Journal Of Clinical And Diagnostic Research[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Categorization and Management of Various Types of C-Shaped Canals: Two Case Reports.
Chockattu SJ, Deepak BS
J Clin Diagn Res · 2017 Sep · PMID 29207847 · Full text
This case report presents the categorization and management of two cases of C-shaped canals in need of root canal treatment, based on the available classification systems. The prediction of C-shaped root canal morphology...
This case report presents the categorization and management of two cases of C-shaped canals in need of root canal treatment, based on the available classification systems. The prediction of C-shaped root canal morphology using radiography and clinical picture is possible through the application of the classification schemes proposed in literature. A modified cold lateral compaction technique is described for obturation of C-shaped canals partly united by a narrow isthmus.
Tiny Creature in Oral Cavity: A Case Report.
Singh C, Devi MP, Sagar K
J Clin Diagn Res · 2017 Sep · PMID 29207846 · Full text
Oral cavity is nidus of much pathology. Some may arise due to altered eating habits such as meat, uncooked food etc. The parasitic infections arising from ingesting uncooked pork (larva of pork tapeworm) called as cystic...
Oral cavity is nidus of much pathology. Some may arise due to altered eating habits such as meat, uncooked food etc. The parasitic infections arising from ingesting uncooked pork (larva of pork tapeworm) called as cysticercosis and being undiagnosed lead to "diagnostic dilemma". Herein we report a case of cysticercosis involving the right dorsum of tongue along with review of literature.
Two Episodes of Trigeminocardiac Reflex During a Pan facial Fracture Surgery, a Rare Phenomenon - Case Report and Review of Literature.
Bhattacharjee A, Rajaram P, Khatua A … +2 more , Rudresh KB, Krishnamurthy PB
J Clin Diagn Res · 2017 Sep · PMID 29207845 · Full text
Trigeminocardiac reflex is a sudden physiologic response due to mechanical manipulation of any of the branches of trigeminal nerve. Trigeminocardiac reflex occurs due to pressure effect or stretching of trigeminal nerve...
Trigeminocardiac reflex is a sudden physiologic response due to mechanical manipulation of any of the branches of trigeminal nerve. Trigeminocardiac reflex occurs due to pressure effect or stretching of trigeminal nerve which causes fall in blood pressure and decrease in heart rate. In this reflex arc, the trigeminal nerve serves as afferent pathway and vagus nerve, which is cardio inhibitory in nature, serves as efferent pathway. Two episodes of trigeminocardiac reflex during maxillofacial trauma surgery is not a common phenomenon. The present case report describes a case of 40-year-old male patient, diagnosed with pan facial fracture in which two episodes of trigeminocardiac reflex were seen intraoperatively during fracture reduction and fixation of left zygomaticomaxillary complex fracture and inferior orbital rim fracture. Intraoperative management of trigeminocardiac reflex was done by withholding the stimulus and administration of atropine.
Impact of Nano Hydroxyapatite, Nano Silver Fluoride and Sodium Fluoride Varnish on Primary Teeth Enamel Remineralization: An In Vitro Study.
Nozari A, Ajami S, Rafiei A … +1 more , Niazi E
J Clin Diagn Res · 2017 Sep · PMID 29207844 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Dental caries is still prevailing worldwide, although different anti caries products have been introduced. Each remineralizing agent has its own shortcomings. Therefore, looking for new agents to have benef...
INTRODUCTION: Dental caries is still prevailing worldwide, although different anti caries products have been introduced. Each remineralizing agent has its own shortcomings. Therefore, looking for new agents to have benefits of previous ones with lesser side effects is worthwhile. AIM: To determine the remineralization ability of NaF varnish, nano-Hydroxyapatite Serum (n-HAP) and Nano Silver Fluoride (NSF) on enamel of primary anterior teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Incipient caries were induced in primary sound anterior teeth by storing each specimen in demineralization solution for 72 hours. Then they were randomly divided into four groups of 15 samples each: (1) NaF varnish; (2) n-HAP repairing serum; (3) NSF and (4) no treatment (control). Surface Microhardness (SMH) was assessed with Vickers micro hardness tester before and after demineralization and after 10 days of pH-cycling. A total of 12 random specimens from groups 1 to 4 (3 random samples of each group) were examined by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The SMH values were analysed with one-way and repeated measures ANOVA. Level of significance was set at p=0.05. RESULTS: Post lesion SMH values significantly decreased in all groups (p<0.001). Post treatment SMH values significantly increased in comparison to post lesion ones (p<0.001) except for control group which was not different statistically (p=0.86). The highest SMH values were observed in NSF group (mean 222.90 ± 28.79). Statistically significant differences were shown between all groups (p<0.05). However, NaF varnish and n-HAP groups were not statistically different (p=0.165). AFM images demonstrated protective layers in all treated groups. CONCLUSION: The results of this in vitro study suggest that NSF could have the greatest remineralization efficacy. NaF varnish and n-HAP serum were similar in remineralizing initial caries. Future clinical studies are recommended for selection of the most appropriate remineralizing agent in primary teeth.
Biosynthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Efficacy of Silver Nanoparticles Derived from Endophytic Fungi against .
Halkai KR, Mudda JA, Shivanna V … +2 more , Rathod V, Halkai RS
J Clin Diagn Res · 2017 Sep · PMID 29207843 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Microbial resistance to existing antimicrobial agents in periodontal therapy is a growing problem. Therefore, there is a need for development of new antimicrobial agents. AIM: To biosynthesize and character...
INTRODUCTION: Microbial resistance to existing antimicrobial agents in periodontal therapy is a growing problem. Therefore, there is a need for development of new antimicrobial agents. AIM: To biosynthesize and characterize Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) using endophytic fungi and to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy against . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cut leaf segments of (Ashwagandha) were used to isolate the fungi Fresh cultures of fungi were inoculated in Erlenmeyer flask of 100 ml Malt Glucose Yeast Peptone (MGYP) broth and incubated at 29°C for 72 hours for the biomass to grow Biomass was filtered and cell free fungal filtrate was used further. Biosynthesized AgNPs were characterized by visual observation, Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Selected Area Electron Diffraction Analysis (SAED) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Antibacterial efficacy was evaluated by agar diffusion method measuring the zone of inhibition. The study groups included different concentrations of AgNPs: A (20 μl), B (40 μl), C (60 μl), D (80 μl) and E (100 μl) of AgNPs, F (0.2% CHX), G (2% CHX), H (Ampicillin) and I (sterile distilled water). The data collected for inhibition zones were statistically analysed using One-way Anova followed by Tukey post-hoc multiple comparison tests. RESULTS: The fungi were identified as . Characterization studies showed the colour change from colourless to reddish brown; U-V spectrum showed peak 420 nm, TEM revealed the particles spherical in shape and 10-20 nm in size. FTIR analysis revealed the presence of functional groups. AgNPs 80 μl and 100 μl showed mean zone of inhibition 17.33 and 18 mm against CHX (0.2%) 17.85 and CHX (2%) 19.97 mm, Ampicillin 20.5 mm and no zone for sterile distilled water. CONCLUSION: Biosynthesized AgNPs showed efficient antibacterial efficacy against hence creates a new horizon in periodontal therapy.
A Three Month Comparative Evaluation of the Effect of Different Surface Treatment Agents on the Surface Integrity and Softness of Acrylic based Soft Liner: An In vivo Study.
Raval HJ, Mahajan N, Naveen YG … +1 more , Sethuraman R
J Clin Diagn Res · 2017 Sep · PMID 29207842 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Acrylic based soft liners are cost effective, yet are inferior in durability as compared to silicone based liners. Hence, this study was conducted to evaluate if the softness and surface integrity of acryli...
INTRODUCTION: Acrylic based soft liners are cost effective, yet are inferior in durability as compared to silicone based liners. Hence, this study was conducted to evaluate if the softness and surface integrity of acrylic based soft liner can be maintained by using different surface treatment agents. AIM: To comparatively evaluate the effects of Varnish, Monopoly and Kregard surface treatment agents on the surface integrity and softness of acrylic based soft liner at baseline, at one month and after three months. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 37 participants who required conventional maxillary dentures were selected according to the determined inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study. In the maxillary denture on the denture bearing surface, eight palatal recesses (5 mm x 3 mm) were made and filled with acrylic based soft liner (Permasoft). The soft liners in these recesses were given surface treatment and divided as control (uncoated), Varnish, Monopoly and Kregard groups. The hardness and surface integrity were evaluated with Shore A Durometer and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) respectively at baseline, one month and three months interval. Surface integrity between groups was compared using Kruskal-Wallis test. Intergroup comparison for hardness was done using ANOVA and Tukey's HSD post-hoc tests. RESULTS: Amongst all the groups tested, surface integrity was maintained in the Kregard group, as compared to control, Varnish and Monopoly groups for all three time intervals (p< 0.001). Kregard treated samples also demonstrated significantly higher softness at all the time intervals (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Surface treatment with Kregard demonstrated better surface integrity and softness at all the time intervals.
Effect of Mobile Phone Usage on Nickel Ions Release and pH of Saliva in Patients Undergoing Fixed Orthodontic Treatment.
