OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to present the most recent nationally representative prevalence estimates of obesity among adults with and without disabilities and to investigate the association between obesity and disabilit...OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to present the most recent nationally representative prevalence estimates of obesity among adults with and without disabilities and to investigate the association between obesity and disability. METHODS: The study included 5917 participants aged 20 years and older from the August 2021-August 2023 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Obesity was defined as BMI ≥ 30, using measured height and weight. Disability was defined as self-reported difficulties in seeing, hearing, walking, communication, cognition, and/or self-care. Prevalence ratios from logistic regression models that adjusted for age, sex, race-Hispanic origin, education, smoking, and health status were used to evaluate the association between obesity and disability. RESULTS: During August 2021-August 2023, 40.3% of adults had obesity and 16.5% had disabilities. The age-adjusted prevalence of obesity was higher among adults with disabilities compared to those without disabilities (50.6% vs. 37.9%, p < 0.001). After adjusting for sociodemographic and behavior-related characteristics, obesity prevalence remained higher for those with disabilities (adjusted prevalence ratio = 1.14, 95% CI 1.03-1.21). CONCLUSIONS: Differences in age, sex, race-Hispanic origin, education, smoking, and health status do not explain the difference in obesity prevalence between those with and without disabilities. Obesity prevalence among adults with disabilities was higher than that from studies using self-reported values.
Argente J, Haqq AM, Schorfheide JL
… +5 more, Touchot N, Huber C, Wiedemann U, Pomeroy J, Phase 3 BBS Trial Investigators
Obesity (Silver Spring)
· 2026 Mar · PMID 41703984
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OBJECTIVE: This analysis aimed to assess the efficacy of setmelanotide over 52 weeks in patients with Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) compared with an external natural history cohort from the international Clinical Registry...OBJECTIVE: This analysis aimed to assess the efficacy of setmelanotide over 52 weeks in patients with Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) compared with an external natural history cohort from the international Clinical Registry Investigating BBS (CRIBBS). METHODS: Patients with BBS ≥ 6 years of age (n = 29) treated with setmelanotide for 52 weeks in a phase 3 trial (NCT03746522) and a propensity-score matched external control cohort (n = 58) from CRIBBS were included. Responder rate at week 52 was defined as ≥ 0.3-point decrease in BMI z-score (patients ≤ 18 years) or ≥ 10% body weight reduction (adults). Secondary outcomes included changes in BMI, BMI z-score, and body weight. RESULTS: A significantly greater proportion of patients treated with setmelanotide met the primary endpoint compared with control patients (58.6% vs. 6.9%; p < 0.001). In pediatric patients, 71.4% achieved the primary endpoint vs. 10.7% of controls (p < 0.001); in adults, corresponding numbers were 46.7% vs. 3.3% (p = 0.001). Secondary outcomes demonstrated consistent benefits of setmelanotide treatment. Sensitivity analysis using inverse probability of treatment weighting confirmed these findings. CONCLUSIONS: This indirect comparison provides additional strong evidence that setmelanotide significantly improves weight outcomes in patients with BBS. These findings further support its clinical benefit over 52 weeks in managing obesity associated with BBS. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03746522.
de Almeida CM, Lopes KG, da Costa Tavares Bezerra M
… +6 more, Leal PRF, Bouskela E, da Gama EMF, de Farias MLF, Madeira M, Kraemer-Aguiar LG
Obesity (Silver Spring)
· 2026 Mar · PMID 41703971
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OBJECTIVE: The effects of metabolic and bariatric surgery on bone health still require further investigation. Osteometabolism biomarkers, bone microarchitecture (BM), and mineral density (BMD) of patients who have underg...OBJECTIVE: The effects of metabolic and bariatric surgery on bone health still require further investigation. Osteometabolism biomarkers, bone microarchitecture (BM), and mineral density (BMD) of patients who have undergone Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) within 2-5 years from surgery were compared to non-surgical age-, sex-, and BMI-matched controls. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 39 patients following RYGB (BG: aged = 39 ± 5 years, BMI = 42.2 ± 3.8 kg/m) and 21 controls (CG). Circulating levels of albumin, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, 25(OH) vitamin D, parathyroid hormone (PTH), carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX-1), and amino-terminal propeptide of type 1 procollagen (P1NP) were assayed. BMD and BM were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and three-dimensional high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography system (HR-pQCT). RESULTS: BG presented with higher circulating phosphorus, PTH, CTX-1, and P1NP and lower 25(OH) vitamin D compared to CG. DXA parameters did not differ between groups. However, HR-pQCT revealed significant derangements in BM (trabecular thickness, cortical bone density, and outer trabecular volumetric BMD) in BG. BG showed tibia-specific trabecular microarchitecture impairment, while sex and BMI showed the expected associations with BM measures. CONCLUSIONS: RYGB was associated with detrimental effects on osteometabolism biomarkers, as well as on density and structural parameters of BM. Early preventive strategies aimed at mitigating these deleterious effects should be systematically evaluated to minimize their long-term impact. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04193397).
