Water Environment Research[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Aerogel-Derived Mesoporous MgO for Fluoride Removal: Mechanisms and In Situ Groundwater Remediation Potential.
Ou JH, Lin JH, Surampalli RY … +3 more , Zhang TC, Chen WT, Kao CM
Water Environ Res · 2026 Jul · PMID 42392600 · Publisher ↗
This study developed a novel aerogel magnesium oxide (AG-MgO) adsorbent designed for the efficient removal of fluoride from contaminated groundwater. The aerogel method was employed to uniformly mix magnesium nitrate hex...
This study developed a novel aerogel magnesium oxide (AG-MgO) adsorbent designed for the efficient removal of fluoride from contaminated groundwater. The aerogel method was employed to uniformly mix magnesium nitrate hexahydrate [Mg (NO)·6HO] with chitosan to form precursor gel beads. Through high-temperature calcination (600°C), Mg (NO)·6HO was transformed into MgO particles, which were uniformly attached to the carrier for AG-MgO formation. Batch and column experiments were conducted to characterize the produced AG-MgO, identify optimal conditions, and evaluate the effectiveness of practical applications. Characterization results indicated that the synthesized AG-MgO possessed a well-developed porous structure with a specific surface area of 14.9 m/g, a pore volume of 0.2 cm/g, and an average pore size of 51.5 nm, providing a 3.5-fold higher surface area than pristine MgO. In batch experiments, the optimal AG-MgO dosage was determined to be 0.6 g/L for an initial fluoride concentration of 10 mg/L. The adsorption process was exceptionally well-fitted by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R = 0.999) and the Langmuir isotherm model (R = 0.985); maximum adsorption capacity of 128.2 mg/g, firmly demonstrating that chemisorption was the rate-controlling, dominant mechanism. Furthermore, continuous column trials validated its long-term remediation efficacy, achieving an initial fluoride removal efficiency of 85% within the first three pore volumes (PVs), and maintaining a stable average removal efficiency of 62.4% over extended pumping (4-15 PVs). These findings suggest that AG-MgO can be strategically deployed in practical in situ groundwater remediation, either via early-stage upstream injection for rapid plume reduction or as a permeable reactive barrier for sustained and long-term concentration control.
Rinsing Aircraft Hangar Fire Suppression System Components Contaminated With PFAS: Analysis of Rinse Waters and Pipe Surfaces.
Diskin J, Eckhoff K, Schober JD … +3 more , Sleight T, Magnuson M, Harper WF
Water Environ Res · 2026 Jul · PMID 42392575 · Publisher ↗
This study examined PFAS persistence on plumbing components obtained from a retired aircraft hangar. The effect of rinse volume and pipe corrosion was investigated to address technical gaps and inform practical solutions...
This study examined PFAS persistence on plumbing components obtained from a retired aircraft hangar. The effect of rinse volume and pipe corrosion was investigated to address technical gaps and inform practical solutions for PFAS-impacted fire suppression systems. The components, rinsed with deionized water, included straight pipe sections as well as elbows and proportioners. Solid-phase extraction with HPLC/MS/MS was employed to analyze PFAS in the rinse waters. Straight pipe sections followed trends for PFAS persistence reported in the literature for such sections, and the results for elbows and proportioners, not previously reported, suggested meaningful differences compared to straight sections. Results indicate that a single rinsing cycle consisting of three volumes of deionized water is capable of partially removing PFAS and that the amount of PFAS removed by successive rinses decreases with each rinse. Pre- and post-rinse pipe specimens were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Corrosion of the components impacts desorption, potentially due to a weakly bound layer on the surface and a strongly bound layer interacting with metal oxides. These results inform future research and decontamination protocols needed for remediating firefighting infrastructure contaminated with PFAS.
Spatiotemporal Variations of Temperature, Oxygen, and Salinity in a Typical Constructed Wetland for Source Water Protection in a Plain River Network.
Zhai W, Sun J, Wang L … +3 more , Xu J, Fu Q, Wang W
Water Environ Res · 2026 Jul · PMID 42389986 · Publisher ↗
Pond-wetland-reservoir complexes serve as critical buffers in the pretreatment of micro-polluted source water, yet their spatiotemporal hydrochemical dynamics-and the ecological implications thereof-remain poorly quantif...