Nanjannawar LG, Girme TS, Agrawal JM … +4 more , Agrawal MS, Fulari SG, Shetti SS, Kagi VA
J Clin Diagn Res · 2017 Sep · PMID 29207841 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Hand held mobile phones are presently the most popular means of communication worldwide and have transformed our lives in many aspects. The widespread use of such devices have resulted in growing concerns r...
INTRODUCTION: Hand held mobile phones are presently the most popular means of communication worldwide and have transformed our lives in many aspects. The widespread use of such devices have resulted in growing concerns regarding harmful effects of radiations emitted by them. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of mobile phone usage on nickel ion release as well as pH of saliva in patients with fixed orthodontic appliances. AIM: To assess the level of nickel ions in saliva and pH of saliva in mobile phone users undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 42 healthy patients with fixed orthodontic appliance in mouth for a duration of six to nine months were selected for the study. They were divided into experimental group (n=21) consisting of mobile phone users and control group (n=21) of non mobile phone users. Saliva samples were collected from both the groups and nickel ion levels were measured using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy. The pH values were also assessed for both groups using pH meter. Unpaired t-test was used for the data analysis. RESULTS: Statistical analysis revealed that though the pH levels were reduced and the nickel ion levels were higher in the experimental group compared to the control group, the results were non significant. CONCLUSION: Mobile phone usage may affect the pH of saliva and result in increased release of nickel ions in saliva of patients with fixed orthodontic appliances in the oral cavity.
Evaluation of the Efficacy of G32 (Commercially Available Ayurvedic Preparation) in Reducing Halitosis - A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Patil S, Acharya S, Hathiwala S … +3 more , Singhal DK, Srinivasan SR, Khatri S
J Clin Diagn Res · 2017 Sep · PMID 29207840 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Oral malodour is a social malady affecting people of all the age groups. Effective management of oral malodour is the key to improve the quality of life of such people. AIM: To evaluate the effectiveness of...
INTRODUCTION: Oral malodour is a social malady affecting people of all the age groups. Effective management of oral malodour is the key to improve the quality of life of such people. AIM: To evaluate the effectiveness of ayurvedic medication, G32 in controlling oral malodour and comparing the effects with Chlorhexidine (CHX). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a single blind randomized controlled trial with parallel study design conducted at a hospital in the city of Udupi in Southern India. A total of 40 patients suffering with oral malodour, aged 17-35 years, were included in this trial. After inclusion into the study, the subjects were examined twice, with a one-week interval between both examinations. Volatile Sulphur Compounds (VSCs), gingival, plaque and tongue coating scores were assessed at both examinations. Subjects were randomly allocated to G32 group - ayurvedic formulation (intervention group) and CHX group (control group), and were provided with the respective formulations enough to be used twice daily for a period of one week. The difference between the mean scores of VSCs, plaque, and gingivitis and tongue coating were compared within the intervention and control groups, respectively, using paired t-test. RESULTS: Both test and control groups showed a significant reduction in VSCs, plaque and gingivitis levels. The percentage reductions in VSCs, plaque and gingivitis were found to be similar among the two groups. There was no significant difference between the preintervention and postintervention scores in both the groups. CONCLUSION: G32, an ayurvedic medication, can be an effective tool to deal with oral malodour.
Evaluation of Effect of Irrigants with or without Surfactant on Root Canal Transportation by Cone Beam Computed Tomography-An In vitro Study.
Ahmed S, Ismail PMS, Sekhar MC … +5 more , Reddy SNL, Krishna MG, Reddy UN, Nikhita K, Harish PS
J Clin Diagn Res · 2017 Sep · PMID 29207839 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Maintenance of original canal anatomy with proper disinfection is our primary goal to achieve during root canal instrumentation. Surfactants are added to irrigating solution to promote deeper penetration in...
INTRODUCTION: Maintenance of original canal anatomy with proper disinfection is our primary goal to achieve during root canal instrumentation. Surfactants are added to irrigating solution to promote deeper penetration into dentinal tubules. AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of addition of surfactants to Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCl) and Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid (EDTA) on transportation of root canal. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty human mandibular molars with mesial root curvatures of 10° - 40° were selected and embedded in silicone impression material to simulate mandibular arch form to facilitate imaging process and maintain reproducibility of images. Before instrumentation, root canals were scanned by using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) imaging (Carestream, India). The canals were then prepared with the ProTaper Next (PTN) system (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland), using one of the following irrigation regimens during the instrumentation and were divided into five groups based on irrigation regimens followed: G1 (n=10)-irrigation with saline solution(control); G2 (n=10)-irrigation with 2.5% NaOCl; G3 (n=10)-irrigation with 2.5% NaOCl added with surfactant; G4 (n=10)-irrigation with 17% EDTA; G5 (n=10)-irrigation with 17% EDTA added with surfactant. Post-instrumentation scans were obtained with similar parameters and position as pre-instrumentation scans by CBCT imaging. Transportation of the root canals were then analysed at three cross-sectional planes of pre-instrumentation and post-instrumentation images at 2 mm, 5 mm, 8 mm from the apical end of the root. The data was statistically analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Tukey post hoc test (p<0.05). RESULTS: The mean transportation values were higher in G5. Transportation in G3 and G5 was not significantly different compared to G2 and G4 respectively (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Instrumentation using irrigating solutions added with surfactant like 1% cetrimide maintained the canal curvature well.
