Endokrynologia Polska[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
How to use methods designed for fracture risk assessment in daily practice.
Hebel R, Pluskiewicz W, Hüpsch H
Endokrynol Pol · 2025 · PMID 41340341 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: The aim of the study was to present the optimal way of use in daily practice the methods designed for fracture risk assessment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study presents methods designed for fracture risk as...
INTRODUCTION: The aim of the study was to present the optimal way of use in daily practice the methods designed for fracture risk assessment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study presents methods designed for fracture risk assessment. Among the long list of available methods, only some may be recommended for use in daily practice. Obvious necessity of simplicity, short duration of calculation of fracture risk, and reliability of method clearly indicate that only algorithms available as Webpage fulfil these expectations. Algorithms FRAX, Garvan, Qfracture, and POL-RISK allow for quick assessment according to the described conditions. Fracture risk is commonly established for the next 10 years for hip, major, or any fractures and expressed by percent of risk. RESULTS: The essential conditions of optimal use of methods for fracture risk assessment were presented and discussed. The following points were included: methodology, conformity, and recommended thresholds as medical and economic considerations. CONCLUSIONS: The optimal use of methods designed for fracture risk assessment require several steps. Independently of these essential conditions, one should remember that always in management each patient must be individually assessed. The pharmacologic therapy should always be started according to the level of fracture risk and other factors not included in the assessment of fracture risk.
New insights into the pathogenesis and treatment of senile osteoporosis: a narrative review.
Kocaj K, Łukawska-Tatarczuk M, Franek E … +1 more , Walicka M
Endokrynol Pol · 2025 · PMID 41340340 · Publisher ↗
As life expectancy increases worldwide, diseases associated with aging are becoming an increasing challenge in medical care. One of them is senile osteoporosis, which often leads to fragility fractures and numerous subse...
As life expectancy increases worldwide, diseases associated with aging are becoming an increasing challenge in medical care. One of them is senile osteoporosis, which often leads to fragility fractures and numerous subsequent complications, such as disability, chronic pain, and even death. Although osteoporosis is common in the elderly, data on its epidemiology, pathogenesis, and treatment are still lacking. Moreover, it is often diagnosed and treated only after a fracture occurs, which is associated with a significant reduction in quality of life and the generation of high costs. A better understanding of the pathomechanisms of senile osteoporosis is essential for early diagnosis, prevention, and the development of new therapies. This article reviewed current medical knowledge on osteoporosis in the elderly and its epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment.
Therapeutic prospects of phytochemicals in diabetes: insights from recent clinical evidence.
Uçar Baş K, Yıldız Kopuz TN
Endokrynol Pol · 2025 · PMID 41340339 · Publisher ↗
Diabetes is a major metabolic disease that is undergoing a global increase and negatively impacts the body's ability to regulate blood glucose levels. Although currently there are common therapeutic strategies, there is...
Diabetes is a major metabolic disease that is undergoing a global increase and negatively impacts the body's ability to regulate blood glucose levels. Although currently there are common therapeutic strategies, there is growing interest in alternative treatments, driven by concerns over potential side effects and limited efficacy. This review evaluates the influence of phytochemicals on diabetes treatment, as supported by evidence from recent clinical trials. A wide array of phytochemicals, including polyphenols, flavonoids, and alkaloids, have shown considerable potential in the management of diabetes. Their reported effects include regulation of blood glucose levels, improvement of insulin sensitivity, and modulation of carbohydrate metabolism. In addition, phytochemicals have demonstrated antioxidant activity by reducing oxidative stress and strengthening endogenous defense mechanisms, along with anti-inflammatory effects mediated through cytokine regulation and signaling pathways. Collectively, these actions contribute to improved glycemic control and overall metabolic stability. It has also been hypothesized that phytochemicals may help ameliorate diabetes-related complications such as cardiovascular dysfunction, nephropathy, and neuropathy. Although promising results have been observed in clinical trials, limitations exist due to variability in study design, intervention dose, and treatment duration. Furthermore, most available findings are short-term, leaving the long-term efficacy and safety of phytochemicals less clearly defined. In conclusion, phytochemicals represent a promising adjunctive approach in diabetes management, offering multi-targeted effects on glycemic regulation, oxidative stress, and inflammation. However, further large-scale, well-designed studies are required to clarify their mechanisms of action and establish their long-term clinical implications.
