Child Neuropsychology[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Caregiver report of social-emotional functioning in infants and young children after inflicted traumatic brain injury.
Connery AK, Lee AH, Peterson RL … +2 more , Dichiaro M, Chiesa A
Child Neuropsychol · 2024 Aug · PMID 38214531 · Publisher ↗
Social-emotional difficulties are common sequelae of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Children who have experienced inflicted TBI (iTBI) may be at increased risk for social-emotional problems due to the risk factors associa...
Social-emotional difficulties are common sequelae of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Children who have experienced inflicted TBI (iTBI) may be at increased risk for social-emotional problems due to the risk factors associated with both early neurologic injury and with child maltreatment. We characterized the associations among injury severity, caregiver type (i.e., biological parents, non-kinship, kinship), and child social-emotional functioning in 41 infants and young children who had sustained iTBI and were seen in a large, regional children's hospital. This study was a retrospective analysis, utilizing data collected from the medical record as part of routine clinical care. Social-emotional functioning was assessed with the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development-Third Edition. Children with more severe injuries were rated as having worse social-emotional functioning. Caregiver type was associated with child social-emotional scores, above and beyond injury and demographic predictors. Biological parents were more likely to report better social-emotional skills than non-kinship caregivers, with the pattern of results suggesting that rater bias plays a role in this difference. In order to ensure that children are accurately identified for supports, these relationships should be considered when interpreting caregiver report of social-emotional skills.
An evaluation of computerized attention and executive function measures for use with school age children with neurofibromatosis type 1.
Pardej SK, Casnar CL, Yund BD … +1 more , Klein-Tasman BP
Child Neuropsychol · 2024 Aug · PMID 38214530 · Publisher ↗
The present study investigated the performance of children with neurofibromatosis type 1 on computerized assessments of attention and executive function. Relations to ADHD symptomatology were also examined. Participants...
The present study investigated the performance of children with neurofibromatosis type 1 on computerized assessments of attention and executive function. Relations to ADHD symptomatology were also examined. Participants included 37 children (20 male) with NF1 (9-13 years; M = 11.02). Participants completed the NIH Toolbox Dimensional Change Card Sort, List Sort Working Memory (LSWM), and Flanker tasks, as well as Cogstate Identification and One Back tests. ADHD symptomatology was assessed using the K-SADS. Average performance was significantly different from the normative mean on every measure, except LSWM. The NIH Toolbox Flanker and Cogstate Identification tasks detected the highest proportion of participants with at least mild difficulty, and the Cogstate Identification task detected the highest proportion of participants with severe difficulty. Analyses revealed significant relations with ADHD symptomatology for two NIH toolbox tasks. The various computerized measures of attention and executive function offer different information when working with school age children with NF1. The NIH Flanker may offer the most room for change and offers face validity, which may be beneficial for clinical trials research. However, the LSWM shows most support for relations with behavioral indicators of attention and executive challenges.
Stability of executive function in children born at risk of neonatal hypoglycemia.
Dai DWT, Brown GTL, Franke N … +6 more , Gamble GD, McKinlay CJD, Nivins S, Shah R, Wouldes TA, Harding JE
Child Neuropsychol · 2023 Nov · PMID 38010710 · Full text
Executive function plays an important role in promoting learning and social-emotional development in children. Neonatal hypoglycemia associates with executive function difficulties at 4.5 years, but little is known about...
