Psychological Reports[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Associations Between Social Deprivation and Mental Health Symptoms in Sexual and Gender Minority Adults.
Twilbeck B, Hammer LA, Bonfils KA
Psychol Rep · 2026 Mar · PMID 41861092 · Publisher ↗
Sexual and gender minority (SGM) populations include individuals who identify as non-heterosexual and/or whose gender identity does not align with their sex assigned at birth. SGM populations experience higher rates of s...
Sexual and gender minority (SGM) populations include individuals who identify as non-heterosexual and/or whose gender identity does not align with their sex assigned at birth. SGM populations experience higher rates of social deprivation-disadvantages in socioeconomic factors and living conditions-compared to non-SGM groups. While current research highlights the negative health impacts of social deprivation, no work has assessed whether SGM identity moderates associations between social deprivation and mental health symptoms. Further, it is unknown whether specific measures of social deprivation are more strongly associated with mental health. This study aimed to fill these gaps by examining associations between social deprivation and mental health symptoms, as well as whether these relationships vary between SGM and non-SGM groups. Participants ( = 450) recruited from Prolific completed measures of anxiety, depression, schizotypy, and paranoia. The Social Deprivation Index and Social Vulnerability Index were derived from participants' zip codes. Neither social deprivation measure was significantly associated with mental health symptoms. SGM status did not moderate associations between social deprivation and mental health symptoms, though the SGM group reported lower income levels, higher rates of social deprivation, and were more likely to have previously received mental health diagnoses and treatment compared to the non-SGM group. Results contribute to our understanding of socioeconomic factors related to mental health symptoms, particularly among minoritized groups. Future work should analyze interactions between individual-level and community-level factors on SGM mental health.
Discrimination Under Ego Depletion: Differential Effects for Perceived Controllable and Uncontrollable Stigmas.
Schriver J, Perunovic M, Perunovic WQE … +1 more , Levins N
Psychol Rep · 2026 Mar · PMID 41854536 · Publisher ↗
This study investigates the effect of self-control on discrimination against groups with perceived controllable and uncontrollable stigmas by experimentally manipulating state self-control. Sixty-nine university students...
This study investigates the effect of self-control on discrimination against groups with perceived controllable and uncontrollable stigmas by experimentally manipulating state self-control. Sixty-nine university students in Canada completed either an ego depletion task intended to temporarily reduce their ability to exert self-control (depletion condition) or a similar task that did not affect self-control (control condition), and then filled out a measure assessing their discrimination against various groups. Results showed that participants in the depletion condition displayed greater discrimination against an uncontrollable stigma group (cutting more funds from the Arabs Association) than did participants in the control condition, but less discrimination against perceived controllable stigma groups (cutting less funds from the Smokers Rights Association and the Fat is Beautiful groups). These findings suggest that ego depletion may exacerbate biases against groups with inherent, unchangeable characteristics, but reduce negative biases towards groups whose stigma may be perceived as controllable.
The Socioeconomic-Driven Academic Achievement Gap: Sources of Risk and Resilience.
Kitchin JL, Karlin NJ, Kole J
Psychol Rep · 2026 Mar · PMID 41849249 · Publisher ↗
Using the Social Ecological Model of Resilience the present study sought to gain further understanding into the factors of various social systems to academic achievement and for various socio-economic levels. Investigati...
Using the Social Ecological Model of Resilience the present study sought to gain further understanding into the factors of various social systems to academic achievement and for various socio-economic levels. Investigation into the relationships between social, dispositional, and school-based social sources of risk and protection, their relationships with academic achievement and how these relationships differ between low-, median-, and high-income groups. 535 undergraduate participants from diverse backgrounds were asked to provide information about participant social factors, school-based social factors, and individual connections to school. Results of the MANOVA showed that the Pillai's Trace was significant (F = 3.14; = .001; η = .082; observed power = .99) indicating a difference across SES groups on a linear combination of academic achievement, dispositional, social, and school-based social factors. Also, SES group membership demonstrated a statistically significant effect on academic achievement (F (2,323) = 7.22; = 00; η = .04), connection to school (F (2,323) = 5.10; = 01; η = .03), neighborhood inputs (F (2,323) = 3.35; = 02; η = .02), community inputs (F (2,323) = 3.95; = 02; η = .02), and teacher and staff support (F (2,323) = 3.00; = 05; η = .02). Post-hoc analysis suggested significant group differences between three SES groups for academic achievement, community inputs, neighborhood factors, and connection to school. Academic achievement serves the greatest discriminant function. No significant indirect effects were observed per the model with the model potentially being improved moving the connection from dispositional factors to school-based social factors (M.I. = 131.73; standardized E.P.C. = .72). Significant relationships were found between social systems, school-based social systems, and dispositional factors that indicate families, neighborhoods, and communities provide significant sources of risk and protection.