Is vitamin D deficiency a risk factor for obesity-related morbidity, prediabetes, and type 2 diabetes - a literature review and proposals from the experts of the Polish Society of Endocrinology.
Milewicz A, Kos-Kudła B, Ruchała M … +3 more , Hubalewska-Dydejczyk A, Kajdaniuk D, Marek B
Endokrynol Pol · 2025 · PMID 41340338 · Publisher ↗
Through pleiotropic effects related to the presence of its receptors in major human organs, vitamin D (VD) plays an important role in systemic homeostasis, especially in the proper functioning of muscles and bones. In li...
Through pleiotropic effects related to the presence of its receptors in major human organs, vitamin D (VD) plays an important role in systemic homeostasis, especially in the proper functioning of muscles and bones. In light of the published data from both animal and human studies, VD deficiency should be considered a risk factor for obesity-related morbidity, prediabetes, and type 2 diabetes (T2D); in addition, VD supplementation in VD deficiency has a beneficial effect on the effects of treatments aimed at normalization of body weight (including incretin drugs) and the metabolism of carbohydrates in prediabetes and T2D. The objective of this paper is to present the current knowledge and evidence on the relationship between VD deficiency and obesity, prediabetes, and T2D. The paper is intended to be used as a practical guide. The authors propose that serum 25(OH)D concentrations be determined in adults who are obese or overweight (i.e., belonging to the group presenting with a multiple increase in the risk of VD deficiency) or adults who are obese or overweight and have prediabetes or T2D. The baseline VD levels should determine the therapeutic dose and be helpful in assessing the effectiveness of therapy. The available literature lacks precise information regarding the recommended doses of VD in obese people, with 4000 IU being a frequently suggested daily dose. Most papers recommend that body weight be taken into account when determining the dose of VD in the obese; the dose should be higher than in individuals with normal body mass index (BMI). The authors suggest that in the case of low VD levels (< 20.0 ng/mL), quite frequently as low as 12.0-15.0 ng/mL, in an adult obese patient, VD therapy should be started at 20,000 IU two times per week or 50,000 IU once a week with 25(OH)D and calcium levels being checked after one month so that a decision can be made on the further course of therapy. The suggested 25(OH)D concentration target range is > 30-50 ng/mL. In a patient-tailored supplementation model, the dose of VD should depend on body weight and, most importantly, on the baseline VD level. In the absence of the expected effects, the authors suggest that the dose of VD (usually vitamin D3) be increased or the treatment be switched to calcifediol or alfacalcidol, or calcitriol in special cases such as impaired kidney or liver function. It is important to emphasize the need to individualize the management and monitor blood calcium and creatinine levels during chronic VD therapy, including high-dose therapy.
Can the treatment of glaucoma cause metabolic acidosis in a person with type 1 diabetes?
Piaśnik J, Kwiendacz H, Florek S … +3 more , Nowińska A, Nabrdalik K, Gumprecht J
Endokrynol Pol · 2025 · PMID 41069149 · Publisher ↗
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Long-term recombinant human growth hormone therapy in Dent's disease type 1.
Huang M, Dong G, Zeng Y … +3 more , Wu F, Liu P, Lu X
Endokrynol Pol · 2025 · PMID 41069148 · Publisher ↗
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Non-hypoglycemic insulin autoimmune syndrome complicated with T2DM after using lipoic acid.
Wang L, Yang J, Zheng J … +3 more , Sheng J, Ming Y, Liu L
Endokrynol Pol · 2025 · PMID 41069147 · Publisher ↗
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Controlled attenuation parameter is associated with metabolic disorders in patients with obesity in the Chinese population.
Chen J, Lei S, Huang A … +4 more , Mutailipu K, Qu S, Chen H, Bu L
Endokrynol Pol · 2025 · PMID 41069146 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is associated with metabolic disorders. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) and me...
INTRODUCTION: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is associated with metabolic disorders. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) and metabolic disorders in patients with obesity. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In total, 716 obese patients were enrolled. Participants were divided into two groups (non-severe and severe hepatic steatosis) based on their CAP value. The prevalence of metabolic disorders and anthropometric and biochemical parameters were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Patients with severe hepatic steatosis exhibited significantly higher levels of blood pressure, fasting C peptide, glycated hemoglobin, homeostasis model assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), uric acid, and triglyceride, as well as lower levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) than exhibited by those without severe hepatic steatosis. CAP was significantly positively associated with blood pressure, fasting C peptide, HOMA-IR, triglyceride, and HDL. After adjusting for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI), binary logistic regression analysis revealed that CAP could be a risk factor for hypertension, diabetes mellitus, decreased HDL, and elevated triglyceride. Furthermore, CAP may independently predict metabolic disorders, including hypertension, decreased HDL, and insulin resistance. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that CAP is closely associated with metabolic dysfunction in Chinese individuals with obesity, and it could serve as a good predictor of metabolic dysfunction, especially hypertension, decreased HDL, and insulin resistance.
