assessment using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) at baseline (n = 27,343) and follow-up (n = 6,273; mean follow-up = 3.9 years). PRSs for chronotype, sleep duration, long sleep, short sleep, insomnia, and daytime napping were constructed. Associations with baseline MMSE and longitudinal MMSE change were evaluated, and PRS × education interactions were tested. RESULTS: Higher PRSs for early chronotype, longer sleep duration, and long sleep (> 8 h) were associated with lower baseline MMSE scores (β range per SD increase: -0.05 to - 0.03), but were not associated with MMSE change over follow-up. A significant interaction was observed between long-sleep PRS and education for MMSE change (p for interaction = 0.0008), with greater decline among individuals with lower educational attainment. In contrast, no association was observed in higher-education groups. CONCLUSIONS: Genetic liability to early chronotype and long sleep duration is associated with lower late-life cognitive performance, primarily reflecting differences in baseline cognitive status rather than short-term cognitive decline. Higher educational attainment may mitigate cognitive vulnerability associated with genetic predisposition to long sleep, consistent with a cognitive-reserve framework.
Advancing the understanding of psychosis: integrating trauma, substance use, and neurobiological evidence.
Adorjan K
Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci · 2026 Apr · PMID 41793467 · Publisher ↗
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The causal relationships between childhood-onset asthma and major mental disorders: an MR study.
He Z, Chen B, Xue M … +1 more , Deng Q
Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci · 2026 Jun · PMID 41784660 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: Childhood-onset asthma is associated with an increased risk of severe mental illnesses later in life. However, the causal relationship between childhood-onset asthma and major mental disorders remains unclear. M...
PURPOSE: Childhood-onset asthma is associated with an increased risk of severe mental illnesses later in life. However, the causal relationship between childhood-onset asthma and major mental disorders remains unclear. METHODS: A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was conducted to investigate the causal effects of childhood-onset asthma (n = 327,670) on six major mental illnesses, including major depressive disorder (n = 143,265), bipolar disorder (n = 353,899), schizophrenia (n = 130,644), anxiety (n = 10,240), autism (n = 46,350), and ADHD (n = 225,534), using summary statistics of genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method, along with the weighted median and the MR-Egger method, was employed to obtain causal estimates. Multiple sensitivity analyses were conducted to examine the robustness of the estimates. Additionally, the direct effects of childhood-onset asthma on mental disorders after accounting for the effects of adult-onset asthma were evaluated through the multivariable MR (MVMR) analysis. To eliminate potential reverse causality, a reverse MR analysis was conducted, treating mental disorders as the exposure and childhood-onset asthma as the outcome. RESULTS: Genetically determined, childhood-onset asthma was significantly associated with an increased risk of depression (IVW OR = 1.059, 95% CI: 1.025-1.095, p = 5.72e-04) and bipolar disorder (IVW OR = 1.065, 95% CI: 1.027- 0.105, p = 6.75e-04). However, it was not associated with other mental disorders. Further MVMR analysis indicated that the causal relationships remained significant after accounting for adult-onset asthma. Interestingly, childhood- and adult-onset asthma exerted distinct causal effects on depression and bipolar disorder. Reverse MR analysis revealed no causal relationships between the six assessed mental disorders and either childhood-onset asthma or the age of asthma onset. CONCLUSIONS: The MR analysis revealed a significant causal relationship between genetically determined, childhood-onset asthma and an elevated risk of depression and bipolar disorder later in life. The causal effects of childhood-onset asthma were distinct from those of adult-onset asthma. Further studies are warranted to investigate the underlying mechanisms of these causal relationships.
Electroconvulsive therapy induces rapid microstructural and macrostructural changes, but microstructural changes are longer-lasting.
Verdijk JPAJ, Pottkämper JCM, Ten Doesschate F … +9 more , van de Mortel LA, Stuiver S, Oltedal L, Lucassen PJ, Verwijk E, van Putten MJAM, Hofmeijer J, van Wingen G, van Waarde JA
Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci · 2026 Jun · PMID 41770312 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective treatment for major depressive episodes, though its mechanisms remain unclear. Its use is limited by stigma and potential cognitive side-effects. Repeated magne...