Pond-wetland-reservoir complexes serve as critical buffers in the pretreatment of micro-polluted source water, yet their spatiotemporal hydrochemical dynamics-and the ecological implications thereof-remain poorly quantified across functional units. This study characterizes the seasonal and diurnal variability of water temperature (WT), dissolved oxygen (DO), and electrical conductivity (EC) in a multi-stage source-water constructed wetland (Yanlong Lake, Yancheng, eastern China) by integrating seven published studies (2013-2019) with two high-density in situ spring monitoring campaigns (116 sites, 2023). Results suggest that high-temperature seasons amplify inter-unit thermal heterogeneity (maximum ΔWT up to 1.5°C), whereas the emergent vegetation zone appears to attenuate both seasonal and diurnal temperature fluctuations-exhibiting seasonal amplitude (DifMaxMin) below ~21°C, suggesting an indicative thermal-buffering threshold in this system. The wetland maintained a net oxygenation effect throughout the year, elevating yearly mean DO concentration and saturation by ~74% relative to source water, with the strongest enrichment occurring during winter and spring. Electrical conductivity showed a progressive upstream-to-downstream increase during spring, with littoral margins of the submerged and deep-water zones emerging as ionic accumulation hot spots. On the diurnal scale, the distributary channels of the emergent zone remained near-isothermal (~20°C-21°C) and relatively resistant to atmospheric forcing, whereas littoral zones behaved as temperature-sensitive hot spots with pronounced DO supersaturation and elevated EC. We introduce the concepts of "thermal-buffer zones" and "temperature-sensitive zones" to characterize wetland thermal heterogeneity and discuss the implications of the ~21°C threshold for biogeochemical processes and algal ecology. These findings advance understanding of eco-hydrochemical coupling in constructed wetlands and may inform climate-adaptive wetland design and source-water quality management.
Removal of Malachite Green Using Activated Carbon From Coconut Husk and Groundnut Shell: Adsorption Kinetics and Electrochemical Studies.
Agarwal M, Dubey S, Kumar A
Water Environ Res · 2026 Jul · PMID 42389904 · Publisher ↗
In this research work, the desorption of malachite green dye from water by means of adsorption onto NaOH-activated carbon obtained from agricultural waste sources including coconut husks and peanut shells is examined. Sc...
In this research work, the desorption of malachite green dye from water by means of adsorption onto NaOH-activated carbon obtained from agricultural waste sources including coconut husks and peanut shells is examined. Scanning Electron Microscopy, X-Ray Diffraction, and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy were applied for activated coconut husk carbon and activated groundnut shell carbon. The activated coconut husk carbon demonstrated a remarkable removal efficiency of 95.6%, whereas the activated groundnut shell carbon exhibited a removal efficiency of 92.1% at an optimal pH of 7-8, adsorbent dosage of 0.03 g, and initial dye concentration of 20 ppm. The adsorption mechanism followed the Freundlich isotherm model with an R value of 0.98 and 0.99 for activated coconut husk carbon and activated groundnut shell carbon. Furthermore, electrodes for groundnut and coconut shells were made, and these were then electrochemically characterized using methods such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, linear sweep voltage measurement, and cyclic voltammetry. Maximum dye removal of 90% was obtained at 40 min for reaction time with an initial dye concentration of 20 ppm.
Water Quality Assessment in the Reconquista Basin and Its Effects on a Native Freshwater Gastropod.
Bianco KA, Paredes MG, Nostro FLL … +1 more , Kristoff G
Water Environ Res · 2026 Jul · PMID 42389842 · Publisher ↗
This study assessed toxicological effects of anthropogenic pollution in Las Catonas stream (Reconquista River basin, Argentina) on the freshwater gastropod Biomphalaria straminea and water physicochemical parameters incl...
This study assessed toxicological effects of anthropogenic pollution in Las Catonas stream (Reconquista River basin, Argentina) on the freshwater gastropod Biomphalaria straminea and water physicochemical parameters including Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn and the pesticides chlorpyrifos and glyphosate detection. Water samples were collected (April 2022 and 2023) downstream of industrial treatment facilities and peri urban farms and acute and subchronic bioassays were performed exposing B. straminea snails to the samples. A multibiomarker approach was employed, including biochemical and reproductive responses. Although most physicochemical variables were within guideline values, fluctuations in pH, dissolved oxygen, ammonium and nitrites levels were noted. Metals and pesticides were not above the detection limits (Cu and Zn: 50 μgL; Cd and Pb: 0.1 μgL; chlorpyrifos and glyphosate: 0.01 μgL). Water samples from both sites elicited some variable biological responses, indicating site and year dependent alterations, so longer term and seasonal assessments are required to obtain conclusions more robust. The reduction in hatching success in snails exposed to water samples reinforces the importance of incorporating early life stages of B. straminea into ecotoxicological water assessments.
