Research In Veterinary Science[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Diagnostic evaluation of a recombinant chimeric Sporothrix brasiliensis protein-based ELISA for serological detection of feline sporotrichosis.
de Almeida DM, de Vargas Maiocchi L, de Oliveira NR … +7 more , de Lima CM, Piñeiro MBC, Sanzo GL, Severo TH, Dellagostin OA, de Oliveira Nobre M, Jorge S
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Mar · PMID 41539010 · Publisher ↗
Sporotrichosis is a zoonotic infection caused by fungi of the Sporothrix schenkii complex, with S. brasiliensis being the most prevalent etiological agent in animals, particularly cats. Felines are highly susceptible to...
Sporotrichosis is a zoonotic infection caused by fungi of the Sporothrix schenkii complex, with S. brasiliensis being the most prevalent etiological agent in animals, particularly cats. Felines are highly susceptible to infection and may develop severe clinical forms characterized by extensive cutaneous lesions and systemic dissemination. In addition, infected cats play a major role in zoonotic transmission, as Sporothrix spp. can be transmitted to humans through bites and scratches. The gold standard for sporotrichosis diagnosis remains the isolation and identification of Sporothrix species from clinical samples, a process that requires prolonged culture prior to identification. However, the increasing number of cases highlights the need for a reliable, rapid, and cost-effective diagnostic method. This study aimed to develop an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the serodiagnosis of feline sporotrichosis using a recombinant chimeric S. brasiliensis protein. The antigen was designed from immunogenic fragments of two S. brasiliensis proteins, SsEno and Gp70, and expressed in a prokaryotic system. A total of 201 feline serum samples were analyzed, including 66 from cats diagnosed with sporotrichosis, 73 from healthy animals, and 62 from cats with other medical conditions. The assay demonstrated 97.0% sensitivity (95% CI: 89.4-99.6%) and 94.1% specificity (95% CI: 88.6%-97.4%). The recombinant chimeric antigen showed strong reactivity with sera from infected cats and no cross-reactivity with controls samples. These results indicate that this recombinant antigen-based ELISA is a simple, accurate, and low-cost diagnostic alternative with promising potential for validation and routine application in the diagnosis of feline sporotrichosis.
Comparative effects of monensin and alternative feed additives on productive performance and rumen fermentation in Zebu beef cattle: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Ribeiro IG, Gonçalves ACN, Oliveira LG … +4 more , Menezes GL, Lana ÂMQ, Souza RC, de Oliveira AF
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Mar · PMID 41534158 · Publisher ↗
Zebu cattle predominate in tropical beef systems, but no meta-analysis has compared monensin with alternative additives specifically in Zebu cattle. This meta-analysis aimed to compare the effects of monensin and alterna...
Zebu cattle predominate in tropical beef systems, but no meta-analysis has compared monensin with alternative additives specifically in Zebu cattle. This meta-analysis aimed to compare the effects of monensin and alternative feed additives on productive performance and rumen fermentation in Zebu beef cattle. Forty-seven studies (408 comparisons) were included. We performed a random-effects meta-analysis to estimate mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence intervals and explored heterogeneity using subgroup analyses and meta-regression. Average daily gain (ADG) was greater in animals receiving natural additives (+5.01%; MD = 0.063; CI: 0.048 to 0.078) or probiotics (+5.03%; MD = 0.083; CI: 0.021 to 0.145) than in those receiving monensin. In contrast, ADG was lower in animals treated with virginiamycin (-3.42%; MD = -0.042; CI: -0.073 to -0.010) or lasalocid (-14.5%; MD = -0.076; CI: -0.081 to -0.072). These increases in ADG with natural additives and probiotics could potentially shorten finishing time under typical feedlot conditions. Dry matter intake (DMI) was higher in animals receiving monensin plus virginiamycin, natural additives, virginiamycin, monensin plus narasin, probiotics, narasin, and monensin plus probiotics compared with monensin alone. Feed efficiency (FE) was higher in animals supplemented with monensin plus virginiamycin (+2.05%; MD = 0.003; CI: 0.0003 to 0.006) but lower in those receiving virginiamycin alone (-9.90%; MD = -0.014; CI: -0.016 to -0.011) compared with monensin. Methane emissions did not differ among treatments, indicating similar effects on enteric methane production. Natural additives and probiotics increased ADG, but the diversity of compounds and inclusion levels limits identifying which specific components drive the response. Overall, monensin remains a consistent additive for improving FE in Zebu cattle, whereas combining it with virginiamycin resulted in even greater FE and may represent a useful strategy.
Q fever in the 21st century: Uncovering diagnostic, epidemiological, and one health gaps in a re-emerging zoonosis.