In vitro Evaluation of Resin Infiltrant Penetration into White Spot Lesions of Deciduous Molars.
Swamy DF, Barretto ES, Mallikarjun SB … +1 more , Dessai SSR
J Clin Diagn Res · 2017 Sep · PMID 29207838 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Caries Infiltration is a recent microinvasive restorative technique that permits treatment of non-cavitated demineralized lesions, known as White Spot Lesions (WSL). AIM: To evaluate the extent of penetrati...
INTRODUCTION: Caries Infiltration is a recent microinvasive restorative technique that permits treatment of non-cavitated demineralized lesions, known as White Spot Lesions (WSL). AIM: To evaluate the extent of penetration of a commercially available resin caries-infiltrant into natural WSL occurring in deciduous tooth enamel. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Deciduous molars with natural WSL on any smooth surface were selected and sectioned into halves to yield equal control and experimental groups. Therefore, 25 samples in the control group were untreated whereas 25 samples in the experimental group were treated with caries-infiltrant according to the manufacturer's instructions. Samples were then evaluated under cross-polarized light microscope. Lesion Depth (LD) and Penetration Depth (PD) of the caries-infiltrant were measured quantitatively and descriptive statistics were calculated. RESULTS: Mean LD (standard deviation) for all samples (n=50) was 367(±182) μm. Caries-infiltrant demonstrated varying depths of resin penetration into the natural white spot lesions of deciduous molars. Mean PD (standard deviation) was 352 (± 141) μm. CONCLUSION: Resin-infiltrants can deeply and predictably penetrate enamel porosities in natural WSL in deciduous molars and impede lesion progression and prevent cavitation.
Fracture Resistance of Endodontically Treated Teeth Restored with Biodentine, Resin Modified GIC and Hybrid Composite Resin as a Core Material.
Subash D, Shoba K, Aman S … +3 more , Bharkavi SKI, Nimmi V, Abhilash R
J Clin Diagn Res · 2017 Sep · PMID 29207837 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: The restoration of a severely damaged tooth usually needs a post and core as a part of treatment procedure to provide a corono - radicular stabilization. Biodentine is a class of dental material which posse...
INTRODUCTION: The restoration of a severely damaged tooth usually needs a post and core as a part of treatment procedure to provide a corono - radicular stabilization. Biodentine is a class of dental material which possess high mechanical properties with excellent biocompatibility and bioactive behaviour. The sealing ability coupled with optimum physical properties could make Biodentine an excellent option as a core material. AIM: The aim of the study was to determine the fracture resistance of Biodentine as a core material in comparison with resin modified glass ionomer and composite resin. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Freshly extracted 30 human permanent maxillary central incisors were selected. After endodontic treatment followed by post space preparation and luting of Glass fibre post (Reforpost, Angelus), the samples were divided in to three groups based on the type of core material. The core build-up used in Group I was Biodentine (Septodont, France), Group II was Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer Cement (GC, Japan) and Group III was Hybrid Composite Resin (TeEconom plus, Ivoclar vivadent). The specimens were subjected to fracture toughness using Universal testing machine (1474, Zwick/Roell, Germany) and results were compared using One-way analysis of variance with Tukey's Post hoc test. RESULTS: The results showed that there was significant difference between groups in terms of fracture load. Also, composite resin exhibited highest mean fracture load (1039.9 N), whereas teeth restored with Biodentine demonstrated the lowest mean fracture load (176.66 N). Resin modified glass ionomer exhibited intermediate fracture load (612.07 N). The primary mode of failure in Group I and Group II was favourable (100%) while unfavourable fracture was seen in Group III (30%). CONCLUSION: Biodentine, does not satisfy the requirements to be used as an ideal core material. The uses of RMGIC's as a core build-up material should be limited to non-stress bearing areas. Composite resin is still the best core build-up material owing to its high fracture resistance and bonding to tooth.
Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis: An Assessment of Antioxidant Levels in Plasma and Saliva.
