Current Opinion In Ophthalmology[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Multimodal corneal imaging before refractive cataract surgery.
Andrade de Carvalho K, Esporcatte LPG, Gomes RLR … +1 more , Ambrósio R
Curr Opin Ophthalmol · 2025 Jan · PMID 39470459 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To prospectively review the advances in diagnostics for refractive cataract surgery, focusing on multimodal corneal analysis. RECENT FINDINGS: The article explores the considerations related to plannin...
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To prospectively review the advances in diagnostics for refractive cataract surgery, focusing on multimodal corneal analysis. RECENT FINDINGS: The article explores the considerations related to planning refractive cataract surgery, emphasizing its potential to enhance patients' vision performance and quality of life. This review explores preoperative analysis in cataract surgery, focusing on assessing the cornea and ocular surface using multimodal diagnostics, including Placido disk-based corneal topography, Scheimpflug tomography OCT (optical coherence tomography), and biomechanical assessment. Wavefront technology, gene therapy, and artificial intelligence are also relevant in enhancing surgical precision and outcomes. It highlights the importance of preoperative thorough evaluations and technological advancements in ophthalmology. SUMMARY: The rapid evolution and advancement of technology enable excellent refractive outcomes in most cases following cataract surgery. Consideration of appropriate preoperative factors is essential for achieving the desired postoperative outcome.
Pseudophakic cystoid macular edema.
Fouad YA, Karimaghaei S, Elhusseiny AM … +3 more , Alagorie AR, Brown AD, Sallam AB
Curr Opin Ophthalmol · 2025 Jan · PMID 39446879 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Pseudophakic cystoid macular edema (PCME) is the most common postoperative complication of cataract surgery, resulting in visual decline. In this review, we discuss its pathophysiology, epidemiology, c...
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Pseudophakic cystoid macular edema (PCME) is the most common postoperative complication of cataract surgery, resulting in visual decline. In this review, we discuss its pathophysiology, epidemiology, clinical presentation, and the current available evidence on therapeutic management. RECENT FINDINGS: Patients with diabetes mellitus have twice the risk of developing PCME as compared to nondiabetic individuals. Recent large database studies have revealed an increased risk among young, male, and black patients. A previous history of PCME is perhaps the strongest risk factor for fellow eye involvement. SUMMARY: PCME generally occurs around 6 weeks postoperatively and is likely a consequence of postoperative inflammation with disruption of the blood-queous and blood-retina barriers. Optical coherence tomography of the macula servers as a key diagnostic tool. There is a lack of large controlled clinical trials to guide treatment approaches. We recommend a stepwise approach for PCME that includes observation if not visually significant versus treatment with topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and steroids if symptomatic. Refractory cases can be treated with a periocular steroid injection, followed by intravitreal steroids if still nonresponsive.
Lifestyle modifications and environmental risk factors for glaucoma.
Elhusseiny AM, Aref AA
Curr Opin Ophthalmol · 2025 Mar · PMID 39446700 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To summarize recent evidence about the association between different lifestyle modifications and environmental risk factors and glaucoma. RECENT FINDINGS: Incorporating moderate exercise into the routi...
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To summarize recent evidence about the association between different lifestyle modifications and environmental risk factors and glaucoma. RECENT FINDINGS: Incorporating moderate exercise into the routine of glaucoma patients may help slow the progression of the condition. However, caution should be taken when using swim goggles, and it may be advisable to avoid certain yoga positions and heavy weight-lifting exercises, as they have been linked to intraocular pressure (IOP) spikes and potential risks for glaucoma patients. Various relaxation techniques may lower IOP. The evidence remains inconclusive about the association between vitamins intake and glaucoma. Dietary nitric oxide has been associated with a lower risk of glaucoma. Higher smoking intensity has been linked to faster visual field decline and retinal nerve fiber layer thinning. Additionally, there is currently insufficient evidence to support the use of marijuana in managing glaucoma, with side effects outweighing the proposed benefits. A significant association has been found between air pollutants and ganglion cell layer thinning, as well as a greater burden of glaucoma. SUMMARY: Lifestyle and environmental factors are increasingly recognized as significant contributors to glaucoma development and progression. These modifications should be integrated into a comprehensive treatment approach alongside medications or surgical interventions.
A look at the emerging trends of large language models in ophthalmology.
