Journal Of Clinical And Diagnostic Research[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Bilateral Conjunctival Rhinosporidiosis in a Paediatric Patient.
Kalamkar C, Mukherjee A
J Clin Diagn Res · 2017 Sep · PMID 29207747 · Full text
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Dengue Stings the Eye!
Kamath SJ, Nayak MK, Gour R … +1 more , Singh N
J Clin Diagn Res · 2017 Sep · PMID 29207746 · Full text
Dengue is a vector borne viral fever and has varied ocular affections. We report two cases of Dengue Associated Maculopathy (DAM). The first patient was a 22-year-old lady with dengue fever, presented with diminution of...
Dengue is a vector borne viral fever and has varied ocular affections. We report two cases of Dengue Associated Maculopathy (DAM). The first patient was a 22-year-old lady with dengue fever, presented with diminution of vision in the left eye with best corrected visual acuity of 20/40. Fundus revealed soft exudates and streak haemorrhages at the macula in the left eye. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) showed cystoid macular oedema. She recovered completely within four days. The second patient was a 33-year-old lady with dengue, with blurred vision in the left eye and with a visual acuity of 20/80. Fundus examination in the left eye revealed elevated fovea with a yellow well circumscribed lesion with surrounding striations. OCT showed features suggestive of foveolitis. She improved spontaneously over the next 21 days to a visual acuity of 20/20p. DAM is usually a self-limiting condition with favourable prognosis. This report highlights the importance of anticipating visual morbidity in patients with dengue and a thorough evaluation and follow-up in spite of its benign behaviour. Also, this report highlights the importance of OCT in differentiating various presentations of DAM.
Bilateral Persistent Hyperplastic Primary Vitreous - A Rare Case Report.
Kumari R, Saha BC
J Clin Diagn Res · 2017 Sep · PMID 29207745 · Full text
Persistent Hyperplastic Primary Vitreous (PHPV), now-a-days referred to as Persistent Fetal Vasculature (PFV), is a rare congenital anomaly of the eye that typically presents unilaterally with white pupillary reflex and...
Persistent Hyperplastic Primary Vitreous (PHPV), now-a-days referred to as Persistent Fetal Vasculature (PFV), is a rare congenital anomaly of the eye that typically presents unilaterally with white pupillary reflex and microphthalmia without systemic associations. Bilateral presentations are rare. Here we report a case of 15-year-old male with bilateral PFV without leucokoria who was misdiagnosed as congenital esotropia with amblyopia, treated for refractive errors and referred to higher centre for squint corrections. The diagnosis of PFV was made easily on slit lamp examination with dilated pupil due to media clarity. Findings were confirmed by colour doppler ultrasonography of the eyes. This case warrants essential screening of the posterior segment of all children with deviated eyes to ensure earliest detection of such pathologies.
Awareness of Presbyopia among Rural Female Population in North Karnataka.
Gajapati CV, Pradeep AV, Kakhandaki A … +2 more , Praveenchandra RK, Rao S
J Clin Diagn Res · 2017 Sep · PMID 29207744 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Presbyopia is an age related loss of lens accommodation resulting in inability to read and/write or to do near work. Though literacy level may be low in rural female population of South India, but household...
INTRODUCTION: Presbyopia is an age related loss of lens accommodation resulting in inability to read and/write or to do near work. Though literacy level may be low in rural female population of South India, but household works like sewing, sorting grains and operating mobile phones must be difficult due to presbyopia. AIM: To determine the awareness of presbyopia in rural females; also, to determine the knowledge levels regarding presbyopia, spectacle coverage and reasons for not wearing spectacles. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted at SDM College of Medical Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka, India, on 1000 female subjects of age group 35 years and above coming from rural area (around Dharwad). They were examined and open-ended questionnaire was used to record subject's awareness and knowledge about presbyopia and their responses were analysed. RESULTS: More than 2/3 of 1000 (66.7%) subjects were not aware about presbyopia. More than 50% subjects had difficulty in cleaning grains, threading needles and reading fine newspaper print. About 86.5% thought presbyopia is age related and 92.2% thought it could be treated with spectacles. In spite of high prevalence, almost 98% of the population were not willing to wear glasses among which majority (60.2%) felt that spectacles were difficult to be maintained while working. In the present study, no statistical significance between literacy and awareness was noted (p=0.46). CONCLUSION: High prevalence of presbyopia was seen with majority of them uncorrected due to lack of awareness or unwillingness to wear glasses. We need to provide better health education regarding presbyopia among both literate and illiterate individuals. Thus, there is a need to create awareness and to provide affordable, accessible and compatible optical services to the affected population.
