The Canadian Veterinary Journal. La Revue Veterinaire Canadienne[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Evaluation of complications and long-term outcomes in dogs with surgically treated urethral prolapse.
Lu HY, McKenna C, Reynolds D … +4 more , Tuke J, Brisson BA, Singh A, Oblak ML
Can Vet J · 2026 Jun · PMID 42266342
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the complications and long-term postoperative outcomes in dogs diagnosed with urethral prolapse (UP) that underwent urethropexy and/or urethral resection and anastom...
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the complications and long-term postoperative outcomes in dogs diagnosed with urethral prolapse (UP) that underwent urethropexy and/or urethral resection and anastomosis (uRA). ANIMALS AND PROCEDURE: Medical records of 21 client-owned dogs undergoing urethropexy and/or uRA were reviewed. Complications and long-term outcomes were assessed retrospectively. RESULTS: Twenty-one dogs were included, and all dogs survived to discharge. The overall complication rate was 52.3%, with recurrence the most common complication ( = 8/11). Six of 8 dogs with recurrence underwent revision surgery, with 1 dog that underwent 5 revision surgeries involving a salvage partial penile amputation due to persistent recurrence. English bulldog was the most prevalent breed (47.6%) and was significantly associated with UP. There were no significant associations between the procedure (single combined), number of sutures placed for urethropexy, suture material, or suture pattern for uRA, and the risk of complications. Castration did not influence the risk of complications. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Urethropexy and uRA were safe when done as single or combined procedures. Recurrence was the most prevalent complication in this study, and may warrant multiple revision surgeries. Appropriate communication about the risk of recurrence and the potential for multiple revision surgeries is recommended for owners with dogs undergoing UP repair.
Robotic surgery - The future is here and now!
Ogilvie T, Kastelic J
Can Vet J · 2026 Jun · PMID 42266341
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
Survey of the use of point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) among veterinarians in Quebec, France, and Belgium.
Tremblay Z, Pouzot-Nevoret C, Gommeren K … +2 more , Boysen S, Letendre JA
Can Vet J · 2026 Jun · PMID 42266340
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to characterize the use of point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) among veterinarians in Quebec, France, and Belgium. PARTICIPANTS AND PROCEDURE: A 36-question online survey was distributed to veter...
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to characterize the use of point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) among veterinarians in Quebec, France, and Belgium. PARTICIPANTS AND PROCEDURE: A 36-question online survey was distributed to veterinarians practicing in the 3 regions. RESULTS: In total, 323 veterinarians completed the survey: 92 from Quebec, 207 from France, and 24 from Belgium. Overall, 92.3% of respondents ( = 298/323) reported using ultrasound in their practice, with 64.1% (191/298) of those using abdominal POCUS and 54% (160/298) thoracic POCUS. The most reported barrier to using POCUS was an absence of training [abdominal POCUS: 70/107 (65.4%); thoracic POCUS: 90/138 (65.2%)]. Among those using abdominal POCUS, free fluid was the most frequently assessed POCUS finding (190/191, 99.5%); it also had the highest clinician confidence (190/191, 99.5%). Caudal vena cava assessment for volume status and evaluation for pneumoperitoneum were reported by a minority of respondents. Dorsal recumbency was the patient position most often used for abdominal POCUS (153/191, 80.1%). In thoracic POCUS, pleural and pericardial effusions were the most often evaluated conditions [153/160 (95.6%) and 154/160 (96.3%), respectively]; they were also reportedly identified with confidence [148/160 (92.5%) and 136/160 (85%), respectively]. The lung point, ventricular septal flattening, and left atrial size assessment in long-axis view in cats were rarely included in thoracic POCUS. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Point-of-care ultrasound is increasingly used by veterinarians in Quebec, France, and Belgium. Abdominal applications are more common than thoracic, including cardiac, which was conducted less frequently. Despite growing use, our survey results show that not all pathologies are routinely assessed or confidently identified by veterinarians, highlighting the need for structured POCUS education.
Safety pin tie-in external skeletal fixation in pediatric feline and canine humeral/femoral fractures: 3 cases.