Executive function plays an important role in promoting learning and social-emotional development in children. Neonatal hypoglycemia associates with executive function difficulties at 4.5 years, but little is known about the development of executive function over time in children born at risk of neonatal hypoglycemia. We aimed to describe the stability of executive function from early to mid-childhood in children born at risk of neonatal hypoglycemia and its association with neonatal hypoglycemia. Participants in a prospective cohort study of infants born at risk for neonatal hypoglycemia were assessed at ages 2, 4.5, and 9-10 years. We assessed executive function with batteries of performance-based and questionnaire-based measures, and classified children into one of four stability groups (persistent typical, intermittent typical, intermittent difficulty, and persistent difficulty) based on dichotomized scores (typical versus low at each age). Multinomial logistic regression was used to determine the associations between neonatal hypoglycemia and executive function stability groups. Three hundred and nine children, of whom 197 (64%) experienced neonatal hypoglycemia were assessed. The majority of children had stable and typical performance-based (63%) and questionnaire-based (68%) executive function across all three ages. Around one-third (30-36%) of children had transient difficulties, and only a few (0.3-1.9%) showed persistent difficulties in executive function at all ages. There was no consistent evidence of an association between neonatal hypoglycemia and the stability of executive function. Neonatal hypoglycemia does not appear to predict a specific pattern of development of executive function in children born at risk.
Neuropsychological assessment in rare pediatric neurogenetic disorders: considerations for cross-cultural clinical research.
Bordes Edgar V, Dorsman KA, Horton D … +2 more , Messahel S, MacDonald B
Child Neuropsychol · 2024 Aug · PMID 37982761 · Publisher ↗
Neuropsychological assessment in rare neurodevelopmental disorders has provided clinicians and researchers with a more comprehensive view of natural history as well as opportunities for additional endpoints in treatment...
Neuropsychological assessment in rare neurodevelopmental disorders has provided clinicians and researchers with a more comprehensive view of natural history as well as opportunities for additional endpoints in treatment trials. While challenges to protocol development have been addressed in the literature, cultural considerations have been overly broad resulting in limited utility when including mixed international samples. Using experiences over the past five years with the development of ten different protocols for neurogenetic rare diseases, this paper presents further considerations for protocol development that are culturally sensitive to international samples. Recommendations are offered across areas including participants from multiple countries; cognitive, sensory and motor impairments; psychometrics; and assessment logistics. A neuropsychological assessment selection checklist that guides researchers and clinicians through considerations and a standard operating procedure that provides guidance on thinking through the assessment process are offered.
Neurocognitive outcome in children and adolescents following infectious encephalitis.
Bergman K, Fowler Å, Ygberg S … +2 more , Lovio R, Wickström R
Child Neuropsychol · 2024 Aug · PMID 37970642 · Publisher ↗
Infectious encephalitis in children is fairly uncommon, but unfavorable outcomes are seen in many survivors. The aim of this study was to prospectively describe the long-term neurocognitive consequences following infecti...
Infectious encephalitis in children is fairly uncommon, but unfavorable outcomes are seen in many survivors. The aim of this study was to prospectively describe the long-term neurocognitive consequences following infectious encephalitis in childhood. Children admitted to a primary and tertiary hospital in Sweden between 2011 and 2016 were asked to participate. Fifty-nine children were assessed at a median time of 18 months (IQR 18-20) after hospitalization. Follow-up included measures of intellectual functioning, attention, working memory, and executive functions. Caregiver ratings of executive functioning and behavioral - emotional symptoms were assessed with standardized questionnaires. Neurocognitive outcome and measures of executive functions and behavioral-emotional symptoms varied greatly among participants. Basic auditory attention, working memory, and mental processing speed were affected and significantly lower compared to a standardized mean. Other domains identified as areas of vulnerability included executive functions, sustained attention, and the exert of self-control. Behavioral-emotional symptoms were less common; however, somatic complaints and behaviors related to conduct problems were seen in about one-third of individuals. This study highlights the importance of a comprehensive neurocognitive examination to identify children with unfavorable outcomes.
Can psychopathy be prevented? Clinical, neuroimaging, and genetic data: an exploratory study.
Ostrosky F, Decety J, Lozano A … +13 more , Lujan A, Perez M, Munguia A, Castañeda D, Diaz K, Lara R, Sacristan E, Bobes MA, Borja K, Camarena B, Hernández-Muñoz S, Álvarez A, Franco-Bourland RE
Child Neuropsychol · 2024 Aug · PMID 37947201 · Publisher ↗
The aim of the study was to explore the relationship among brain functional activations elicited by an emotional paradigm, clinical scores (PTSD, anxiety, and depression), psychopathic traits, and genetic characteristics...
