J Clin Diagn Res
· 2017 Sep · PMID 29207687
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INTRODUCTION: The Vastus Medialis (VM) muscle divides into two parts, proximal Vastus Medialis Longus (VML) and distal Vastus Medialis Obliquus (VMO). The VMO originates from the tendon of adductor magnus and insert into...INTRODUCTION: The Vastus Medialis (VM) muscle divides into two parts, proximal Vastus Medialis Longus (VML) and distal Vastus Medialis Obliquus (VMO). The VMO originates from the tendon of adductor magnus and insert into the medial border of patella and these fibers are nearly horizontal. It exerts medial force vector to counter the lateral force vector of Vastus Lateralis (VL) hence the VM presents a biomechanical advantage over the VL. The functional importance of VML and VMO is well explained but the anatomical evidence of separate identity of VMO is lacking. AIM: To determine muscle fiber angles and lengths of VML and VMO, to find out the distinct nerve supply and fascial plane between VML and VMO and to evaluate VM insertion in relation to patella. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty intact lower limbs (right-15 and left- 15) from 15 donated cadavers with an age 60 years and above were dissected. Lengths and angles of VML, VMO superior (VMOs) and VMO inferior (VMOi) were measured. The fascial plane and the femoral nerve and its branches supplying VM were dissected and terminal branches were traced in each section with the blunt dissection. All parameters were recorded and statistical analysis was done using one-way ANOVA. RESULTS: The VMO took origin from the adductor magnus muscle and attached to the patella. VMOi was present in 83.33% cases (25 limbs), and inserted to the medial border of patella. The percentages of VML, VMOs and VMOi lengths compared to total VM length were 65.54±4.84, 25.23±4.20 and 9.22±2.17 respectively. The fiber angles ranged for VML, VMOs and VMOi were between 18 to 32, 30 to 46 and 46 to 56 degrees respectively. There were significant differences among all groups (p=0.001). These two parts were not separated by distinct fascial plane and no separate nerve supply was observed but the richest nerve supply to VMO was noted. CONCLUSION: The present study conclude that VMO is having obtuse angle, horizontal fibers and richest nerve supply as compared to proximal part which make it functionally as a separate entity but not anatomically.
Sunny S, Joseph DP, Mathew N
… +2 more, Rajan RS, Kurian E
J Clin Diagn Res
· 2017 Aug · PMID 28969301
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The fixed lingual arches that are used for mandibular molar uprighting works in two dimensions, whereas the 3D lingual arch works in all the three dimensions. The 3D lingual arch was fabricated from a 0.028 "round S.S wi...The fixed lingual arches that are used for mandibular molar uprighting works in two dimensions, whereas the 3D lingual arch works in all the three dimensions. The 3D lingual arch was fabricated from a 0.028 "round S.S wire with parts consisting of an adaptor, activator, friction lock and extender. The friction lock was inserted into the vertical stubs welded on the molar bands of the lingually tipped molar. They provided greater stability and anchorage to the molars. Up righting of the lingually tipped mandibular molars was attained within one month after insertion of the Wilson's 3D lingual arch. Correction was attained in all three dimensions with a buccal crown torque and lingual root torque. Levelling and alignment of the anterior segment was also attained by this multipurpose modular appliance. The 3D lingual arch enabled the clinician to set up a more positive anchorage for a greater variety of treatment applications than earlier lingual arches. Quality treatment results were attained with less span of time and were cost effective.