Explainable and Optimized Gradient Boosting Algorithms for Near-Real-Time Prediction of Cyanobacterial Alert Levels in Freshwater Systems.
Cappelletti MA, Sathicq MB, Atía MJ … +3 more , Cochero J, Olivera LM, Osio JR
Water Environ Res · 2026 Jul · PMID 42384017 · Publisher ↗
Harmful cyanobacterial blooms (HABs) pose serious risks to freshwater ecosystems, drinking water supplies, and public health, highlighting the need for reliable early-warning systems. This study presents a rigorously val...
Harmful cyanobacterial blooms (HABs) pose serious risks to freshwater ecosystems, drinking water supplies, and public health, highlighting the need for reliable early-warning systems. This study presents a rigorously validated machine learning framework for predicting cyanobacterial alert levels under strongly imbalanced conditions using routinely measured physicochemical variables. Four gradient boosting algorithms were systematically combined with 12 resampling strategies and evaluated within a nested cross-validation framework to ensure unbiased performance assessment. Model evaluation incorporated metrics tailored to imbalanced classification, including recall, F1-score, balanced accuracy (BA), and the Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC), with particular emphasis on the detection of alert events. Results demonstrate that resampling is critical for improving minority-class detection, with SMOTE-based approaches consistently providing the most favorable balance between sensitivity and precision across algorithms. LightGBM combined with SMOTE achieved the highest recall and F1-score, together with strong BA and MCC values and low variability across folds, indicating robust generalization. XGBoost combined with SMOTE exhibited a more balanced precision-recall profile with comparable overall performance but higher variability. SHAP-based interpretability analyses revealed consistent and ecologically meaningful drivers across models, with water temperature, turbidity, and pH emerging as the most influential predictors. By restricting inputs to variables measurable in near real time using low-cost in situ sensors, the proposed framework is designed to support operationally feasible early-warning applications through frequent updates of alert-level predictions within environmental monitoring systems. Overall, the findings highlight the importance of addressing class imbalance, ensuring rigorous validation, and incorporating interpretability to support practical and operationally feasible cyanobacterial early-warning applications.
Sequential Activation of Geothermal Silica Enhances Immobilization of Indigenous Bacterial Consortia for Wax-Rich Batik Wastewater Bioremediation.
Yuniati MD, Andriani D, Rachmawati V … +6 more , Nurjayati R, Andriyani R, Dida EN, Ambarsari H, Syamimi N, Puteh MH
Water Environ Res · 2026 Jul · PMID 42384011 · Publisher ↗
Batik wastewater contains high concentrations of recalcitrant hydrophobic wax, reactive dyes, and heavy metals. Conventional biological treatments are limited because single strains often cannot degrade wax effectively,...
Batik wastewater contains high concentrations of recalcitrant hydrophobic wax, reactive dyes, and heavy metals. Conventional biological treatments are limited because single strains often cannot degrade wax effectively, whereas free bacterial consortia (FBC) are susceptible to washout. This study evaluated indigenous wax-degrading bacterial consortia immobilized on sequentially activated geothermal waste silica and optimized the carrier properties to enhance wax and organic load removal from real batik wastewater. Geothermal silica was tailored through a four-step activation sequence including water washing, hydrochloric acid activation, thermal activation, and surface functionalization to improve its physicochemical suitability as an immobilization carrier. The performance of immobilized bacterial consortia (IBC) was compared with FBC using standard indicators (oil and grease, COD, and BOD). The activated silica achieved an immobilization efficiency of 64.04%. In real batik wastewater, IBC delivered 99.32% oil and grease removal with simultaneous reductions of 56.01% in BOD and 58.20% in COD, outperforming FBC (98.96% oil and grease removal; 26.29% BOD and 47.73% COD reduction). These results demonstrate that sequentially activated geothermal silica is a low-cost, effective carrier for immobilizing indigenous consortia, enabling more stable and enhanced removal of wax and organic load in batik wastewater.
Biofilms, Bugs, and the Built Environment: Exploring Local and Landscape Drivers of Diatom and Macroinvertebrate Assemblages in Urban Stormwater Ponds.