Tan TF, Quek C, Wong J … +1 more , Ting DSW
Curr Opin Ophthalmol · 2025 Jan · PMID 39446695 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: As the surge in large language models (LLMs) and generative artificial intelligence (AI) applications in ophthalmology continue to expand, this review seeks to update physicians of the current progress...
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: As the surge in large language models (LLMs) and generative artificial intelligence (AI) applications in ophthalmology continue to expand, this review seeks to update physicians of the current progress, to catalyze further work to harness its capabilities to enhance healthcare delivery in ophthalmology. RECENT FINDINGS: Generative AI applications have shown promising performance in Ophthalmology. Beyond native LLMs and question-answering based tasks, there has been increasing work in employing novel LLM techniques and exploring wider use case applications. SUMMARY: In this review, we first look at existing LLM use case applications specific to Ophthalmology, followed by an overview of commonly used LLM techniques. We finally focus on the emerging trends of the generative AI space with an angle from ophthalmology.
How do intraocular lens materials influence the outcome of cataract surgery?
Grzybowski A, Auffarth GU, LaHood BR
Curr Opin Ophthalmol · 2025 Jan · PMID 39446645 · Full text
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review summarizes the evidence on the effect of intraocular lens (IOL) material on the outcomes of cataract surgery, as well as on the surgical procedure itself. RECENT FINDINGS: Differences in ca...
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review summarizes the evidence on the effect of intraocular lens (IOL) material on the outcomes of cataract surgery, as well as on the surgical procedure itself. RECENT FINDINGS: Differences in capsular biocompatibility between IOL materials lead to variations in capsular stability and posterior capsule opacification (PCO), while differences in uveal biocompatibility affect postoperative inflammatory response. SUMMARY: Refractive outcomes are affected by both incision size and the rotational stability of toric IOLs. Small incision sizes favour hydrophilic IOLs. Rotational stability of hydrophobic and hydrophilic IOLs were comparable in recent studies. Visual outcomes are affected by chromatic aberrations, dysphotopsia, lens opacifications and PCO. Hydrophilic IOLs are associated with reduced chromatic dispersion. Hydrophobic IOL opacifications are caused by sub-surface glistenings, while hydrophilic IOL opacifications are due to surface calcifications. Some surgeries, including pars plana vitrectomy and lamellar corneal transplants, were shown to increase the risk of IOL calcifications, although the mechanism is still unknown. Hydrophilic IOLs have greater ease of manipulation, greater resistance to IOL damage, and higher uveal biocompatibility. Hydrophobic IOLs show better PCO prevention than hydrophilic IOLs, and should be preferred in highly myopic eyes where Nd:YAG capsulotomy might increase the risk of retinal detachment.
Cataract surgery with endothelial keratoplasty.
Ahad MA, AlHilali SM, Jomar DE
Curr Opin Ophthalmol · 2025 Jan · PMID 39423013 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review aims to provide an updated summary of the combined approach of cataract surgery with endothelial keratoplasty (EK), addressing key considerations, including intraocular lens (IOL) choice an...
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review aims to provide an updated summary of the combined approach of cataract surgery with endothelial keratoplasty (EK), addressing key considerations, including intraocular lens (IOL) choice and calculation, decision between sequential and triple EK, and modifications in surgical techniques and postoperative management. RECENT FINDINGS: Advances in imaging techniques (Scheimpflug tomography and anterior segment optical coherence tomography) have improved the ability to detect subclinical corneal edema, aiding in surgical decision-making for EK. Recent studies comparing sequential and triple-EK indicate that both methods yield similar visual outcomes. Though triple-EK offers quicker recovery, it may have higher complication rates. The use of gases like SF6 and C3F8 for anterior chamber tamponade is evolving, with conflicting findings on their efficacy in preventing graft detachment. Furthermore, IOL selection remains crucial, as hyperopic refractive surprises are common, and hydrophilic lenses should be avoided owing to the risk of opacification after EK. SUMMARY: The combination of cataract surgery with EK has emerged as an effective treatment for patients with corneal endothelial diseases and cataract. Careful preoperative evaluation, appropriate IOL selection, and advances in surgical techniques contribute to better outcomes, although patient-specific factors must guide the choice between sequential and triple-EK procedures.
Foundation models in ophthalmology: opportunities and challenges.