Gut microbiome Lactobacillus acidophilus and its relationship with thyroid nodules and thyroid hormonal profile.
Mohamed Mojahed Eladly MAE, Morsy HE, Elnabrawy IMS … +2 more , Hendawy LMA, Abd ElHady AMM
Endokrynol Pol · 2025 · PMID 41069145 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Thyroid diseases are often associated with the amounts and functioning of thyroid hormones, which may have an impact on the makeup of gut microbiomes. Multiple studies have shown a correlation between gut m...
INTRODUCTION: Thyroid diseases are often associated with the amounts and functioning of thyroid hormones, which may have an impact on the makeup of gut microbiomes. Multiple studies have shown a correlation between gut microbiota and both Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. However, there is no proven link between the gut microbiota and thyroid nodules. Researchers will examine the correlation between Lactobacillus acidophilus and thyroid nodules and hormones. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This work is a prospective case-control investigation undertaken from 2021 to 2022 at endocrine clinics situated at Ain Shams University in Cairo. A total of 90 participants, 30 as a control group (group C), 30 patients with benign thyroid nodules (group A), and 30 patients with malignant thyroid nodules (group B) participated in the study. Measurements of hormonal profile, serum selenium, zinc, thyroglobulin, thyroid peroxidase antibody (anti-TPO), and stool polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for Lactobacillus acidophilus levels were made in all groups. RESULTS: The cycle threshold (CT) at which lactobacilli PCR was expressed in group A was 32.340 ± 5.025 while in group B it was 34.957 ± 5.834 and in group C it was 27.530 ± 5.834, p < 0.001. There was highly significant variation between the studied groups. CONCLUSION: The stool count of Lactobacillus acidophilus PCR showed a significant difference across the groups under study.
lnc-MPEG1-1 promotes papillary thyroid carcinoma progression through association with BRAF mutations.
Liu X, Yang W, Shen R … +7 more , Wang J, Feng D, Zhao L, Shen H, Zhao T, Wang Q, Wei B
Endokrynol Pol · 2025 · PMID 41069144 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common endocrine malignancy, with rising incidence in recent years. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been implicated in various cancers, including PTC. This...
INTRODUCTION: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common endocrine malignancy, with rising incidence in recent years. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been implicated in various cancers, including PTC. This study aims to identify novel lncRNA biomarkers involved in thyroid cancer progression and their potential role in carcinogenic pathways. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Using whole transcriptome sequencing, lnc-MPEG1-1 was identified as a potential target. Expression levels of lnc-MPEG1-1 were analyzed in 43 PTC tissue samples and data from the Cancer Genome Atlas Thyroid Cancer (TCGA-THCA) cohort. Correlations between lnc-MPEG1-1 expression and clinical-pathological features were assessed. Functional assays, including cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, were conducted in vitro to investigate the biological role of lnc-MPEG1-1. Additionally, correlation analyses were performed to explore the relationship between lnc-MPEG1-1 expression and the B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase V600E (BRAFV600E) mutation, a common genetic alteration in PTC. RESULTS: lnc-MPEG1-1 was significantly upregulated in PTC tissues, with higher expression in BRAF-mutated samples. Knockdown of lnc-MPEG1-1 in PTC cell lines significantly reduced cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, indicating its role in promoting tumor aggressiveness. Correlation analyses revealed a strong association between lnc-MPEG1-1 expression and BRAF mutation-related genes. Pathway analysis suggested that lnc-MPEG1-1 is involved in oncogenic processes such as cell growth, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and cell cycle regulation. CONCLUSION: lnc-MPEG1-1 is a novel lncRNA linked to BRAF mutations, promoting PTC progression. It holds potential as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target, particularly in BRAF-mutant PTC cases.