Izma G, McIsaac D, Raby M … +3 more , Yates AG, Prosser R, Rooney RC
Water Environ Res · 2026 Jul · PMID 42381550 · Full text
Stormwater management ponds (SWPs) are engineered systems designed primarily for flood control and sediment capture in urban landscapes. Despite their intended function, these ponds are often colonized by aquatic biota a...
Stormwater management ponds (SWPs) are engineered systems designed primarily for flood control and sediment capture in urban landscapes. Despite their intended function, these ponds are often colonized by aquatic biota and can contribute to urban biodiversity. We investigated the ecological condition of 21 SWPs in a highly urbanized city in southern Ontario, Canada, by assessing the composition of periphytic diatom and aquatic macroinvertebrate assemblages and relating these to water quality, pesticide contamination, physical habitat features, and surrounding land use. Assemblages were dominated by pollution-tolerant taxa. Water quality parameters were good predictors of variation in community composition for both assemblages, whereas pesticide contamination was associated with diatom relative abundances, and local vegetation cover was associated with macroinvertebrate relative abundances. Landscape variables within a 300-m buffer surrounding the SWPs were not associated with community composition or taxonomic richness for either assemblage, suggesting that site-level conditions exert stronger ecological influence. These findings highlight the importance of using multiple biological assemblages to capture different aspects of ecological condition and the value of integrating biological monitoring into stormwater infrastructure planning. Enhancing emergent and riparian vegetation, reducing pollutant inputs, and managing contaminant pathways may improve biodiversity potential in urban SWPs.
High-Efficiency Plasma Remediation of Petroleum Wastewater: A Comparison of Gliding Arc and Dielectric Barrier Discharge Air Plasma Jet.
Rathore V, Tamman A, Taleh R … +10 more , Masae S, Bor-In P, Kongprawes G, Zala AB, Barkhade T, Eknapakul T, Adam T, Sarapirom S, Dheerawan B, Nisoa M
Water Environ Res · 2026 Jul · PMID 42376959 · Publisher ↗
Petroleum wastewater contains persistent and toxic hydrocarbons that are difficult to remove using conventional treatment methods. Non-thermal plasma provides an advanced oxidation pathway by generating reactive species...
Petroleum wastewater contains persistent and toxic hydrocarbons that are difficult to remove using conventional treatment methods. Non-thermal plasma provides an advanced oxidation pathway by generating reactive species directly in water without chemical additives. This study compares gliding arc (GA) plasma and dielectric barrier discharge air plasma jet (DBD-APJ) for petroleum wastewater remediation. GA operates in a high-current arc regime, while DBD-APJ functions in a low-current filamentary mode, producing distinct reactive environments. GA achieved ~90% degradation within 90 s (4.1 g kWh), with ~65% COD and ~45% TOC removal. DBD-APJ reached ~55% degradation in 15 min (0.88 g kWh). Results highlight the critical role of discharge characteristics in controlling oxidation pathways and treatment efficiency.
Real Wastewater Performance of Electrospun Metal Organic Framework Membranes for Simultaneous Adsorption and Photodegradation of Emerging Organic Pollutants: A Comprehensive Critical Review.
El Sawaf AK, Nassar AA, Hammouda GA … +3 more , El Gawad HA, Mubarak MF, Metwally BS
Water Environ Res · 2026 Jul · PMID 42376947 · Publisher ↗
Conventional wastewater treatment technologies fail to intercept emerging organic pollutants at environmentally relevant trace concentrations. This failure is mechanistic: adsorptive concentration and oxidative mineraliz...
Conventional wastewater treatment technologies fail to intercept emerging organic pollutants at environmentally relevant trace concentrations. This failure is mechanistic: adsorptive concentration and oxidative mineralization operate as structurally decoupled processes within all established treatment platforms. The present review addresses this gap directly. It critically and exclusively examines the real wastewater performance of dual-function electrospun metal-organic framework (MOF) membranes as integrated adsorption photocatalysis systems for emerging organic pollutant removal. Unlike prior reviews confined to idealized synthetic matrices, this work interrogates authentic wastewater complexity across MIL, UiO, and ZIF series frameworks embedded in polymer nanofiber carriers. Real wastewater imposes quantifiable and compounding performance penalties. Natural organic matter suppresses adsorptive uptake by 30%-60%. Bicarbonate scavenges photogenerated hydroxyl radicals at 8.5 × 10 M s. Phosphate coordinates irreversibly to Lewis acid metal nodes, producing near-permanent active-site deactivation. These matrix effects collectively erode the adsorption pre-concentration effect, which constitutes the mechanistic foundation of dual-function synergy. Microporous framework architectures resist this erosion more effectively than large-pore analogues through size-selective exclusion of competing organic matter. No standardized framework currently exists for cross-study performance comparison. This review proposes one. Four metrics are introduced: the capacity reduction factor, the photodegradation deviation index, the synergy preservation factor, and the apparent quantum yield. Three barriers obstruct credible deployment readiness: the absence of operational data beyond 30 days, incomplete ecotoxicological characterization of treated effluents, and the absence of pilot-scale field validation.