Comparison of Microbiological Flora in the External Auditory Canal of Normal Ear and an Ear with Acute Otitis Externa.
Ghanpur AD, Nayak DR, Chawla K … +2 more , Shashidhar V, Singh R
J Clin Diagn Res · 2017 Sep · PMID 29207743 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Acute Otitis Externa (AOE) is also known as swimmer's ear. Investigations initiated during World War II firmly established the role of bacteria in the aetiology of Acute Otitis Externa. AIM: To culture the...
INTRODUCTION: Acute Otitis Externa (AOE) is also known as swimmer's ear. Investigations initiated during World War II firmly established the role of bacteria in the aetiology of Acute Otitis Externa. AIM: To culture the microbiological flora of the normal ear and compare it with the flora causing AOE and to know the role of normal ear canal flora and anaerobes in the aetiology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective observational study was conducted on 64 patients clinically diagnosed with unilateral AOE. Ear swabs were taken from both the ears. Microbiological flora was studied considering diseased ear as test ear and the normal ear as the control. Aerobic and anaerobic cultures were done. Severity of the disease was assessed by subjective and objective scores. Effect of topical treatment with ichthammol glycerine pack was assessed after 48 hours and scores were calculated again. Patients with scores < 4 after pack removal were started on systemic antibiotics and were assessed after seven days of antibiotics course. Data was analysed using Paired t-test, Wilcoxon signed ranks test and Chi-square test. A p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (33%) was the most common bacteria cultured from the ear followed by Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (18%). Patients with anaerobic organism in the test ear had severe symptoms and needed systemic antibiotic therapy. CONCLUSION: Most of the cases may respond to empirical antibiotic therapy. In cases with severe symptoms and the ones refractory to empirical treatment, a culture from the ear canal will not be a tax on the patient. This helps in giving a better understanding about the disease, causative organisms and helps in avoiding the use of inappropriate antibiotics that usually result in developing resistant strains of bacteria.
Use of Multi-Response Format Test in the Assessment of Medical Students' Critical Thinking Ability.
Mafinejad MK, Arabshahi SKS, Monajemi A … +3 more , Jalili M, Soltani A, Rasouli J
J Clin Diagn Res · 2017 Sep · PMID 29207742 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: To evaluate students critical thinking skills effectively, change in assessment practices is must. The assessment of a student's ability to think critically is a constant challenge, and yet there is conside...
INTRODUCTION: To evaluate students critical thinking skills effectively, change in assessment practices is must. The assessment of a student's ability to think critically is a constant challenge, and yet there is considerable debate on the best assessment method. There is evidence that the intrinsic nature of open and closed-ended response questions is to measure separate cognitive abilities. AIM: To assess critical thinking ability of medical students by using multi-response format of assessment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a group of 159 undergraduate third-year medical students. All the participants completed the California Critical Thinking Skills Test (CCTST) consisting of 34 multiple-choice questions to measure general critical thinking skills and a researcher-developed test that combines open and closed-ended questions. A researcher-developed 48-question exam, consisting of 8 short-answers and 5 essay questions, 19 Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQ), and 16 True-False (TF) questions, was used to measure critical thinking skills. Correlation analyses were performed using Pearson's coefficient to explore the association between the total scores of tests and subtests. RESULTS: One hundred and fifty-nine students participated in this study. The sample comprised 81 females (51%) and 78 males (49%) with an age range of 20±2.8 years (mean 21.2 years). The response rate was 64.1%. A significant positive correlation was found between types of questions and critical thinking scores, of which the correlations of MCQ (r=0.82) and essay questions (r=0.77) were strongest. The significant positive correlations between multi-response format test and CCTST's subscales were seen in analysis, evaluation, inference and inductive reasoning. Unlike CCTST subscales, multi-response format test have weak correlation with CCTST total score (r=0.45, p=0.06). CONCLUSION: This study highlights the importance of considering multi-response format test in the assessment of critical thinking abilities of medical students by using both open and closed-ended response questions.