OBJECTIVE: Guidelines recommend pairing antiobesity medications (AOMs) with behavioral treatment. This 12-week, two-arm randomized controlled trial evaluated oral AOMs with versus without behavioral treatment. METHODS: W...OBJECTIVE: Guidelines recommend pairing antiobesity medications (AOMs) with behavioral treatment. This 12-week, two-arm randomized controlled trial evaluated oral AOMs with versus without behavioral treatment. METHODS: We recruited 101 patients eligible for bupropion and naltrexone from a telehealth weight management clinic (WeightWatchers Clinic). Participants were randomized to (i) bupropion and naltrexone (n = 50) or (ii) bupropion and naltrexone with behavioral treatment (WeightWatchers) (n = 51). Remote measurements of body weight, behavioral, and psychosocial measures were completed at baseline and week 12. The primary outcome was the 12-week change in weight (kg). ANCOVA assessed differences in changes between groups. RESULTS: Participants (n = 101) were mostly female (94.1%), average 43.9 years old (SD: 10.7), with a mean BMI of 37.0 kg/m (SD: 6.3). At 12 weeks, those receiving behavioral treatment lost significantly more absolute and percent weight than those without behavioral treatment (mean difference: -1.8 kg, p = 0.03; mean difference: -1.6%, p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Combining oral AOMs with behavioral treatment via telemedicine resulted in significantly greater weight loss than medications alone, supporting the recommendation to pair AOMs with behavioral treatment. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT06470659.
Aydin BN, Stinson EJ, Looker HC
… +4 more, Walter P, Cabeza de Baca T, Krakoff J, Chang DC
Obesity (Silver Spring)
· 2026 Apr · PMID 41677021
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OBJECTIVE: Cholecystectomy (GBX) may alter energy metabolism, but human evidence is limited. We examined whether GBX alters energy expenditure (EE), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), and substrate oxidation. METHODS: A t...OBJECTIVE: Cholecystectomy (GBX) may alter energy metabolism, but human evidence is limited. We examined whether GBX alters energy expenditure (EE), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), and substrate oxidation. METHODS: A total of 384 healthy Southwestern Indigenous American adults (222 males, age 28 ± 6 years) were studied, including individuals with a history of gallbladder surgery [GBX(+), n = 39] and without surgery [GBX(-), n = 345]. In addition, 24-h energy metabolism was measured in a respiratory chamber. General linear models were adjusted for age, sex, body composition, and glucose regulation. RER and macronutrient oxidation rates were further adjusted for energy balance. RESULTS: GBX(+) participants were older (31 ± 7 vs. 27 ± 6 years, p = 0.0002) and mostly female (95% vs. 36%, p < 0.0001), and they had higher body fat (40% ± 5% vs. 32% ± 8%, p < 0.0001), although body composition differences were sex related. Adjusted models showed lower RER (β = -0.01, p = 0.01), higher lipid oxidation (β = 79 kcal/day, p = 0.03), and higher sleep EE (β = 78 kcal/day, p = 0.006) in the GBX(+) group. Other EE variables and macronutrient oxidation rates were not significantly associated with GBX history (all p's > 0.1). CONCLUSIONS: Independent of obesity, an absent gallbladder is associated with decreased RER and increased lipid oxidation and sleep EE rates, indicating that the gallbladder may have a role in metabolic fuel selection that has implications for metabolic health. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers: NCT00339482, NCT00340132.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to describe near real-time, county-level prevalence of overweight and obesity among individuals aged 18 years and older using electronic health records (EHRs) from Epic Cosmos and kiosks in re...OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to describe near real-time, county-level prevalence of overweight and obesity among individuals aged 18 years and older using electronic health records (EHRs) from Epic Cosmos and kiosks in retail locations. METHODS: Using cross-sectional data (January 2024-July 2025) from 85 million patients from EHRs and 1.2 million users of Pursuant Health kiosks, we estimated the prevalence of overweight (BMI: 25 to < 30 kg/m) or obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m) using height (EHRs: measured, kiosks: self-reported) and measured weight. Prevalence was estimated directly for EHRs and using multilevel regression and post stratification based on sociodemographic variables for kiosks, then compared with direct and modeled estimates from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) surveys: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. RESULTS: Nationally, the prevalence of overweight was 39.1% and 33.6% (95% CI: 32.8%-34.4%), and obesity was 43.7% and 43.3% (95% CI: 42.3%-44.4%) from EHRs and kiosks, respectively, which was similar to national surveys. Higher prevalence was observed among Non-Hispanic Black adults, those aged 45-64 years, and rural residents. County hot spots were observed across Southern and Midwestern states and were correlated with modeled CDC estimates (EHRs: 0.64, kiosks: 0.34). CONCLUSIONS: Recent EHR and kiosk samples of US adults show a high prevalence of overweight and obesity and identify local hot spots that are masked in surveys.