Disorders of the iron economy in females with Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
Gierach M, Junik R
Endokrynol Pol · 2025 · PMID 40995708 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is the most common organ-specific autoimmune disorder. It is a chronic lymphocytic infiltration into the thyroid gland and is characterized by the production of anti-thyroid per...
INTRODUCTION: Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is the most common organ-specific autoimmune disorder. It is a chronic lymphocytic infiltration into the thyroid gland and is characterized by the production of anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb) and anti-thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb). HT is a polygenic disease with an incompletely defined etiopathogenesis. It affects 0.3-1.5/1000 subjects/year and is 4-10 times more frequent in women than in men (3.5-5/1000 subjects/year in women versus 0.6-1.0/1000 subjects in men). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study group included 482 females of childbearing age (18-45 years). The group was divided into 3 subgroups: (147 - healthy individuals, 152 - hypothyreosis, 183 - HT). All patients were recruited in a 24-months period from the Cardiometabolic Center Gierach-Med in Bydgoszcz, Poland, and the Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology Collegium Medicum University of Nicolaus Copernicus in Bydgoszcz, Poland, and provided verbal consent to participate in the study. RESULTS: We noticed that a lower level of ferritin was connected with a higher level of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in each of the subgroups. Additionally, we marked the correlation between ferritin and TSH and anti-thyroid antibodies (TPOAb and TgAb). There was a strong, negative correlation between TSH and ferritin level in all the study groups. Moreover, there was a weak, negative correlation between anti-TPO, anti-TG, and ferritin level in females with HT. CONCLUSIONS: To sum up, we believe that hypothyroidism, especially in the course of Hashimoto's disease, leads to an increased risk of iron and ferritin deficiency and requires monitoring of these parameters.
Diagnosis of Graves' orbitopathy: imaging methods, challenges, and new perspectives.
Sulima I, Mitera B, Szumowski P … +1 more , Myśliwiec JK
Endokrynol Pol · 2025 · PMID 40995707 · Publisher ↗
Precise assessment of Graves` orbitopathy (GO) predicts therapeutic strategies. Various imaging techniques and different measurement methods are used, but there is a lack of standardization. Traditionally, the Clinical A...
Precise assessment of Graves` orbitopathy (GO) predicts therapeutic strategies. Various imaging techniques and different measurement methods are used, but there is a lack of standardization. Traditionally, the Clinical Activity Score (CAS) has been used for assessing GO, especially for evaluating disease activity to predict response to glucocorticoid (GC) therapy, but technological developments have led to a shift towards more objective imaging methods that offer accuracy. Imaging methods for Graves' orbitopathy assessment include ultrasonography (USG), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). These can be divided into those that assess disease activity (MRI, SPECT) and those that assess disease severity (USG, CT, MRI, SPECT). USG is the accessible first-aid tool that provides non-invasive imaging of orbital structures, with a short time of examination making it highly suitable for initial evaluation and monitoring of GO. It does have limitations, particularly in visualizing the apex of the orbit. Initially, orbital CT was thought to provide more accurate morphological information, particularly in extraocular muscles, and superior visualization of bone structures compared to MRI, making it the imaging modality of choice prior to planned orbital decompression; however, it has difficulty in accurately assessing the inflammatory activity stages of GO. Although CT offers a better view of deeper-lying tissue, it is limited by radiation exposure. MRI is best suited for follow-up examinations because it offers superior soft tissue visualization and precise tissue differentiation. However, it is not specific for orbital changes, the examination is very expensive, and it is rarely available. Recent literature proposes that nuclear medicine imaging techniques may be the best discipline for assessing GO. SPECT fused with low-dose CT scans is now used to increase the diagnostic value of the investigation. It provides functional information on top of the anatomical images. The use of cost-effective radioisotope - technetium-99m (99mTc)-DTPA - gives great diagnostic results with short examination time, low radiation exposure, and satisfactory spatial resolution. Nowadays, 36 years after CAS development and with technological improvement, researchers aim to integrate artificial intelligence tools with SPECT/CT imaging to diagnose and stage GO activity more effectively.
Association between stress hyperglycemia ratio and mortality in critically ill patients across different glucose metabolic status and diabetes mellitus subtypes.
Zhang C, Liang W, Su B … +7 more , Hu K, Su W, Chen Y, Guo T, Ning M, Zhang F, Liu Y
Endokrynol Pol · 2025 · PMID 40995706 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: No study has specifically investigated the correlation between stress hyperglycemia ratio (SHR) and mortality in critically ill patients across different glucose metabolic status and diabetes mellitus (DM)...