Levels of Reported Depression, Boredom Salience, and Sexual Boredom as a Function of Length of Time on Antidepressant Medications.
Riccardi J, Revill A, McHugh S … +3 more , Weiss E, Farvid P, Todman M
Psychol Rep · 2026 Mar · PMID 41843659 · Publisher ↗
Boredom is linked to numerous negative psychological conditions, yet remains critically under-researched. Individuals with depression frequently experience boredom, yet the relationship between boredom and antidepressant...
Boredom is linked to numerous negative psychological conditions, yet remains critically under-researched. Individuals with depression frequently experience boredom, yet the relationship between boredom and antidepressants remains largely unexplored. We investigated the associations between antidepressants and various dimensions of boredom using an online sample (N = 251). This study focused on SSRIs, the most frequently prescribed antidepressant, to reduce variability across drug classes. Sexual boredom was of particular interest due to its association with both depression and SSRI-induced sexual dysfunction. Participants who reported using SSRIs for six weeks to two years reported higher levels of sexual, trait, and state boredom compared to non-SSRI users. However, no significant differences emerged between non-users and those on SSRIs for over two years. Clinical implications include the need for psychoeducation on boredom as a potential side effect influencing treatment adherence. Increased research is needed to explore the intersection of boredom and psychiatric treatment outcomes.
Learning Poverty Among Disadvantaged Primary School Students in Rural Areas: A CHAID Analysis.
Kızıltaş Y
Psychol Rep · 2026 Mar · PMID 41843489 · Publisher ↗
By the end of primary school, every student is expected to be able to read and comprehend a simple text comfortably. A 10-year-old student's inability to comprehend what they read causes them to experience learning pover...
By the end of primary school, every student is expected to be able to read and comprehend a simple text comfortably. A 10-year-old student's inability to comprehend what they read causes them to experience learning poverty. Learning poverty is a significant problem that many students face today. The purpose of this study is to investigate the levels of learning poverty in the context of reading proficiency among disadvantaged primary school students in rural areas. The study, developed using quantitative research methods, employed a criterion sampling method. All 606 students in the study, whose data were collected in 2025, are in the fourth grade of primary school. The students continue their education in five different rural provinces of Türkiye. The CHAID analysis revealed that primary school students in rural areas have high levels of learning poverty. According to the research findings, the strongest predictor of learning poverty among primary school students is teacher mobility in rural schools. In addition, inadequate nutrition and the absence of lunchboxes emerge as significant determinants of learning poverty. Furthermore, having a large number of siblings in the household (particularly seven or more), low levels of parental involvement in schooling, limited access to reading resources, and student absenteeism are also prominent factors associated with learning poverty. The findings indicate that learning poverty cannot be explained solely by individual academic failures or deficiencies; rather, it is strongly shaped by structural inequalities and socioeconomic disadvantages. In this regard, ensuring the continuity and stability of teachers assigned to rural areas is as critical as increasing the number of teacher appointments to these regions. Based on these results, the implementation of school-based and national nutrition programs, along with initiatives aimed at strengthening parental involvement, appears essential for effectively combating learning poverty.
Relationship between Psychological and Academic Entitlements and Maladaptive Outcomes of Undergraduates: The Mediating Role of Emotional Intelligence.
Hong FY, Chiu SI, Wang CH … +2 more , Hsu TY, Lee WC
Psychol Rep · 2026 Mar · PMID 41804712 · Publisher ↗
Few studies have examined the mechanisms linking psychological (PE) and academic entitlement (AE) to mental health. This study investigated 294 non-Western undergraduates to analyze the relationships among PE, AE, and ps...