Identifying Seawater Intrusion and Hydrochemical Processes in the Cangzhou Area of the North China Coastal Plain.
Chen J, Zhang H, Wang Z … +2 more , Yang Y, Zhang Z
Water Environ Res · 2026 Jul · PMID 42376893 · Publisher ↗
Cangzhou City on the western coast of the Bohai Sea, a typical coastal plain, was investigated using major ion data from 123 groundwater samples (63 shallow and 60 deep). The Hydrochemical Facies Evolution Diagram (HFE-D...
Cangzhou City on the western coast of the Bohai Sea, a typical coastal plain, was investigated using major ion data from 123 groundwater samples (63 shallow and 60 deep). The Hydrochemical Facies Evolution Diagram (HFE-D) and the Groundwater Quality Index for Seawater Intrusion (GQI) were applied to assess seawater intrusion and its hydrochemical evolution. Groundwater is predominantly brackish, with salinity decreasing inland from the coast, and seawater influence is markedly stronger in the shallow aquifer than in the deep confined aquifer. Compared with the single Cl indicator, GQI reduces the impact of local anomalies and more reliably reflects the regional distribution of intrusion intensity. Hydrochemical facies evolve from Ca-HCO to Ca-Cl and then to Na-Cl, and HFE-D indicates that salinization results from freshwater-seawater mixing combined with reverse cation exchange and mineral dissolution rather than simple mixing alone. The shallow aquifer acts as the main zone of salt migration and transformation, whereas deep groundwater chemistry is controlled primarily by long-term water-rock interaction. The combined application of GQI and hydrochemical evolution analysis identifies seawater intrusion from both quantitative and process perspectives and provides a scientific basis for groundwater management and zoning in coastal plains.
The Screening, Identification, and Efficient Nitrogen Removal Performance of a Novel Heterotrophic Nitrifying-Aerobic Denitrifying Pseudomonas sp. L5.
Lu R, Chen G, Wang Y … +4 more , Zhou F, Li S, Xiao S, Dong Y
Water Environ Res · 2026 Jul · PMID 42375011 · Publisher ↗
A novel bacterium with heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification (HN-AD) capability, designated Pseudomonas sp. L5, was isolated from the activated sludge of an aerobic denitrification reactor in our laboratory...
A novel bacterium with heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification (HN-AD) capability, designated Pseudomonas sp. L5, was isolated from the activated sludge of an aerobic denitrification reactor in our laboratory and subsequently identified. This strain can efficiently conduct nitrogen metabolism using NH -N, NO -N and NO -N as nitrogen sources. Single-factor experiments combined with response surface methodology (RSM) were used to optimize the culture conditions of strain L5. The predicted optimal conditions for growth and nitrogen removal were a C/N ratio of 31.29, sodium acetate as the carbon source, a temperature of 31.18°C, and an initial pH of 7.25. Notably, even under mildly alkaline conditions (pH 9.0), the strain maintained high aerobic denitrification efficiency, with a NO -N removal rate of 86.236%. The nitrogen metabolism pathway of strain L5 was elucidated through a combined analysis of the expression of key HN-AD genes and enzyme activities. The denitrification capacity of strain L5 under alkaline conditions provides a theoretical basis and technical support for the application of aerobic denitrifying bacteria in high-pH wastewater treatment.
Bioremediation Mechanisms of Methyl Orange by Ceriporia lacerata RF-7: From Characterization of Nanoporous Surfaces to Spontaneous Thermodynamics.
Al-Hawash AB
Water Environ Res · 2026 Jul · PMID 42366503 · Publisher ↗
This study focused on the critical environmental problem of harmful synthetic dyes being discharged into aquatic environments, which cannot be purified by conventional methods. We investigated the removal of methyl orang...