Sevgi M, Ruffell E, Antaki F … +2 more , Chia MA, Keane PA
Curr Opin Ophthalmol · 2025 Jan · PMID 39329204 · Full text
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Last year marked the development of the first foundation model in ophthalmology, RETFound, setting the stage for generalizable medical artificial intelligence (GMAI) that can adapt to novel tasks. Addi...
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Last year marked the development of the first foundation model in ophthalmology, RETFound, setting the stage for generalizable medical artificial intelligence (GMAI) that can adapt to novel tasks. Additionally, rapid advancements in large language model (LLM) technology, including models such as GPT-4 and Gemini, have been tailored for medical specialization and evaluated on clinical scenarios with promising results. This review explores the opportunities and challenges for further advancements in these technologies. RECENT FINDINGS: RETFound outperforms traditional deep learning models in specific tasks, even when only fine-tuned on small datasets. Additionally, LMMs like Med-Gemini and Medprompt GPT-4 perform better than out-of-the-box models for ophthalmology tasks. However, there is still a significant deficiency in ophthalmology-specific multimodal models. This gap is primarily due to the substantial computational resources required to train these models and the limitations of high-quality ophthalmology datasets. SUMMARY: Overall, foundation models in ophthalmology present promising opportunities but face challenges, particularly the need for high-quality, standardized datasets for training and specialization. Although development has primarily focused on large language and vision models, the greatest opportunities lie in advancing large multimodal models, which can more closely mimic the capabilities of clinicians.
Deep learning aided measurement of outer retinal layer metrics as biomarkers for inherited retinal degenerations: opportunities and challenges.
Pennesi ME, Wang YZ, Birch DG
Curr Opin Ophthalmol · 2024 Nov · PMID 39259656 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The purpose of this review was to provide a summary of currently available retinal imaging and visual function testing methods for assessing inherited retinal degenerations (IRDs), with the emphasis on...
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The purpose of this review was to provide a summary of currently available retinal imaging and visual function testing methods for assessing inherited retinal degenerations (IRDs), with the emphasis on the application of deep learning (DL) approaches to assist the determination of structural biomarkers for IRDs. RECENT FINDINGS: (clinical trials for IRDs; discover effective biomarkers as endpoints; DL applications in processing retinal images to detect disease-related structural changes). SUMMARY: Assessing photoreceptor loss is a direct way to evaluate IRDs. Outer retinal layer structures, including outer nuclear layer, ellipsoid zone, photoreceptor outer segment, RPE, are potential structural biomarkers for IRDs. More work may be needed on structure and function relationship.
Artificial intelligence in myopia in children: current trends and future directions.
Ng Yin Ling C, Zhu X, Ang M
Curr Opin Ophthalmol · 2024 Nov · PMID 39259652 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Myopia is one of the major causes of visual impairment globally, with myopia and its complications thus placing a heavy healthcare and economic burden. With most cases of myopia developing during child...
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Myopia is one of the major causes of visual impairment globally, with myopia and its complications thus placing a heavy healthcare and economic burden. With most cases of myopia developing during childhood, interventions to slow myopia progression are most effective when implemented early. To address this public health challenge, artificial intelligence has emerged as a potential solution in childhood myopia management. RECENT FINDINGS: The bulk of artificial intelligence research in childhood myopia was previously focused on traditional machine learning models for the identification of children at high risk for myopia progression. Recently, there has been a surge of literature with larger datasets, more computational power, and more complex computation models, leveraging artificial intelligence for novel approaches including large-scale myopia screening using big data, multimodal data, and advancing imaging technology for myopia progression, and deep learning models for precision treatment. SUMMARY: Artificial intelligence holds significant promise in transforming the field of childhood myopia management. Novel artificial intelligence modalities including automated machine learning, large language models, and federated learning could play an important role in the future by delivering precision medicine, improving health literacy, and allowing the preservation of data privacy. However, along with these advancements in technology come practical challenges including regulation and clinical integration.
Ocular manifestations of West Nile virus.
Dossett JP, Clavell CI, Ghorayeb G
Curr Opin Ophthalmol · 2024 Nov · PMID 39259651 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Over the past two decades, the ophthalmic manifestations of West Nile virus have been more clearly established in the literature. This review aims to summarize its diagnosis and pathogenesis, with a fo...
