Vandenbos F, Petit F, Durant ML
… +1 more, Risso K
Rev Mal Respir
· 2026 May · PMID 41456970
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INTRODUCTION: Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in children under 18 years of age is a mandatorily notifiable condition for which tuberculosis preventive treatment (TPT) is recommended. However, the comprehensiveness...INTRODUCTION: Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in children under 18 years of age is a mandatorily notifiable condition for which tuberculosis preventive treatment (TPT) is recommended. However, the comprehensiveness of TPT has yet to be extensively analyzed. We report on the experience of the Alpes-Maritimes Tuberculosis Control Center. OBSERVATION: In 2023 and 2024 in the Alpes-Maritimes department, 284 LTBIs in children under 18 years of age were detected and reported. LTBI was linked to the screening of unaccompanied minor migrants (UMMs) (256 children), to an investigation on the case of a tuberculosis patient (20 children), and to the screening of minor migrants accompanied by their parents (eight children). The median age and sex ratio (M/F) differed between the UMM group and the "case investigation" and "accompanied minors" groups, with respectively 16 years and 9.7 for the UMMs, 11 years and 0.8 for the "case investigation" group, and 12 years and 0.6 for the "accompanied minors" group (P<0.05). TPT completeness was 54% in the UMMs, and 100% in the other two groups (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: TPT comprehensiveness was high among minors who were surrounded by their parents, but less satisfactory among UMMs.
Dury S, Mulette P, Vivien A
… +9 more, Yucel-Farcet H, Longueville E, Boutahir A, Ravoninjatovo B, Deforge A, Griffon M, Deschamps F, Deslée G, Ancel J
Rev Mal Respir
· 2026 May · PMID 41455664
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INTRODUCTION: The complications associated with cystic fibrosis and the daily management of the disease can have significant social, familial, and professional repercussions. The objective of this study was to assess adu...INTRODUCTION: The complications associated with cystic fibrosis and the daily management of the disease can have significant social, familial, and professional repercussions. The objective of this study was to assess adult patients' knowledge regarding their rights and social support options, along with their access to social care. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between May 2021 and December 2023, we conducted a prospective monocentric study at the University Hospital of Reims, including adult patients diagnosed with cystic fibrosis. A questionnaire assessing their knowledge in this area was utilized. RESULTS: The analysis included 61 patients (64% male; mean age: 29.2 years). In 73% of cases, patients reported being assisted by their social circle in managing administrative tasks. Information sources were diverse, and most patients had already met with a social worker. While the quality of information received was generally rated as good, one-third of the participants felt that the topic of social support was insufficiently addressed. Ten patients were unaware of their being enrolled in the long-term illness coverage program. Half of patients were receiving adult disability benefits. CONCLUSION: Adult patients often rely on their social support network for the performance of administrative and social tasks. Improved information on social benefits and the organization of specifically targeted workshops are desired by patients.
Gerard A, Manni S, Risso K
… +3 more, Viard D, Vassallo M, Vandenbos F
Rev Mal Respir
· 2026 May · PMID 41412876
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INTRODUCTION: Active tuberculosis disease (ATB) remains feared in patients treated with TNF inhibitors. For that reason, screening for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is currently performed before the start of treat...INTRODUCTION: Active tuberculosis disease (ATB) remains feared in patients treated with TNF inhibitors. For that reason, screening for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is currently performed before the start of treatment. Therapeutic patient education (TPE) should consequently help reduce the risk of infection during treatment. OBSERVATION: We report the case of a 19-year-old female patient hospitalized for disseminated tuberculosis. She had been treated for two years with adalimumab for Crohn's disease. Screening for LTBI had been performed before the initiation of anti-TNF treatment and was negative. Three months after returning from a four-month study trip to South Africa, the patient nevertheless developed disseminated tuberculosis and was repeatedly hospitalized. The disease was at once pulmonary, lymphatic, ocular, and splenic. Antituberculosis treatment consisted of quadruple therapy for two months followed by dual therapy for an additional 10 months. The patient was disabled for one year and suffered some radiological sequelae. CONCLUSION: Traveling to a country with high tuberculosis endemicity is a risk factor for ATB in patients undergoing anti-TNF therapy. Antibioprophylaxis may have been considered prior to the trip.