Few studies have examined the mechanisms linking psychological (PE) and academic entitlement (AE) to mental health. This study investigated 294 non-Western undergraduates to analyze the relationships among PE, AE, and psychological health, and their potential mechanisms. Students with higher AE reported greater anxiety and depression, and lower emotional intelligence (EI). In contrast, those with higher PE showed greater anxiety but also higher levels of EI. EI also acted as a significant mediating factor in the relationships between AE and anxiety and depression, as well as between PE and anxiety. These findings highlight the distinct roles of PE and AE in mental health. Results highlight EI's buffering role against entitlement-related maladaptive outcomes.
The Association Between Sexual Cognitions of Dominance/Submission and Sexual Arousal Challenges Traditional Gender Roles.
Sierra JC, Jiménez-Olmedo A, Pérez-Amorós C … +1 more , Sánchez-Pérez GM
Psychol Rep · 2026 Mar · PMID 41773673 · Publisher ↗
Given the lack of research examining the relationship between sexual cognitions of dominance and submissionexperienced as positive (PSC) and negative (NSC)and sexual arousal, this study examines gender differences in thi...
Given the lack of research examining the relationship between sexual cognitions of dominance and submissionexperienced as positive (PSC) and negative (NSC)and sexual arousal, this study examines gender differences in this association. A total of 1,400 cisgender heterosexual adults (700 men and 700 women), aged 18 to 79 years ( = 35.91; = 13.66), participated in the study. They self-reported the frequency of dominance and submission PSC and NSC, as well as sexual arousal and penile erection/vaginal lubrication experienced in the context of heterosexual sexual activity. The results indicate, first, gender differences in the frequency of these sexual cognitions: men report PSC more frequently and women report NSC more frequently; and second, that sexual cognitions involving submission (both positive and negative) have a greater association with sexual arousal in men than in women, whereas positive sexual cognitions of dominance showed the inverse pattern. The findings are discussed considering traditional gender roles.
Investigating the Effects of Smartphone Use During Short Breaks on Cognitive Performance and Affective States.
Yildirim B, Rummel J
Psychol Rep · 2026 Feb · PMID 41762666 · Publisher ↗
Smartphones have become an integral part of daily life, yet their impact on the attentional and affective system remains uncertain. This study investigates whether using smartphones during breaks between cognitive tasks...
Smartphones have become an integral part of daily life, yet their impact on the attentional and affective system remains uncertain. This study investigates whether using smartphones during breaks between cognitive tasks influences subsequent performance and mind wandering compared to sitting quietly. Using a within-subjects design, participants completed a 2-back task and took short breaks during which they either used their smartphones or sat quietly without using their smartphones. We measured task performance and mind wandering frequencies during the 2-back task as well as mind wandering during breaks, participants' mood before and after the breaks, and their tendency to check their smartphones spontaneously in daily life. The results revealed no significant differences in mind wandering frequency during the two types of breaks. Additionally, there were no significant differences in subsequent task performance or mind wandering frequency between smartphone and no-smartphone breaks. However, participants felt more positive after smartphone than no-smartphone breaks, and their tendency to check their smartphones spontaneously was positively correlated with this positive mood improvement. These findings suggest that brief smartphone use during breaks may enhance mood, but do not affect performance or mind wandering in a subsequent cognitive task.
Weight Self-Stigma and Home Physical Activity in Adolescents: A Moderated Mediation Model.
Zhou Q, Song B, Guo W … +1 more , Zhang Q
Psychol Rep · 2026 Feb · PMID 41758600 · Publisher ↗
Physical activity deficiency among adolescents represents a significant public health concern, particularly in home settings. While weight self-stigma has been identified as a potential barrier to physical activity, the...
Physical activity deficiency among adolescents represents a significant public health concern, particularly in home settings. While weight self-stigma has been identified as a potential barrier to physical activity, the mechanisms underlying this relationship remain unclear. This study examined how weight self-stigma influences adolescents' home physical activity through psychological needs satisfaction in exercise and investigated the moderating role of family physical activity climate in this relationship. Participants were 1,328 adolescents (676 males, 656 females) from three cities in Hunan Province, China. Data were collected at two time points to minimize common method bias. Participants completed measures of weight self-stigma, psychological needs satisfaction in exercise, family physical activity climate, and home physical activity. Weight self-stigma negatively affected home physical activity (β = -0.488, < 0.01). Psychological needs satisfaction in exercise partially mediated this relationship, with a significant indirect effect (β = -0.159, 95% CI [-0.200, -0.124]). Family physical activity climate moderated the relationship between psychological needs satisfaction and home physical activity (β = 0.216, < 0.01). The moderated mediation analysis revealed stronger indirect effects at high levels of family physical activity climate (β = -0.226, < 0.01) compared to low levels (β = -0.011, ns). These findings suggest that weight self-stigma impairs adolescents' home physical activity both directly and indirectly through reduced psychological needs satisfaction, while a positive family physical activity climate can buffer these negative effects.