Prevalence of Chronic Morbidity and Sociodemographic Profile of Police Personnel - A Study from Gujarat.
Bhatia KM, Pandit N
J Clin Diagn Res · 2017 Sep · PMID 29207741 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: The police personnel are special group of population that work for minimum 12 hours a day. They are at risk of various types of chronic morbidities. AIM: To determine the sociodemographic, chronic morbidity...
INTRODUCTION: The police personnel are special group of population that work for minimum 12 hours a day. They are at risk of various types of chronic morbidities. AIM: To determine the sociodemographic, chronic morbidity and health profile of police personnel of Vadodara district. MATERIALS AND METHODS: It was a cross-sectional study conducted on the police force of Vadodara district, Gujarat, India. The present study was the outcome of health checkup camp for police personnel. Total 982 police personnel participated in the aforementioned study. Information regarding the sociodemographic profile, addiction to alcohol drinking, tobacco chewing or smoking, diagnosed chronic morbidities, BMI, blood sugar and history of exercise and yoga was collected. Data collected was entered into Microsoft Excel 2007 and analysed by using Epi-Info 7. Statistical methods used included frequencies and proportions for categorical data while range, mean and standard deviation were calculated for continuous data. For bivariate analysis, Chi-square test was used. RESULTS: In the study population, 95.10% were males. The prevalence of chronic morbidity, hypertension and diabetes were 9.5%, 5% and 2.6% respectively. About 47.05% had normal BMI and mean BMI was 24. The study revealed that 7.64% police personnel had the habit of smoking, 3.16% consumed alcohol whereas 24.03% consumed tobacco products. It was found that 138 (14.05%) were active in sports and 304 (30.95%) were actively involved in exercise while 44 (4.48%) were involved in yoga. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of hypertension (5%) and diabetes (2.6%) were low as compared to the general population (NFHS-4). This can be attributed to health consciousness prevalent among the population. A substantial number of study population were involved in sports, exercise and yoga.
Risk Factors for Kidney Stones in Rural Puducherry: Case-Control Study.
Dongre AR, Rajalakshmi M, Deshmukh PR … +2 more , Thirunavukarasu MR, Kumar R
J Clin Diagn Res · 2017 Sep · PMID 29207740 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Renal stone is a distressing chronic condition which is getting common across the world. The rigorous evidence on multiple risk factors of kidney stone from a single study is limited. AIM: To find out the s...
INTRODUCTION: Renal stone is a distressing chronic condition which is getting common across the world. The rigorous evidence on multiple risk factors of kidney stone from a single study is limited. AIM: To find out the social and dietary risk factors responsible for the occurrence of kidney stone in a local community in rural Puducherry, India. MATERIALS AND METHODS: It was a hospital-based unmatched case-control study. Based on existing information, a sample of 70 cases and 140 controls was calculated and considered adequate. The exposure information on recent cases was uniformly collected by interview and review of radiologic records and exposure information for controls was collected through interviews. Associations between the occurrence of renal stone as a dependent variable and multiple independent variables such as age, sex, socioeconomic status, type of family, religion, the source of drinking water and dietary practices were studied by using multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: We found associations of occurrence of kidney stone with genetic predisposition (OR:16.98, CI;3.02-95.25), less frequency of urine per day (OR:5.95, CI;1.03-34.19) and dietary habit of eating red meat once a week (OR:32.28, CI; 9.7-143.2) and even once a month (OR:5.20, CI;1.44-18.77). CONCLUSION: The risk of kidney stone was found high among those who had genetic predisposition, less frequency of urination per day and those who consumed red meat once a month or more. Patients and local community should be educated to reduce the red meat consumption and increase the consumption of water and fluid, especially during the hot climates.
Assessment of Palliative Care Awareness among Undergraduate Healthcare Students.