Chevalier L, Bouvy B, Picavet PP
Can Vet J · 2026 Jun · PMID 42266339
Three animals (1 dog and 2 cats), all weighing < 3 kg and aged 4 to 7 mo, were treated for femoral or humeral fractures using the "safety pin tie-in" (SPTI), a proximal transverse-pin-free Type Ia intramedullary pin tie-...
Three animals (1 dog and 2 cats), all weighing < 3 kg and aged 4 to 7 mo, were treated for femoral or humeral fractures using the "safety pin tie-in" (SPTI), a proximal transverse-pin-free Type Ia intramedullary pin tie-in external skeletal fixator. Clinical assessment, radiographic follow-up, and owner-reported outcomes were evaluated. Only minor complications after surgery were observed, and radiographic interpretation of healing was achieved in all cases. For all animals, weight-bearing function was regained soon after surgery, limb function was classified as full (Cases 1 and 3) or acceptable (Case 2), and owner satisfaction was excellent. Subjective assessment of long-term outcomes revealed no or only minimal disability, with a Liverpool Osteoarthritis in Dogs (LOAD) score of 5/52 for the dog and Feline Musculoskeletal Pain Index short form (FMPI-sf) scores of 1/28 and 0/28 for the cats. The SPTI, with its simplified design, appeared to provide adequate biomechanical stability in pediatric cases without the need for a proximal transfixing pin. Key clinical message: By minimizing surgical trauma, the technique described herein may represent a practical alternative to elastic plate fixation in selected lightweight pediatric animals, though further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
First reported case of in a coyote from Prince Edward Island.
Leaman LJ, Graham KF, Jones MEB … +2 more , Greenwood SJ, Germitsch N
Can Vet J · 2026 Jun · PMID 42266338
OBJECTIVE: We aimed to confirm the identity of a nematode recovered from the right ventricle of a coyote heart at dissection, using published molecular methods to validate morphological diagnosis of (dog heartworm). ANI...
OBJECTIVE: We aimed to confirm the identity of a nematode recovered from the right ventricle of a coyote heart at dissection, using published molecular methods to validate morphological diagnosis of (dog heartworm). ANIMALS AND PROCEDURE: An adult nematode was recovered during dissection of the heart from a coyote that was hunted on Prince Edward Island (PEI) in January 2021 and frozen at -20°C before being processed in June 2024. The nematode was identified based on size and morphological features. Species identity was confirmed PCR and DNA sequencing of the specific surface antigen gene. RESULTS: The adult male nematode discovered in the right ventricle of a coyote hunted near Summerville, PEI, was confirmed to be , sharing 99% identity with published sequences in GenBank. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This finding indicates that is established in PEI and could spread to other wild or domestic canids. can cause severe cardiopulmonary disease in domestic dogs. Veterinarians in the maritime provinces should be mindful of the probability that local dogs without travel history that are presented with cardiopulmonary issues could be infected with .
Surgical management of Cd1-Cd2 intervertebral disc extrusion in a dog.
Bhattarai B, Salman M, Kozlov N … +2 more , Pozyabin S, Kuricová M
Can Vet J · 2026 Jun · PMID 42266337
Intervertebral disc disease involving the caudal vertebrae is an exceptionally rare condition in dogs. This report describes a rare case of intervertebral disc extrusion between the 1st and 2nd caudal vertebrae (Cd1-Cd2)...
Intervertebral disc disease involving the caudal vertebrae is an exceptionally rare condition in dogs. This report describes a rare case of intervertebral disc extrusion between the 1st and 2nd caudal vertebrae (Cd1-Cd2) of a beagle dog that was presented with severe pain associated with defecation and tail movement. Diagnostic imaging confirmed disc extrusion compressing the caudal spinal canal. Surgical decompression resulted in complete resolution of clinical signs. This report of the condition in a beagle dog adds to the literature that may suggest a breed predisposition. Key clinical message: Caudal intervertebral disc extrusion should be considered as a differential diagnosis for a dog that is presented with pain during defecation and tail movement. Early recognition and surgical decompression can result in complete resolution of clinical signs.
Veterinary Medical Ethics.
Can Vet J · 2026 Jun · PMID 42266336
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Use of computer-assisted tomography for diagnosis and standing surgical reduction of progressive ethmoidal hematoma in a mare.