Hu KY, Ma YL, Dodge EA
… +8 more, Maguire OAB, Matias CV, Barney RP, Himede HS, Pardo JG, Cepeda M, Gordon SM, Bauer RC
Obesity (Silver Spring)
· 2026 Apr · PMID 41669974
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OBJECTIVE: The distribution of excess white adipose tissue (WAT) in obesity correlates with risk for comorbidities. Thus, understanding depot-specific WAT developmental mechanisms is translationally relevant. SNPs near t...OBJECTIVE: The distribution of excess white adipose tissue (WAT) in obesity correlates with risk for comorbidities. Thus, understanding depot-specific WAT developmental mechanisms is translationally relevant. SNPs near the gene CEBPA associate with waist to hip ratio, and while C/EBPα is a recognized regulator of adipogenesis, there is no previously known role for C/EBPα in regulating adipose distribution. METHODS: We crossed Cebpa floxed mice to the AdipoQ-Cre transgenic mouse strain, generating mice with adipocyte-specific knockout of Cebpa (Cebpa_ASKO). Mice were phenotyped on a chow diet and after prolonged high-fat diet (HFD) feeding. RESULTS: Cebpa_ASKO mice almost entirely lack gonadal WAT (gWAT), while inguinal WAT (iWAT) is present in near normal amounts. Despite developing, Cebpa_ASKO iWAT contains fewer and larger adipocytes, fails to expand under HFD challenge, and is dysfunctional as evidenced by transcriptomics and functional studies. Finally, Cebpa_ASKO mice have lipid-laden brown adipose tissue (BAT), increased hepatic triglycerides, and increased plasma cholesterol, all of which worsen with prolonged HFD feeding. CONCLUSIONS: These results highlight a previously unrecognized difference in the essentiality of C/EBPα for gWAT and iWAT development and highlight novel interorgan relationships between WAT and other metabolic tissues. Further studies of these specific mechanisms could have clinical relevance for targeting visceral adiposity in humans.
OBJECTIVE: Obesity prevalence in the United States has surged dramatically, yet comprehensive analysis of cardiovascular mortality patterns among adults with obesity remains lacking. METHODS: We analyzed CDC WONDER Multi...OBJECTIVE: Obesity prevalence in the United States has surged dramatically, yet comprehensive analysis of cardiovascular mortality patterns among adults with obesity remains lacking. METHODS: We analyzed CDC WONDER Multiple Cause of Death data for adults aged ≥ 25 years in the United States (1999-2023), identifying deaths where cardiovascular disease was the underlying cause and obesity was a contributing cause. Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMR) per 100,000 population were calculated. Joinpoint regression analysis identified temporal trends stratified by sex, age, race/ethnicity, and geographic region. RESULTS: Among 363,203 cardiovascular deaths, AAMR tripled from 3.40 to 10.34 per 100,000 (average annual percent change [AAPC]: +4.88%). Three distinct phases emerged: steady increase (1999-2018), pandemic acceleration (2018-2021, 12.22% annual increase), and recent decline (2021-2023). Men had higher mortality than women (12.69 vs. 8.06 per 100,000 in 2023). The 75-84 years group showed the steepest increase (AAPC: +5.66%). Non-Hispanic Black adults maintained the highest AAMR (18.30 per 100,000 in 2023). The South transformed from lowest to highest regional burden (AAPC: +5.52%). The disease spectrum shifted toward atherosclerotic and hypertensive conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Cardiovascular mortality among US adults with obesity tripled over 25 years, with widening disparities across demographic and geographic groups, necessitating equitable public health interventions targeting high-risk populations.