Sujatha R, Jayagowri K
J Clin Diagn Res · 2017 Sep · PMID 29207739 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Palliative care knowledge is being given meager importance in the curriculum of medical and other allied medical sciences. It is vital that all health care practitioners including medical, pharmacy, physiot...
INTRODUCTION: Palliative care knowledge is being given meager importance in the curriculum of medical and other allied medical sciences. It is vital that all health care practitioners including medical, pharmacy, physiotherapy and nursing are aware and apply the best principles of palliative care. AIM: To assess the awareness of palliative care among undergraduate students of medical, nursing, pharmacy and physiotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study population included total of 200 students. Among 200 students, 50 were from each of the colleges of medicine, nursing, pharmacy and physiotherapy. After obtaining informed consent, questionnaire was given. The questionnaire contained the sociodemographic profile and 35 statements under nine groups, for which the respondents were expected to answer one out of the three options (Yes, No, Don't know). The groups of statements deal with palliative care definition, its philosophy, communication issues, non-pain symptoms, medications use and context of application of palliative care. RESULTS: It was found that less than 20% of nursing students were unaware of palliative care. Among the undergraduates of college of pharmacy, more than 50% had no knowledge of palliative care. More than 80% of physiotherapy, nursing and medical students agree that death should occur without any pain or symptoms. The need of palliative care was well understood by more than 70% of students of physiotherapy, pharmacy, nursing and medical colleges. CONCLUSION: Basic knowledge about palliative care was inadequate among the undergraduate students related to healthcare.
Medical Education Terminologies: Do These Really Percolate to the Level of Medical Students? A Survey.
Jagzape A, Jagzape T, Pathak S
J Clin Diagn Res · 2017 Sep · PMID 29207738 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: In Medical Education Technology, many terminologies are embodied in faculty training programs; used by teachers in daily practice like learning objectives, curriculum, and domains, formative and summative a...
INTRODUCTION: In Medical Education Technology, many terminologies are embodied in faculty training programs; used by teachers in daily practice like learning objectives, curriculum, and domains, formative and summative assessments. The awareness and knowledge of students regarding these terminologies, is questionable. AIM: To assess the awareness and knowledge of the students of all phases of MBBS - regarding terminologies in medical education. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was questionnaire based survey at a private medical college in rural setting. Participants were the students from first, second, third Part I and third part II MBBS. Sample size included 175, 161,150 and 162 participants of first, second, third Part I and third Part II MBBS respectively. The questionnaire included 10 closed and one open ended questions which included the themes in educational spiral like: learning objectives, teaching-learning and assessment.Statistical data analysis was done by using descriptive and inferential statistics (Chi-square test) and p<0.05 was considered as level of significance. Qualitative data was analysed using coding and categorization. RESULTS: Percentage of students participated for first, second, third Part I and third Part II MBBS were 87.5%, 80.09%, 93.16% and 90% respectively. The students were aware of some terms like learning objectives, its importance, curriculum; but knowledge component was missing. For some terms like cognitive, psychomotor, affective domain, simulation, formative, summative assessment; awareness as well as knowledge was missing. The methods suggested by students regarding the terminologies ranged from explanation of importance of these terms to its application. CONCLUSION: Efforts should be made in the direction to increase the awareness and knowledge of the basic terminologies used in medical education technology.
Factors Affecting Post Caesarean Pain Intensity among Women in the Northern Peninsular of Malaysia.
Jasim HH, Sulaiman SABS, Khan AH … +1 more , S Rajah UA
J Clin Diagn Res · 2017 Sep · PMID 29207737 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Caesarean section (CS) rate has increased considerably during the past years, accounting for 15% to 25% of births. During post-CS period, moderate to severe postoperative pain is a regularly reported proble...