The aim of the study was to explore the relationship among brain functional activations elicited by an emotional paradigm, clinical scores (PTSD, anxiety, and depression), psychopathic traits, and genetic characteristics (5-HTTLPR) in a group of severely maltreated children compared to a healthy control group before and after the implementation of a Trauma Focused-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. The final sample consisted of an experimental group of 14 maltreated children (mean age = 8.77 years old, . = 1.83) recruited from a non-governmental shelter in Mexico City for children who had experienced child abuse and a control group of 10 children from the general population (mean age = 9.57 years old, . = 1.91). Both groups were matched according to age and gender and were assessed before and after the implementation of the aforementioned therapy by means of clinical scales and an emotional paradigm that elicited brain activations which were recorded through functional magnetic resonance imaging. Genotyping of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism was made at first assessment. A region of interest analysis showed amygdala hyperactivation during exposure to fear and anger stimuli in the maltreated children before treatment. Following therapy, a decrease in brain activity as well as a decrease in clinical symptoms were also observed. 5-HTTLPR polymorphism did not show any effect on the severity of clinical symptoms in maltreated children. Trauma-Focused Behavioral Therapy may help reorganize the brain's processing of emotional stimuli. These observations reveal the importance of an early intervention when the mechanisms of neuroplasticity may be still recruited.
Practical adaptive skills in pediatric brain tumor survivors: the contribution of medical factors and social determinants of health.
Nolan L, Jacobson LA, Peterson RK
Child Neuropsychol · 2024 Aug · PMID 37930038 · Publisher ↗
Pediatric brain tumor survivors demonstrate weaknesses in adaptive functioning, most notably practical adaptive skills; however, the specific areas of weakness within practical skills are unknown. This study examined the...
Pediatric brain tumor survivors demonstrate weaknesses in adaptive functioning, most notably practical adaptive skills; however, the specific areas of weakness within practical skills are unknown. This study examined the aspects of practical adaptive functions that are most impacted in brain tumor survivors, and identified medical and socio-demographic variables that predicted outcomes. The sample included 117 pediatric brain tumor patients seen for a clinical neuropsychological evaluation and whose parents completed the Adaptive Behavior Assessment System, Second or Third Edition. T-tests compared practical adaptive skills to normative means. Correlations examined associations between medical and socio-demographic variables and each of the practical adaptive subscales (Community Use, Home Living, Health & Safety, Self-Care). Significant correlations were entered into linear regression models for each practical adaptive skill. All practical subscales were significantly below the normative mean. Community Use was positively correlated with age at diagnosis and negatively correlated with treatment burden, time since diagnosis, and neighborhood deprivation. Health and Safety was positively correlated with age at diagnosis. Home Living was positively correlated with neighborhood deprivation. Self-Care was positively correlated with age at diagnosis and parental education. Specific medical and socio-demographic factors predicted practical adaptive functioning, highlighting the importance of considering the role of medical and socio-demographic determinants of health on adaptive functioning outcomes in pediatric brain tumors.
Predicting language outcomes in bilingual children with Down syndrome.
Ward R, Sanoudaki E
Child Neuropsychol · 2024 Jul · PMID 37921424 · Publisher ↗
Continuous approaches to measuring bilingualism have recently emerged as a means of understanding individual variation in language abilities. To date, limited information is available to assist in understanding the langu...