BACKGROUND: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective treatment for major depressive episodes, though its mechanisms remain unclear. Its use is limited by stigma and potential cognitive side-effects. Repeated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may provide further insights into brain changes related to ECT’s efficacy and cognitive outcomes. METHODS: We analyzed cognitive, efficacy, and MRI data from depressed patients undergoing ECT in two prospective longitudinal trials (NCT04028596, NL-OMON43040), using 26 matched healthy controls (2020-BC-12375) to control for test-retest effects. All participants were scanned on the same MRI system. Structural and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) scans were acquired at baseline, after the initial ECT sessions, within two weeks post-treatment, and at three-month follow-up. Linear and nonlinear changes in grey matter (GM) volume, white matter (WM) volume, mean diffusivity (MD), and fractional anisotropy (FA) were assessed. Early brain changes were examined in relation to clinical outcomes. RESULTS: After the 3rd ECT session (n = 19), subcortical GM volume increased with a right-lateralized MD decrease. Two weeks post-ECT (n = 30), cortical GM volume increased, returning to baseline by three months. In WM, MD increased linearly post-ECT and remained elevated at follow-up, with no widespread FA changes (n = 30). ECT transiently impaired verbal learning (n = 23, pbonferroni = 0.04), letter fluency (n = 22, pbonferroni = 0.04), and animal fluency (n = 62, pbonferroni = 0.02). Early brain changes were not associated with cognitive or efficacy outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that ECT induces rapid changes in brain macrostructure and microstructure. While macrostructural increases are temporary, microstructural changes in brain structure are longer-lasting.
Causal relationship between mental illness and venous thromboembolism: a Mendelian randomization study.
Jin D, Yu C, Jiang Y … +7 more , Zhou Y, Zheng H, Yang X, Chen Y, Bi P, Yu D, Zeng J
Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci · 2026 Jun · PMID 41733664 · Publisher ↗
Previous findings on the relationship between mental disorders and venous thromboembolism (VTE) are controversial, and the precise causal relationship remains unclear. This study investigated the association between ment...
Previous findings on the relationship between mental disorders and venous thromboembolism (VTE) are controversial, and the precise causal relationship remains unclear. This study investigated the association between mental disorders and VTE based on the analysis of pooled data from large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Mendelian randomization (MR) was used to assess the causal relationships between bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and VTE, with inverse variance weighting (IVW) as the primary statistical method. Furthermore, the F-statistic checks instrument stability; Cochran’s Q assesses heterogeneity; and the weighted median, MR-Egger, and leave-one-out methods were applied to evaluate sensitivity and pleiotropy. We found that genetically predicted bipolar disorder was significantly associated with VTE (IVW: odds ratio [OR] = 0.833, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.704–0.985, P = 0.032). In addition, MR using the IVW method revealed a significant association between schizophrenia and VTE (IVW: OR = 0.917, 95% CI 0.869–0.9685, P = 0.002). Complementary MR methods and sensitivity analyses further confirmed the reliability of the MR findings. Overall, the results of this study demonstrated the causal relationship among bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and VTE. Further research is essential to validate these findings and elucidate their causal mechanisms.
School-based physical activity interventions for mental health promotion and mental disease prevention in children and adolescents in high-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Ditzen-Janotta C, Schwarz S, Wendel F … +9 more , Kunzler AM, Schoenweger P, Kirschneck M, Merkel L, Movsisyan A, Weber M, Rehfuess E, Coenen M, Jung-Sievers C
Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci · 2026 Jun · PMID 41721841 · Publisher ↗
This systematic review evaluates the effectiveness of school-based physical activity (PA) interventions in mental health promotion and mental disease prevention among children and adolescents in high-income countries. Ad...
This systematic review evaluates the effectiveness of school-based physical activity (PA) interventions in mental health promotion and mental disease prevention among children and adolescents in high-income countries. Adhering to the PRISMA guidelines, an electronic database search was conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO and PubMed, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs), including cluster-RCTs, published between January 2014 and June 2025. We included studies of any universal school-based intervention that aimed to promote mental health or prevent mental disease through increasing all kinds of PA and reducing sedentary behaviour. Title/abstract and full text screening was carried out independently and in duplicate based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The search identified 1131 unique records, of which 25 studies were finally included in the systematic review. Out of those, 12 studies were identified reporting a positive effect of PA interventions on the mental health of children and adolescents. We performed meta-analyses of 19 studies reporting on symptoms of depression, anxiety, psychological difficulties, internalizing or externalizing problems, psychological well-being and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Only the meta-analysis of studies reporting on HRQoL provided very-low certainty evidence for a positive intervention effect (SMD 1.08, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.24 to 1.91). No significant intervention effect was found for other outcomes of interest. The certainty of evidence (according to GRADE) was very low for all but three of the assesed outcomes due to high risk of bias in the included studies and the considerable heterogeneity between studies. To improve the detectability of mental health benefits of universal PA interventions in schools in replication studies, high-quality study designs, coordinated outcome instruments and longer follow-up periods are needed.