OBJECTIVE: While prior work has related pregravid or childhood excess weight to brain outcomes in children, their combined associations remain unclear. We examined these relationships in 6-year-old children. METHODS: Nin...OBJECTIVE: While prior work has related pregravid or childhood excess weight to brain outcomes in children, their combined associations remain unclear. We examined these relationships in 6-year-old children. METHODS: Ninety-nine mother-child pairs (60% girls) were classified into four groups based on pregravid BMI (< 25 vs. ≥ 25 kg/m) and child BMI (< 85th and ≥ 85th percentile). T1-weighted MRI assessed cortical thickness, sulcal depth, gyrification, and subcortical volumes in children. ANCOVA revealed group differences controlling age, sex, parental education, and birth weight (and total intracranial volume in non-thickness models). Bonferroni-adjusted post hoc tests followed omnibus tests. RESULTS: High pregravid BMI was associated with a thicker right superior temporal gyrus, while high child BMI was linked to greater gyrification in temporo-cingulate cortices. Both maternal and child higher BMI were related to a thinner right cuneus and a smaller right accumbens and pallidum. Children with higher BMI born to mothers with higher BMI showed deeper sulci in the left caudal middle frontal gyrus and reduced gyrification in the left entorhinal cortex. CONCLUSIONS: Higher BMI in both children and mothers, separately and jointly, was associated with gray matter differences in obesity-related regions. Longitudinal studies are needed to establish temporal relationships, mechanisms, biomarkers, and functional implications.
Abusheikha AJ, Johnson CSC, Snyder-Mackler N
… +4 more, Zimmerman KD, Frye BM, Shively CA, Register TC
Obesity (Silver Spring)
· 2026 Mar · PMID 41640108
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OBJECTIVE: Obesity, or excessive body fat, is a significant health risk factor. Western diets (WD) contribute to metabolic dysfunction and obesity, while Mediterranean diets (MD) improve metabolic health. This study exam...OBJECTIVE: Obesity, or excessive body fat, is a significant health risk factor. Western diets (WD) contribute to metabolic dysfunction and obesity, while Mediterranean diets (MD) improve metabolic health. This study examined the contrasting effects of WD versus MD on visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues (VAT, SAT) using a randomized preclinical trial in 38 female cynomolgus macaques assigned to consume either WD (n = 21) or MD (n = 17) for 31 months. METHODS: Body composition, metabolic parameters, and adipose transcriptomics were evaluated. RESULTS: WD significantly induced VAT and SAT accumulation, which was directly associated with insulin resistance, hepatosteatosis, and time spent alone and inversely related to cortisol suppression response to dexamethasone indicating hypothalamic-pituitary glucocorticoid insensitivity. Diet significantly influenced the VAT transcriptome, with MD upregulating pathways linked to RNA processing and protein folding while downregulating those involved in fatty acid oxidation and aerobic respiration. CONCLUSIONS: These findings highlight the protective role of MD against fat accumulation and metabolic dysfunction and provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying diet-induced obesity. Promoting this dietary pattern may help reduce obesity and chronic disease risk. Further research integrating proteomics and metabolomics is required to better understand diet-induced molecular changes.
OBJECTIVE: This meta-analysis evaluates the safety and efficacy of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) for the treatment of older adults with obesity compared to younger individuals. METHODS: A systemati...OBJECTIVE: This meta-analysis evaluates the safety and efficacy of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) for the treatment of older adults with obesity compared to younger individuals. METHODS: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO CRD420251074381). PubMed, Embase, and Scopus were searched until May 17, 2025, for randomized controlled trials and observational studies assessing GLP-1 RA in adults ≥ 65 years with obesity with or without type 2 diabetes. Random effects meta-analyses calculated the log odds ratios (LOR) for dichotomous outcomes and the mean differences (MD) for continuous outcomes, with equivalence testing via two one-sided tests (TOST) and meta-regression for baseline adjustments. RESULTS: Five studies involving 1229 participants were included. No significant difference in serious adverse events was found between older and younger adults (pooled LOR: 0.06, p = 0.9). Older adults had a trend toward lower frequency of nausea (LOR: -0.44, p = 0.06) but higher incidence of constipation (LOR: 0.72, p = 0.02) and hypoglycemia (LOR: 0.97, p < 0.001). Efficacy in metabolic and weight control was comparable. Additionally, one study suggested that liraglutide could reduce fat mass without worsening sarcopenia. CONCLUSIONS: GLP-1 RA therapy seems to be safe and effective in older adults with obesity, achieving similar effects on weight loss and glycemic control as in younger individuals.