Continuous approaches to measuring bilingualism have recently emerged as a means of understanding individual variation in language abilities. To date, limited information is available to assist in understanding the language abilities of bilingual children with Down syndrome (DS), who are specifically known to have a large variation in linguistic outcomes. Group studies in this population report that children exposed to two languages do not differ from their monolingual counterparts after considering age and non-verbal cognitive abilities, although no study to date has examined the relationship between the amount of exposure to one language and the linguistic abilities in the other language within this population. This study sought to identify whether exposure to an additional language, specifically Welsh, predicted linguistic abilities in the majority language, in this case, English. Sixty-five children between the ages of 5;5-16;9 who had varied linguistic experiences completed a range of cognitive and linguistic assessments. Results from hierarchical regression analyses show that the amount of exposure to Welsh had no impact on language abilities in English, after controlling for non-verbal cognitive abilities, short-term memory and socioeconomic status. This demonstrates that exposure to an additional language does not have a negative impact on language development, a finding that has important clinical and educational implications.
Executive functions abilities in preschool-age children are negatively related to parental EF, screen-time and positively related to home literacy environment: an EEG study.
Horowitz-Kraus T, Fotang J, Niv L … +3 more , Apter A, Hutton J, Farah R
Child Neuropsychol · 2024 Jul · PMID 37906176 · Publisher ↗
Environmental factors such as Home Literacy Environment (HLE), screen time, and parental executive functions (EF) may influence the development of the child's EF. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of...
Environmental factors such as Home Literacy Environment (HLE), screen time, and parental executive functions (EF) may influence the development of the child's EF. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of these factors on behavioral and neurobiological measures of EF in 4-year-old children. Electroencephalogram (EEG) data were collected while children performed the Attention Network Task (ANT), showing a smaller difference between incongruent and congruent conditions is related to better EF abilities. Data were analyzed using an Event-Related Potential (ERP) technique focusing on the N200 and P300 components (reflecting executive control and orienting attention, respectively). N200 and P300 differences (delta) between amplitudes and latencies for the incongruent and congruent conditions were computed and correlated with child EF skills, HLE, screen exposure, and parental EF. Screen exposure was associated with lower EF in children and their parents. Additionally, smaller differences between N200 amplitudes and latencies for the incongruent vs. congruent conditions were associated with higher HLE scores. In contrast, greater differences between P300 amplitudes and latencies were related to longer screen time. HLE was positively associated with EF's neurobiological (EEG) and behavioral measures, and screen time was negatively associated with these measures. This study also highlights the important relationship between parental EF (i.e., family predisposition) and EF's neurobiological and behavioral measures in their children.
Cognitive dysfunction in pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus: current knowledge and future directions.
Kammeyer R, Ogbu EA, Cooper JC … +5 more , Stolz E, Piquet AL, Fuhlbrigge RC, Bennett JL, Hutaff-Lee C
Child Neuropsychol · 2024 Jul · PMID 37902575 · Full text
Cognitive dysfunction (CD) is a neurologic complication of pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) that remains poorly understood and understudied, despite the potential negative effects of CD on long-term socioecon...
Cognitive dysfunction (CD) is a neurologic complication of pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) that remains poorly understood and understudied, despite the potential negative effects of CD on long-term socioeconomic status and quality of life. Data regarding the prevalence and risk factors for CD in pediatric SLE as well as the optimal screening, treatment, and long-term outcomes for CD are lacking. In this review, we present current knowledge on CD in pediatric SLE with a focus on the application to clinical practice. We discuss the challenges in diagnosis, clinical screening methods, potential impacts, and interventions for this complication. Finally, we discuss the remaining gaps in our knowledge of CD in pediatric SLE, and avenues for future research efforts.
Associations between social adversity, caregiver psychological factors, and language outcomes in 9.5-year-old children born to women with opioid use disorder.
Newbury J, Sargayoos M, Bora S … +1 more , Henderson J
Child Neuropsychol · 2024 Jul · PMID 37872777 · Publisher ↗
We describe the language ability of children at age 9.5 years who were born to women with an opioid use disorder and examine the associations between prenatal opioid exposure, sex, social adversity, caregiver psychologic...