J Clin Diagn Res
· 2017 Aug · PMID 28969296
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The optimal way of restoring a non vital tooth with dowel-core technique has long been a controversial matter. The purpose of this review was to assess the factors that may influence the successful restoration of root fi...The optimal way of restoring a non vital tooth with dowel-core technique has long been a controversial matter. The purpose of this review was to assess the factors that may influence the successful restoration of root filled teeth with root canal dowels. The first part of the review discusses indications and physical parameters of dowel. Searches were performed in PubMed/Medline database using single or combined key words to obtain the most relevant list of references. Articles selected in the search process were obtained from the journals and reviewed with every aspect of dowel system for reconstruction of endodontically treated teeth. Medline search showed 228 articles for dowels but after applying exclusion criteria, only 51 articles remained to be included in Part I of this review. Out of which, 49 were in vitro studies and two were clinical studies. Reviewing the literature revealed that clinical data is still missing. Literature emphasizes that dowels should only be used for the retention of core material and not in view of reinforcing the remaining tooth structure. The dowel length is limited by the apical seal of four mm to six mm. Dowel width should be as small as possible. Canal configuration determines the selection between prefabricated and custom cast dowel. Fiber based dowel may be clinically appropriate for restoration of endodontically treated anterior tooth, although clinical studies are lacking.
Kaur M, Singh H, Dhillon JS
… +2 more, Batra M, Saini M
J Clin Diagn Res
· 2017 Aug · PMID 28969295
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An ideal dental repair material should possess certain exclusive properties such as adequate adhesive ability, insolubility, dimensional stability, biocompatibility, bioactivity etc. New materials claiming better perform...An ideal dental repair material should possess certain exclusive properties such as adequate adhesive ability, insolubility, dimensional stability, biocompatibility, bioactivity etc. New materials claiming better performance are continuously being introduced in the market to optimize the care of dental patients. Biodentine has been recently introduced as the "the first all-in-one, bioactive and biocompatible material for damaged dentin replacement". Manufacturers claim that Biodentine has noticeably shorter setting time in contrast to other silicate cements such as Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) and also has better mechanical and handling properties. This article is aimed to compare the properties of MTA and Biodentine analyzing the research work done in this field so far by various researchers all across the globe.
J Clin Diagn Res
· 2017 Aug · PMID 28969294
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Periodontal disease, one of the prevalent oral diseases, is characterized by gingival inflammation and periodontal tissue destruction. Diagnosing this disease is challenging to the clinicians as the disease process is di...Periodontal disease, one of the prevalent oral diseases, is characterized by gingival inflammation and periodontal tissue destruction. Diagnosing this disease is challenging to the clinicians as the disease process is discontinuous and shows periods of exacerbation and remission. Traditional diagnostic methods basically tells about the past tissue destruction so new diagnostic methods are required which is able to detect the active state of the disease, determine the future progression and also estimates the response to the therapy, thereby helping in the better clinical management of the patient. Both saliva and Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) are believed to be reliable medium to detect the biomarkers which plays a pivotal role in measuring the disease activity. Keeping these observations in mind rapid chairside tests are developed to diagnose periodontal disease called as Point of Care (POC) diagnostics which simplifies diagnosis and helps in improving the prognosis. This review article highlights about the biomarkers used in the diagnosis and throws light on the various available point of care diagnostic devices.
Dos Santos DM, Andreotti AM, Iyda BG
… +2 more, Dekon SFC, Goiato MC
J Clin Diagn Res
· 2017 Aug · PMID 28969293
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This clinical report describes the ocular rehabilitation of a child, initially using an acrylic expander and subsequently the conventional prosthesis. A two-month-old anophthalmic female patient was referred to Araçatuba...This clinical report describes the ocular rehabilitation of a child, initially using an acrylic expander and subsequently the conventional prosthesis. A two-month-old anophthalmic female patient was referred to Araçatuba Dental School, for rehabilitation with ocular prosthesis. The treatment chosen was the manufacturing of expander prostheses changed periodically until the socket reached an adequate size, so that a definitive ocular prosthesis could be installed. The acrylic expander remained in patient's anophthalmic socket for 60 days in order to restore its volume. After this period, ocular prosthesis was installed and replaced according to facial growth. It can be observed that the expander prostheses increased the anophthalmic cavity and provided patient's adaptation for using an ocular prosthesis. The ocular prosthesis set the face aesthetic balance which eventually reflects positively on psychological and social development of the child.