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Over the past two decades, the ophthalmic manifestations of West Nile virus have been more clearly established in the literature. This review aims to summarize its diagnosis and pathogenesis, with a focus on its clinical appearance, characteristic imaging features, and management. RECENT FINDINGS: Ocular manifestations of West Nile virus present early in the disease course and are more common in cases with severe neurological involvement. The use of optical coherence tomography (OCT), optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A), fundus autofluorescence (FAF), fluorescein angiogram (FA), and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) can aid in its diagnosis and management. SUMMARY: West Nile virus infection may present with ocular findings that include anterior uveitis, vitritis, retinitis, chorioretinitis, and optic neuropathy; visual prognosis can range from excellent to poor depending on severity of involvement and the presence of secondary complications, such as occlusive vasculitis and macular ischemia. Diagnosis may be aided by multimodal imaging assessment. The ophthalmologist should have a high clinical suspicion for ocular involvement in cases of severe systemic disease.
Privacy preserving technology in ophthalmology.
Yang Y, Chen X, Lin H
Curr Opin Ophthalmol · 2024 Nov · PMID 39259650 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Patient privacy protection is a critical focus in medical practice. Advances over the past decade in big data have led to the digitization of medical records, making medical data increasingly accessibl...
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Patient privacy protection is a critical focus in medical practice. Advances over the past decade in big data have led to the digitization of medical records, making medical data increasingly accessible through frequent data sharing and online communication. Periocular features, iris, and fundus images all contain biometric characteristics of patients, making privacy protection in ophthalmology particularly important. Consequently, privacy-preserving technologies have emerged, and are reviewed in this study. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent findings indicate that general medical privacy-preserving technologies, such as federated learning and blockchain, have been gradually applied in ophthalmology. However, the exploration of privacy protection techniques of specific ophthalmic examinations, like digital mask, is still limited. Moreover, we have observed advancements in addressing ophthalmic ethical issues related to privacy protection in the era of big data, such as algorithm fairness and explainability. SUMMARY: Future privacy protection for ophthalmic patients still faces challenges and requires improved strategies. Progress in privacy protection technology for ophthalmology will continue to promote a better healthcare environment and patient experience, as well as more effective data sharing and scientific research.
Vision language models in ophthalmology.
Lim G, Elangovan K, Jin L
Curr Opin Ophthalmol · 2024 Nov · PMID 39259649 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Vision Language Models are an emerging paradigm in artificial intelligence that offers the potential to natively analyze both image and textual data simultaneously, within a single model. The fusion of...
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Vision Language Models are an emerging paradigm in artificial intelligence that offers the potential to natively analyze both image and textual data simultaneously, within a single model. The fusion of these two modalities is of particular relevance to ophthalmology, which has historically involved specialized imaging techniques such as angiography, optical coherence tomography, and fundus photography, while also interfacing with electronic health records that include free text descriptions. This review then surveys the fast-evolving field of Vision Language Models as they apply to current ophthalmologic research and practice. RECENT FINDINGS: Although models incorporating both image and text data have a long provenance in ophthalmology, effective multimodal Vision Language Models are a recent development exploiting advances in technologies such as transformer and autoencoder models. SUMMARY: Vision Language Models offer the potential to assist and streamline the existing clinical workflow in ophthalmology, whether previsit, during, or post-visit. There are, however, also important challenges to be overcome, particularly regarding patient privacy and explainability of model recommendations.
Artificial intelligence applications in cataract and refractive surgeries.
Rampat R, Debellemanière G, Gatinel D … +1 more , Ting DSJ
Curr Opin Ophthalmol · 2024 Nov · PMID 39259648 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review highlights the recent advancements in the applications of artificial intelligence within the field of cataract and refractive surgeries. Given the rapid evolution of artificial intelligence...
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review highlights the recent advancements in the applications of artificial intelligence within the field of cataract and refractive surgeries. Given the rapid evolution of artificial intelligence technologies, it is essential to provide an updated overview of the significant strides and emerging trends in this field. RECENT FINDINGS: Key themes include artificial intelligence-assisted diagnostics and intraoperative support, image analysis for anterior segment surgeries, development of artificial intelligence-based diagnostic scores and calculators for early disease detection and treatment planning, and integration of generative artificial intelligence for patient education and postoperative monitoring. SUMMARY: The impact of artificial intelligence on cataract and refractive surgeries is becoming increasingly evident through improved diagnostic accuracy, enhanced patient education, and streamlined clinical workflows. These advancements hold significant implications for clinical practice, promising more personalized patient care and facilitating early disease detection and intervention. Equally, the review also highlights the fact that only some of this work reaches the clinical stage, successful integration of which may benefit from our focus.