We describe the language ability of children at age 9.5 years who were born to women with an opioid use disorder and examine the associations between prenatal opioid exposure, sex, social adversity, caregiver psychological factors, and child language. Data were drawn from the regional prospective longitudinal Canterbury Methadone in Pregnancy study. At the 9.5-year wave, 80 children who were born to mothers in Methadone Maintenance Treatment and their caregivers, and 98 non-exposed comparison children were assessed using a comprehensive standardized measure of language. Information related to social adversity and caregiver psychological factors was obtained from comprehensive caregiver interviews. At age 9.5 years, opioid-exposed children had lower language scores than the non-exposed children, however their group average was within the normal range on the CELF-4 norms. A series of multivariate hierarchical regression models predicting low language at 9.5 years showed sex and opioid-exposure status predicted low language in the first step. The addition of social adversity factors significantly improved the model. The further addition of caregiver psychological factors did not improve prediction. Only sex was a significant predictor throughout. In this sample, children prenatally exposed to opioids were at higher risk of low language outcomes. However, the child being male and social adversity were important influencing factors. This suggests early language support services are indicated for opioid-exposed children, particularly boys and those in socially adverse circumstances.
Temporal discounting in children and adolescents with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a comparison of four scoring methods.
de Water E, Demurie E, Mies GW … +1 more , Scheres A
Child Neuropsychol · 2024 Jul · PMID 37860876 · Publisher ↗
Temporal discounting (TD) tasks measure the preference for immediate rewards over larger delayed rewards and have been widely used to study impulsivity in children and adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Dis...
Temporal discounting (TD) tasks measure the preference for immediate rewards over larger delayed rewards and have been widely used to study impulsivity in children and adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Relatively impulsive individuals tend to show high inconsistency in their choices, which makes it difficult to determine commonly used TD outcome measures (e.g., area under the curve, AUC). In this study, we leveraged two published datasets to compare four methods to compute TD outcome measures in children and adolescents (8-17 years) with ( = 107) and without ADHD ( = 128): two predetermined rules methods, a proportion method, and logistic regression. In both datasets, when using the two predetermined rules methods and the proportion method, TD outcomes were highly correlated and group differences in TD were similar. When using logistic regression, a large proportion of AUCs (95% in dataset 1; 33% in dataset 2) could not be computed due to inconsistent choice patterns. These findings indicate that predetermined rules methods (for studies with small sample sizes and experienced raters) and a proportion method (for studies with larger sample sizes or less experienced raters) are recommended over logistic regression when determining subjective reward values for participants with inconsistent choice patterns.
A follow up investigation of placental pathology, responsive parenting, and preschool children's executive functioning and language development.
Borairi S, Ozdemir B, Jenkins J … +3 more , Shah PS, Kingdom J, Ganea P
Child Neuropsychol · 2024 Jul · PMID 37811813 · Publisher ↗
Despite documented effects linking underlying placental diseases and neurological impairments in children, little is known about the long-term effects of placental pathology on children's neurocognitive outcomes. In addi...
Despite documented effects linking underlying placental diseases and neurological impairments in children, little is known about the long-term effects of placental pathology on children's neurocognitive outcomes. In addition, maternal responsivity, known to positively influence early postnatal cognitive development, may act to protect children from putative adverse effects of placental pathology. The current study is a follow up of medically healthy, term born, preschool age children, born with placental pathology. A sample of 118 children (45 comparison children with normal placental findings, 73 born with placental pathology) were followed when children were 3-4 years old. In comparison to children born to mothers with normal placentas, placental pathology was associated with poorer performance in the executive function involving cognitive flexibility, but not inhibitory control or receptive language. Maternal responsivity was observed to be marginally protective on the impact of placental pathology risk on cognitive flexibility, but this was not seen for either inhibitory control or receptive language.
Brief memory assessment in children: can the ChAMP Screening Index detect memory impairment?