INTRODUCTION: Caesarean section (CS) rate has increased considerably during the past years, accounting for 15% to 25% of births. During post-CS period, moderate to severe postoperative pain is a regularly reported problem. Ideally, the intensity of postoperative pain should be predicted so as to customize analgesia. AIM: To document the CS rate, assess the pain intensity and preoperative factors that may predict post caesarean pain among women in the Obstetric unit of a Hospital Pulau Pinang in Malaysia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective chart review of 400 caesarean deliveries was conducted between January 2013 and June 2014. The study encompassed patient's demographic data and obstetrics data. The overall pain scores since the time of surgery (2, 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48 hours postoperatively at rest and while moving) were assessed by visual analogue scale (VAS). The data were analyzed by using SPSS software (version 21.0 for Windows). RESULTS: The results demonstrate that within a 48 hours postoperative period, the average pain at rest and while moving was 0.40±0.013 and 0.83±0.017 (VAS score), respectively. Logistic regression identified that a higher BMI (≥30) (OR 1.056; 95% CI=1.003 to 1.113, p=0.04), an increase in operation time (> 60 minutes) (OR 1.009; 95% CI=1.000 to 1.018, p=0.049), Single women (OR 11.597; 95% CI=1.382 to 97.320, p=0.024), blood group type O (OR 1.857; 95% CI=0.543 to 2.040, p = 0.001) and general anesthesia (OR 3.689; 95% CI=1.653 to 8.232, p=0.001) were found to be independent predictors for postcaesarean pain intensity. CONCLUSION: This study concluded that CS rate is 28% among women in the obstetric unit of a Hospital Pulau Pinang and the pain experienced by the study participants was mild. Moreover, the predictive factors for pain intensity may aid in identifying patients at greater risk for postoperative pain. This study concluded that the predictive methods proposed may aid in identifying patients at greater risk for postoperative pain.
Awareness of Patients' Rights among Inpatients of a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital- A Cross-sectional Study.
Agrawal U, D'Souza BC, Seetharam AM
J Clin Diagn Res · 2017 Sep · PMID 29207736 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: The rights of a patient are a set of rules of conduct which govern the interaction between the patients' and healthcare professionals. Every patient has a right to be informed about their rights and also th...
INTRODUCTION: The rights of a patient are a set of rules of conduct which govern the interaction between the patients' and healthcare professionals. Every patient has a right to be informed about their rights and also the responsibility of the healthcare provider. AIM: To assess awareness among inpatient about patients' rights at an academic accredited hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A questionnaire based cross-sectional study was carried out among 350 patients admitted to the wards of a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital. A 21-point questionnaire was developed based on standards of the National Accreditation Board for Hospitals and Healthcare Providers (NABH) and patients' charter of rights and validated. This charter of rights is also displayed in the hospital for patient's awareness. Frequencies and percentages were depicted. Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Positive awareness among the patients ranged from 28% to 97.4%. Females were more aware of their rights than males for 11 out of the 21 patient rights items. Younger adults were more aware than any other age group participants. Participants who were admitted to wards of higher categories (deluxe rooms) had high degree of awareness about patients' rights and education. Patients from urban areas and higher educational status were more aware than patients coming from rural areas. CONCLUSION: The study concludes that effective measures should be taken to improve the overall awareness not only among patients but also among different stakeholders in the healthcare delivery system. Readability of the patients' rights charter with good readability score, developing and distributing patient education materials in simple language about the rights and responsibilities to the patient and their family/relatives during their stay in the hospital or at the time of registration.Continuing nursing and medical education in medical teaching institutions and hospitals should focus on patients' rights and its importance, its need for awareness and its consequences should be taught to students and hospital staff. Patient Right Committee in the hospital should be established for supervision monitoring and observance of patients' rights.
Pattern of Isolated Fatal Mechanical Injury in Homicidal Deaths: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Patnaik KK, Das S, Mohanty S … +1 more , Panigrahi H
J Clin Diagn Res · 2017 Sep · PMID 29207735 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Homicide is the death of one human being as a result of conduct of another. Multiple assaults on the body are seen in 70% cases, which indicate determination on the part of the accused to end the life of th...