Intolerance of Uncertainty and Future Anxiety in University Students: Examining the Mediating Role of Cognitive Control of Emotions and Problem-Solving Skills.
Tunçel A, Yalçın M
Psychol Rep · 2026 Feb · PMID 41757433 · Publisher ↗
Future anxiety is a specific type of anticipatory anxiety involving persistent worry and fear about potential adverse future outcomes. It is especially common among university students, as they undergo significant develo...
Future anxiety is a specific type of anticipatory anxiety involving persistent worry and fear about potential adverse future outcomes. It is especially common among university students, as they undergo significant developmental transitions and face uncertainties regarding their careers, relationships, and identities. This study examined the mediating roles of cognitive control of emotions and problem-solving (PS) skills in the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty (IU) and future anxiety. Drawing on Bandura's social cognitive theory, the research explored how cognitive and behavioral self-regulation mechanisms are related to students' responses to uncertainty within a theoretically informed associational framework. A sample of 348 undergraduates completed validated self-report measures, including the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale Short Form, the Cognitive Control and Flexibility Scale, the Problem-Solving Inventory, and the Future Anxiety Scale in University Students. Parallel mediation analyses revealed that IU was significantly associated with both dimensions of future anxiety. Notably, the relationship between IU and fear of the future was partially mediated. In contrast, the association between IU and hopelessness about the future was fully accounted for by cognitive control of emotions and PS skills in the mediation model. These results suggest that higher levels of IU are associated with greater future anxiety, particularly when individuals exhibit lower levels of cognitive control of emotions and PS skills. Cognitive control of emotions was found to be a more potent mediator than PS skills, highlighting the important role of emotional regulation in relation to future-oriented distress. These findings suggest that interventions targeting emotional regulation strategies, such as cognitive reappraisal, may hold promise for addressing future anxiety among university students. The current study enhances our understanding of future anxiety by highlighting key psychological mechanisms that are associated with its maintenance.
Effects of a Physical Exercise Intervention on Emotional Intelligence in Older Adults.
Kouli E, Bebetsos E, Michalopoulou M … +1 more , Filippou F
Psychol Rep · 2026 Feb · PMID 41738581 · Publisher ↗
Emotional intelligence is a key determinant of healthy aging, contributing to psychological resilience and quality of life. Physical activity has been recognized as a promising means to enhance emotional functioning, esp...
Emotional intelligence is a key determinant of healthy aging, contributing to psychological resilience and quality of life. Physical activity has been recognized as a promising means to enhance emotional functioning, especially when it involves social interaction. This study examined the effect of an 18-week structured physical exercise program on emotional intelligence in older adults, as measured by the trait emotional intelligence subscale of the TEIQue-SF. A total of 86 participants were divided into three groups: individual exercise ( = 31), collaborative exercise ( = 32), and a control group ( = 23). Pre- and post-intervention assessments were conducted using the TEIQue-SF questionnaire. Correlation analysis indicated strong relationships between well-being and other emotional intelligence dimensions such as self-control, emotionality, and sociability, both before and after the program. These relations were strengthened following the intervention. Repeated-measures analysis revealed a significant interaction between intervention type and time, in well-being scores. Notably, the collaborative exercise group showed the most pronounced improvement in well-being post-intervention. The findings suggest that social aspects of physical activity may amplify its emotional benefits, particularly in enhancing trait well-being. Such interventions may serve as a valuable tool in promoting emotional health and supporting successful aging.
The Effects of Combining Sensory Integrative Techniques With Direct Reading Comprehension on Improving Working Memory and Attention Span in Students With Developmental Dyslexia.