Whytock KL, Divoux A, Gunsch G
… +11 more, Nie J, Kanshana JS, Basantani MK, Ross ZM, Pino MF, Glass C, Musi N, Kershaw EE, Townsend K, Smith SR, Sparks LM
OBJECTIVE: White adipose tissue (WAT) expansion occurs through generation of new adipocytes from adipose progenitor cells (APC). The objective of this study was to characterize and validate a new transcriptional profile...OBJECTIVE: White adipose tissue (WAT) expansion occurs through generation of new adipocytes from adipose progenitor cells (APC). The objective of this study was to characterize and validate a new transcriptional profile of APC. METHODS: Single-cell (sc)/nuclei (sn) RNA-Seq was performed on nuclei from whole WAT (n = 20), cells from WAT stromal vascular fraction (n = 5), and cultured APC in vitro (n = 8) using ICELL8 smart-Seq technology. Additional snRNA-Seq was performed on WAT using 10x genomic platform. Pseudotime analyses and differentiation of hiPSCs was used to track the temporal patterns of novel gene signatures. Immunohistochemistry was performed to validate a new marker. RESULTS: A pre-adipocyte population was found across the four independent datasets that expressed known pre-adipocyte markers (ZNF423 and DLK1) in addition to genes typically associated with neurogenes (DPP10, PTRPT, CTNNA2, NRXN3, CTNNA2, PTPRD, CNTNAP2 and RBFOX1). The expression of these genes were temporally regulated with adipocyte differentiation. Immunohistochemistry analyses confirmed these pre-adipocytes are located in the neurovascular niche of WAT but are not neurons or endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS: This work has defined a new transcriptional signature of pre-adipocytes in human subcutaneuous WAT that are distinct from mesencyhmal stem cell populations and represent novel targets for WAT expansion.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the association between SGLT2 inhibitor (dapagliflozin) use in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and changes in body weight and liver fat. METHODS: This is a secondary analysi...OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the association between SGLT2 inhibitor (dapagliflozin) use in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and changes in body weight and liver fat. METHODS: This is a secondary analysis of a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Fifty-six patients with T2D were randomized to placebo or 10 mg dapagliflozin. Anthropometrics, liver MRI-proton density fat fraction (PDFF), fasting glucose, HbA1c, and liver function tests were measured at baseline and at 12 months. The relationship between dapagliflozin use and changes in body weight and liver fat was investigated using multiple linear regression models and mediation analysis. RESULTS: In this cohort, 76% of participants had hepatic steatosis. Groups were similar in cardiometabolic risk factors and in liver fat fraction values. Compared to placebo, dapagliflozin resulted in reduction in liver MRI-PDFF (-3.7% vs. 0.5%, p = 0.001), body weight (-3.84 vs. -1.42 kg, p = 0.015), and HbA1c (-0.52 vs. 0.11, p = 0.012). Mediation analysis confirmed the direct effect of the SGLT2 inhibitor on change in liver fat and showed that the indirect effect of weight loss on change in liver fat was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Twelve months of dapagliflozin was associated with a significant reduction in liver fat as measured by MRI-PDFF compared to placebo; this effect was independent of weight loss and other known beneficial metabolic effects of SGLT2 inhibition. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03782259.