INTRODUCTION: Homicide is the death of one human being as a result of conduct of another. Multiple assaults on the body are seen in 70% cases, which indicate determination on the part of the accused to end the life of the victim. AIM: To identify the pattern, distribution and means of inflicting fatal isolated mechanical injury on the body in cases of homicide. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on total 728 homicide deaths, out of which 63 cases had an isolated fatal mechanical injury over the body and the rest 665 cases had multiple injuries. The data collected from the study sample were recorded in a case record form and was analysed using Graphpad Prism 5.0. RESULTS: Homicidal deaths occurring due to an isolated bodily injury were 8.65%. Most of the victims (82%) were males. Those in the age group more than 60 years and less than 10 years together constituted 38% of the cases having isolated fatal homicidal injury. Sharp cutting weapons were used in most of the cases (46.03%) followed by use of hard and blunt weapon in 20.63%. The most common site of isolated injury causing homicide was head (41.26%) followed by the neck in 31.74%. The least common site of injury was the groin/scrotum (7.93%). The leading mode of death was coma (38.09%) followed by haemorrhagic shock in 34.92%. CONCLUSION: Victims of homicidal deaths with isolated bodily injury showed a distinct pattern in comparison to deaths due to homicide with multiple injuries, which can be an indicator of the degree of aggression, magnitude of violence and the determination or intention of the assailant to kill.
Prenatal Screening for Rare Co-Inheritance of HbE and β-Thalassaemia Traits in Western India.
Shah PS, Ray HSP, Vaghasia KK … +2 more , Shah SC, Rao MV
J Clin Diagn Res · 2017 Sep · PMID 29207734 · Full text
The mutations in Haemoglobin Beta (HBB) gene, bring about less or no production of Hb β-chain synthesis in affected cases, leading from minor to major types depending on haematological indices. In compound heterozygotic...
The mutations in Haemoglobin Beta (HBB) gene, bring about less or no production of Hb β-chain synthesis in affected cases, leading from minor to major types depending on haematological indices. In compound heterozygotic conditions, two traits are involved, in which one parent has HbE trait and the other has β-thalassaemia carrier (trait). Here, we report a family of Rajasthan, West India which had a proband (son) having HbE/ β-thalassaemia a co-inherited compound heterozygosity as revealed by DNA sequencing. It also contained upper levels of HbE with altered Hb and red cell indices showing asymptomatic to symptomatic state requiring blood transfusion periodically. The parents and Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS) were HbE and β-thalassaemia traits only. Such case is rare in Western India and we recommend this family for genetic counseling and genetic testing before they want reproductive choices in future for better management in a society.
The Association between Prolonged Jaundice and TATA Box Dinucleotide Repeats in Gilbert's Syndrome.
Pasha YZ, Kacho MA, Niaki HA … +2 more , Tarighati M, Alaee E
J Clin Diagn Res · 2017 Sep · PMID 29207733 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Jaundice is a common condition during the neonatal period. Prolonged jaundice occurs in a large number of breastfed infants, considering the impact of genetic factors on the incidence of jaundice. AIM: To d...
INTRODUCTION: Jaundice is a common condition during the neonatal period. Prolonged jaundice occurs in a large number of breastfed infants, considering the impact of genetic factors on the incidence of jaundice. AIM: To determine the association between prolonged jaundice and TATA box dinucleotide repeats in Gilbert's Syndrome (GS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this case-control study, the case group consisted of 51 neonates with jaundice, aged more than two weeks with indirect bilirubin level higher than 10 mg/dl. Acute diseases, mother's use of phenobarbital and other medications were the exclusion criteria. The control group consisted of 54 newborns without jaundice. The two groups were matched in terms of age and sex. TATA box polymorphisms in the promoter region of UGT1A1 gene were evaluated using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) in order to determine TATA box dinucleotide repeats. RESULTS: Overall, 64.7% and 50% of subjects in the case and control groups were male, respectively (p=0.168). The mean age of neonates in the case and control groups was 20.1±7.1days and 18.8±4.1 days, respectively. The distribution of Gilbert genome was not significantly different between the two groups. In the case group, 13.7% of the subjects were homozygous, 37.3% were heterozygous and 49% were normal. In the control group, 7.4% of the participants were homozygous, 35.2% were heterozygous and 57.4% were normal. CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed an association between TATA box polymorphism and prolonged jaundice in neonates which revealed that TATA box polymorphism is an important risk to increase and extend icterus.
Pre-microRNA Gene Polymorphisms and Risk of Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma.