Jemilehin FO, Okunlade AO, Adesola RO … +2 more , Obiechefu HC, Ahmed AO
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Mar · PMID 41529421 · Publisher ↗
Q fever, caused by the gram negative obligate intracellular bacterium Coxiella burnetii, remains a globally relevant but underappreciated zoonosis in the 21st century. Despite decades of research, the disease continues t...
Q fever, caused by the gram negative obligate intracellular bacterium Coxiella burnetii, remains a globally relevant but underappreciated zoonosis in the 21st century. Despite decades of research, the disease continues to pose diagnostic, epidemiological, and clinical challenges that hinder timely recognition and effective management. This review aims to synthesize current advances in the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and diagnosis of C. burnetii, while critically examining the One Health gaps that sustain its persistence as a re-emerging zoonosis. We evaluate the strengths and limitations of existing diagnostic platforms, summarize recent progress in molecular epidemiology, and explore the underrecognized contributions of environmental and wildlife reservoirs to transmission. We further highlight disparities in surveillance and reporting, particularly in regions such as Africa and Asia, where the disease remains neglected. Looking ahead, we outline key priorities for research and practice. These include elucidating molecular mechanisms of host-pathogen interactions, identifying novel diagnostic biomarkers, deploying genomic epidemiology to capture global strain diversity, developing safer and more accessible vaccines, and operationalizing One Health frameworks to integrate veterinary, medical, and environmental surveillance. By clarifying these research and policy gaps, this review provides a roadmap for reducing the global burden of Q fever and offers broader insights into tackling other neglected zoonotic diseases at the human-animal-environment interface.
Antimicrobial resistance and virulence-associated genes in Escherichia coli from young healthy chickens.
Cagnoli G, Bertelloni F, Zendri F … +4 more , Timofte D, Di Paolo A, Marzoni Fecia di Cossato M, Ebani VV
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Mar · PMID 41529420 · Publisher ↗
Escherichia coli is a commensal intestinal bacterium of humans and animals and is frequently associated with antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This study investigated the phenotypic and genotypic AMR and virulence factors...
Escherichia coli is a commensal intestinal bacterium of humans and animals and is frequently associated with antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This study investigated the phenotypic and genotypic AMR and virulence factors in E. coli isolated from 120 young healthy chickens never treated with antibiotics and coccidiostats. The disk diffusion method employed on all 120 isolates revealed the highest resistance (11.67%) to chloramphenicol and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. All isolates were susceptible to aztreonam and gentamicin, whereas over 95% showed susceptibility to amikacin, cefoxitin, ciprofloxacin, and ertapenem. Minimum inhibition concentration test found 7 (5.83%) isolates resistant to colistin. Eight strains (6.67%) were found to be multidrug-resistant (MDR). Molecular analyses conducted on resistant and intermediate isolates showed that 11/13 penicillin-resistant strains carried the blaTEM gene, 12/12 tetracycline-resistant strains had tetA, 4/14 chloramphenicol-resistant and 1/2 chloramphenicol-intermediate strains had cmlA. The astA gene, potentially indicative of enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC), was found in 15% of isolates. Virulence genes characterizing other pathotypes investigated were not detected. Chickens reared in optimal conditions and never treated with antibiotics may harbor antimicrobial-resistant and pathogenic bacterial strains that could become a public health hazard. Good farm management and hygiene are fundamental to reducing the circulation of pathogenic strains and the need for antimicrobial treatments.
Detection of Brucella spp. in compost-bedding pack barn and its relationship with infections in dairy cows during the transition period.
Damasceno MD, Gonçalves MS, Campos MEST … +14 more , Ferreira ACR, Custódio DAC, Silva EMM, Malta VA, Dos Reis AG, Silva BB, Carvalho ACS, Paz JL, Oliveira PFRE, de Carvalho BC, Souza GN, Pereira CR, Dorneles EMS, Guimarães AS
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Mar · PMID 41512640 · Publisher ↗
Compost-bedded pack barn (CBP) is a used intensive system for dairy cow confinement, however, information about the possible role of the bed in the maintenance and transmission of pathogens among housed animals is still...
Compost-bedded pack barn (CBP) is a used intensive system for dairy cow confinement, however, information about the possible role of the bed in the maintenance and transmission of pathogens among housed animals is still scarce. This study investigates the presence of Brucella spp. in dairy cows in the transition period housed in CBP and the detection of the pathogen in the CBP. The analyzes were conducted using samples of CBP and samples from cows up to 45 days post-partum from 20 different farms in Goiás and Minas Gerais states, Brazil. Animals were tested for the presence of anti-Brucella antibodies. Samples of vaginal swab, endometrial sample and CBP were tested for the presence of Brucella spp. using conventional PCR targeting the bscp31 gene, as a screening test, and the real-time PCR targeting the IS711 gene, as confirmatory test. A total of 16 [16/20 (80 %)] properties exhibited at least one positive animal in at least one test (serology or molecular tests), and four [4/20 (25 %)] of these properties had at least one positive animal in at least two tests performed. Additionally, three CBP [3/44 (6.88 %)] showed PCR positive result to Brucella spp. The results demonstrated the presence of Brucella spp. in sample collected from dairy cows in transition period housed in CBP and the bed of the system, suggesting the CBP may have a role in brucellosis transmission in the system, by favoring the spread of the agent and transmission to other housed cows.