Management of insomnia in inpatient psychiatric care: a clinical practice evaluation.
Schneider CL, Anselin M, Hertenstein E … +9 more , Monari S, Mikutta C, Angelillo M, Richard-Lepouriel H, Soldati L, Kosel M, Marini V, Cordera P, Nissen C
Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci · 2026 Jun · PMID 41706162 · Publisher ↗
Mental disorders are the leading cause of reduced quality of life due to illness worldwide. Most patients with mental disorders report difficulties initiating or maintaining sleep (insomnia). Current guidelines recommend...
Mental disorders are the leading cause of reduced quality of life due to illness worldwide. Most patients with mental disorders report difficulties initiating or maintaining sleep (insomnia). Current guidelines recommend cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) as the first-line treatment, including for patients with comorbid mental disorders. Particularly, data on the management of insomnia in inpatient psychiatric care remain scarce. This clinical practice evaluation examined the management of insomnia in inpatient psychiatric care through two complementary approaches. The project comprised a survey on insomnia management in 80 mental health professionals and data extraction of nighttime medication from 245 inpatients. Reports from the survey indicate that 95% of mental health professionals regularly care for patients with insomnia. 56% correctly identified CBT-I and 48% incorrectly identified benzodiazepines or benzodiazepine-receptor agonists as the first-line treatment for insomnia. 65% reported that CBT-I is not or rarely offered. The main reported challenges to implementing CBT-I were limited knowledge about CBT-I, patient expectations for pharmacological treatment, and time constraints in clinical practice. Data extracted from 245 patient records indicated that 40% of the patients took benzodiazepines, 9% melatonin, 7% benzodiazepine receptor agonists, 5% clomethiazole, 4% antihistamines, and 2% phytotherapy. The results indicate that insomnia is a prevalent health problem in inpatient psychiatric care. Implementation of CBT-I or adaptations remains insufficient, and treatment with hypnotics is common. Future work is needed to further adapt and test CBT-I in inpatient psychiatric care to improve sleep and health.
Digital social contacts predict reduced loneliness in chronic depression: an exploratory longitudinal study.
Wolf J, Padberg F, Cronau A … +7 more , Wörz K, Kunz JI, Bach P, Goerigk S, Jobst A, Grosse-Wentrup F, Reinhard MA
Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci · 2026 Jun · PMID 41677826 · Full text
Social media use (SMU) is linked to loneliness and mental health. Yet its effects especially in severe and persistent mental disorders, such as chronic depression (CD), remain underinvestigated. Therefore, this observati...
Social media use (SMU) is linked to loneliness and mental health. Yet its effects especially in severe and persistent mental disorders, such as chronic depression (CD), remain underinvestigated. Therefore, this observational longitudinal study investigated how SMU patterns relate to loneliness in CD and whether rejection sensitivity moderates these associations. A total of 124 individuals with CD completed measures of loneliness, rejection sensitivity, social networks, and SMU at baseline and after 10 weeks. Baseline correlation analyses identified significant associations of greater digital contacts and lower loneliness (r = − .33, p < .001). Moderated regression controlling for offline contacts revealed that more frequent digital contacts predicted reduced loneliness over time among participants with high baseline loneliness (β = − 0.23, p = .026). Preliminary data implies that this effect may further be moderated by rejection sensitivity. The absence of significant effects in the reverse prediction model supports directional inference. While necessitating replication, these findings suggest that contact-oriented SMU may buffer loneliness in CD beyond offline contacts and emphasize the relevance of addressing digital behavior in clinical care.
Adverse childhood experiences and resting state functional connectivity of the triple brain network: a meta-analysis.
Giordano GM, Cattarinussi G, Lawrence A … +8 more , Amasi-Hartoonian N, Kretzer S, Ma X, Pollard R, Vallée C, Mucci A, Galderisi S, Dazzan P
Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci · 2026 Jun · PMID 41677825 · Full text
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), which include potentially traumatic events occurring during childhood, have been found to be associated with alterations in resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) within large...