Alrefaei MM
Psychol Rep · 2026 Feb · PMID 41733268 · Publisher ↗
One of the most important theories proposed in the explanation and etiology of dyslexia are theories that consider the cognitive deficits of these children, including attention, working memory, planning and organization...
One of the most important theories proposed in the explanation and etiology of dyslexia are theories that consider the cognitive deficits of these children, including attention, working memory, planning and organization to be involved in the occurrence of this disability. The aim was to investigate the effects of combining sensory integrative techniques with direct reading comprehension on improving working memory and attention span in students with Developmental dyslexia. This randomized trial with blinded assessors study was performed with a between-subjects factor 'group' (control group vs. intervention group) and within-subjects factor 'time' (measurement at pre-intervention and post-intervention). Data collection started in February 2024 and ended in October 2024. Sixty children with Developmental dyslexia were recruited to the study following formal diagnostic and behavioral pre-intervention assessments. Continuous Performance Test (CPT) and The Arabic Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - Fourth Edition (WISC-IV) were used to collect data. Linear regression models were used to assess within-person differences within conditions for each outcome. Findings did directly support the hypotheses; results from regression analyses suggest that sensory integrative techniques with direct reading comprehension did have a significant impact on working memory and attention span in students with Developmental dyslexia. Sensory integration method and direct instruction for comprehension can increase working memory and attention span in children with dyslexia.
Shyness Associations With Approach/Avoidance-Related Behaviors in Clinically Anxious Adults in Canada: The Moderating Role of Emotional Intelligence Differs for Women and Men.
Jung S, Brook CA, Rowa K … +1 more , Schmidt LA
Psychol Rep · 2026 Feb · PMID 41733148 · Publisher ↗
We explored whether emotional intelligence (EI) and its four dimensions individually promoted approach-related behaviors (i.e., sociability) or mitigated avoidance-related behaviors (i.e., internalizing behaviors) in adu...
We explored whether emotional intelligence (EI) and its four dimensions individually promoted approach-related behaviors (i.e., sociability) or mitigated avoidance-related behaviors (i.e., internalizing behaviors) in adults clinically diagnosed with anxiety prior to undergoing cognitive behavioral therapy. Participants were 160 patients ( = 39.50 years, = 13.65, 28.1% male) who completed online questionnaires related to shyness, EI, sociability, and internalizing behaviors prior to the start of group treatment. We found sex-specific EI moderating effects on the relation between shyness and sociability. Among women, EI a dimension of EI, moderated this relation ( < .05) by reducing the negative effects of shyness on sociability. In men, the EI dimension played a comparable role. The findings suggest that EI may be a promising target of intervention to increase social approach behaviors in some clinically anxious patients, with particular relevance for understanding and addressing sex-related differences in socio-emotional abilities.
The Nexus of Hoarding and Mental Imagery Extremes: Exploring Hoarding Tendencies in Aphantasia and Hyperphantasia.
Sabel I, Kay L, Pearson J … +1 more , Grisham J
Psychol Rep · 2026 Feb · PMID 41728755 · Publisher ↗
Having attenuated visualization has been proposed to confer vulnerability to hoarding, although some studies have found no differences in visualizing between individuals who hoard and controls. To clarify this, we invest...
Having attenuated visualization has been proposed to confer vulnerability to hoarding, although some studies have found no differences in visualizing between individuals who hoard and controls. To clarify this, we investigated the presence and severity of hoarding symptoms and beliefs in a specialist sample of aphantasics (those without imagery) and hyperphantasics (those with extremely vivid imagery), compared to mid-range/typical visualizers, while controlling for confounds (i.e., age and depression levels). Bayesian analysis revealed stronger evidence favouring a lack of difference in hoarding symptoms between aphantasics ( = 58) and case-matched typical visualizers, although we found moderately strong evidence to suggest aphantasics were more inclined to report using objects as memory aids; a hoarding specific coping strategy. We also found moderately strong evidence to suggest hyperphantasics ( = 23) had lower hoarding symptoms compared to case-matched typical visualizers and were less likely to live in cluttered homes, whereas evidence was weaker/inconclusive regarding differences in hoarding beliefs. Overall, findings suggest attenuated visualization does not necessarily predispose hoarding, but enhanced visualizing capacities may protect against hoarding symptom development.
The Relationship Between Physical Activity and College Students' Bedtime Procrastination: The Moderating Effect of Past Time Perspective and Childhood Socioeconomic Status.