Lee S, Lee EB, Kim T … +3 more , Jung JY, Kim JH, Seo JP
Can Vet J · 2026 Jun · PMID 42266335
Progressive ethmoidal hematoma (PEH) is a rare, nonneoplastic mass occurring in the sinonasal passages of horses. An 11-year-old, pregnant Thoroughbred mare was presented with a history of intermittent nasal discharge an...
Progressive ethmoidal hematoma (PEH) is a rare, nonneoplastic mass occurring in the sinonasal passages of horses. An 11-year-old, pregnant Thoroughbred mare was presented with a history of intermittent nasal discharge and stertorous respiration. On examination, radiography revealed increased opacity in the sinus and nasal cavities and endoscopy identified a mass emerging from the left ethmoidal turbinate. Computed tomography (CT) showed the range and origin of the mass, indicative of PEH. A standing frontonasal flap was made under sedation, following temporary tracheostomy to secure the airway. The mass was exposed a frontonasal bone flap and was removed after double ligations. The histopathologic examination confirmed that the mass was PEH. The mare showed no postoperative complications and subsequently gave birth. Key clinical message: This case report describes the diagnostic process, using radiography, endoscopy, and CT, and details the surgical reduction and outcome of PEH in a mare. It highlights the value of CT in localizing and measuring PEH, facilitating surgical planning.
Incidence of and treatment strategies for giant retinal tears in cats with retinal detachment.
Grozdanic SD, Luzhetskii S, Lazic T
Can Vet J · 2026 Jun · PMID 42266334
OBJECTIVE: Our objectives were to describe the incidence and possible etiology of giant retinal tears (GRT) in cats with retinal detachment, and to evaluate visual outcomes following medical or surgical (retinal reattach...
OBJECTIVE: Our objectives were to describe the incidence and possible etiology of giant retinal tears (GRT) in cats with retinal detachment, and to evaluate visual outcomes following medical or surgical (retinal reattachment) therapy. ANIMALS: We conducted a retrospective analysis. Records from 99 cats with a diagnosis of retinal detachment were analyzed. A total of 16 cats were diagnosed with GRT. PROCEDURE: All cats underwent complete ophthalmic examinations in addition to complete systemic examinations. Three GRT cats were treated with vitreoretinal reattachment surgery with silicone oil tamponade, 1 cat underwent enucleation, and the remaining 12 cats were treated with medical therapy only. The Fisher exact test was used to calculate risk odds ratio. RESULTS: Individual cats experienced multiple pathologies. The most common ocular pathology in cats with GRT was hypertensive retinopathy (8/16), followed by vitreal degeneration (4/8), traumatic GRT (4/8), cataract (3/16), and anterior uveitis/vitritis (3/16). Based on risk/odds ratio, trauma ( < 0.001), vitreal degeneration ( = 0.01), and male sex ( = 0.025) were factors associated with GRT development. Vitreoretinal surgery with silicone tamponade restored normal anatomic position vision in all operated eyes (3/3; median follow-up time: 565 d). The most common postoperative complication was glaucoma/ocular hypertension, which developed in 2/3 operated cats. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Vitreal degeneration and trauma were significant risk factors for development of GRT in cats. Vitreoretinal surgery with silicone tamponade was an effective treatment for vision restoration in cats with GRT.
Diagnosis and treatment of Merkel cell carcinoma in a puppy: A comparative oncology approach.
Gougeon E, Touzet C, Henriques J
Can Vet J · 2026 Jun · PMID 42266333
A 5-month-old male golden retriever dog was presented with a solitary, rapidly growing cutaneous mass on the left thoracic wall. The medical history was unremarkable and no other clinical abnormalities were identified. A...
A 5-month-old male golden retriever dog was presented with a solitary, rapidly growing cutaneous mass on the left thoracic wall. The medical history was unremarkable and no other clinical abnormalities were identified. After wide surgical resection, histopathological evaluation revealed a malignant tumor of small, round, atypic basophilic neoplastic cells positive for neuron-specific enolase and pancytokeratin, providing a diagnosis of Merkel cell carcinoma. With clean histological margins and absence of local or distant metastasis, no recurrence was reported during a minimum follow-up period of 20 mo. The dog developed an oral nodule 12 mo after surgery. Histopathological evaluation revealed a papilloma, and PCR was positive for sp. Although DNA extraction and PCR for papillomavirus detection were carried out on the Merkel cell carcinoma tumor, no papillomavirus was detected. Merkel cell carcinomas can easily be confused with other cutaneous neoplasms in young dogs. Despite being malignant, they are frequently associated with a good prognosis after complete surgical excision. Key clinical message: i) Merkel cell carcinoma should be included in the differential diagnosis of a cutaneous mass in a puppy. ii) Wide excision provided an excellent long-term outcome in this clinical case.