INTRODUCTION: No study has specifically investigated the correlation between stress hyperglycemia ratio (SHR) and mortality in critically ill patients across different glucose metabolic status and diabetes mellitus (DM) subtypes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Analysis was conducted using the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-IV 2.2 database. RESULT: In this study, a total of 73,181 intensive care unit (ICU) patients were included, among whom 33,683 critically ill patients were included in the final analysis. Logistic model analysis revealed that the SHR was associated with elevated mortality rates in the ICU and in-hospital among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and those in the ICU with different glucose metabolism status, particularly in individuals with prediabetes mellitus (Pre-DM) and normal glucose regulation (NGR). In the Cox proportional hazards model, SHR was linked to an increased risk of one-year mortality, particularly among critically ill patients with Pre-DM. Mediation analysis revealed that the high SHR could account for 14.0% and 11.3% of the increased risk of ICU death and in-hospital mortality associated with DM, respectively. CONCLUSION: SHR is correlated with both short-term and long-term mortality in critically ill patients across various glucose metabolism status, particularly evident in those with NGR and Pre-DM. Moreover, SHR demonstrates an elevated risk of short-term and long-term mortality in critically ill patients with T2DM. Additionally, SHR plays a mediating role in the association between DM and mortality.
Utility of elastography of thyroid nodules and effectiveness of their treatment using laser thermal ablation - preliminary results of the first observation of the Polish population.
Durma AD, Saracyn M, Mróz A … +2 more , Brodowska-Kania D, Kamiński G
Endokrynol Pol · 2025 · PMID 40995705 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Thyroid nodules comprise the most prevalent endocrinological condition in the general population. Their treatment is usually invasive and includes surgery or radioiodine; nevertheless, minimally invasive me...
INTRODUCTION: Thyroid nodules comprise the most prevalent endocrinological condition in the general population. Their treatment is usually invasive and includes surgery or radioiodine; nevertheless, minimally invasive method like laser thermal ablation (LTA) are becoming a more widely available alternative. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This prospective study aimed to determine whether there is a correlation between shear wave elastography parameters (SWE) and the effect of LTA. The study included 42 patients with thyroid nodules measuring at least 25 mm in one dimension. Each patient underwent a thermal ablation procedure, preceded by a detailed ultrasound examination in which SWE parameters were measured. RESULTS: In short-term observation (3 months) the mean volume reduction rate (VRR) was 35.1%. After LTA, the nodule volume and its stiffness significantly changed (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). There were no differences in VRR depending on the type of the lesion (p = 0.827), vascularity (p = 0.921), gender (p = 0.665), or age (p = 0.230). None of the aforementioned parameters showed a significant correlation with VRR (p = 0.803, R = 0.21). No significant adverse events were observed. CONCLUSIONS: LTA caused a significant decrease in thyroid nodule volume in short-term observation. The procedure was safe and relatively painless. Significant changes in ultrasonographic parameters were observed. In this first short-term observation of the Polish population, initial nodule characteristics, vascularity, gender, and age did not correlate with LTA effectiveness. Long-term observation is necessary to determine the utility of SWE in LTA qualification and treatment planning.
Effectiveness of therapy with recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) in patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) and short stature.
Furtak A, Ossowska M, Komorkiewicz K … +4 more , Januś D, Roztoczyńska D, Starzyk JB, Wędrychowicz A
Endokrynol Pol · 2025 · PMID 40995704 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is among the most severe and complex forms of congenital heart disease. Despite advances in medical and surgical management, patients with HLHS remain at risk for nume...