This study focused on the critical environmental problem of harmful synthetic dyes being discharged into aquatic environments, which cannot be purified by conventional methods. We investigated the removal of methyl orange (MO) using Ceriporia lacerata RF-7, a recently discovered white-rot fungus, as a potent bioadsorbent. SEM and BET analyses of the biomass structure and texture revealed a complex, porous hyphae with sufficient surface area for dye adsorption, as well as a large specific surface area and mesoporous structure that promotes molecular diffusion. The efficiency of bioadsorption was significantly influenced by pH and temperature, achieving a maximum removal rate of 95.0% at pH 4. High removal efficiency was maintained up to 40°C, and at 30°C, the adsorption process was found to be thermodynamically spontaneous. This thermal stability shows that treating industrial wastewater does not require rigorous temperature control and is an energy-efficient method. Equilibrium results confirmed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model (R > 0.999) and demonstrated a significant maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 185.10 mg/g, surpassing many commercially available and biological adsorbents. Kinematic studies demonstrated that the bioadsorption process adheres to a pseudo-second-order reaction mechanism, indicating that the rate-limiting step is influenced by both definite chemisorption and surface interactions. Thermodynamic studies show that the process is spontaneous (∆G < 0), is endothermic (∆H = +58.20 kJ/mol), and leads to greater disorder at the solid-liquid interface (∆S = +224.0 J/mol·K). These findings underscore RF-7 as a strong, environmentally friendly, and highly effective biosorbent, providing a sustainable approach for the efficient treatment of industrial wastewater contaminated with dyes.
The Establishment of an Indigenous-Led Drinking Water Monitoring Program Leveraging qPCR and Metagenomics Testing in New Zealand.
Redmile C, Sutherland D, Devane M … +5 more , Taylor W, Busby I, Glackin A, Gilpin B, Chambers T
Water Environ Res · 2026 Jul · PMID 42363687 · Full text
An Indigenous-led monitoring program was established in partnership with the South Island Māori (Indigenous population of New Zealand [NZ]) tribe of NZ to understand and improve local drinking water safety. The aims of t...
An Indigenous-led monitoring program was established in partnership with the South Island Māori (Indigenous population of New Zealand [NZ]) tribe of NZ to understand and improve local drinking water safety. The aims of the project were to: (1) establish an Indigenous-led drinking water monitoring program; (2) utilize a full suite of monitoring tools to understand source water hazards and treatment efficacy; and (3) test the effectiveness of advanced water sampling techniques in Indigenous communities. Advanced sampling techniques were used for fecal source tracking to identify existing public health hazards and to provide assurance that any remedial interventions were effective. The program trained a total of 27 individuals from 16 different Indigenous communities in water quality sampling and helped to identify and address six microbial water quality issues. This project underscored the benefits of engaging Indigenous Peoples in governance and decision-making processes and in alleviating systemic barriers that prevent Indigenous communities from realizing safe water quality and sufficient water infrastructure.
Hydrogeochemical Signatures, Genetic Mechanisms, and Sustainable Utilization Potential of Groundwater Resources in a Typical Arid Alluvial-Proluvial Plain of the Closed Qaidam Basin on Tibetan Plateau.
Chen H, Hu W, Yang S … +8 more , Xiao Y, Zhao Z, Qin G, Chang L, Wang L, Chen H, Yang H, Wang J
Water Environ Res · 2026 Jul · PMID 42363681 · Publisher ↗
Clarifying the hydrochemical attributes and genesis of groundwater within arid endorheic basins is crucial for ensuring its sustainable utilization locally. This research examines the hydrochemical properties, evolutiona...
Clarifying the hydrochemical attributes and genesis of groundwater within arid endorheic basins is crucial for ensuring its sustainable utilization locally. This research examines the hydrochemical properties, evolutionary processes, and water quality suitability of groundwater in a representative arid closed basin located on the Tibetan Plateau. Findings indicate that groundwater exhibits neutral to weakly alkaline conditions, with TDS and major ions showing marked spatial heterogeneity, increasing from the river valley alluvial plain to the alluvial-lacustrine plain. Hydrochemical types transition from mixed ClMg·Ca to ClNa type along the groundwater flow path. Groundwater chemistry is co-influenced by natural factors and human activities. Evaporative concentration is the dominant natural factor (composition contribution of 38.1%), followed by evaporite dissolution (composition contribution of 27.7%) and silicate weathering, while agricultural activities and domestic pollution contribute significantly to nitrate and ammonium contamination. EWQI assessment indicates most groundwater is unsuitable for direct drinking, with only 23.33% of samples rated as good or excellent. Nitrate is identified as the primary health risk factor, particularly threatening children and infants. This study recommends targeted nitrate control measures in high-risk areas to ensure drinking water safety.