Srivastava S, Singh S, Fatima N … +2 more , Mittal B, Srivastava AN
J Clin Diagn Res · 2017 Sep · PMID 29207732 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short (~22 nucleotides) regulatory RNAs that can modulate gene expression and are aberrantly expressed in many diseases, including cancer. It has been suggested that, the presence of...
INTRODUCTION: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short (~22 nucleotides) regulatory RNAs that can modulate gene expression and are aberrantly expressed in many diseases, including cancer. It has been suggested that, the presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms in precursor miRNAs (pre-miRNAs) can alter miRNA processing, expression and binding to target mRNA and represents another type of genetic variability, that can contribute to the susceptibility of human cancers. AIM: The present study investigated the genetic variants in pre-miRNAs (hsa-miRNA-196a2 rs11614913 C/T, hsa-miRNA-499 rs3746444 T/C and hsa-miRNA-146a rs2910164 G/C) for their role in cervical cancer susceptibility. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study comprised 164 controls and 184 patients of cervical cancer. The genotypic frequency of miRNA polymorphisms were determined by using a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assay. Logistic regression was used for statistical analysis using SPSS Software version 15.0. RESULTS: Hsa-miRNA-499 rs3746444 T/C polymorphism showed a statistically significant association with considerable risk for cervical cancer at genotypes (CC, p=0.001, OR=4.801) and variant allele (p<0.001, OR=2.307). MiRNA 146a and miRNA 196a2 polymorphisms showed no association with cervical cancer. However, interaction of miRNA polymorphisms with smoking habit showed higher risk of cervical cancer with miRNA 196a2 polymorphism in patients with smoking but no significant modification in the risk of cervical cancer was seen for other polymorphisms. CONCLUSION: The results of the present study demonstrate that, miRNA 499 T/C polymorphism is significantly associated with genetic susceptibility to cervical cancer and may have a role in its pathogenesis.
Sodium Valproate Induced Alopecia: A Case Series.
Thomson SR, Mamulpet V, Adiga S
J Clin Diagn Res · 2017 Sep · PMID 29207731 · Full text
Drug induced alopecia may range from a barely detectable shedding to an irreversible baldness. Alopecia associated with valproate is a dose-dependent and reversible side effect. We hereby report, three cases of alopecia...
Drug induced alopecia may range from a barely detectable shedding to an irreversible baldness. Alopecia associated with valproate is a dose-dependent and reversible side effect. We hereby report, three cases of alopecia that occurred in patients who received sodium valproate for various neurological conditions. In all three cases, long term exposure of valproate therapy led to the development of alopecia which eventually resolved after dose reduction or discontinuation. The Naranjo's causality assessment scale indicated valproate as the probable cause of the alopecia in all our patients.
Safety Assessment of Human Bone Marrow-derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Transplantation in Wistar Rats.
Aithal AP, Bairy LK, Seetharam RN
J Clin Diagn Res · 2017 Sep · PMID 29207730 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Bone Marrow-derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (BM-MSCs) are multipotent stem cells isolated from adult human bone marrow. Properties of MSCs make them potentially ideal candidates for regenerative medicine....
INTRODUCTION: Bone Marrow-derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (BM-MSCs) are multipotent stem cells isolated from adult human bone marrow. Properties of MSCs make them potentially ideal candidates for regenerative medicine. The preclinical data available in the literature regarding the safety assessment of MSCs at different dosage group is scanty. AIM: To evaluate the safety of BM-MSCs transplantation in Wistar rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighteen adult female Wistar rats were used in the study. They were randomly divided into normal control, low dose MSCs and high dose MSCs groups. Low dose group received 3.25 million BM-MSCs/kg body weight; high dose group received 9.75 million BM-MSCs/kg body weight intravenously. Body weight, food and water intake of each rat were measured statistically using SPSS version 16.0; animals were observed for changes in behaviour, general clinical signs, presence of any abnormal response, mortality for thirty days. RESULTS: Repeated measures ANOVA indicated a significant increase in body weight, food, and water intake of all animals at all weeks of the study period compared to week zero (p<0.05). Between the low dose and high dose MSCs group, increase in absolute body weight was seen at the end of the 30 day which was statistically significant (p=0.01). There was no significant difference in body weights, food and water intake in MSCs group when compared to normal control. All the animals survived for the entire duration of the study. Further, there was no change in the behaviour of the animals, no adverse clinical signs or complications following the MSCs treatment. CONCLUSION: Results indicate that administration of BM-MSCs is safe when given by a slow intravenous infusion as it did not alter the food and water intake behaviour of the animals and did not have any negative effect on its body weight.