Jesija JS, Gopal S, Skiel HP
J Clin Diagn Res · 2017 Sep · PMID 29207836 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis (RAS) is a common oral mucosal disorder that affects 20% of the population worldwide. Factors such as trauma, stress, genetic, hypersensitivity, nutrition, immune disturbance a...
INTRODUCTION: Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis (RAS) is a common oral mucosal disorder that affects 20% of the population worldwide. Factors such as trauma, stress, genetic, hypersensitivity, nutrition, immune disturbance and hormonal imbalance may disturb the oxidant and antioxidant balance of an organism and precipitate RAS, but the relationships are poorly understood. AIM: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant status in plasma and saliva of patients with RAS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty patients with RAS and forty healthy individuals were included in the study. The levels of antioxidants such as Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Glutathione Peroxidase (GSHPx) Catalase (CAT) and Uric Acid (UA) were measured in plasma and saliva. Statistical analysis was performed to compare the two groups using independent t-test and ANOVA. RESULTS: Decreased SOD levels were observed in plasma amongst RAS patients (p < 0.03) whereas, increased levels were observed in their saliva (p < 0.001) compared to the control group. A significant difference (p < 0.001) was noticed in GSHPx levels: RAS patients exhibited higher levels in plasma but decreased in saliva compared to the control group. CAT activities and UA levels in saliva (p = 0.015 and p < 0.001 respectively) were observed to be significantly higher in RAS patients. Within the RAS group elevated plasma SOD level (p < 0.006) was found in patients with major ulcers whereas, an increased plasma UA (p < 0.01) level was observed in patients with minor ulcers. CONCLUSION: The non-equilibrium antioxidant levels observed in both plasma and saliva indicate the antioxidant status of the body is disturbed in patients with RAS.
SEM Evaluation of Enamel Surface Changes and Enamel Microhardness around Orthodontic Brackets after Application of CO Laser, Er,Cr:YSGG Laser and Fluoride Varnish: An In vivo Study.
Kaur T, Tripathi T, Rai P … +1 more , Kanase A
J Clin Diagn Res · 2017 Sep · PMID 29207835 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: One of the most undesirable consequences of orthodontic treatment is occurrence of enamel demineralization around orthodontic brackets. Numerous in vitro studies have reported the prevention of enamel demin...
INTRODUCTION: One of the most undesirable consequences of orthodontic treatment is occurrence of enamel demineralization around orthodontic brackets. Numerous in vitro studies have reported the prevention of enamel demineralization by surface treatment with lasers and fluoride varnish. AIM: To evaluate the changes on the enamel surface and microhardness around orthodontic brackets after surface treatment by CO laser, Er, Cr:YSGG laser and fluoride varnish in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A double blind interventional study was carried out on 100 premolars which were equally divided into five groups, out of which one was the control group (Group 0). The intervention groups (Group I to IV) comprised of patients requiring fixed orthodontic treatment with all 4 first premolars extraction. Brackets were bonded on all 80 premolars which were to be extracted. Enamel surface treatment of Groups I, II and III was done by CO laser, Er, Cr:YSGG laser and 5% sodium fluoride varnish respectively and Group IV did not receive any surface treatment. A modified T-loop was ligated to the bracket and after two months, the premolars were extracted. Surface changes were evaluated by Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM) and microhardness testing. Comparison of mean microhardness between all the groups was assessed using post-hoc test with Bonferroni correction. RESULTS: Group I showed a melted enamel appearance with fine cracks and fissures while Group II showed a glossy, homogenous enamel surface with well coalesced enamel rods. Group III showed slight areas of erosions and Group IV presented areas of stripped enamel. Significant difference was observed between the mean microhardness (VHN) of Group I, Group II, Group III, Group IV and Group 0 with p<0.001. A significant difference of p<0.001 was observed while comparing Group I vs II,III,IV,0 and Group II vs III,IV,0. However, difference while comparing Group III vs IV was p=0.005 and difference between the mean microhardness of Group 0 vs Group III was non significant. CONCLUSION: Surface treatment with Er,Cr:YSGG laser causes a positive alteration of the enamel surface increasing its ability to resist demineralization with optimum microhardness as compared to CO laser and sodium fluoride varnish.
Clinical Evaluation of Quality of Obturation and Instrumentation Time using Two Modified Rotary File Systems with Manual Instrumentation in Primary Teeth.
Govindaraju L, Jeevanandan G, Subramanian E
J Clin Diagn Res · 2017 Sep · PMID 29207834 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Pulp therapy in primary teeth has been performed using various instrumentation techniques. However, the conventional instrumentation technique used for root canal preparation in primary teeth is hand instru...