Development and evaluation of recombinant protective antigen (rPA)-based indirect-ELISA for sero-monitoring of anthrax-specific antibodies in sheep.
Sairam S, Hemanth RA, Bindu S … +9 more , Namrutha MR, Shirisha A, Pooja PS, Prajapati A, Yogisharadhya R, Mohanty NN, Singh SK, Chanda MM, Shivachandra SB
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Mar · PMID 41512639 · Publisher ↗
Protective antigen (PA), a key exotoxin of Bacillus anthracis, is involved in the pathogenesis of anthrax, leading to 'sudden death' of affected herbivores. PA is also known to induce protective neutralizing antibodies f...
Protective antigen (PA), a key exotoxin of Bacillus anthracis, is involved in the pathogenesis of anthrax, leading to 'sudden death' of affected herbivores. PA is also known to induce protective neutralizing antibodies following vaccination. Although an effective anthrax live spore vaccine is used to immunize susceptible animals, pre- and post-vaccination antibody titres are not regularly monitored, which is of immunological significance in endemic areas, and it is important to evaluate the vaccine efficacy at the field level. Hence, this study describes a standardized indirect-ELISA, a simple and rapid immuno-assay based on recombinant protective antigen (603 aa, ∼67 kDa) to detect anti-PA-specific IgG antibodies in sheep serum samples to assess serological evidence of exposure and/or vaccination to anthrax. Further, rPA-iELISA was used to assess prevailing antibody titers in randomly collected sheep (n = 1289) serum samples from three different states representing anthrax-endemic (Telangana) and non-endemic (Punjab and Haryana) geographical regions of India. A standardized rPA antigen (200 ng/well) based indirect-ELISA was found to possess an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.980 and 95 % CI of 0.932-0.992 with sensitivity of 93.7 %, and specificity of 94.9 % (p < 0.001) against an optimal cut-off criterion of >25.3 PP (>0.46 OD). A higher degree of sero-positivity in Telangana (>66.98 %), and a lower positivity was noted in Punjab and Haryana (6.83 % and 15.95 %, respectively) among sheep. The study indicated the potential utility of rPA-iELISA for sero-monitoring of anthrax / anti-PA-specific IgG antibodies in sheep.
The availability of outdoor spaces enhances social play in dairy cows.
Di Lucrezia A, Lotito D, Iervolino V … +3 more , Lombardi P, D'Aniello B, Mastellone V
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Mar · PMID 41512638 · Publisher ↗
Social behaviors are widely recognized as valuable indicators of animal welfare. This study examined the behavioral profiles of two groups of cows: one with daytime access to an open outdoor area and one housed exclusive...
Social behaviors are widely recognized as valuable indicators of animal welfare. This study examined the behavioral profiles of two groups of cows: one with daytime access to an open outdoor area and one housed exclusively in a free-stall barn. Observations were conducted when both groups were in the same indoor environment, allowing for a direct comparison of their behavioral expressions. Cows with outdoor access engaged significantly more in social play, while no statistically significant differences were observed for other social behaviors such as allogrooming, social rubbing, or submission/avoidance. Since play behavior typically emerges under favorable psychological conditions, these findings suggest that outdoor access during the day contributes to enhanced psychological wellbeing, with positive effects that persist even when cows return to the confined barn setting. In contrast, negative social interactions such as submission/ avoidance were expressed at similar levels across both groups, indicating that access to open space may not be sufficient to mitigate all forms of social stress.
Biomechanical evaluation of a cemented femoral stem for canine total hip replacement across two breeds.
Kumar KSK, Kumar R, Kumar TS … +6 more , Tiwari AK, Saxena AC, Kumar ORV, Singh BP, Pawde A, Amarpal
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Mar · PMID 41506149 · Publisher ↗
Cemented total hip replacement (THR) remains an established procedure for restoring hip joint function in dogs with degenerative or traumatic coxofemoral disease; however, limited evidence exists regarding the mechanical...