Novel artificial intelligence for diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema: what is new in 2024?
Vujosevic S, Limoli C, Nucci P
Curr Opin Ophthalmol · 2024 Nov · PMID 39259647 · Full text
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Given the increasing global burden of diabetic retinopathy and the rapid advancements in artificial intelligence, this review aims to summarize the current state of artificial intelligence technology i...
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Given the increasing global burden of diabetic retinopathy and the rapid advancements in artificial intelligence, this review aims to summarize the current state of artificial intelligence technology in diabetic retinopathy detection and management, assessing its potential to improve care and visual outcomes in real-world settings. RECENT FINDINGS: Most recent studies focused on the integration of artificial intelligence in the field of diabetic retinopathy screening, focusing on real-world efficacy and clinical implementation of such artificial intelligence models. Additionally, artificial intelligence holds the potential to predict diabetic retinopathy progression, enhance personalized treatment strategies, and identify systemic disease biomarkers from ocular images through 'oculomics', moving towards a more precise, efficient, and accessible care. The emergence of foundation model architectures and generative artificial intelligence, which more clearly reflect the clinical care process, may enable rapid advances in diabetic retinopathy care, research and medical education. SUMMARY: This review explores the emerging technology of artificial intelligence to assess the potential to improve patient outcomes and optimize personalized management in healthcare delivery and medical research. While artificial intelligence is expected to play an increasingly important role in diabetic retinopathy care, ongoing research and clinical trials are essential to address implementation issues and focus on long-term patient outcomes for successful real-world adoption of artificial intelligence in diabetic retinopathy.
Ethical considerations for large language models in ophthalmology.
Kalaw FGP, Baxter SL
Curr Opin Ophthalmol · 2024 Nov · PMID 39259616 · Full text
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review aims to summarize and discuss the ethical considerations regarding large language model (LLM) use in the field of ophthalmology. RECENT FINDINGS: This review of 47 articles on LLM applicati...
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review aims to summarize and discuss the ethical considerations regarding large language model (LLM) use in the field of ophthalmology. RECENT FINDINGS: This review of 47 articles on LLM applications in ophthalmology highlights their diverse potential uses, including education, research, clinical decision support, and surgical assistance (as an aid in operative notes). We also review ethical considerations such as the inability of LLMs to interpret data accurately, the risk of promoting controversial or harmful recommendations, and breaches of data privacy. These concerns imply the need for cautious integration of artificial intelligence in healthcare, emphasizing human oversight, transparency, and accountability to mitigate risks and uphold ethical standards. SUMMARY: The integration of LLMs in ophthalmology offers potential advantages such as aiding in clinical decision support and facilitating medical education through their ability to process queries and analyze ophthalmic imaging and clinical cases. However, their utilization also raises ethical concerns regarding data privacy, potential misinformation, and biases inherent in the datasets used. Awareness of these concerns should be addressed in order to optimize its utility in the healthcare setting. More importantly, promoting responsible and careful use by consumers should be practiced.
Artificial intelligence for geographic atrophy: pearls and pitfalls.
Enzendorfer ML, Schmidt-Erfurth U
Curr Opin Ophthalmol · 2024 Nov · PMID 39259599 · Full text
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review aims to address the recent advances of artificial intelligence (AI) in the context of clinical management of geographic atrophy (GA), a vision-impairing late-stage manifestation of age-rela...
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review aims to address the recent advances of artificial intelligence (AI) in the context of clinical management of geographic atrophy (GA), a vision-impairing late-stage manifestation of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). RECENT FINDINGS: Recent literature shows substantial advancements in the development of AI systems to segment GA lesions on multimodal retinal images, including color fundus photography (CFP), fundus autofluorescence (FAF) and optical coherence tomography (OCT), providing innovative solutions to screening and early diagnosis. Especially, the high resolution and 3D-nature of OCT has provided an optimal source of data for the training and validation of novel algorithms. The use of AI to measure progression in the context of newly approved GA therapies, has shown that AI methods may soon be indispensable for patient management. To date, while many AI models have been reported on, their implementation in the real-world has only just started. The aim is to make the benefits of AI-based personalized treatment accessible and far-reaching. SUMMARY: The most recent advances (pearls) and challenges (pitfalls) associated with AI methods and their clinical implementation in the context of GA will be discussed.