Brooks BL, MacAllister WS, Fay-McClymont TB … +3 more , Mish S, Vasserman M, Sherman EMS
Child Neuropsychol · 2024 Jul · PMID 37782220 · Publisher ↗
Abbreviated memory batteries play a role in some clinical and research assessments, but their validity and accuracy need to be well supported. The purpose of this study was to examine the accuracy of the ChAMP Screening...
Abbreviated memory batteries play a role in some clinical and research assessments, but their validity and accuracy need to be well supported. The purpose of this study was to examine the accuracy of the ChAMP Screening Index for detecting memory impairment. The sample included = 804 youths (ages 5-21 years) with medical and neurological diagnoses who were presented for a clinical neuropsychological assessment. All completed the full Child and Adolescent Memory Profile and had valid data. The ChAMP Screening Index contains the first two subtests of the battery (Lists and Objects) and takes about 10 min to administer (full ChAMP is about 35 min). Analyses to examine the accuracy of the ChAMP Screening Index with both the Total Memory Index and Delayed Memory Index included Intraclass correlations, Cohen's Kappa coefficients, receiver operating characteristics, and classification metrics (e.g., sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values [PPV], and negative predictive values [NPV]). Very strong correlations, minimal mean difference scores, substantial agreement on kappa coefficients, and outstanding receiver operating characteristics all support the Screening Index accuracy. A cutoff score on the Screening Index of 70 provides a good balance between a high PPV (.91) and a high NPV (.96) for the Total Memory Index. When detecting impairment on the Delayed Memory Index, a Screening Index cutoff score of 65 provides a balance between a high PPV (.92) and a high NPV (.94). This study supports the accuracy, validity, and utility of the 10-min ChAMP Screening Index in those clinical and research situations where a brief evaluation of memory is desired.
Cognitive disengagement syndrome (sluggish cognitive tempo) and medical conditions: a systematic review and call for future research.
Fredrick JW, Jacobson LA, Peterson RK … +1 more , Becker SP
Child Neuropsychol · 2024 Jul · PMID 37712631 · Full text
Cognitive disengagement syndrome (CDS, previously referred to as sluggish cognitive tempo) is a unique set of symptoms distinct from ADHD inattentive symptoms that appear to be independently associated with neuropsycholo...
Cognitive disengagement syndrome (CDS, previously referred to as sluggish cognitive tempo) is a unique set of symptoms distinct from ADHD inattentive symptoms that appear to be independently associated with neuropsychological and psychosocial outcomes in community and ADHD-specific samples of youth. However, our understanding of CDS in individuals with chronic or complex medical conditions is limited. The current systematic review is the first to summarize the literature on CDS prevalence rates and associations with neurocognitive and functional outcomes in youth with medical conditions, and to discuss areas of future research to guide clinical intervention. We conducted literature searches across four major databases and included studies assessing prevalence estimates, associations with neuropsychological and/or psychosocial functioning, or predictors of CDS in individuals with chronic or complex medical conditions. Twenty-five studies were identified and retained. Fifteen of sixteen studies reported elevations in CDS symptoms, though findings were mixed in studies comparing mean differences to typically developing youth. Seven studies provided inconsistent evidence for CDS being associated with neuropsychological or academic functioning, with six studies demonstrating consistent effects on psychosocial functioning. Finally, nine studies identified biological and sociodemographic factors associated with CDS, though almost all await replication. CDS symptoms are significantly elevated in youth with medical conditions and appear to be particularly linked with psychosocial functioning. Future research is needed to identify prevalence of CDS across a range of medical conditions, examine associations with neuropsychological and psychosocial functioning, and examine whether CDS impacts self-management.
Cognitive disengagement syndrome in pediatric patients with long COVID: associations with mood, anxiety, and functional impairment.
Luedke JC, Vargas G, Jashar DT … +3 more , Morrow A, Malone LA, Ng R
Child Neuropsychol · 2024 May · PMID 37667487 · Full text
Children with long COVID often report symptoms that overlap with cognitive disengagement syndrome (CDS, previously sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT)), a set of behaviors distinct from attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorde...