Cemented total hip replacement (THR) remains an established procedure for restoring hip joint function in dogs with degenerative or traumatic coxofemoral disease; however, limited evidence exists regarding the mechanical integrity and load-transfer characteristics of cemented femoral stem constructs within native canine femora. This study critically evaluated the biomechanical performance of a novel modular cemented femoral stem using cadaveric femora from German Shepherd Dogs (GSDs) and Labrador Retrievers (LABs), emphasizing axial, bending, and torsional behaviors in correlation with radiographic and morphometric parameters. Eighteen pairs of adult canine femora were harvested postmortem, with one side implanted following standardized second-generation cementation protocols and the contralateral side retained intact. Following radiographic and CT-based templating, specimens underwent displacement-controlled axial compression, three-point bending, and torsion tests. Cemented implantation significantly reduced ultimate compressive, bending, and torsional strengths compared to intact femora (p < 0.05), though stiffness remained unaffected, suggesting preservation of elastic response despite altered failure thresholds. GSD femora consistently exhibited greater load-bearing capacity, yield strength, and energy absorption than LABs, reflecting breed-specific variations in cortical geometry and canal morphology. Radiographs confirmed precise stem alignment, uniform cement mantles averaging 5 mm, and consistent canal fill exceeding 60 %, indicative of optimized cementation. Failure patterns transitioned from brittle cortical fractures in intact specimens to ductile interfacial shear at the bone-cement interface in implanted constructs, demonstrating efficient load redistribution through the composite system. Collectively, these findings highlight the mechanical reliability and breed-dependent adaptability of the cemented THR system, supporting its translational potential for achieving durable fixation and functional load transfer in canine clinical applications while offering valuable insights relevant to comparative orthopedic biomechanics.
Establishment of detection method of chicken infectious anemia virus based on CRISPR/Cas12a system.
Sheng C, Wang J, Tan M … +7 more , Zhang J, Sun M, Sun J, Shao Y, Tu J, Zhu L, Song X
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Mar · PMID 41500180 · Publisher ↗
Chicken Infectious Anemia Virus (CIAV) causes chicken infectious anemia, characterized by anemia and immune dysfunction. The rapid dissemination of this virus is generating substantial economic consequences for poultry p...
Chicken Infectious Anemia Virus (CIAV) causes chicken infectious anemia, characterized by anemia and immune dysfunction. The rapid dissemination of this virus is generating substantial economic consequences for poultry producers. The CRISPR/Cas12a system is widely used for virus detection through crRNA-guided target recognition and the paracrine activity of Cas12a. To enable rapid and highly sensitive detection of Chicken Infectious Anemia Virus (CIAV), a CRISPR-Cas12a-based fluorescence assay was refined. Through optimization of the CRISPR/Cas12a system and integration of enzymatic recombinase amplification (ERA), the assay achieved a detection limit of 1 copy/μL, demonstrating its significant utility for CIAV diagnostics. In addition, a CRISPR/Cas12a lateral flow assay was developed and optimized, achieving a sensitivity of 10^3 copies/μL for the rapid and visual detection of target analytes. This technique exhibits high specificity for CIAV, showing no cross-reactivity with other chicken viruses. Overall, the system enables rapid CIAV detection with cost-effective equipment, making it suitable for virus monitoring.
A field observational study evaluating antemortem inspection as a predictive tool for postmortem lesion findings at a Portuguese pig abattoir.
Nunes MS, Olsen A, Cordeiro RP … +1 more , Vieira-Pinto M
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Mar · PMID 41494273 · Publisher ↗
Risk-based inspection of pigs at the abattoir depends on accurately identifying high-risk animals before slaughter. Food Chain Information (FCI) provides data on farm management, animal health, and treatments that can su...
Risk-based inspection of pigs at the abattoir depends on accurately identifying high-risk animals before slaughter. Food Chain Information (FCI) provides data on farm management, animal health, and treatments that can support this process; however, its limited completeness and reliability highlight the need for complementary approaches. Antemortem (AM) conditions may serve as practical predictors of postmortem (PM) lesions, supporting the development of risk-based inspection systems. This study investigated the potential of AM inspection in detecting PM lesions in finisher pigs, slaughtered at a commercial abattoir in Portugal. Data were collected from 62 batches (n = 9542 pigs) for a cross-sectional study, and 245 pigs for a case control study. Detection of coughing, skin lesions, and growth retardation was significantly higher when pigs were inspected from inside the pens, compared with unloading or outside the pens observations. At batch-level coughing at AM inspection was associated with a higher number of PM lesions, particularly pneumonia (OR = 1.08) and pleurisy (OR = 1.03). At animal-level, AM conditions showed consistent associations with PM lesions, including coughing with pneumonia (OR = 6.7), and lung lesion (OR = 6.2), lameness with arthritis (OR = 14.9) and growth retardation with several PM lesions. These findings are consistent with those reported in other countries and confirm that specific AM conditions can reliably predict certain PM lesions, contributing to the refinement of risk-based inspection approaches in Portugal.