Comparison of Different Dosing Protocols of Anti-Snake Venom (ASV) in Snake Bite Cases.
Daswani BR, Chandanwale AS, Kadam DB … +3 more , Ghongane BB, Ghorpade VS, Manu HC
J Clin Diagn Res · 2017 Sep · PMID 29207729 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Considering the cost of Anti-Snake Venom (ASV) and irregularity in its supply, there is often a need to curtail doses of ASV, despite guidelines for management of snake bite. During June 2013 to September 2...
INTRODUCTION: Considering the cost of Anti-Snake Venom (ASV) and irregularity in its supply, there is often a need to curtail doses of ASV, despite guidelines for management of snake bite. During June 2013 to September 2013, when ASV was in short supply, our institutional committee reviewed the overall hospital statistics of snake bite cases as well as scientific literature and formulated a working modified protocol that used low dose of ASV in snake bite cases. AIM: To retrospectively analyse and compare the modified ASV protocol versus conventional ASV protocol with respect to outcome, number of ASV vials required, duration of stay in the hospital/ ICU, and additional supportive interventions needed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective study conducted at a tertiary care teaching hospital, Maharashtra, India. Hospital records of inpatients admitted for snake bite during June 2013 to September 2013 (since introduction of the modified protocol) as well as during June 2012 to September 2012, (when patients received conventional protocol-historical controls) were retrospectively analysed to assess the number of ASV vials received by the patients during the stay, need for supportive therapy, duration of stay and outcome of the patients. RESULTS: There was a significant reduction in average number of ASV vials per patient, required vide the modified protocol compared to their historical controls (10.74±0.95 vs 28.17±2.75 p<0.001). There was no significant difference in outcome, need for dialysis, fresh frozen plasma requirement, need for ICU stay and duration of hospitalization of snake bite patients. Yet, the average cost of management of each patient reduced by approximately 11974.41 INR per treated patient, based on the requirement of ASV. CONCLUSION: The modified ASV protocol used in this study is more cost effective as compared to the conventional protocol, deserves prospective evaluation and may be followed at least during prime time of scarcity of ASV.
The Effect of Soy Isoflavones on the Menopause Rating Scale Scoring in Perimenopausal and Postmenopausal Women: A Pilot Study.
Ahsan M, Mallick AK
J Clin Diagn Res · 2017 Sep · PMID 29207728 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Menopause is associated with many unpleasant symptoms which vary in different phases of menopausal transition. Although, Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) is considered the most effective mode of treatment...
INTRODUCTION: Menopause is associated with many unpleasant symptoms which vary in different phases of menopausal transition. Although, Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) is considered the most effective mode of treatment for these symptoms, its use is associated with increased risk of breast cancer, endometrial cancer and thromboembolic events. Soy isoflavones are being widely used as a safer alternative to HRT, even though scientific evidence of their efficacy is poor or lacking. AIM: To study the effect of soy isoflavone supplementation on the menopausal symptoms in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An observational pilot study was done involving 29 perimenopausal and 21 postmenopausal women prescribed 100 mg soy isoflavones for 12 weeks. Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) questionnaire was administered to the patients before starting soy isoflavone therapy and at the end of treatment. Responses were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software 23.0. RESULTS: Total score of both the groups were comparable at baseline. Among perimenopausal women highest score was given to symptoms of psychological domain. Urogenital symptoms were the worst among postmenopausal women. After 12 weeks of treatment, total scores improved significantly by 19.55% and 12.62% in the perimenopausal and postmenopausal women respectively. The greatest improvement was seen in scores of hot flashes for both the groups and the least improvement was shown by symptoms of urogenital subscale. CONCLUSION: Soy isoflavone improves the MRS score among both the perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. As they are most effective for somatic and psychological symptoms, their use could be beneficial during perimenopause.
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