Children with long COVID often report symptoms that overlap with cognitive disengagement syndrome (CDS, previously sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT)), a set of behaviors distinct from attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) including excessive daydreaming, mental fogginess, and slowed behavior and thinking. Those with long COVID also frequently report low mood and anxiety, which are linked to CDS. The relationships between cognitive difficulties, mood, and functional impairment have yet to be explored in pediatric long COVID. Specifically, it is unclear how much cognitive difficulties (CDS, inattention) contribute to functional impairment, when accounting for mood/anxiety symptoms in this population. Retrospective parent-reported data was collected from 34 patients with long COVID (22 females, M = 14.06 years, SD = 2.85, range 7-19) referred for neuropsychological consultation through a multidisciplinary Post-COVID-19 clinic. Compared to community and clinically referred samples, on average, long COVID patients showed elevated CDS symptoms, including Sluggish/sleepy (e.g., fatigue) and Low Initiation subscales (e.g., difficulty performing goal directed behaviors). Low Initiation, mood, anxiety, and inattention were associated with functional impairment. In multiple hierarchical regression models, after controlling for mood and anxiety, Low Initiation and inattention were no longer predictive of functional impairment. Instead, anxiety remained the sole predictor of functional impairment. Our results demonstrate that children with long COVID have high levels of CDS symptoms. The association between cognitive difficulties and functional impairment dissipated with the inclusion of mood and anxiety, suggesting behavioral health interventions targeting anxiety may help improve daily functioning and quality of life in pediatric long COVID patients.
The impact of time perception remediation on cold and hot executive functions and behavioral symptoms in children with ADHD.
Nejati V, Peyvandi A
Child Neuropsychol · 2024 May · PMID 37646622 · Publisher ↗
Children with ADHD struggle with impaired time management, indicating premature and temporally inadequate behavioral style. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of time perception remediation on hot and cold executive...
Children with ADHD struggle with impaired time management, indicating premature and temporally inadequate behavioral style. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of time perception remediation on hot and cold executive functions (EFs) and behavioral symptoms in children with ADHD. In this pilot study, an RCT design was employed to investigate the effects of the intervention on children with ADHD. The participants were assigned to either the control group ( = 15) or the intervention group ( = 13). The intervention group receive 10-12 sessions of program for attentive remediation of time perception (PART). Time perception, N-back, Wisconsin card sorting, Go/No-Go, balloon analog risk, Iowa gambling tasks, and Conner's parental rating scale were used for the assessment in three baseline, post-intervention, and follow-up sessions. Repeated measures ANOVAs were used for analysis. The results suggest improved time perception and risky decision making in intervention group. Working memory, inhibitory control, and cognitive flexibility did not improve after intervention. The behavioral symptoms ameliorated after intervention. Time perception is trainable in children with ADHD. This training effect transfers to hot EFs and behavioral symptoms, but not cold EFs. A cognitive model has been proposed based on the results of this studies and other cognitive training studies.
Early childhood sleep quantity, but not caregiver-reported sleep problems, predicts impulse control in children at age 8 years.
Nigro SE, Peugh J, Yolton K … +3 more , Chen A, Lanphear BP, Beebe D
Child Neuropsychol · 2024 May · PMID 37621121 · Full text
Short duration of sleep and poor sleep quality have been linked to poor attention and impulse control in children. We aimed to determine the longitudinal predictive value of sleep quantity and quality during early childh...