Wild UK deer as carriers of livestock lameness associated pathogens.
Clegg SR, Cooke AS, Poluha E … +3 more , Millson SH, Angell JW, Evans NJ
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Mar · PMID 41475288 · Publisher ↗
Lameness is one of the major diseases on UK farms and worldwide and can be caused by environmental damage and/or infection. The pathogens associated with infectious lameness, namely Fusobacterium necrophorum, Dichelobact...
Lameness is one of the major diseases on UK farms and worldwide and can be caused by environmental damage and/or infection. The pathogens associated with infectious lameness, namely Fusobacterium necrophorum, Dichelobacter nodosus and pathogenic Treponema species are responsible for substantial economic losses. The lack of knowledge on reservoirs of these pathogens is concerning and wild deer may pose a potential risk for livestock infection. This study investigated the prevalence of lameness associated bacteria on the feet of culled wild deer using molecular methods and subsequent isolation to characterise bacteria and allow comparison to livestock pathogens. With the exception of Treponema medium, all the other pathogens were detected on deer feet with sika deer carrying the fewest pathogens and muntjac and roe carrying the most. Muntjac deer were significantly more likely than other deer species to carry F. necrophorum. Body condition score was a significant factor associated with pathogen carriage, with a higher body condition score leading to lower pathogen carriage. Identical treponemes based on 16S rRNA genes were isolated to those found in cattle and sheep. The assessment of the antimicrobials which the Treponema isolates were susceptible to, showed a high similarity to those previously reported in livestock, thus further suggesting carriage of similar bacteria. This study shows that wild deer within the UK are carriers for lameness bacteria but are asymptomatic. The infection risk which these wild ruminant ungulates pose to livestock species requires further research. This study begins to suggest a potential wildlife reservoir for lameness associated bacteria.
Dietary nano‑chromium picolinate enhances interferon-gamma expression in heat-stressed broilers vaccinated against Newcastle disease.
Hajializadeh F, Talebi A, Jozani RJ
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Mar · PMID 41468791 · Publisher ↗
Poultry immunity is negatively impacted by heat stress (HS), resulting in reduced efficacy of vaccines. In this study, we determined whether dietary chromium (III) picolinate (CrPic) and the nano formulation (Nano-CrPic)...
Poultry immunity is negatively impacted by heat stress (HS), resulting in reduced efficacy of vaccines. In this study, we determined whether dietary chromium (III) picolinate (CrPic) and the nano formulation (Nano-CrPic) could help alleviate the negative effects of HS on cellular immunity in vaccinated broilers against Newcastle disease (ND). Ross 308 broilers were subjected to continuing heat exposure and received supplementations of either CrPic or Nano-CrPic at 500, 1000, or 1500 ppb. Following ND vaccination, we quantified the expression of IFN-γ mRNA from splenic tissues. Importantly, IFN-γ expression increased between about 2.5-4 fold in vaccinated versus control broilers at 3 days after vaccination. In addition, under HS conditions, Nano-CrPic at 500 and 1000 ppb increased IFN-γ expression by 35-50 % compared to broilers in the HS Controls (p < 0.01) and 20-30 % compared to broilers fed traditional CrPic at comparable levels of supplementation. On the other hand, no significant change in IFN-γ expression was observed following either CrPic or Nano-CrPic supplementation in non-vaccinated birds. Supplementation with Nano-CrPic at the highest-level of 1500 ppb had diminished enhancements on IFN-γ expression, suggesting a non-linear dose-response pattern. The findings indicate that dietary supplementation using Nano-CrPic at 500-1000 ppb provides a practical means of improving cellular immunity responses that are generated after vaccination, particularly in heat-stressed broilers, thereby improving potential vaccination response under heat stress.
Escherichia coli strains from wild birds in Türkiye: Antibiotic resistance, virulence factors and phylogroups.
Yarım D, Karakaya E, Aydın F … +1 more , Abay S
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Mar · PMID 41468790 · Publisher ↗
This study aimed to isolate and identify Escherichia coli (E. coli) from the feces of wild bird species and to determine antibiotic susceptibilities, phylogroups, and virulence genes in the isolates obtained. For this pu...