Eco-Friendly Copper Recovery: Insights to Algal and Agricultural Waste Application.
Abrahamyan N, Vardanyan A, Barseghyan S … +4 more , Castro L, Muñoz JA, Zhang R, Vardanyan N
Water Environ Res · 2026 Jul · PMID 42363254 · Publisher ↗
Copper release from mining and electronic waste poses an environmental challenge, requiring sustainable recovery technologies. This study investigated a biohydrometallurgical approach combining bioleaching and biosorptio...
Copper release from mining and electronic waste poses an environmental challenge, requiring sustainable recovery technologies. This study investigated a biohydrometallurgical approach combining bioleaching and biosorption. Copper was mobilized from waste printed circuit boards (PCBs) using the iron-oxidizing bacterium Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, generating a copper-rich pregnant leach solution (PLS). Low-cost biosorbents, including agricultural wastes, spent coffee grounds, and algal biomass, were evaluated in batch experiments for Cu removal from aqueous solutions. Among the tested materials, Fucus vesiculosus exhibited the highest adsorption performance, achieving 80.3% Cu removal from synthetic solutions and 89.6% from diluted real pregnant leach solution at pH 6. Kinetic analysis showed that copper biosorption followed pseudo-first- and pseudo-second-order models, indicating physical adsorption and chemisorption. Desorption with EDTA achieved the highest efficiency (94.9%) while preserving biosorbent stability. These findings highlight F. vesiculosus as an eco-friendly, reusable biosorbent and support coupling bioleaching with biosorption for sustainable copper recovery from diverse electronic waste streams.
Hydrogeochemical Formation Mechanisms and Water Supply Suitability of Groundwater in the Northern Grassland Region on Inner Mongolia Plateau, China.
Liu J, Liu J, Li Y … +8 more , Li Y, Zhang Q, Zhang J, Wang J, Xiao Y, Ma S, Chen H, Hu W
Water Environ Res · 2026 Jul · PMID 42362962 · Publisher ↗
Groundwater sustains the development of arid grasslands worldwide, yet its availability is increasingly threatened by human activities and climate change. This study takes the northeastern grassland on Inner Mongolian Pl...
Groundwater sustains the development of arid grasslands worldwide, yet its availability is increasingly threatened by human activities and climate change. This study takes the northeastern grassland on Inner Mongolian Plateau to get insights into the hydrochemical characteristics, formation mechanisms, and quality of groundwater resource in arid grasslands. The results show that groundwater in the study area is weakly alkaline and predominantly composed of HCO-Ca, Cl-Na, mixed HCO-Na·Ca, and mixed Cl-Mg·Ca facies. The hydrochemical evolution of the groundwater is primarily controlled by the dissolution of silicate minerals through water-rock interaction. Cation exchange also plays a crucial role in regulating the composition of major ions. Groundwater in the priority exploitation zones (the central area, eastern margin, and riparian zones of the two rivers) has relatively good quality, with 54.2% of samples had water quality suitable for direct consumption. The greatest susceptibility to noncarcinogenic risks was observed for infants, with nearly 30% of sampling sites falling into the high-risk category for this subgroup. Meanwhile, NO , F, and Mn pose nonnegligible potential noncarcinogenic risks across all age-gender groups. Although most samples were deemed suitable for agricultural irrigation, a subset from the northern hilly area was classified as unsuitable for long-term use due to high sodium hazard levels. This research offers new understanding and a scientific basis for advancing sustainable groundwater management and drinking water safety protocols in similar agro-pastoral ecotones.
Removal of Ceftriaxone Sodium From Water by Powdered Activated Carbon From Typha australis.
Sanou YG, Bombiri NI, Koffi KR … +5 more , Konaté FO, Combéré W, Djandé A, Khalid M, Yonli AH
Water Environ Res · 2026 Jul · PMID 42362494 · Publisher ↗
The intensive use of pharmaceuticals and the fate of their metabolites in the environment are a growing concern. Antibiotics are one of the most important groups of drugs, due to their high consumption, eco-toxicity, and...