Infection by and in a warmblood crossbred foal in Ontario.
Trokoz A, Sjolin E, Lejeune M … +2 more , Peregrine AS, Borkowski E
Can Vet J · 2026 Jun · PMID 42266332
A 6-month-old warmblood-cross filly was presented to the Ontario Veterinary College Large Animal Hospital (Guelph, Ontario) because of acute profuse diarrhea unresponsive to treatment and severe wasting. The filly progre...
A 6-month-old warmblood-cross filly was presented to the Ontario Veterinary College Large Animal Hospital (Guelph, Ontario) because of acute profuse diarrhea unresponsive to treatment and severe wasting. The filly progressed to obtundation over 4 d and was euthanized. Postmortem examination revealed multifocal hemorrhage within the extraperitoneal fascia and diaphragm with intralesional, 4-centimeter-long, white nematodes. In addition, verminous arteritis of the cranial mesenteric artery, right colic artery thrombosis with segmental colonic infarction, ulcerative colitis, and segmental fibrinonecrotizing enteritis were present. Morphological and molecular evaluation of nematodes from the extraperitoneal fascia and diaphragm confirmed infection. Histopathology identified intralesional nematodes within the thrombosed cranial mesenteric artery, consistent with , and numerous encysted nematode larvae consistent with cyathostomins in the colon. Bacterial culture of the colon isolated spp., later confirmed PCR as serovar Enteritidis, and PCR of the small intestine identified . Although is rarely diagnosed in non-feral horses in North America, this case highlights that continued vigilance for its reemergence and that of other large strongyles, including , is warranted. Key clinical message: The identification of lesions associated with both and in this foal underscores the continued relevance of large strongyle infections in contemporary equine practice. This case emphasizes the importance of considering migratory strongyles during diagnostic evaluations and implementation of parasite control strategies in all horses that, in part, target large strongyles.
Not just another "AMR is important" message yet again… How veterinarians are making clear progress on better use of antimicrobials.
Chicoine A
Can Vet J · 2026 Jun · PMID 42266331
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Successful hemodialysis treatment of suspected acorn toxicosis in a Bedlington terrier.
Jung S, Ahn W, Lee T … +1 more , Nam A
Can Vet J · 2026 May · PMID 42095174
A 17-month-old neutered male Bedlington terrier weighing 5.4 kg was presented because of vomiting, lethargy, and oliguria. Serum chemistry analysis revealed severe azotemia and ultrasonography revealed hyperechoic renal...
A 17-month-old neutered male Bedlington terrier weighing 5.4 kg was presented because of vomiting, lethargy, and oliguria. Serum chemistry analysis revealed severe azotemia and ultrasonography revealed hyperechoic renal cortices. Acorn-induced acute kidney injury was suspected based on the animal's history of eating dried acorns over the previous 8 d. The dog did not respond to conventional intravenous fluid therapy, but his condition improved with intermittent hemodialysis. Although acorn intoxication is well documented in grazing animals, including cattle, it has rarely been reported in dogs. Acorns can cause acute kidney or liver injury, with high mortality rates. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported canine case of acorn toxicosis successfully treated with hemodialysis. The case findings indicate the importance of raising awareness among pet owners about the potential life-threatening effects of consuming acorns, particularly in regions where animals' exposure to acorns is likely. Key clinical message: Acorn ingestion can cause life-threatening acute kidney injury in dogs. Early recognition and timely intervention with hemodialysis can result in successful outcomes.
Right and left heart morphology and function in dogs with compensated chronic right ventricular pressure overload secondary to pulmonic stenosis or precapillary pulmonary hypertension.