Hu Y, Cai X, Sun Z
Psychol Rep · 2026 Feb · PMID 41725192 · Publisher ↗
This study explores the relationship between physical activity and bedtime procrastination among college students, focusing on how past time perspective and childhood socioeconomic status moderate this relationship. A cr...
This study explores the relationship between physical activity and bedtime procrastination among college students, focusing on how past time perspective and childhood socioeconomic status moderate this relationship. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 931 participants (64.7% female, aged 17-26) recruited from Tianjin and Wuhan, China. They completed a questionnaire survey on physical activity, sleep procrastination, past time perspective (comprising both negative and positive dimensions), and childhood socioeconomic status. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 22.0 and MPLUS 22.0. Results showed that higher levels of physical activity were associated with lower levels of bedtime procrastination. Past time perspective moderated this relationship. Specifically, physical activity had a stronger association with bedtime procrastination among college students with a low past negative time perspective or a high past positive time perspective. Childhood socioeconomic status also moderated the relationship between physical activity and bedtime procrastination, with physical activity having a stronger association with bedtime procrastination among college students with a low childhood socioeconomic status. These findings suggest that physical activity protects against bedtime procrastination, with stronger effects among students holding both more positive and less negative views of the past, as well as those from lower childhood socioeconomic status.
Ideological and Partisan Predictors of Support for Climate Change Policy.
Aarons F, Clarke EJR, Klas A
Psychol Rep · 2026 Feb · PMID 41723600 · Publisher ↗
Despite an increase in climate-driven natural disasters, Australia has been slow to adopt pro-climate policy, partially due to resistance on the political right. Measures of ideology beyond the left-right continuum, incl...
Despite an increase in climate-driven natural disasters, Australia has been slow to adopt pro-climate policy, partially due to resistance on the political right. Measures of ideology beyond the left-right continuum, including conventionalism, dominance and anti-egalitarianism, predict climate change-related attitudes in several Anglophone nations. A consistent additional predictor is partisan affiliation with specific political parties. The aim of this study ( = 390) was to compare the associations of right-wing ideological beliefs and identification with major political parties (Liberal, Labor and Greens parties) with climate mitigation and adaptation policy support, to determine whether either or both underpin support for climate policy in the Australian context. Path analysis revealed that anti-egalitarianism (negatively) and Greens partisan identity (positively) predicted both forms of climate policy support, whereas Liberal partisan identity and conventionalism only (negatively) predicted support for mitigation but not adaptation policy. Neither dominance nor Labor partisan identity predicted either type of policy support. Results indicate that some partisan identifications sit alongside ideological beliefs as unique drivers of climate policy support. Applying a social identity framework, we suggest that climate policy shifts within political parties could lead some partisans to alter their support in line with these changes.
Beliefs About Emotions and Positive Emotion Regulation: Do Fears of Social Evaluation Moderate the Relationship?
Taşfiliz D, Solmazer G
Psychol Rep · 2026 Feb · PMID 41721624 · Publisher ↗
Individuals hold a variety of beliefs about emotions, which can influence how they regulate specific emotions. Additionally, concerns about social evaluations can shape how people's beliefs about emotions are associated...
Individuals hold a variety of beliefs about emotions, which can influence how they regulate specific emotions. Additionally, concerns about social evaluations can shape how people's beliefs about emotions are associated with the way they manage their feelings. In this study, we investigate the beliefs about undesirability of positive emotions and controllability of feeling good in relation to positive emotion regulation strategies (i.e., positive rumination vs. dampening). Within the scope of this study, the concepts of fear of happiness and discomfort with positive emotions were examined in relation to beliefs about undesirability. Moreover, we considered the moderating roles of both fears of positive and negative evaluation in the relationships between those beliefs and the regulation strategies. Our findings ( = 411) indicated that both fear of happiness and discomfort with positive emotions were associated with lower positive rumination but were associated with higher dampening. On the contrary, beliefs about the controllability of feeling good were associated with higher positive rumination but with lower dampening. However, neither of the fears of social evaluation moderated the relationship between emotion beliefs and positive emotion regulation strategies. Our findings highlight the role of emotional beliefs in positive emotion regulation and suggest that interventions targeting these beliefs can improve emotion regulation skills.