INTRODUCTION: Pulp therapy in primary teeth has been performed using various instrumentation techniques. However, the conventional instrumentation technique used for root canal preparation in primary teeth is hand instrumentation. Various Nickel-Titanium (Ni-Ti) instruments are available to perform efficient root canal preparation in primary teeth. These Ni-Ti instruments has been designed to aid in better root canal preparation in permanent teeth but are rarely used in primary teeth. It is necessary to assess the feasibility of using these adult rotary files with a modified sequence in primary teeth. AIM: To compare the quality of obturation and instrumentation time during root canal preparation using hand files and modified rotary file systems in primary molars. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-five primary mandibular molars were randomly assigned to three experimental groups (n=15). Group I was instrumented using k-hand files, Group II with S2 ProTaper universal file and Group III with 0.25 tip 4% taper K3 rotary file. Standardized digital radiographs were taken before and after root canal instrumentation. Root canal preparation time was also recorded. Statistical analysis of the obtained data was done using SPSS Software version 17.0. An intergroup comparison of the instrumentation time and the quality of obturation was done using ANOVA and Chi-square test with the level of significance set at 0.05. RESULTS: No significant differences were noted with regard to the quality of obturation (p=0.791). However, a statistically significant difference was noted in the instrumentation time between the three groups (p<0.05). ProTaper rotary system had significantly lesser instrumentation time when compared to that of K3 rotary system and hand file system. CONCLUSION: The hand files, S2 ProTaper Universal and K3 0.25 tip 4% taper files systems performed similarly with respect to the quality of obturation. There was a significant difference in instrumentation time with manual instrumentation compared to the modified rotary file systems in primary teeth.
Possible Role of Bcl-2 Expression in Metastatic and Non Metastatic Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.
Pavithra V, Kumari K, Haragannavar VC … +4 more , Rao RS, Nambiar S, Augustine D, Sowmya SV
J Clin Diagn Res · 2017 Sep · PMID 29207833 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Oral carcinoma is a global health problem. India accounts for one-third of world burden with high prevalence rate of 2.5 million and mortality rate of 5.5 lacs per year. Oral carcinogenesis is a multistage...
INTRODUCTION: Oral carcinoma is a global health problem. India accounts for one-third of world burden with high prevalence rate of 2.5 million and mortality rate of 5.5 lacs per year. Oral carcinogenesis is a multistage process that frequently involves invasion and metastasis that needs early detection and treatment to improve the overall quality of life. The ability of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) to metastasize to lymph nodes does not always show a relationship with clinical staging. A spectrum of molecular mechanisms is involved in carcinogenesis, where defect in the regulation of apoptosis is assumed to contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of cancer. Apoptosis regulatory genes include the antiapoptotic protein such as B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) gene that might be used as a molecular marker to evaluate the biological behaviour of oral cancer. AIM: To evaluate and correlate the Bcl-2 expression in OSCC patients with lymphnode metastasis and without metastasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study comprised of 30 samples, 15 cases of metastatic and 15 non-metastatic primary OSCC. All the cases were stained for routine Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E), and Bcl-2 antibody by immunohistochemistry. The H&E stained sections were evaluated for Lymphocytic Infiltrate (LI) and Pattern Of Invasion (POI). Bcl-2 stained sections were evaluated for staining intensity and distribution. The differences between the groups were statistically analysed using chi-square test. RESULTS: The histopathological parameters, LI and POI did not show any statistical difference between the study groups. Expression of Bcl-2 in OSCC was 33.3% among the study groups, where metastatic group showed a positive expression of 13.3% and 20% in non-metastatic OSCC that did not show statistically significance among the study groups. CONCLUSION: There was no significant difference in the expression of Bcl-2 between the study groups. Apoptosis is regulated by interaction among the Bcl-2 gene family. Hence, evaluation of Bcl-2 along with other apoptotic regulating proteins could define the role in pathogenesis and prognosis of metastatic and non-metastatic OSCC.
A Comparison of Clinicopathological Differences in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Patients Below and Above 40 Years of Age.
Kapila SN, Natarajan S, Boaz K
J Clin Diagn Res · 2017 Sep · PMID 29207832 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Recent times have revealed an increase in incidence of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) in young adults including those who lack association with typical risk factors such as tobacco. There are reported...