INTRODUCTION: Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is among the most severe and complex forms of congenital heart disease. Despite advances in medical and surgical management, patients with HLHS remain at risk for numerous short- and long-term complications, including growth impairment. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) therapy in patients with HLHS and either growth hormone deficiency (GHD) or small for gestational age (SGA) status, treated at a single tertiary pediatric endocrinology center. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We retrospectively studied eight male patients with HLHS and short stature. Patients were qualified for rhGH therapy in accordance with the guidelines of the Polish rhGH treatment program dedicated to children with short stature and GHD or SGA. Five patients with GHD were qualified for rhGH therapy. The median age of the patients was 14.4 years, and the median height standard deviation score (SDS) was -5.82. Patients who did not initiate rhGH therapy had a median age of 13.8 years and a median height SDS of -3.97. To evaluate the effectiveness of rhGH therapy, we assessed patients' height SDS, bone age, and serum insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) concentrations at baseline (prior to treatment initiation), approximately one year after the start of therapy, and annually thereafter. RESULTS: During rhGH therapy, the mean height SDS improved from -5.82 to -5.38 at the first follow-up after a mean duration of 1.1 years. Ultimately, the mean height SDS further improved to -4.92 after an average of 2.5 years of treatment. In contrast, patients who did not receive rhGH therapy showed no improvement; their mean height SDS declined from -3.79 to -4.15 over an observation period of 8 to 16 months. CONCLUSION: Growth failure in patients with HLHS is likely multifactorial in origin, extending beyond the cardiac defect and its treatment. Short stature in this population warrants thorough evaluation, and in cases of confirmed GHD, rhGH therapy should be considered when feasible. Treatment decisions must be individualized, considering the patient's overall clinical condition and coexisting comorbidities.
Glucocorticoid receptor polymorphisms and bone mineral density in patients receiving conventional glucocorticoid replacement.
Fichna M, Furman K, Żurawek M … +2 more , Wrotkowska E, Ruchała M
Endokrynol Pol · 2025 · PMID 40995703 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Addison's disease (AD) requires lifelong glucocorticoid (GC) replacement; however, long-term GC excess may lead to adverse effects, including osteoporosis. Former studies of bone mineral density (BMD) in AD...
INTRODUCTION: Addison's disease (AD) requires lifelong glucocorticoid (GC) replacement; however, long-term GC excess may lead to adverse effects, including osteoporosis. Former studies of bone mineral density (BMD) in AD revealed discrepant results, possibly due to variable individual sensitivity of the glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1) variants. This study was designed to evaluate whether the NR3C1 polymorphisms rs6195, rs41423247, and rs6189/rs6190 might influence BMD in AD patients receiving standard steroid replacement. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Molecular analyses of three NR3C1 polymorphisms were performed in 178 AD patients (46 males, 132 females) treated for 15.4 ± 10.9 years, using the PCR-RFLP method and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Densitometry with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry covered the lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck (FN). Additionally, retrospective bone scans were available for 89 individuals. RESULTS: All subjects were receiving hydrocortisone (mean dose 24.4 ± 5.6 mg/day). Postmenopausal women displayed significantly lower BMD Z-scores than premenopausal females and males (p = 0.0162 for LS, p = 0.0201 for FN). Osteopenia was found in LS and FN in 32.6% and 37.3% patients, respectively, while osteoporosis was prevalent in postmenopausal women (23.2% in LS, 13.9% in FN). Carriers of rs6195 presented lower Z-scores in LS (p = 0.022), but not in FN (p = 0.072). Nonetheless, Z-score changes in either location were not affected by rs6195 (p > 0.05). In multiple linear regression only gender (p = 0.026), age (p < 0.001), and body mass (p = 0.011) correlated with BMD at LS, whereas disease duration, rs6195, and GC dose lost significance. CONCLUSION: our study did not confirm a significant association of NR3C1 polymorphisms with BMD in AD patients receiving long-term GC replacement. Currently recommended GC substitution doses seem less harmful to bone, but prospective analyses in larger cohorts of patients are warranted.
The urinary calcium-magnesium product as a potential indicator of nephrolithiasis in primary hyperparathyroidism.
Popow M, Szewczyk S, Sierdziński J … +2 more , Bobrowicz M, Ambroziak U
Endokrynol Pol · 2025 · PMID 40995702 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Nephrolithiasis is a common complication of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), but the mechanisms underlying stone formation remain incompletely understood. Calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) activity, indire...
INTRODUCTION: Nephrolithiasis is a common complication of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), but the mechanisms underlying stone formation remain incompletely understood. Calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) activity, indirectly assessed by serum calcitriol levels and urinary excretion of calcium and magnesium, may influence the risk of nephrolithiasis. Current diagnostic methods are cumbersome, prompting the need for more practical biomarkers. This study aimed to evaluate a novel parameter - calcium and magnesium fractional excretion (CAMFE) - as a predictor of nephrolithiasis risk in patients with PHPT. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 109 patients with PHPT. CAMFE was calculated from 24-hour urine collection under a standard diet. Associations with nephrolithiasis were analyzed using logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. RESULTS: Nephrolithiasis was present in 40% of patients. The CAMFE index was correlated significantly with kidney stone formation. Calcitriol levels were higher in stone formers, supporting its role in enhanced intestinal calcium absorption. CAMFE showed good predictive power with an optimal cut-off value of 6.18, offering a simpler alternative to dual urine collection protocols. CONCLUSIONS: Low CAMFE (< 6.18) may be connected with a higher risk of nephrolithiasis, potentially serving as a useful marker for assessing the risk of renal complications in patients with PHPT.