Ishigaki Y, Yamada M, Shingaki T
… +2 more, Oura T, Shimomura I
Obesity (Silver Spring)
· 2026 Mar · PMID 41612966
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OBJECTIVE: This prespecified subpopulation analysis aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of once-weekly tirzepatide versus placebo alongside lifestyle intervention in Japanese adults with obesity or overweight. METHOD...OBJECTIVE: This prespecified subpopulation analysis aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of once-weekly tirzepatide versus placebo alongside lifestyle intervention in Japanese adults with obesity or overweight. METHODS: Data from 102 Japanese adults in the SURMOUNT-1 trial with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m or ≥ 27 kg/m and ≥ 1 weight-related comorbidity were analyzed. Coprimary endpoints were mean percent change in body weight and the proportion of participants who achieved ≥ 5% body weight reduction at week 72. RESULTS: Participants in the tirzepatide 5-, 10-, and 15-mg groups had a statistically significantly greater (all p < 0.001) least squares mean (standard error) percent change in body weight compared with those in the placebo group: -12.0% (1.7%), -22.4% (1.7%), -22.1% (1.6%), and -0.3% (1.6%), respectively. Overall, 91.7%, 100%, and 96.6% of participants in the tirzepatide 5-, 10-, and 15-mg groups, respectively, had ≥ 5% weight reduction at week 72, compared with 15.4% in the placebo group. Significant improvements in cardiometabolic measures were also observed with tirzepatide at week 72 compared to placebo. No new safety concerns were identified. CONCLUSIONS: Once-weekly treatment with tirzepatide demonstrated significant reductions in body weight and prespecified cardiometabolic measures compared with placebo in Japanese adults with obesity or overweight. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04184622 https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04184622.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to describe real-world obesity medication (OM) prescribing and dispensing among adolescents and young adults (AYAs) and examine factors associated with dispensing. METHODS: A retrospective coh...OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to describe real-world obesity medication (OM) prescribing and dispensing among adolescents and young adults (AYAs) and examine factors associated with dispensing. METHODS: A retrospective cohort linked Nemours Children's Health electronic health record (EHR) to Surescripts dispensing (2020-2025). AYAs aged 12-20 with prescriptions for liraglutide, semaglutide, phentermine, phentermine-topiramate, or tirzepatide were included; youth with diabetes were excluded. Primary outcome was ever dispensed. Multilevel logistic regression assessed the odds of dispensing by race and ethnicity, Child Opportunity Index (COI), health insurance, prescription (Rx) coverage, drug, and prescription year. RESULTS: Among 1194 AYAs with ≥ 1 OM prescription, 56.7% received ≥ 1 fill. Versus semaglutide, dispensing odds were higher for liraglutide (OR 2.40), phentermine (OR 3.32), and phentermine-topiramate (OR 2.16) and lower for tirzepatide (OR 0.45; all p ≤ 0.003). Hispanic AYAs had lower odds than non-Hispanic White peers (OR 0.61; p ≤ 0.001). Public (OR 1.31) and mixed insurance (OR 1.63) and Rx coverage (OR 2.00; all p ≤ 0.05) were associated with higher odds. Despite increased rates of prescribing each year, rates of dispensing declined. CONCLUSIONS: Nearly half of AYA OM prescriptions were never dispensed. Barriers to initiation persist and inequities affect Hispanic youth. Addressing insurance/Rx coverage constraints may improve equitable access.
Ogle SB, Meneses EH, Kaizer AM
… +4 more, Moore JM, Mitchell JE, Michalsky MP, Inge T
Obesity (Silver Spring)
· 2026 Mar · PMID 41610870
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OBJECTIVE: Preoperative weight changes, predictors of weight changes, and subsequent implications on postoperative BMI reduction in adolescents preparing for bariatric surgery (MBS) have not been well described. METHODS:...OBJECTIVE: Preoperative weight changes, predictors of weight changes, and subsequent implications on postoperative BMI reduction in adolescents preparing for bariatric surgery (MBS) have not been well described. METHODS: Teen-Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery (Teen-LABS) consortium (prospective, observational MBS study at five centers from 2007 to 2011) participants who completed the preoperative phase within 3-9 months of initial visit were included in this analysis (n = 123). Participants were categorized into preoperative weight groups: > 1% loss, stable, or > 1% gain. Demographic, anthropometric, socioeconomic, medical, and behavioral data were analyzed. Postoperative percent BMI loss at 1, 5, and 8 years by weight group was compared. RESULTS: Preoperatively, 50% of participants lost weight, 20% remained stable, and 30% gained weight. The mean percent weight change by group was -4.2% (standard deviation [SD] 2.9%), +0.02% (SD 0.6%), and +5.2% (SD 5.3%), respectively. Eight-year postoperative BMI change was -21% (lost) and -26% (stable), compared to -15% among those who gained weight preoperatively (p = 0.11). No differences in preoperative weight-related behaviors were observed between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Most adolescents preparing for MBS maintained ±5% of their baseline weight. No statistically significant differences in postoperative BMI loss or factors predicting preoperative weight change were identified. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00474318.