Rev Mal Respir
· 2026 May · PMID 41407606
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While the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has left a lasting impression, the long-term effects of this virus, such as persistent symptoms or long COVID, remain unclear. However, recommendations from learned societies for improving t...While the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has left a lasting impression, the long-term effects of this virus, such as persistent symptoms or long COVID, remain unclear. However, recommendations from learned societies for improving these symptoms exist and are being applied by a number of respiratory rehabilitation centers. In this paper, we provide a summary of the specificities of long COVID care in the context of respiratory rehabilitation, particularly as regards respiratory symptoms, fatigue, cognitive disorders, and cardiovascular symptoms and, more specifically, vegetative dysautonomia. The key elements of support are Therapeutic Patient Education (TPE) and activity management and fractionated exercise (PACING). While the effects of respiratory rehabilitation are highly promising, with potential improvement in symptoms and exercise capacity, the level of evidence remains low to moderate. Structured and coordinated multidisciplinary work is of paramount importance as a means of providing for these individuals the best possible support on their road to recovery. Further studies are needed to improve the level of evidence on the effectiveness of rehabilitation in cases of long COVID.
Rev Mal Respir
· 2025 Dec · PMID 41298154
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INTRODUCTION: As a key cytokine in inflammation and granuloma formation TNF-α plays a central role in several pulmonary diseases, including sarcoidosis, tuberculosis and the acute respiratory distress syndrome. Although...INTRODUCTION: As a key cytokine in inflammation and granuloma formation TNF-α plays a central role in several pulmonary diseases, including sarcoidosis, tuberculosis and the acute respiratory distress syndrome. Although widely used in treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases, anti-TNF-α biotherapies have few indications in pulmonology. STATE OF THE ART: In therapeutic trials, the efficacy of anti-TNF-α drugs in treating lung diseases has yet to be proven, and they are not currently recommended as first-line treatments. Possible immunization against the treatment could be counteracted by the addition of another immunosuppressant, particularly methotrexate. While anti-TNF-α drugs are associated with an increased risk of tuberculosis, discontinuing their administration in patients with tuberculosis could lead to paradoxical worsening, and the benefit-risk balance of resuming these treatments calls for debate. Lastly, occurrence of granulomatosis in a patient receiving anti-TNF-α therapy should raise the possibility of anti-TNF-α-induced granulomatosis, and the continuation of treatment should likewise be debated. PERSPECTIVES: The development of compounds selectively targeting the TNFR1 receptor could improve efficacy and reduce adverse effects. The criteria for discontinuing or continuing anti-TNF-α therapy entailing paradoxical reactions or induced granulomatosis require clarification. The conditions calling for systematic addition of methotrexate to prevent immunization likewise need to be determined. CONCLUSION: Although anti-TNF-α agents have transformed the treatment of inflammatory diseases, their place in pulmonology remains marginal. The development of targeted therapies could extend their use while minimizing side effects.
Wachinou P, Fiogbé A, Bara A
… +5 more, Loko H, Ade S, Agbedjinou H, Guendehou B, Agodokpessi G
Rev Mal Respir
· 2025 Dec · PMID 41206232
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INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to describe the profile of patients followed up for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and to identify factors associated with adherence to its treatment in a referral centre...INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to describe the profile of patients followed up for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and to identify factors associated with adherence to its treatment in a referral centre in Cotonou. METHOD: This is a retrospective cohort study at the National teaching hospital for tuberculosis and pulmonary diseases and included all patients followed for OSAS from July 2014 to December 2024. Data were collected from patient records. RESULTS: A total of 503 patients were included. They were predominantly male (64.1%) and overweight/obese (92.3%) with a mean age of 55.1±11.6 years. Hypertension was the main comorbidity (73.9%). OSAS was moderate to severe in 88.10% of the patients. Compliance was good to average in 70.30% of cases. The severity of OSAS was the only factor associated with good compliance with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment (ORa: 2.11, IC95%: 1.21-3.82, P=0.011). CONCLUSION: The majority of patients treated for OSAS in Cotonou were in their fifties, obese and hypertensive. The only factor associated with compliance with CPAP treatment was the severity of the OSAS.