The intensive use of pharmaceuticals and the fate of their metabolites in the environment are a growing concern. Antibiotics are one of the most important groups of drugs, due to their high consumption, eco-toxicity, and human toxicity. The aim of the present study was to develop an efficient method for the removal of ceftriaxone sodium by activated carbon obtained from Typha australis. Vegetal material was carbonized at four different temperatures (450°C, 500°C, 550°C, and 600°C) and activated with HPO. IR spectroscopy was used to characterize the materials. The iodine value and methylene blue adsorption were determined for porosity assessment of activated carbon samples. The results showed an adsorption rate for ceftriaxone sodium of 100% for a contact time of 60 min with the carbon activated at 600°C. From experimental raw data modeling, the maximum adsorption capacity was about 59.17 mg·g. The adsorption kinetics were best described by the pseudo-second-order model. The experimental data were well fitted by the models of Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin. Ceftriaxone sodium removal was optimal at approximately pH 6 and 40°C, with agitation at 130 rpm.
Finite-Element-Informed Pyramid Neural Network With Draco Lizard Optimizer for Accurate and Efficient Water Contamination Classification.
Gunti NR, Subrahmanyam K
Water Environ Res · 2026 Jul · PMID 42362479 · Publisher ↗
Water Contamination is a major issue of concern in the aquaculture industry, and it affects the sustainability of the ecosystem as well as the health of the aquatic species. Measuring pollution clean-up in water is the k...
Water Contamination is a major issue of concern in the aquaculture industry, and it affects the sustainability of the ecosystem as well as the health of the aquatic species. Measuring pollution clean-up in water is the key component of efficient supervision and defense of aquatic organisms. Conventional ways of evaluating results are usually slow, expensive, and subject to errors, and the current methods of deep learning have certain issues to do with the variability of the data within the system being evaluated, interpretability, and predictive analysis. To mitigate the problems, this paper presents a Finite-Element-Informed Pyramid Neural Network with Draco Lizard Optimizer (F-E-IPNNet-DLO) as a robust water contamination classifier. The benchmark dataset is preprocessed with Trimmed Scores Regression to K-Means Clustering (TSRK-MC) to deal with noise, outliers, and missing values, and then the Billiards-inspired Ebola Search Optimization Algorithm (B-ESOA) to predict features. The chosen features are then transferred to a pyramid-featured neural network to extract the features, multi-scaled using Draco Lizard Optimizer (DLO). Exceptional accuracy, recall, precision, F1-score, and specificity (99.97% on Dataset-1 and 99.96% on Dataset-2) and minimal predictive errors demonstrate the reliability, applicability, and efficiency of the model in sustainable aquaculture and environmental conservation.
Atmospheric Deposition as a Cross-Media Pathway for Aquatic Contamination: Occurrence, Transformation, and Ecological and Human Health Impacts.
Liu N, Du Z, Liu B … +4 more , He G, Zhang X, Yang X, Wang Y
Water Environ Res · 2026 Jul · PMID 42361273 · Publisher ↗
Atmospheric deposition is a major cross-media pathway by which contaminants enter aquatic environments, with significant implications for water quality and ecosystem integrity. This review synthesizes current knowledge o...
Atmospheric deposition is a major cross-media pathway by which contaminants enter aquatic environments, with significant implications for water quality and ecosystem integrity. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the sources, atmospheric transformation processes, deposition fluxes, and ecological and human health risks of atmospheric pollutants reaching water bodies, with an emphasis on linking sources, transformations, deposition, and impacts within a unified framework. Data from the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research indicate that anthropogenic emissions are the dominant source, whereas pollutant fate is strongly shaped by solar radiation-driven photochemistry, ozone oxidation, and radical-mediated heterogeneous reactions that control secondary formation and modify pollutant composition, toxicity, and deposition behavior. Although the relative contribution of atmospheric deposition varies by region and pollutant class, available evidence shows that it accounts for 40%-60% of persistent organic pollutant inputs to rivers and lakes, ~20% of dissolved organic matter inputs to lakes and marshes, 5%-12% of microplastic inputs to the oceans, and up to 24.5% of inorganic compound inputs (e.g., SO and NO) to rivers and lakes. Once deposited, these contaminants can drive aquatic ecotoxicity and increase human exposure through inhalation, water use, and trophic transfer, contributing to both acute effects and chronic outcomes such as cancer, reproductive disorders, and organ damage. By integrating evidence across multiple pollutant classes, this review highlights atmospheric deposition as a unifying cross-media pathway linking emissions, transformation, aquatic contamination, and risk.
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