J Clin Diagn Res
· 2017 Aug · PMID 28969292
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Paramolars are rare supernumerary molars occurring buccally or lingually/palatally near the molar row. They may cause complications such as caries, periodontal disease and delay or prevention eruption of permanent teeth....Paramolars are rare supernumerary molars occurring buccally or lingually/palatally near the molar row. They may cause complications such as caries, periodontal disease and delay or prevention eruption of permanent teeth. Reports of bilateral entity are rarely found in the dental literature. The present article reports a rare case of bilateral double paramolars in the maxillary molar region in 21-year-old male patient.
Namana M, Majumdar S, Uppala D
… +2 more, Avv A, Rao AK
J Clin Diagn Res
· 2017 Aug · PMID 28969291
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Ghost Cell Odontogenic Carcinoma (GCOC) is a rare malignant odontogenic tumour of epithelial origin accounting about 0.37% to 2.1% of all odontogenic tumours. They are characterized by the presence of ameloblastic island...Ghost Cell Odontogenic Carcinoma (GCOC) is a rare malignant odontogenic tumour of epithelial origin accounting about 0.37% to 2.1% of all odontogenic tumours. They are characterized by the presence of ameloblastic islands along with ghost cells representing aberrant keratinization. The aim of this case report is to present a rare case that was diagnosed in a 37-year-old male patient and to describe the behavior of the tumour.
Patil AR, Varma S, Suragimath G
… +3 more, Abbayya K, Zope SA, Kale V
J Clin Diagn Res
· 2017 Aug · PMID 28969290
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INTRODUCTION: Dentinal Hypersensitivity (DH) is one of the most commonly encountered clinical problems. Literature reveals no specific therapy to satisfactorily eliminate dentinal hypersensitivity. AIM: The aim of this s...INTRODUCTION: Dentinal Hypersensitivity (DH) is one of the most commonly encountered clinical problems. Literature reveals no specific therapy to satisfactorily eliminate dentinal hypersensitivity. AIM: The aim of this study was to assess and compare the efficacy of iontophoresis with 0.33% Sodium Fluoride (NaF) gel and diode laser alone in dentinal tubule occlusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This in vitro study included 20 teeth with intact root surfaces unaltered by extraction procedure for specimen preparation. Each tooth was cleaned, air dried and cut into three sections. Total 60 sections were prepared (30 longitudinal and 30 transverse sections), which were acid etched. In control group, no treatment was carried. In iontophoresis treatment group, samples were inserted into a foam tray containing 0.33 % NaF Gel and subjected to 1.5 mA output current for three minutes. In laser treatment group, specimens were lased with 980 nm diode laser at 0.5 W/PW (62.2J /cm) in a noncontact mode for 30 seconds. Specimens were evaluated under Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) at 10KV to 20KV under x 2000, x5000 magnification for surface characteristics and patency of dentinal tubules. Total number of tubules visible, open, completely and partially occluded were recorded in each microphotograph and compared. RESULTS: On comparison, laser group showed the least number of open tubules i.e., 130 (31.1%) followed by iontophoresis group, 155 (51.32%) and control group 417 (100%). CONCLUSION: Diode laser application provided better results as compared to iontophoresis on occlusion of dentinal tubules. Hence, it can be used to treat the patients with DH.
J Clin Diagn Res
· 2017 Aug · PMID 28969289
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INTRODUCTION: Teeth are good sources of DNA in mass disasters especially in fires and explosions because they are largely protected from environmental and physical conditions. It is possible to obtain mitochondrial DNA (...INTRODUCTION: Teeth are good sources of DNA in mass disasters especially in fires and explosions because they are largely protected from environmental and physical conditions. It is possible to obtain mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) even in cases of degraded human remains. AIM: To obtain DNA from burnt teeth exposed to environment for a period of six months and 12 months and to highlight the importance of DNA obtained from tooth in identifying a deceased in fire accidents after being subjected to environment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Randomly 20 extracted teeth samples were collected. The teeth were divided into two groups (Group 1 and 2) and were subjected to 700°C using a Delta burnout furnace. Burnt teeth were exposed to environment for a period of six months and 12 months respectively. Data was analysed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16.0. Data was summarized by percentages for count data. The comparison within group was done by single proportion test and the comparison between two groups was done by two proportion test. All p-value less than 0.05 were considered as statistically significant. RESULTS: The present study revealed that mtDNA was obtained from eight extracted teeth samples among Group 1 and six extracted teeth samples among Group 2. CONCLUSION: Teeth are good source of DNA, even in cases where the bodies are burnt and exposed to environment.