Chahbi Z, Bigi S, Adnor S
… +2 more, Salek M, Wakrim S
Rev Mal Respir
· 2025 Dec · PMID 41173693
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INTRODUCTION: Interstitial lung abnormalities (ILAs) are incidental radiological findings characterized by lung parenchymal changes affecting at least 5% of the lung in asymptomatic individuals. The COVID-19 pandemic rai...INTRODUCTION: Interstitial lung abnormalities (ILAs) are incidental radiological findings characterized by lung parenchymal changes affecting at least 5% of the lung in asymptomatic individuals. The COVID-19 pandemic raised concerns regarding post-viral lung damage contributing to ILA and its potential progression to pulmonary fibrosis. This study aimed atassessing the prevalence and characteristics of ILAs in the post-COVID-19 era and at exploring potential associations with fibrosing evolution. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The authors retrospectively analyzed, from January 2023 to January 2024, 343 chest CT scans from patients over forty years old without previous diagnosis of interstitial lung disease (ILD). Based on the Fleischner Society criteria, ILAs were divided into three subtypes : non-subpleural ILA, subpleural non-fibrosing ILA, and subpleural fibrosing ILA. In their interpretations of scan results, the authors described a number of elementary ILA lesions, including ground-glass opacities, lung reticulation, septal thickening, traction bronchiectasis, cysts, honeycomb appearance and architectural distortion. RESULTS: The results indicated overall ILA prevalence of 18%, with subpleural fibrosing and non-fibrosing ILAs each accounting for 8%, and non-subpleural ILAs for 2%. Female predominance was observed, with an average age of 59 years. Compared to pre-pandemic studies, which reported overall prevalence approximating 7% in the overall population, these findings suggest increased prevalence of fibrosing ILA, potentially linked to post-COVID lung changes. CONCLUSION: Heightened risk prevalence of fibrosing ILAS in the post-COVID-19 era raises questions concerning the underlying mechanisms of pulmonary remodeling and its potential for evolving toward diffuse interstitial lung disease. Longitudinal monitoring is called for, the objective being to assess possible progress in view of developing appropriate follow-up strategies, during which radiologists are to assume a critical role in early detection and risk stratification. Future research should consider SARS-CoV-2 infection along with age, smoking status and family history of pulmonary fibrosis as a potential risk factor for ILA, with emphasis laid on long-term follow-up and a potential need for revised monitoring protocols in post-COVID patients.
Rev Mal Respir
· 2025 Dec · PMID 41173692
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Asthma in elderly subjects presents a number of clinical and functional particularities, which are exacerbated by pulmonary aging and frequent comorbidities, including arterial hypertension (AHT) and diabetes, in the Alg...Asthma in elderly subjects presents a number of clinical and functional particularities, which are exacerbated by pulmonary aging and frequent comorbidities, including arterial hypertension (AHT) and diabetes, in the Algerian population. Conducted in the Sidi Bel Abbes university hospital (CHU), this cross-sectional study compares functional and clinical profiles, asthma control and the impact of comorbidities in 200 asthmatic patients: 100 young adults (18-40years), and 100 elderly persons (≥65years). Respiratory functional explorations (spirometry, plethysmography), the Asthma Control Test (ACT) score and dyspnea (the mMRC scale), as well as exacerbations and comorbidities were systematically evaluated. Elderly asthma patients manifested pronounced bronchial obstruction (FEV1, FEV1/FVC, P<0.001) and hyperinflation (RV, TGV, P<0.01), without marked difference regarding CPT (P=0.078), and with reduced asthma control (ACT, P<0.001). High prevalence of AHT (48%) and diabetes (32%) in elderly patients is associated with a low ACT score (P<0.01). To conclude, asthma among elderly patients in Algeria is likely to be aggravated by comorbidities, consequently necessitating adapted multidisciplinary management.
Rev Mal Respir
· 2025 Dec · PMID 41093671
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Heart failure is a chronic disease affecting approximately 2 % of the population. It is currently known to be a major cause of gestational morbi-mortality. Hemodynamic modifications during pregnancy can reveal, aggravate...Heart failure is a chronic disease affecting approximately 2 % of the population. It is currently known to be a major cause of gestational morbi-mortality. Hemodynamic modifications during pregnancy can reveal, aggravate, or even generate heart failure. Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM), a diagnosis of exclusion, is the main cause of de novo heart failure in parturient women. Differential diagnoses are numerous and include stress cardiomyopathy ("takotsubo" syndrome) and decompensation of preexisting cardiopathy (hypertrophic, dilated, restrictive arrhythmogenic, ischemic, valvular…). Identification of the cause of heart failure is mandatory in view of adapting treatment and follow-up. After several physiological reminders, we will successively consider the different clinical phenotypes of acute peripartum cardiomyopathy, and then provide indications on treatment and management.