This study aimed to isolate and identify Escherichia coli (E. coli) from the feces of wild bird species and to determine antibiotic susceptibilities, phylogroups, and virulence genes in the isolates obtained. For this purpose, a total of 575 fecal samples from 100 Eurasian Tree Sparrow, 250 Eurasian Jackdaw, 156 Eurasian Magpie, 4 Short-toed Snake-Eagle, 60 Rock dove, and 5 Long-legged Buzzard were used. E. coli isolation was performed using direct inoculation on MacConkey agar. The isolates were identified through phenotypic tests, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS), and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The susceptibility of the isolates to nine antibiotics was determined by the disk diffusion method. Phylogroups and the presence of virulence genes were determined by Clermont typing and the multiplex PCR (mPCR) methods, respectively. Among 575 feces samples, E. coli was isolated from 37 (6.43 %). The highest antibiotic resistance was found in ampicillin, azithromycin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole at 35.1 %. Moreover, 43.2 % of the E. coli isolates were detected as Multidrug-Resistant (MDR), and these isolates exhibited 13 different MDR patterns by demonstrating resistance to three to eight various antibiotic classes. While the most common phylogroup detected among isolates was A (18.9 %), none belonged to phylogroups C and F. 72.9 % had at least one virulence gene. The most frequently detected virulence gene was stx1 + stx2 (32.4 %), and all isolates were negative for bfpA and lt genes. In conclusion, considering the role of birds of prey in the ecological balance, the data obtained in this study suggest that wild birds may contribute to the spread of pathogenic and antibiotic-resistant E. coli strains globally.
Evaluation of the impact of acepromazine on tissue oxygenation in horses sedated with detomidine.
James AL, Vettorato E, Moura RA … +3 more , Azevedo TMBPR, Mallicote MF, Chiavaccini L
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Mar · PMID 41456578 · Publisher ↗
Sedation with α₂-agonists can impair microcirculation and oxygen delivery. This prospective randomized crossover study investigated whether administering acepromazine maleate before detomidine hydrochloride maintains hig...
Sedation with α₂-agonists can impair microcirculation and oxygen delivery. This prospective randomized crossover study investigated whether administering acepromazine maleate before detomidine hydrochloride maintains higher peripheral tissue oxygen saturation (StO₂) in sedated horses. Eight healthy adult horses randomly received intravenous detomidine (10 μg/kg) either alone (D) or in combination with acepromazine (20 μg/kg; DA), with a one-week washout. Hemoglobin concentration and central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO₂) were measured at baseline. Tissue oxygen saturation, tissue hemoglobin index (THI), sedation depth, heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (fR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), gastrointestinal motility, and serum lactate concentrations were recorded at baseline, 5, 15, 30, 60, and 120 min after injection. Mixed-effects linear models were used to assess time and treatment effects, and correlations were analyzed using the Bland-Altman Repeated Measures correlation. Across both treatment groups, StO₂ (p < 0.011), HR (p ≤ 0.007), fR (p < 0.0001), MAP (p ≤ 0.024), and gastrointestinal motility (p < 0.0001) declined significantly over time with no significant difference between groups. A negative correlation between StO₂ and serum lactate was found (r = -0.37, p = 0.0004); however, no correlation with ScvO₂ was observed. Sedation scores increased from 5 to 60 min (p < 0.001), ranging between 5 and 8 regardless of group allocation and were overall higher in the DA group (p = 0.02). These findings suggest that acepromazine enhances the sedative effect of detomidine but may not fully counteract its adverse impact on peripheral tissue oxygenation.
Bioactive components of Azadirachta indica (neem) leaf extract enhance immunity, health, and production parameters in broilers.
Islam MS, Parvez MAR, Islam S … +3 more , Hasan MT, Alam MA, Hoque MN
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Mar · PMID 41456577 · Publisher ↗
This study investigated the efficacy of a chemically characterized neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf extract as a viable alternative to antibiotics for sustainable broiler production. Comprehensive phytochemical analysis (T...
This study investigated the efficacy of a chemically characterized neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf extract as a viable alternative to antibiotics for sustainable broiler production. Comprehensive phytochemical analysis (TLC, HPLC, GC-MS, NMR) identified and quantified key bioactive compounds-azadirachtin, nimbin, nimbolide, gedunin, and salannin-with the ethanolic extract yielding a higher concentration of these limonoids. The comparative efficacy of this standardized neem preparation was evaluated against danofloxacin (antibiotic) and butaphosphan (metabolic booster) in a 28-day trial with one hundred and fifty Lohman meat chicks (10 birds/pen, 3 pens/treatment). The results demonstrated that neem supplementation significantly improved broiler performance. Birds in the neem groups, particularly the ethanolic group, achieved significantly higher final body weight and better feed conversion ratio, performing comparably to the antibiotic and booster groups. Immunologically, neem extracts significantly increased lymphocyte counts and reduced the heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, confirming an immunostimulatory and anti-stress effect. Serum biochemistry revealed significantly lower levels of liver enzymes (AST and ALT), indicating a hepatoprotective benefit. Histopathological examination confirmed healthier intestinal morphology, with quantifiably increased villus height and a superior villus-height-to-crypt-depth ratio in the duodenum and more caecal folds. Additionally, carcass quality and dressing percentage were significantly higher in neem-treated birds. The study concludes that the synergistic action of the identified bioactive compounds in neem leaf extract is responsible for its multifaceted benefits, making it a promising, natural, and cost-effective phytogenic alternative to in-feed antibiotics for enhancing productivity and ensuring safe broiler meat.