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), which include potentially traumatic events occurring during childhood, have been found to be associated with alterations in resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) within large brain networks, such as the Salience (SN), Default Mode (DMN), and Central Executive (CEN) Networks. While alterations in these networks may increase vulnerability to mental health disorders, existing data are inconsistent as to the neural pathways affected and the type of connectivity pattern associated with adversity (hyper- or hypoconnectivity). These inconsistencies could be due to methodological differences across studies, to the selection of different target regions of interest (ROIs), or to the use of ROI-to-ROI approaches that could overlook broader effects at the whole-brain level. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis of rs-FC seed-to-whole brain studies using the Seed-based d Mapping software to investigate patterns of rs-FC aberrations specifically associated with ACEs. Out of 12 identified studies, eight were included in the meta-analysis, comprising 289 individuals positive for ACEs and 301 controls. The analysis showed that individuals positive for ACEs, compared to controls, present a pattern of hypoconnectivity centred within the SN, between SN and DMN integrative hubs, and between DMN and CEN. Such disruptions, potentially resulting from prolonged or excessive activity of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis, might affect emotion regulation, fear conditioning, memory and affective learning processing, goal-directed behavior, and cognitive control, and increase vulnerability to mental health disorders. Future research should focus on more homogeneous populations and larger samples, to truly advance our understanding of the biological mechanisms underlying ACEs-related brain connectivity disruptions.
A comparative temporal network analysis of individuals with ADHD symptoms: an examination of the relationship between psychotic-like experiences and related factors using the Experience Sampling Method (ESM).
Gelner H, Bagrowska P, Misiak B … +2 more , Samochowiec J, Gawęda Ł
Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci · 2026 Jun · PMID 41677824 · Publisher ↗
Psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) refer to hallucination-like (HLEs) or delusion-like (DLEs) experiences defined as subclinical phenomena located at the lower end of the psychosis continuum. PLEs etiology includes neurod...
Psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) refer to hallucination-like (HLEs) or delusion-like (DLEs) experiences defined as subclinical phenomena located at the lower end of the psychosis continuum. PLEs etiology includes neurodevelopmental changes, maladaptive coping styles, exposure to negative emotions, and stress. These factors frequently co-occur in individuals with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symptoms, considered a risk factor for PLEs. A total of 188 participants from the general population completed the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) questionnaire and participated in a seven-day ESM procedure. Participants were divided into High and Low ADHD groups based on self-report symptom severity scale. Saliva samples were collected to determine cortisol levels. A temporal network analysis was used to analyze targeted associations, and permutation testing to compare the differences between the groups. In the H_ADHD group, cortisol was a stronger predictor of threat anticipation (TA) than in the L_ADHD group, and DLEs were strongly associated with TA. In the L_ADHD group, HLEs had a stronger relationship with ruminations and TA than in the H_ADHD group. In both groups, negative affect (NA) was the strongest predictor of ruminations. Out-strength analysis revealed that in the H_ADHD group, DLEs exhibited the strongest predictive function on other variables, while in the L_ADHD group, it was NA. Cortisol level was associated with an increase in TA exclusively in the H_ADHD group, meanwhile in the L_ADHD with subsequent alcohol consumption. The study highlights the different temporal dynamics between factors in individuals with high/low ADHD symptomatology in a non-clinical sample. Interventions for individuals with ADHD should prioritize NA as a central element, focusing on adaptive emotion and stress regulation.
Therapeutic effects of psilocybin in major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis exploring dose effects.
He Z, Wang Y, Chen J … +4 more , Cheng J, Feng Y, Niu S, Yan J
Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci · 2026 Jun · PMID 41677823 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Several recent trials indicate positive effects of psilocybin in patients with major depressive disorder. However, questions need to be addressed regarding the relationship between dosage and therapeutic outc...