Glenisson M, Al Zreibi C, Gibault L
… +2 more, Toubiana T, Le Pimpec-Barthes F
Rev Mal Respir
· 2025 Dec · PMID 41058392
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INTRODUCTION: The distinction between small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) and carcinoid tumors may be challenging in small biopsy specimens, particularly when cellular artefacts (crush artifact…) are present. Nevertheless,...INTRODUCTION: The distinction between small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) and carcinoid tumors may be challenging in small biopsy specimens, particularly when cellular artefacts (crush artifact…) are present. Nevertheless, an accurate diagnosis of these two neuroendocrine neoplasms - whose prognoses are radically different - is crucial to ensure appropriate therapeutic management. CASE REPORT: We report the case of a 40-year-old female patient referred for salvage surgery for recurrent small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC). Confirmed histologically, the recurrence had been treated 44 months earlier with concurrent chemoradiotherapy and prophylactic cranial irradiation. For this apparent 'relapse', left pneumonectomy with extended radical lymphadenectomy including dissection around the recurrent laryngeal nerve was performed, achieving R0 resection. Final histopathological analysis revealed an atypical carcinoid tumor with lymph node involvement in stations 10 and 4L. Review of the initial pathology slides - on which the Ki-67 proliferation index had not been determined - revealed that the same tumor had been present from the outset. Ten and a half years after this procedure, the patient remains alive, with a bone recurrence diagnosed one year ago. CONCLUSION: Salvage surgery can correct an initial misdiagnosis and ultimately provide the patient with the appropriate treatment. Any clinico-radiological and pathological discordance should prompt either a repeat biopsy or an external expert review. Systematic use of the Ki-67 proliferation index for all diagnoses of pulmonary neuroendocrine tumours, particularly in small biopsy specimens, may help to avoid such diagnostic pitfalls.
Milesi J, Naud R, Delliaux S
… +5 more, Bregeon F, Boussuges A, Dutau H, Thomas PA, Coiffard B
Rev Mal Respir
· 2025 Dec · PMID 41046171
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INTRODUCTION: Management of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and severe emphysema is complex. While endobronchial valve placement has become a widespread option, lung volume reduction surgery (L...INTRODUCTION: Management of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and severe emphysema is complex. While endobronchial valve placement has become a widespread option, lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) remains an important but sometimes underused alternative. Selecting the most appropriate intervention requires a multidisciplinary approach, especially for lung transplantation candidates. CASE REPORT: We report the case of a 57-year-old male former smoker referred for lung transplantation due to advanced COPD with severe upper-lobe predominant emphysema and pronounced pulmonary hyperinflation. The patient had disabling dyspnea (mMRC 3), a BODE index of 6, and major pulmonary function impairment (forced expiratory volume at 1st second [FEV] 31% predicted; residual volume 329% predicted). After multidisciplinary discussion and StratX® analysis, the patient underwent right upper lobectomy. Six months postoperatively, he had experienced significant symptomatic and functional improvement: FEV had increased to 56% predicted, residual volume had decreased to 191%, and V˙O max had improved. Ventilation efficiency and gas exchange likewise improved. Diaphragmatic ultrasound demonstrated enhanced mobility and thickening. CONCLUSION: This case highlights the interest of LVRS in carefully selected patients with severe emphysema, which remains viable in the era of bronchoscopic interventions. LVRS can provide clinical and functional benefits, improve quality of life, and in some cases delay lung transplantation. It remains an essential part of the therapeutic arsenal for end-stage emphysema and should be considered in multidisciplinary evaluations.