Saghiri MA, Shabani A, Asatourian A
… +1 more, Sheibani N
J Clin Diagn Res
· 2017 Aug · PMID 28969288
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INTRODUCTION: Calcium silicate-based cements physical properties is influenced by environmental changes. AIM: Here, we intended to evaluate the effect of storage medium on surface porosity of root Mineral Trioxide Aggreg...INTRODUCTION: Calcium silicate-based cements physical properties is influenced by environmental changes. AIM: Here, we intended to evaluate the effect of storage medium on surface porosity of root Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) and Biodentine cement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 40 polyethylene tubes were selected and divided into two groups: Group A (MTA) and Group B (Biodentine). Each group was subdivided into two subgroups (n=10). In subgroups A1 and B1, tubes were transferred to Distilled Water (DW), while samples of subgroup A2 and B2 were transferred to Synthetic Tissue Fluid (STF) as storage medium and samples were stored for three days. All specimens were then placed in a desiccator for 24 hours and then subject to surface porosity evaluation by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) at ×500, ×1000, ×2000 and ×5000 magnifications. The number and the surface porosities were determined by Image J analysis. Data were analyzed by ANOVA at level of significance of p<0.05. RESULTS: The lowest surface porosity was observed in MTA samples stored in STF and the highest was in Biodentine samples stored in DW. Significant differences were noted between groups and subgroups of each group (p< 0.05). MTA samples stored in DW and STF showed significantly lower surface porosities compared to Biodentine samples (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Storage medium can drastically affect the surface porosity of tested calcium silicate-based cements. However, MTA showed lower surface porosity compared to Biodentine cement, which can result in lower microleakage in applied area.
J Clin Diagn Res
· 2017 Aug · PMID 28969287
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INTRODUCTION: Cognitive development is a major area of human development and was extensively studied by Jean Piaget. He proposed that the development of intellectual abilities occurs in a series of relatively distinct st...INTRODUCTION: Cognitive development is a major area of human development and was extensively studied by Jean Piaget. He proposed that the development of intellectual abilities occurs in a series of relatively distinct stages and that a child's way of thinking and viewing the world is different at different stages. AIM: To assess Piaget's principles of the intuitive stage of preoperational period among 4-7-year-old children relative to their Intelligence quotient (IQ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Various characteristics as described by Jean Piaget specific for the age group of 4-7 years along with those of the previous (preconceptual stage of preoperational period) and successive periods (concrete operations) were analysed using various experiments in 300 children. These characteristics included the concepts of perceptual and cognitive egocentrism, centration and reversibility. IQ of the children was measured using Seguin form board test. Inferential statistics were performed using Chi-square test and Kruskal Wallis test. The level of statistical significance was set at 0.05. RESULTS: The prevalence of perceptual and cognitive egocentrism was 10.7% and 31.7% based on the experiments and 33% based on the interview question. Centration was present in 96.3% of the children. About 99% children lacked the concept of reversibility according to the clay experiment while 97.7% possessed this concept according to the interview question. The mean IQ score of children who possessed perceptual egocentrism, cognitive egocentrism and egocentrism in dental setting was significantly higher than those who lacked these characteristics. CONCLUSION: Perceptual egocentrism had almost disappeared and prevalence of cognitive egocentrism decreased with increase in age. Centration and lack of reversibility were appreciated in most of the children. There was a gradual reduction in the prevalence of these characters with increasing age. Mean IQ score of children who possessed perceptual egocentrism, cognitive egocentrism and egocentrism in dental setting was higher.