Van Renterghem E, Lekane M, Gommeren K … +1 more , Merveille AC
Can Vet J · 2026 May · PMID 42095173
OBJECTIVE: The study objective was to compare right and left heart morphology and function in dogs with compensated chronic right ventricular (RV) pressure overload secondary to pulmonic stenosis (PS) and chronic precapi...
OBJECTIVE: The study objective was to compare right and left heart morphology and function in dogs with compensated chronic right ventricular (RV) pressure overload secondary to pulmonic stenosis (PS) and chronic precapillary pulmonary hypertension (cPCPH). ANIMALS AND PROCEDURE: This cross-sectional observational retrospective study included 64 client-owned dogs, including healthy controls ( = 15) and groups with PS ( = 31) and cPCPH ( = 18). The RV pressure gradient (RVPG) was determined by peak pulmonic or peak tricuspid regurgitation velocity and needed to be > 55 mmHg. Echocardiographic parameters assessing RV size [indexed diameter (RVIDd/Ao), area (N-RVAd) in diastole], hypertrophy [(RVFWd/LVFWd), (RVFWd/RVIDd)], and systolic function [fractional area change (RVFAC), indexed area in systole (N-RVAs)] were documented. Interventricular septal flattening was assessed using left ventricular (LV) eccentricity index (EI). RESULTS: The RVPG was lower in cPCPH compared to PS [91 mmHg (55 to 158 mmHg) vs 108 mmHg (56 to 219 mmHg); = 0.022]. The cPCPH group displayed more dilated [RVID/Ao: 0.13 (0.09 to 0.25) vs 0.10 (0.07 to 0.19), = 0.004; N-RVAd: 1.17 (0.65 to 1.66) vs 0.83 (0.45 to 1.45), = 0.010] and less hypertrophied RV [RVFWd/LVFWd: 0.9 (0.44 to 1.4) vs 1.0 (0.75 to 2.0), < 0.020; RVFWd/RVIDd: 0.30 (0.19 to 0.55) vs 0.44 (0.24 to 0.67), < 0.001], RV with poorer systolic function [N-RVAs: 0.69 (0.27 to 1.23) vs 0.35 (0.16 to 0.92), = 0.001; RVFAC: 0.37 (0.14 to 0.66) vs 0.57 (0.29 to 0.71), = 0.004], and more interventricular septal flattening [EIs:1.5 (1.09 to 5.71) vs 1.22 (0.88 to 2.1), = 0.013] compared to PS. The RVID/Ao, N-RVAd, N-RVAs, RVFAC, RVFWd/RVIDd, and EIs were influenced by RVPG and the cause of RV pressure overload (independent of RVPG). Tricuspid regurgitation was more commonly observed in dogs with cPCPH. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: After adjusting for RVPG, dogs with PS had less RV dilation, better RV function, and less left heart compromise compared to dogs with cPCPH.
Retrospective assessment of equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) genotype-associated clinical disease in Ontario.
Espinosa MA, Lack A, Kenney D … +1 more , Arroyo LG
Can Vet J · 2026 May · PMID 42095172
BACKGROUND: Equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) is an important viral pathogen in horses, associated with diverse clinical manifestations including fever, upper and lower respiratory disease, neurological signs, ocular dis...
BACKGROUND: Equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) is an important viral pathogen in horses, associated with diverse clinical manifestations including fever, upper and lower respiratory disease, neurological signs, ocular disease, and abortion. Currently, EHV-1 variants (genotypes) are classified based on a single nucleotide polymorphism mutation of the open reading frame 30 (ORF30). OBJECTIVE ANIMALS AND PROCEDURE: The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the EHV-1 genotypes present in horses with various clinical presentations, including respiratory disease, abortion, and neurological disease, at a referral center in the province of Ontario. RESULTS: Equine herpesvirus type 1 was detected in 11.7% of the tested horses, with clinical presentations including abortion (21%), myeloencephalopathy (64%), fever (11%), pneumonia (3.5%), and asymptomatic cases (3.5%). The neuropathogenic strain was more commonly present in horses with abortions and fevers. Equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy was associated with the non-neuropathogenic strain in 50% of the cases and the neuropathogenic strain in 44% of the cases. However, in 6% of the cases, the viral genotype was unknown. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: These findings highlighted that this is a multifactorial problem and clinical disease may not be solely attributed to viral genome. This variability reinforced the need for continued research into the behavior and epidemiology of EHV-1.