The Impact of Face Masks on Social Perception Is Age-Dependent.
Pazhoohi F, Rostami-Aghoui M, Pazhouhi S … +2 more , Aoki K, Kingstone A
Psychol Rep · 2026 Feb · PMID 41706762 · Publisher ↗
Human faces are critical for social communication, enabling individuals to make rapid judgments about traits like trustworthiness and competence. Previous research suggests that face masks can enhance perceptions of trus...
Human faces are critical for social communication, enabling individuals to make rapid judgments about traits like trustworthiness and competence. Previous research suggests that face masks can enhance perceptions of trustworthiness and, to a lesser extent, competence, although findings on competence are more variable and context-dependent. Additionally, age-related facial cues influence social judgments, with older and younger faces being evaluated differently. This research examined the impact of face masks on perceptions of trustworthiness and competence across two age groups: young adults (Study 1) and old adults (Study 2). Study 1 revealed that face masks increased perceptions of trustworthiness and competence for young faces. In contrast, Study 2 found no significant effects of face masks on trustworthiness or competence for older faces, suggesting that age-related facial features and stereotypes may overshadow mask-induced perceptual biases. Altogether, the findings indicate that the impact of face masks on social perceptions, particularly trustworthiness and competence, may not generalize reliably across different age groups.
Working Memory Deficits in Specific Learning Disabilities: A Comprehensive Review of Cognitive Profiles and Neural Mechanisms.
Rastgar-Farajzadeh L, Nazari MA, Kucian K … +3 more , Hekmati I, Ghadiri T, Ebrahimi-Kalan A
Psychol Rep · 2026 Feb · PMID 41705462 · Publisher ↗
Specific learning disabilities are neurodevelopmental conditions characterized by persistent academic challenges. This narrative review synthesizes behavioral and neuroimaging evidence from 48 peer-reviewed studies on wo...
Specific learning disabilities are neurodevelopmental conditions characterized by persistent academic challenges. This narrative review synthesizes behavioral and neuroimaging evidence from 48 peer-reviewed studies on working memory impairments in reading, written expression or mathematics difficulties. Key findings reveal domain-specific deficits: phonological loop impairments dominate in reading difficulties, visuospatial sketchpad in math difficulties, and central executive dysfunction, especially in comorbid reading and mathematics disorder. This review addresses inconsistencies in prior literature due to methodological heterogeneity in task selection. By analyzing specific working memory tasks, we reveal that divergent findings stem from inconsistent task frameworks. Neuroimaging evidence links task-specific working memory profiles to atypical activation in language-related (e.g., angular gyrus) and number-processing (e.g., intraparietal sulcus) networks. This review is the first to attribute working memory inconsistencies in specific learning disabilities to task heterogeneity, offering a unified framework for research and clinical practice. It challenges IQ-based diagnostics, advocating working memory profiling for targeted interventions.
Two Faces of Leadership: Transformational and Abusive Pathways to Job Satisfaction, Affective Organizational Commitment, and Turnover Intentions.
Lopes S, Miguel RL, Cerdeira D … +3 more , Freitas M, Pereira DM, Rodrigues A
Psychol Rep · 2026 Feb · PMID 41700774 · Publisher ↗
Leadership styles play a critical role in shaping employees' work attitudes and intentions to remain with their organizations. This study examines how transformational and abusive leadership relate to turnover intentions...
Leadership styles play a critical role in shaping employees' work attitudes and intentions to remain with their organizations. This study examines how transformational and abusive leadership relate to turnover intentions, with a focus on how job satisfaction and affective organizational commitment mediate these relationships. Survey data were collected from 304 employees across diverse Portuguese organizations, using validated measures of leadership styles, job satisfaction, affective organizational commitment, and turnover intentions. Using serial multiple regression analyses with bootstrapping procedures, transformational leadership was positively associated with job satisfaction and affective organizational commitment and negatively associated with turnover intentions. In contrast, abusive leadership showed the opposite pattern of associations. Job satisfaction and affective organizational commitment were negatively related to turnover intentions and were identified as key attitudinal intervening variables in the associations between leadership styles and turnover intentions. Overall, the findings highlight contrasting associations between positive and negative leadership styles and key employee attitudes and turnover intentions, underscoring the importance of job satisfaction and affective organizational commitment for understanding employee retention in organizational contexts.
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