Kambutse I, Ranty M, Le Roux PY
… +2 more, Couturaud F, Tromeur C
Rev Mal Respir
· 2025 Dec · PMID 40983563
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Dyspnea during pregnancy may be due to cardiopulmonary disease (pleural effusion, pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, acute pulmonary oedema, asthma). Investigation requires thoracic imaging which is available in current prac...Dyspnea during pregnancy may be due to cardiopulmonary disease (pleural effusion, pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, acute pulmonary oedema, asthma). Investigation requires thoracic imaging which is available in current practice. Given the risk of fetal malformation when radiation level exceeds 100mGy, clinical practices are heterogeneous. The choice of thoracic imaging for pregnant women also needs to take into account the level of ionizing radiation absorbed by the mother and the risk of radiation-induced cancer. In order to limit the number of potentially irradiating tests, it is essential to use non-irradiating thoracic imaging, to implement well-defined diagnostic strategies as first-line approaches and, more particularly, to apply imaging protocols adapted to the physiology of the pregnant patient. While thoracic imaging with ionizing radiation during pregnancy is not contraindicated, it must be clearly justified, and given the risks of fetal malformations and maternal cancer induced by radiations, it behooves clinicians to take into full account the benefit-risk balance and, as a rule, to apply the precautionary principle.
Mogenet A, Duruisseaux M, Grigoriu B
… +1 more, Greillier L
Rev Mal Respir
· 2025 Oct · PMID 40730767
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Immune checkpoint inhibitors are now an essential therapy for lung cancer. These monoclonal antibodies are nevertheless responsible for immune-related adverse events. With particular regards for patients with previous au...Immune checkpoint inhibitors are now an essential therapy for lung cancer. These monoclonal antibodies are nevertheless responsible for immune-related adverse events. With particular regards for patients with previous autoimmune disease, less is known about the efficacy and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors, but also about the consequences of steroids or other specific therapies. The aim of this article is to synthesize available data in the literature on immune checkpoint inhibitors experience in patients with both lung cancer and autoimmune disease.
Many endogenous and exogenous substances can migrate into the pulmonary arterial circulation via systemic veins, with variable and sometimes dramatic consequences. CT scanning is crucial for the diagnosis and treatment,...Many endogenous and exogenous substances can migrate into the pulmonary arterial circulation via systemic veins, with variable and sometimes dramatic consequences. CT scanning is crucial for the diagnosis and treatment, by showing direct evidence of endoluminal defects within the pulmonary arteries and assessing the consequences of these non-cruoric emboli on the pulmonary parenchyma.
Didier A, Camus C, Lemeur A
… +35 more, Bieler L, Rudzky C, Barnig C, Dussaucy A, Beurnier A, Nguyen Quang JM, Blanc FX, Kenzi A, Bonniaud P, Baptiste N, Bourdin A, Sebbane M, Chanez P, Pahus L, Devouassoux G, Labeye V, Khayath N, Raherison-Semjen C, Saint Raymond C, Taillé C, Ghazali DA, Boulay V, Souab A, Delpire P, Verdière CH, Fouquet H, Gazaille V, Maurer C, Petit L, Portel L, Girard A, Proust A, Rochefort-Morel C, Le Lan-Schnell AL, Guilleminault L
Rev Mal Respir
· 2025 Oct · PMID 40713267
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INTRODUCTION: An emergency room visit for asthma is a warning sign of a breakdown in care. The objectives of the PASS project (Safe Severe Asthma Pathway) were to establish an inventory of asthma emergency room stays and...INTRODUCTION: An emergency room visit for asthma is a warning sign of a breakdown in care. The objectives of the PASS project (Safe Severe Asthma Pathway) were to establish an inventory of asthma emergency room stays and to identify the existing strengths and areas for improvement in the patient care pathway. METHODS: One-year emergency room visits for asthma were collected from the medical information departments of 21 healthcare establishments. Hospitalizations were distinguished from outpatient visits. A qualitative study was carried out by interviewing the involved parties. RESULTS: Close to 3000 (2883) patients were admitted to emergency departments in 2018. Among them, 1350 (47%) were hospitalized in a ward, including 530 (39%) in pulmonology, 170 (13%) in intensive care or resuscitation, and 650 (48%) in other departments. Recognized as important by all 21 centers, six patient pathway quality criteria and are either already in place, planned or in the process of being set up. CONCLUSION AND PERSPECTIVES: Asthma remains responsible for numerous hospitalizations in emergency units. However, only a small number of the identified quality criteria are actually applied in the centers. Further studies should help to pinpoint the actions needed to apply these criteria on a nationwide scale.