INTRODUCTION: Recent times have revealed an increase in incidence of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) in young adults including those who lack association with typical risk factors such as tobacco. There are reported variations in clinical behaviour of tumours in young and older individuals. AIM: Present study evaluated differences in clinicopathological characteristics between two groups of OSCC, below and above 40 years of age. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An analytical study was performed on two groups of OSCC patients, below and above 40 years of age. Clinicopathological parameters of site distribution, type of habit, histological grade, nodal metastasis, margin status, mitotic index and Argyrophilic Nucleolar Organizing Regions (AgNOR) count were compared. Chi-square test and Students t- test were applied for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Present study revealed that mean AgNOR count was significantly higher in older group (6.38) than younger group (4.27). However, no significant differences were noted in site distribution, tobacco habit, histological grade, mitotic index, nodal metastasis and status of resected surgical margins between the two age groups. A trend for increased metastasis and poor histological differentiation was also observed in the older and younger age group respectively. Most common site was buccal mucosa followed by tongue in both groups. CONCLUSION: Reasons for documented variability in tumour characteristics between young and older patients are currently unclear. Difference in AgNOR count found in present study is suggestive of variability in proliferative and ploidy characteristics between different age groups and supports the hypothesis of genetic and epigenetic influences in development of oral cancer.
Comparison of Gingival Biotype between different Genders based on Measurement of Dentopapillary Complex.
Joshi A, Suragimath G, Zope SA … +2 more , Ashwinirani SR, Varma SA
J Clin Diagn Res · 2017 Sep · PMID 29207831 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Clinical and aesthetic outcomes after periodontal or implant surgical procedures are determined by anatomical and morphological characteristics of the gingiva like width of keratinized gingiva, thickness of...
INTRODUCTION: Clinical and aesthetic outcomes after periodontal or implant surgical procedures are determined by anatomical and morphological characteristics of the gingiva like width of keratinized gingiva, thickness of gingiva and alveolar bone. Therefore, the knowledge of gingival biotype plays an important role in modifying the dental therapeutic procedures for the desired outcome and predictability. AIM: The aim of the present study was to assess and compare the gingival biotype among genders by clinical, photographic and radiographic parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 800 subjects (400 males and 400 females) were considered for the study. Width of keratinized gingiva (GW), transparency of the periodontal probe through the sulcus (TRAN) were assessed clinically; Crown Width/Crown Length ratio (CW/CL) and Papillary Height (PH) were assessed photographically; Gingival Thickness (GT1, GT2, GT3) and Alveolar bone Thickness (AT1, AT2, AT3) were assessed radiographically. The obtained data was correlated to compare the gingival biotype between males and females. The collected data was statistically analysed using Pearson correlation coefficient (r) with the corresponding 95% confidence interval. RESULTS: The TRAN at GT1, GT2 and GT3 as well as at AT1, AT2 and AT3 showed a very strong positive correlation in males (r>0.8) as compared to females (r<0.8). A very strong positive correlation was observed between GT1, GT2, GT3 and AT1, AT2, AT3 in males (r>0.9) as compared to females (r<0.7). CONCLUSION: There are definite differences in the gingival biotype among different genders with predominance of a thin gingival biotype with reduced alveolar bone thickness in females as compared to males.
Assessment of Pulp Oxygen Saturation Levels by Pulse Oximetry for Pulpal Diseases -A Diagnostic Study.
Anusha B, Madhusudhana K, Chinni SK … +1 more , Paramesh Y
J Clin Diagn Res · 2017 Sep · PMID 29207830 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Diagnosis of pulpal inflammation is a key to endodontics. Pulse oximetry is a true vitality testing device which relies on oxygen saturation levels of pulp and helps in diagnosis of different pulpal conditi...
INTRODUCTION: Diagnosis of pulpal inflammation is a key to endodontics. Pulse oximetry is a true vitality testing device which relies on oxygen saturation levels of pulp and helps in diagnosis of different pulpal conditions. AIM: The aim of the study was to analyse oxygen saturation levels of different pulpally inflamed teeth by using pulse oximetry. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Hundred patients were included in the study and categorized into five groups based on pulpal status of the test tooth by using heat test and cold test. Twenty patients were recruited in each of the experimental groups i.e., Reversible Pulpitis (RP), Irreversible Pulpitis (IP), Pulpal Necrosis (PN), Positive Control (PC, healthy teeth), and Negative Control (NC, endodontically treated teeth). Oxygen saturation levels of all the groups were measured along with each patient index finger oxygen saturation readings. Results were analysed by using ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests. RESULTS: The mean oxygen saturation levels of RP, IP, PN, PC and NC were 85.4%, 81.6%, 70.7%, 94.6% and 0 respectively. There was significant difference in the oxygen saturation levels between all the groups. CONCLUSION: Pulse oximeter is an effective tool in diagnosing different pulpal pathologies especially PN which was interpreted inaccurately by thermal tests.
Evaluation of Tumour Associated Macrophages and Angiogenesis in Ameloblastoma.
Adisa AO, Udeabor SE, Orlowska A … +2 more , Sader RA, Ghanaati S
J Clin Diagn Res · 2017 Sep · PMID 29207829 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Ameloblastoma is a locally invasive odontogenic neoplasm that has a high recurrence rate. The invasion of adjacent tissue is supported by angiogenesis stimulated by Tumour-Associated Macrophages (TAMs). TAM...