Artificial intelligence applications in ophthalmic surgery.
Leiderman YI, Gerber MJ, Hubschman JP … +1 more , Yi D
Curr Opin Ophthalmol · 2024 Nov · PMID 39145488 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Technologies in healthcare incorporating artificial intelligence tools are experiencing rapid growth in static-image-based applications such as diagnostic imaging. Given the proliferation of artificial...
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Technologies in healthcare incorporating artificial intelligence tools are experiencing rapid growth in static-image-based applications such as diagnostic imaging. Given the proliferation of artificial intelligence (AI)-technologies created for video-based imaging, ophthalmic microsurgery is likely to experience significant benefits from the application of emerging technologies to multiple facets of the care of the surgical patient. RECENT FINDINGS: Proof-of-concept research and early phase clinical trials are in progress for AI-based surgical technologies that aim to provide preoperative planning and decision support, intraoperative image enhancement, surgical guidance, surgical decision-making support, tactical assistive technologies, enhanced surgical training and assessment of trainee progress, and semi-autonomous tool control or autonomous elements of surgical procedures. SUMMARY: The proliferation of AI-based technologies in static imaging in clinical ophthalmology, continued refinement of AI tools designed for video-based applications, and development of AI-based digital tools in allied surgical fields suggest that ophthalmic surgery is poised for the integration of AI into our microsurgical paradigm.
Ocular involvement in Steven-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis: recent insights into pathophysiology, biomarkers, and therapeutic strategies.
Pisitpayat P, Nijvipakul S, Jongkhajornpong P
Curr Opin Ophthalmol · 2024 Nov · PMID 39133628 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To review the pathophysiology, recent biomarkers related to the ocular aspects of Steven-Johnson syndrome (SJS)/toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), and to highlight notable evidence published in recent y...
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To review the pathophysiology, recent biomarkers related to the ocular aspects of Steven-Johnson syndrome (SJS)/toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), and to highlight notable evidence published in recent years. RECENT FINDINGS: Several studies reveal the relationship between tear cytokines and the pathological components in eyes of SJS/TEN patients. Specific clinical features and associated risk factors in the acute stage have shown significant correlations with chronic ocular sequelae. Recent treatment protocols, including early pulse systemic and topical steroids, as well as tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitors, have demonstrated positive effects on ocular outcomes. In addition to conventional surgical treatment, a new surgical technique, simple oral mucosal epithelial transplantation (SOMET), has been introduced as a simple ocular surface reconstruction for patient with SJS. SUMMARY: Advancements in knowledge and management strategies have notably enhanced ocular outcomes for SJS/TEN eyes. A deeper understanding of the biomarker changes in these eyes could facilitate the development of future targeted treatment options.
Review and analysis of history and utilization of panretinal photocoagulation and ranibizumab after publication of protocol S.
Shah S, Chou B, Patel M … +4 more , Watane A, Shah L, Yannuzzi N, Sridhar J
Curr Opin Ophthalmol · 2024 Sep · PMID 39115058 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: We describe the history, utilization, and series results of panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) and ranibizumab and provide an analysis of PRP and ranibizumab usage before versus after the publication of...
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: We describe the history, utilization, and series results of panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) and ranibizumab and provide an analysis of PRP and ranibizumab usage before versus after the publication of the 2-year and 5-year results of the Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research Network (DRCR.net) Protocol S trial. RECENT FINDINGS: Number of ranibizumabs performed began to increase and number of PRPs performed began to decrease in 2016. After publication of the 2-year results, there was significant negative trend in PRP services and significant positive trend in ranibizumab services (both P < 0.001). After publication of the 5-year results, there was significant negative trend in PRP services (P = 0.003). There were significant negative trends (all P < 0.001) in reimbursement factors for PRP from 2013 to 2020: average work RVU (wRVU), nonfacility physical expense RVU, facility PE RVU, malpractice RVU (MP RVU). SUMMARY: Both PRP and ranibizumab have undergone numerous trials comparing their efficacy to other treatment options or no treatment at all. The publication of the 2-year results of Protocol S was associated with an increase in utilization of ranibizumab and decrease in utilization of PRP, with continued decrease after the publication of the 5-year results.
Challenges and controversies in ophthalmology in 2024.
Finn AP, Sridhar J
Curr Opin Ophthalmol · 2024 Sep · PMID 39115057 · Publisher ↗
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