Gérard A, Cauhape V, Courjon J
… +4 more, Viard D, Inchiappa L, Gaudart A, Vandenbos F
Rev Mal Respir
· 2025 Oct · PMID 40664553
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INTRODUCTION: Ruxolitinib is a Janus kinase 2 inhibitor (JAK2i) used in patients with primary myelofibrosis. This treatment is a risk factor for bacterial and viral infections, and can reactivate latent infections, such...INTRODUCTION: Ruxolitinib is a Janus kinase 2 inhibitor (JAK2i) used in patients with primary myelofibrosis. This treatment is a risk factor for bacterial and viral infections, and can reactivate latent infections, such as tuberculosis. OBSERVATION: We report the case of a 80-year-old patient hospitalized for disseminated tuberculosis. He had been treated for 28 months with ruxolitinib for JAK2-muted primary myelofibrosis. Pre-therapeutic screening for latent tuberculosis infection had not been performed. Sixteen months after starting ruxolitinib, bone, peritoneal, and lymph node lesions appeared. Finally, the diagnosis of disseminated tuberculosis was made 12 months after the first secondary lesions were observed. By then, tuberculosis had caused diffuse peritoneal involvement, staged lymph node involvement, pleuropulmonary, muscular, and especially multiple bone lesions with destruction of the 6th thoracic vertebra. A treatment with quadruple antituberculosis therapy led to slow improvement. Ruxolitinib was discontinued. CONCLUSION: Before initiating treatment with ruxolitinib, an immunological test for latent tuberculosis infection should be systematically performed, even in a country with a low tuberculosis incidence.
INTRODUCTION: Asthma is the most common chronic disease in children and adolescents worldwide. In sub-Saharan Africa, however, it is one of the most widely neglected diseases, and very few studies have focused on its occ...INTRODUCTION: Asthma is the most common chronic disease in children and adolescents worldwide. In sub-Saharan Africa, however, it is one of the most widely neglected diseases, and very few studies have focused on its occurrence during childhood. That said, two factors are known to contribute to its rapid increase. The first consists in the economic challenges related to its management, and the second concerns barriers to the implementation strategies that might reduce its global burden. With more than half of sub-Saharan Africa's population under the age of 15, childhood asthma is a critical issue that requires serious investigation. METHOD: Our approach was based on documentary search using the Google and Google Scholar databases. A list containing all relevant identified documents was created in the Zotero library management system for the purposes of online bibliographic sharing. To ensure (or at least reduce) duplicated efforts and so as facilitate potential collaboration, we registered our study in accordance with the PROSPERO systematic review protocol. RESULTS: The results of this cross-sectional survey conclusively demonstrate that the prevalence of childhood asthma in this part of the continent is high and growing rapidly. It varies not only according to region or country, but also within the same territory. The highest levels south of the Sahara were found in East Africa, with prevalence exceeding the ISAAC protocol time trends by 23.1% in Tanzania and 21.3% in South Africa. There are many explanations for these elevated rates: (a) gaps in knowledge and perception of the disease, (b) insufficient control or deficient management, and (c) patients' divergent social levels. CONCLUSION: At present, the extent and severity of childhood asthma in sub-Saharan Africa is little known. In this context, the information collected in different publications could help to orient more adequate policies and to effectively develop good practices.
Rev Mal Respir
· 2025 Oct · PMID 40634151
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Patients suffering from chronic respiratory failure may present with obesity, which can cause respiratory failure, particularly in cases of Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome (OHS) or certain forms of asthma. It can also a...Patients suffering from chronic respiratory failure may present with obesity, which can cause respiratory failure, particularly in cases of Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome (OHS) or certain forms of asthma. It can also aggravate symptoms such as dyspnea. In this context, patients are often asked to change their lifestyle, or even to undergo bariatric surgery, the common objective being to help them lose weight. That said, a question may be raised: is weight loss always desirable? In the present review of relevant articles, we report on: (a) the current possibilities for achieving significant and lasting weight loss, (b) the arguments in favor of a weight loss strategy for patients with respiratory failure, and (c) the arguments suggesting a need for caution.