INTRODUCTION: Ameloblastoma is a locally invasive odontogenic neoplasm that has a high recurrence rate. The invasion of adjacent tissue is supported by angiogenesis stimulated by Tumour-Associated Macrophages (TAMs). TAMs are macrophages modified in the milieu of the tumour microenvironment and have very weak or no ability to present antigens. Thus, there is collaboration between the tumour and the tumour microenvironment to maintain tumour enlargement. TAMs exist as the classically activated M1 macrophages that possess antitumour activity and the otherwise activated M2 macrophages that support tumour invasion and metastasis. AIM: To investigate the relative expression and topography of TAMs and CD34 in ameloblastoma in order to assess their affiliation and effect on tumour growth. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-six Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded (FFPE) blocks of ameloblastoma were processed for Abcam Mouse monoclonal Anti-CCR7 antibody, Abcam Rabbit polyclonal Anti-CD206 antibody and Dako Mouse monoclonal Anti-CD34 antibody QBEnd-10. Cytoplasmic/membrane brown staining was taken as positive for all antibodies. The relative percentage of TAMs was classified as: <5%, 5-25%, 25-50% and >50%. TAMs related Microvessel Density (MVD) was evaluated as the mean of the three-recorded values. Cases with no CD34+ vessels adjacent to the TAMs region had MVD score of 0. Simple descriptive statistics was applied. RESULTS: Macrophages adjacent to peri-tumour islands were marked by CD206 and CCR7 and we noted negligible intra-tumour presence of positive macrophages. The percentage of positive CCR7 immune cells was greater than that for CD206 in 38 (82.6%) cases, approximately equal to CD206 in 6 (13%) cases, and the CD206 expression was more than CCR7 in only 2 (4.3%) cases. In 34 (73.9%) cases, the area of MVD did not overlap with the region of TAMs but in 4 (8.7%) cases (where MVD overlapped TAM1), the average MVD score was 20. CONCLUSION: The relative percentage of TAM1 exceeds TAM2 in peri-tumoural areas of ameloblastoma, conferring anti-angiogenic and hence anti-tumour activity on the tumour.
Micronucleus Assay: An Early Diagnostic Tool to Assess Genotoxic Changes in Patients with Tobacco Use, Oral Leukoplakia and Oral Submucous Fibrosis.
Kohli M, Ahuja P, Mehendiratta M … +2 more , Sharma M, Dutta J
J Clin Diagn Res · 2017 Sep · PMID 29207828 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Micronuclei (MNi) are acentric chromatid or chromosome fragments produced via genetic damage through genotoxic agents contained in tobacco and betel nut. Evidently, the various Oral Potentially Malignant Di...
INTRODUCTION: Micronuclei (MNi) are acentric chromatid or chromosome fragments produced via genetic damage through genotoxic agents contained in tobacco and betel nut. Evidently, the various Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders (OPMDs) like oral lichen Planus, oral leukoplakia and Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSMF) demonstrate MNi, as a substantiation of genetic damage. As these changes can be easily appreciated in oral exfoliated cells, an exfoliated cell based MNi assay might be utilized as handy and non invasive biomonitoring tool for gauging the genetic damage and hence the propensity for malignant transformation in OPMDs. To this end, MNi are definitely easier to evaluate when compared to chromosome aberrations. AIM: To compare the MNi frequency in normal mucosa, in individuals using various tobacco forms without oral leukoplakia, individuals using various tobacco forms with oral leukoplakia, and areca nut chewers with OSMF, using three different stains. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Oral exfoliated cells from 50 cases of normal mucosa (Group I), 50 cases of tobacco chewing people without Oral Leukoplakia (Group II), 50 cases of people with Oral Leukoplakia (Group III) and 50 cases of areca nut chewers with OSMF (Group IV) were taken. MNi frequencies were compared in these groups using three different stains i.e., Papanicolaou (PAP) stain, May Grunwald Giemsa (MGG) stain and Feulgen stain. The data between cases (Group II, III and IV) and control groups (Group I) was analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis Test. The comparison between two independent groups was done by Mann-Whitney U test and interstain comparison between cases and control was done by Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test and the individual p-value was obtained. RESULTS: A significant increase in the count was observed during transition of normal mucosa to OPMDs. The best stain for detecting MNi was PAP stain followed by MGG stain and Feulgen stain. CONCLUSION: The higher mean MNi count for PAP stain and MGG stain could be attributed to nonspecific staining. Further study using a larger sample size on quantitative assessment of MNi count in various OPMDs is warranted.
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