Lymphocytic colitis as a new disease possibly associated with autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 2 (APS-2).
Ziobro L, Suchy W, Płaczkiewicz-Jankowska E … +2 more , Trofimiuk-Müldner M, Hubalewska-Dydejczyk A
Endokrynol Pol · 2025 · PMID 40995701 · Publisher ↗
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Impact of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) on outcomes in differentiated thyroid cancer with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Çatak M, Çetin Z, Özdemir Başer Ö … +1 more , Kocabay A
Endokrynol Pol · 2025 · PMID 40995700 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a frequent comorbidity in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). This study evaluated the impact of glycemic control, particularly glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, on tum...
INTRODUCTION: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a frequent comorbidity in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). This study evaluated the impact of glycemic control, particularly glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, on tumor characteristics and treatment outcomes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 302 DTC patients, including 58 (19.2%) with T2DM. Baseline demographic, clinical, and pathological data were collected. Treatment response was assessed as per American Thyroid Association (ATA) guidelines. Logistic regression identified predictors of non-excellent response, and a subgroup analysis was performed among diabetic patients stratified by HbA1c (< 7% vs. ≥ 7%). RESULTS: T2DM patients were older (p < 0.001), with more bilateral tumors (p = 0.047) and higher tumor foci (p = 0.039). Other tumor features were similar between groups. In multivariate analysis, both HbA1c[odds ratio (OR): 1.307, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.014-1.683, p = 0.038) and lymph node metastasis (OR: 3.932, 95% CI: 1.000-15.464, p = 0.050] independently predicted non-excellent response. Among diabetics, HbA1c ≥ 7% was associated with higher non-excellent response rates (p = 0.030). CONCLUSION: Poor glycemic control, rather than T2DM itself, was linked to suboptimal treatment response. HbA1c may serve as a simple prognostic marker in diabetic patients with DTC.
Differential expression of microRNA-3127-5p and its molecular mechanisms in polycystic ovary syndrome.
Zhang H, Peng L, Yao L
Endokrynol Pol · 2025 · PMID 40892393 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: The present study was undertaken to elucidate the expression status and molecular mechanism underlying microRNA-3127-5p (miR-3127-5p) in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 50...
INTRODUCTION: The present study was undertaken to elucidate the expression status and molecular mechanism underlying microRNA-3127-5p (miR-3127-5p) in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 50 PCOS and 50 non-PCOS patients were recruited as research subjects. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was employed to assess the relative abundances of miR-3127-5p in serum, cumulus cells (CCs), and granulosa cells (GCs) from PCOS patients. Additionally, cellular activities and ferroptosis-related biomarkers were evaluated. Bioinformatics analysis was conducted to identify potential targets of miR-3127-5p. To validate the interaction between miR-3127-5p and sorbin and SH3 domain-containing protein 1 (SORBS1), a luciferase reporter assay was conducted. RESULTS: Enforced miR-3127-5p expression was detected in serum, CCs, and GCs from PCOS patients, demonstrating a robust diagnostic capacity for effectively distinguishing between PCOS and non-PCOS patients. Furthermore, the reduction of miR-3127-5p expression was found to enhance cell viability and inhibit cell apoptosis in human granulosa-like tumor cell line (KGN) and the luteinized granulosa cell line (SVOG) cells. Concurrently, its down-regulation led to attenuated levels of iron, malondialdehyde (MDA), and reactive oxygen species (ROS), while simultaneously increasing the expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4). Notably, miR-3127-5p expression exhibited an inverse relationship with SORBS1. Rescue experiments revealed that the effects of downregulated miR-3127-5p expression on cellular behaviors and ferroptosis were reserved through the transfection of si-SORBS1. CONCLUSION: The downregulation of miR-3127-5p expression facilitates cell growth and attenuates ferroptosis by targeting SORBS1, thereby playing a pivotal role in the initiation and development of PCOS.
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