BACKGROUND: Several recent trials indicate positive effects of psilocybin in patients with major depressive disorder. However, questions need to be addressed regarding the relationship between dosage and therapeutic outcomes, such as the recommended dose range and frequency for optimal practice as well as the dose-dependent adverse effects. OBJECTIVE: (1) to assess the effectiveness and tolerability of psilocybin on major depression; (2) to explore a suitable dosing regimen for psilocybin treatment concerning both dose and frequency. METHODS: Four databases (Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Pubmed, Web of Science) were searched up to February 23, 2024, to include primary studies evaluating the use of psilocybin in adults presenting major depressive disorder. All primary studies evaluating psilocybin in adults diagnosed with MDD were included. Case series, animal research, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews were excluded. The primary outcomes assessed were changes in depression scores, response rates, remission rates, and safety and tolerability profiles. Two reviewers performed study selection and data extraction independently based on the prepared criteria. The quality and potential risk of bias in each trial were evaluated using criteria outlined in the Cochrane Handbook. The review was registered in the PROSPERO (CRD420251115865). RESULTS: Seven trials including 464 participants were identified (one meeting abstract included). The overall quality of included trials is moderate, as assessed with Cochrane Handbook. Psilocybin presented significant effects in treating major depression with safety and tolerability. In a certain range, the higher dose and frequency resulted in a better effect. Our findings indicate the dose regimen of 35-50 mg/70kg and double-dosing may be a promising dosing strategy. CONCLUSION: The results support the potential application of psilocybin for treating major depressive disorder. Given that the included trials are limited by small sample sizes and short follow-up periods, further clinical studies with longer follow-up periods are needed to fully assess the efficacy and safety of high-dose psilocybin.
Association between unhealthy lifestyles and young-onset dementia: a nationwide cohort study.
Choi S, Choi Y, Cheon DY … +3 more , Lim JS, Han KD, Lee M
Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci · 2026 Feb · PMID 41677822 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: The link between clusters of unhealthy lifestyle behaviors and the risk of young-onset dementia remains unclear. This study aimed to assess the impact of multiple unhealthy lifestyle behaviors on the risk of...
OBJECTIVES: The link between clusters of unhealthy lifestyle behaviors and the risk of young-onset dementia remains unclear. This study aimed to assess the impact of multiple unhealthy lifestyle behaviors on the risk of developing young-onset dementia, including all-cause dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, and vascular dementia. METHODS: We analyzed nationwide Korean National Health Insurance Service data from individuals aged 40–60 years who underwent health screening in 2009 and were followed until 2018 or age 65. The Unhealthy Lifestyle Behavior Score (ULBS) was derived from smoking, heavy drinking, and non-regular exercise (physical inactivity). Outcomes included all-cause young-onset dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, and vascular dementia. RESULTS: The study included 1,979,509 patients (average age 49.05 ± 5.96, 51.27% male), with distribution across ULBS categories as follows: 14.5% ULBS 0, 62.3% ULBS 1, 19.5% ULBS 2, and 3.7% ULBS 3. After adjusting for multiple variables, patients with ULBS 1, 2, and 3 showed a significantly increased risk of all-cause young-onset dementia compared to those with ULBS 0 in a dose-response relationship. (Adjusted hazard ratio [95% CI]: 1.147 [1.077–1.221], 1.486 [1.376–1.604], and 1.909 [1.704–2.138], respectively). INTERPRETATION: The accumulation of unhealthy lifestyle behaviors is significantly linked to a higher risk of all-cause young-onset dementia. These findings underscore the importance of promoting healthy lifestyle choices to mitigate the risk of developing young-onset dementia.
Neural correlates of altered interoception in depressive and anxiety disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Bednarek L, Harrison BJ, Davey CG … +2 more , Steward T, Jamieson AJ
Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci · 2026 Jun · PMID 41653309 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Interoceptive dysfunction, the impaired sensing and interpretation of internal bodily states, has emerged as a potential transdiagnostic feature across several psychiatric conditions, particularly depressive...
BACKGROUND: Interoceptive dysfunction, the impaired sensing and interpretation of internal bodily states, has emerged as a potential transdiagnostic feature across several psychiatric conditions, particularly depressive and anxiety disorders. Despite their high comorbidity, it remains unclear whether these conditions are associated with similar or distinct alterations in brain regions underlying this process. To clarify this, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies examining interoceptive processing in depressive and anxiety disorders. METHODS: Using a pre-registered protocol (registration number: CRD42024579900), we conducted systematic searches across five databases: PsycINFO, EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Our initial search yielded 315 unique studies. After applying our inclusion criteria, we identified 11 relevant studies with a total of 659 participants (269 healthy controls and 390 clinical participants). RESULTS: Our systematic review and meta-analysis revealed significantly reduced activation in the right dorsal mid-insula and left posterior insula during interoceptive tasks in individuals with major depressive disorder. Interestingly, no significant effects were observed for anxiety disorders or the combined sample compared with healthy controls. Qualitative synthesis suggested potential insula hyperactivation in anxiety, aligning with theories of interoceptive hypervigilance. CONCLUSION: These findings support models of allostatic dysfunction in depressive and anxiety disorders, highlighting the insula’s role in interpreting bodily signals. Clinically, this underscores the potential of interoception-focused interventions to recalibrate insula processing and alleviate symptoms. Further research in anxiety disorders with reduced methodological heterogeneity would aid in clarifying the effects suggested by the qualitative synthesis.