Short duration of sleep and poor sleep quality have been linked to poor attention and impulse control in children. We aimed to determine the longitudinal predictive value of sleep quantity and quality during early childhood on objective and caregiver-report measures of attention, impulse control, and executive function in children at age 8 years. We used data from the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment (HOME) Study, a pregnancy and birth cohort. Caregivers reported on their child's sleep at ages 2, 2.5, 3, 4, and 5 years. Analysis included 410 participants. We used longitudinal growth curve models of early childhood sleep patterns to predict neurobehavioral functioning at age 8 years. Sleep problems did not predict any of our outcome measures at age 8 years. Sleep duration trended shorter as children matured, so predictive models examined both intercept and slope. Children with the least decline in sleep duration across early childhood had fewer impulsive errors at age 8 years on a continuous performance test (unadjusted = .013; adjusted = .013). Children with shorter duration of sleep across early childhood had worse caregiver-reported behavioral regulation at age 8 years (unadjusted = .002; adjusted = .043). Neither sleep duration slope nor intercept predicted inattention or metacognitive skills at age 8 years ( > .05). Total sleep time across early childhood predicts behavior regulation difficulties in school-aged children. Inadequate sleep during early childhood may be a marker for, or contribute to, poor development of a child's self-regulatory skills.
Environmental predictors of children's executive functioning development.
Lynch JD, Xu Y, Yolton K … +6 more , Khoury JC, Chen A, Lanphear BP, Cecil KM, Braun JM, Epstein JN
Child Neuropsychol · 2024 May · PMID 37621102 · Full text
Executive functioning (EF) abilities develop through childhood, but this development can be impacted by various psychosocial environmental influences. Using longitudinal data from the Health Outcome and Measures of the E...
Executive functioning (EF) abilities develop through childhood, but this development can be impacted by various psychosocial environmental influences. Using longitudinal data from the Health Outcome and Measures of the Environment (HOME) Study, a prospective pregnancy and birth cohort study, we examined if psychosocial environmental factors were significant predictors of EF development. Study participants comprised 271 children and their primary caregivers (98.5% mothers) followed from birth to age 12. We identified four distinct EF developmental trajectory groups comprising a consistently impaired group (13.3%), a descending impairment group (27.7%), an ascending impairment group (9.95%), and a consistently not impaired group (49.1%). Higher levels of maternal ADHD and relational frustration appear to be risk factors for increased EF difficulty over time, while higher family income may serve as a protective factor delaying predisposed EF impairment. Important intervention targets might include teaching positive and effective parenting strategies to mothers whose children are at risk for EF dysfunction.
Utilizing maternal prenatal cognition as a predictor of newborn brain measures of intellectual development.
Holland CM, Alleyne K, Pierre-Louis A … +8 more , Bansal R, Pollatou A, Barbato K, Cheng B, Hao X, Rosen TS, Peterson BS, Spann MN
Child Neuropsychol · 2024 May · PMID 37489806 · Full text
Identifying reliable indicators of cognitive functioning prior to age five has been challenging. Prior studies have shown that maternal cognition, as indexed by intellectual quotient (IQ) and years of education, predict...
Identifying reliable indicators of cognitive functioning prior to age five has been challenging. Prior studies have shown that maternal cognition, as indexed by intellectual quotient (IQ) and years of education, predict child intelligence at school age. We examined whether maternal full scale IQ, education, and inhibitory control (index of executive function) are associated with newborn brain measures and toddler language outcomes to assess potential indicators of early cognition. We hypothesized that maternal indices of cognition would be associated with brain areas implicated in intelligence in school-age children and adults in the newborn period. Thirty-seven pregnant women and their newborns underwent an MRI scan. T-weighted images and surface-based morphometric analysis were used to compute local brain volumes in newborn infants. Maternal cognition indices were associated with local brain volumes for infants in the anterior and posterior cingulate, occipital lobe, and pre/postcentral gyrus - regions associated with IQ, executive function, or sensori-motor functions in children and adults. Maternal education and executive function, but not maternal intelligence, were associated with toddler language scores at 12 and 24 months. Newborn brain volumes did not predict language scores. Overall, the pre/postcentral gyrus and occipital lobe may be unique indicators of early intellectual development in the newborn period. Given that maternal executive function as measured by inhibitory control has robust associations with the newborn brain and is objective, brief, and easy to administer, it may be a useful predictor of early developmental and cognitive capacity for young children.
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