Remedial effects of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) from Arthrospira platensis against Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) toxicity on gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata).
Bemri A, Jebali F, Ammar J … +5 more , Gharred T, Jebali J, Guerbej H, Ouada HB, Bouraoui Z
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Mar · PMID 41456576 · Publisher ↗
Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) is an organic compound of phthalate, commonly used in the production of various plastic materials and its detrimental effects on marine ecosystems and human health have a great concern. Bioacti...
Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) is an organic compound of phthalate, commonly used in the production of various plastic materials and its detrimental effects on marine ecosystems and human health have a great concern. Bioactive compounds derived from microalgae have numerous biological and pharmacological activities and their remedial role in alleviating the adverse effects of toxicity induced by environmental and other agents has also been reported. Thus, in this work, we carried out studies to ascertain if exopolysaccharides (EPS) extracted from Arthrospira platensis (Cyanobacteria) would ameliorate DBP-induced toxicity in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata), used as model organism, focusing on growth performance, oxidative stress, neurotoxicity, histopathological changes in liver and intestine, and muscle nutritional quality. Firstly, fish in triplicate were fed separately a supplemented diet with 0 % (control group) and 6 % of EPS (EPS group) for 21 days. Consequently, each group were intraperitoneally exposed to DBP at a concentration of 85 μg /kg body weight. The results showed that DBP impaired growth, induced antioxidant-oxidative stress imbalance and caused genotoxicity and liver and intestine damage. Also, DBP disrupted muscle proximate composition and fatty acid profiles. Interestingly, feeding the DBP-exposed fish with EPS partially restored, histopathological damage in liver and intestine, antioxidant markers, lipid balance, notably improving the ω3/ω6 ratio, likely through EPS's antioxidant and metabolic regulatory effects. Overall, this study offered further insights on the antioxidative and chemopreventive properties of exopolysaccharides (EPS) extracted from Arthrospira platensis to modulate fish health and to enhance growth and protect against DBP-induced toxicity.
Integrated analysis of transcriptome and metabolome reveal the complex molecular regulatory network of chicken house PM2.5 induced lung injury.
Wu B, Zheng W, Bai Y … +2 more , Huang H, Chai T
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Mar · PMID 41447963 · Publisher ↗
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in poultry houses is the main component of air pollution. Long-term exposure to high concentrations of PM2.5 could easily damage the respiratory system of animals. In this study, we first...
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in poultry houses is the main component of air pollution. Long-term exposure to high concentrations of PM2.5 could easily damage the respiratory system of animals. In this study, we first investigated the changes in lung tissue morphology and serum cytokines in SPF chickens after exposure to poultry house PM2.5 and further conduct a combined analysis of its lung transcriptome and metabolome. The results showed that chicken exposed to PM2.5 led to decrease in body weight and cause inflammatory damage such as pulmonary fibrosis in chickens. It also significantly upregulated the expression levels of serum cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, TLR-2, TLR-4, IFN-α, TGF-β and CCL2. Additionally, it affected Arachidonic acid metabolism, Ferroptosis, and mTOR signaling pathways, disrupting metabolic processes and the expression of genes related to pulmonary inflammation. In addition, we validated the results of the multi-omics combined analysis and found that the interaction between the differential metabolite Arachidonic acid and the three differentially expressed genes LTA4H, FTL and PLA2G4A led to pulmonary inflammatory damage and metabolic disorders. The above results indicate that the interaction between pulmonary inflammation-related genes and lung metabolites may play a crucial role in the process of PM2.5-induced lung injury in chickens.
Anti-inflammatory gut immune modulation induced by direct-fed endospores of bacteriostatic lipopeptide-producing Bacillus velezensis MFF 2.2 and B. subtilis TC12 in BALB/c mice: A first step toward a probiotic additive to prevent post-weaning diarrhea.
Di Giácomo AL, Azcurra LN, García GR … +4 more , Raviolo JM, Grosso MC, Dogi CA, Pereyra MLG
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Mar · PMID 41447962 · Publisher ↗
Restrictions on the use of antibiotic growth promoters and the increasing pressure to reduce prophylactic antibiotic use due to rising antimicrobial resistance have intensified the need for safer strategies to prevent po...