Aberrant fronto-limbic network in adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a multimodal MRI study using parallel ICA.
He J, Li J, Pei H … +4 more , Benhouhou I, He Z, Gu L, Tang J
Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci · 2026 Jun · PMID 41653308 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent neurodevelopmental conditions in children and adolescents, characterized as inattentive, impulsive, and hyperactive. Numerous magne...
BACKGROUND: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent neurodevelopmental conditions in children and adolescents, characterized as inattentive, impulsive, and hyperactive. Numerous magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have revealed atypical brain function and structure in ADHD, and multimodal MRI studies contribute to a better understanding of the neurobiological underpinnings of ADHD. METHODS: The demographic and clinical information and the structural and functional MRI scans used in this study were all obtained from the New York University Child Study Center site of the ADHD-200 database. Forty-eight typically developing children (TDC) and 87 boys with ADHD were included. Parallel independent component analysis (pICA) was performed to the fusion of fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) and gray matter volume (GMV). RESULT: We found two correlated component pairs, containing the anterior cingulate cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, and amygdala. Based on the spatial patterns of both functional and structural components, both IC pairs were classified as representing the fronto-limbic network. One component pair showed significant group differences in loading coefficients between the ADHD and TDC groups. However, no correlations between structural or functional alterations and symptom or cognitive function were observed. CONCLUSION: Using parallel ICA, we identified two correlated IC pairs involving regions of the fronto-limbic network across all participants, suggesting structure-function coupling within this network during adolescence. One of these IC pairs showed significant group differences in loading coefficients between ADHD and TDC participants, indicating a partial disruption of fronto-limbic structure-function integration in the ADHD group. Future studies should examine the link between these alterations and specific symptom dimensions.
Correction: Low-dose paliperidone combined with sertraline for first-episode and medication-naïve patients with schizophrenia: an open-label, randomized trial.
Lin Z, Guan X, Lang X … +2 more , Xiu M, Wu F
Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci · 2026 Jun · PMID 41636821 · Publisher ↗
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Relapse in alcohol dependence is characterized by disrupted modular brain network organization.
Böhmer J, Marxen M, Veer IM … +9 more , Garbusow M, Bottino M, Zimmermann US, Smolka MN, Heinz A, Friedel E, Heim C, Kruschwitz JD, Walter H
Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci · 2026 Jun · PMID 41603908 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Patients suffering from alcohol dependence (AD) experience high relapse rates. Prior studies investigating the organization of resting-state functional connectivity networks in AD using graph theory typically...
BACKGROUND: Patients suffering from alcohol dependence (AD) experience high relapse rates. Prior studies investigating the organization of resting-state functional connectivity networks in AD using graph theory typically focused on alterations of the whole network (macroscale) or on aberrations of single brain regions (microscale). However, little is known about the complex dynamics and interactions among different brain regions and neural systems, i.e. the network organization at mesoscale. METHODS: To investigate mesoscale network alterations, we applied a data-driven community detection algorithm to identify the modular structure of functional brain networks and assess its association with relapse over a 12-month follow-up period in alcohol-dependent patients (relapsers, REL, n = 59; abstainers, ABS, n = 28) and age- and sex-matched controls (CON, n = 83). RESULTS: Our results reveal differences in the modular organization in REL, marked by a fragmentation and reorganization of major functional modules. Across individuals, functional modules of REL exhibited higher modular variability, particularly in brain regions associated with behavioral and emotional regulatory processes. Conversely, prefrontal reward-related brain regions were more central for inter-module communication in REL, emerging as functional brain hubs. Furthermore, higher overall modular variability significantly predicted time to relapse during follow-up. CONCLUSION: Collectively, our results shed light on potential neural substrates of relapse risk in alcohol dependence, which may foster the development of targeted interventions to promote sustained abstinence.
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