Restrictions on the use of antibiotic growth promoters and the increasing pressure to reduce prophylactic antibiotic use due to rising antimicrobial resistance have intensified the need for safer strategies to prevent post-weaning diarrhea (PWD) in swine. Probiotic Bacillus strains represent a promising alternative because of their resilience, stability, and capacity to modulate gut microbial and immune responses. This study assessed the safety and immunomodulatory effects of endospores from Bacillus velezensis MFF 2.2 and B. subtilis TC 12 in a mouse model, as an initial screening step before conducting trials in the target species. Mice (n = 6 per group) received a daily oral dose of 10 CFU/ml for 10 consecutive days, or saline as control. No signs of toxicity or histopathological alterations were observed. In the small intestine, goblet cell counts and intraepithelial lymphocyte numbers did not differ significantly from controls, and no increases in TNF-α or IFN-γ were detected. However, treated mice showed a significant rise in IL-10 and in the IL-10/IFN-γ ratio. Previous studies demonstrated that lipopeptide extracts (LPE) from MFF 2.2 exert anti-inflammatory and bacteriostatic effects against PWD-associated pathogens. Based on the modest anti-inflammatory response elicited by the endospores, a combined endospore + LPE formulation appears to be the most suitable candidate for future evaluation in swine.
Zoledronate-induced activation of γδ T cells is associated with NK cell activation and reduced parasite burden in the cecum of Eimeria tenella-infected chicks.
Le QV, Matsubayashi M, Hatabu T
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Mar · PMID 41447961 · Publisher ↗
This study aimed to elucidate the role of γδ T cells in chicks infected with Eimeria tenella. Zoledronate was administered in vivo to activate γδ T cells. White Leghorn chicks were divided into four groups: zoledronate-t...
This study aimed to elucidate the role of γδ T cells in chicks infected with Eimeria tenella. Zoledronate was administered in vivo to activate γδ T cells. White Leghorn chicks were divided into four groups: zoledronate-treated (ZOL), infected control (CT), uninfected zoledronate-treated (UN/ZOL), and uninfected control (UN). Chicks in the CT and ZOL groups were orally inoculated with sporulated E. tenella oocysts (1 × 10^4 oocysts/chick) at 14 days of age. Fecal samples were collected between 4 and 15 days post-infection (dpi) to assess oocyst shedding. Cecal samples were obtained at 5 dpi for histopathological examination and gene expression analysis. Lesion and parasite burden scores were significantly reduced in the ZOL group compared with the CT group. Expression levels of IL-17 A, IL-21, and IFN-γ were significantly higher in the ZOL group, whereas IL-13 and PGES expression was significantly higher in the CT group. These findings indicate that activation of γδ T cells alleviates cecal tissue damage caused by E. tenella infection. Moreover, they suggest that NK cells activated by IL-21 may play a role in parasite control and contribute to the establishment of the local immune environment, but the effect of parasite control by IL-21-induced NK cell activation requires further research. Future studies should also explore whether γδ T cell activation and IL-21-mediated immunity are associated with mechanisms of parasite control.
Microsatellite-based genetic diversity and population structure of local goat breeds in Cyprus.
Işık Kalpar R, Özkan Ünal E, Önaldi AT … +6 more , Koluman N, Vurana G, Gözenler E, Olgu B, Bulancak A, Ince A
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Mar · PMID 41435601 · Publisher ↗
This study investigated the genetic diversity of three economically important goat breeds, Damascus, Pisuri, and Mahari, from Cyprus, utilizing 20 heterologous microsatellite loci. A total of 200 alleles were detected, a...
This study investigated the genetic diversity of three economically important goat breeds, Damascus, Pisuri, and Mahari, from Cyprus, utilizing 20 heterologous microsatellite loci. A total of 200 alleles were detected, averaging 10 alleles per locus. Damascus showed the highest genetic diversity (Na = 8.5), followed by Pisuri and Mahari (Na = 8.3). The effective number of alleles ranged from 2.589 (INRA005) to 8.891 (HSC), and Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) values (0.55-0.86) confirmed high polymorphism across loci. Observed (H) and expected (H) heterozygosities ranged from 0.4118 to 0.9574 and 0.4890 to 0.9016, respectively, with Pisuri displaying the highest genetic diversity. The mean inbreeding coefficient (F = 0.061) indicated moderate inbreeding. Genetic differentiation was low to moderate (F = 0.0068-0.1298), with Damascus being the most distinct population. STRUCTURE and factorial analyses supported the presence of three genetic clusters, clearly separating Damascus from Pisuri and Mahari. Despite minor deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the overall results revealed limited differentiation and high genetic diversity, particularly in Damascus. These findings provide valuable insights into the genetic composition of Cyprus goat breeds and highlight their importance for conservation and selective breeding strategies.
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