Emergency management of hyperkalemia in dogs and cats - Part 2: Diagnosis and treatment.
Iimori Y, Johnson PA, Thomovsky EJ … +2 more , Brooks AC, Aghili A
Can Vet J · 2026 May · PMID 42095171
OBJECTIVE: Hyperkalemia in dogs and cats can cause rapid cardiac and neuromuscular compromise. Fast recognition, ECG-guided stabilization, and cause-directed therapy improve survival. ANIMALS AND PROCEDURE: Part 2 of thi...
OBJECTIVE: Hyperkalemia in dogs and cats can cause rapid cardiac and neuromuscular compromise. Fast recognition, ECG-guided stabilization, and cause-directed therapy improve survival. ANIMALS AND PROCEDURE: Part 2 of this 2-part review gives a patient-side approach for recognition, confirmation, and emergency treatment of hyperkalemia. It integrates current veterinary evidence and core physiology into step-by-step guidance for ECG interpretation, point-of-care testing, drug selection, and monitoring. It also maps 1st-hour priorities to common etiologies such as urethral obstruction and hypoadrenocorticism. RESULTS: Immediate cardioprotection with intravenous calcium treats cardiotoxicity. Potassium decreases rapidly with regular insulin plus dextrose, β agonists serve as adjuncts, and bicarbonate is reserved for severe acidemia. Potassium elimination follows with balanced crystalloids and, when needed, renal replacement therapy. After initial stabilization, durable correction depends on identifying and treating the underlying cause and removing excess potassium from the body. Close glucose surveillance prevents late hypoglycemia after insulin. For urethral obstruction, prompt unblocking and fluids often normalize potassium with little need for repeat shifting drugs. For Addisonian crisis, fluids and glucocorticoids correct the driver while potassium decreases. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Use a consistent sequence: Verify true hyperkalemia, protect the heart, shift potassium, remove potassium, and fix the cause. Pair ECG findings with serum potassium concentrations to guide action, since ECG stages do not always match absolute potassium concentrations. This approach helps emergency clinicians stabilize patients quickly and avoid relapse. Part 1 of this review covered homeostasis and causes, whereas Part 2 delivers diagnostic and treatment approaches.
Veterinary Medical Ethics.
Can Vet J · 2026 May · PMID 42095170
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
A retrospective case series of companion animals hospitalized for ethylene glycol poisoning at a Canadian veterinary teaching hospital.
Sauder T, Ricard M, Loewen J … +1 more , Cowan V
Can Vet J · 2026 May · PMID 42095169
BACKGROUND: Ethylene glycol (EG), the toxic ingredient in some antifreeze products, is a potent animal poison. OBJECTIVE AND ANIMALS: Our objective was to characterize EG poisoning in cats and dogs hospitalized at a Cana...
BACKGROUND: Ethylene glycol (EG), the toxic ingredient in some antifreeze products, is a potent animal poison. OBJECTIVE AND ANIMALS: Our objective was to characterize EG poisoning in cats and dogs hospitalized at a Canadian veterinary teaching hospital. PROCEDURE: We conducted a medical record review. RESULTS: Twenty-one cases were included from the 17-year study period (dogs = 15, cats = 6). Common signalments were young male intact dogs ( = 5) and adult spayed female cats ( = 4). More cases were presented in summer ( = 10) than other seasons. Cases were often presented > 8 h after onset of signs ( = 12). Diagnostic tests included venous blood gas ( = 17), serum chemistry ( = 14), urinalysis ( = 14), AFAST/TFAST ( = 6), and full abdominal ultrasonography ( = 2). The most common treatments were IV fluids ( = 17) and 4-methylpyrazole ( = 8). The survival-to-discharge rates were 33% and 0% for dogs and cats, respectively. CONCLUSION: Poisoning with EG had a high fatality rate in dogs and cats presented to the emergency clinic. Animals were often presented late in the course of poisoning, making antidotal therapy unsuccessful. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Regardless of time of year, EG should be considered a differential diagnosis for animals with CNS depression, gastrointestinal signs, and evidence of acute kidney injury. In clinics that do not have commercial diagnostic tests available, the authors recommend combining findings from venous blood gas, urinalysis, ultrasonography, and a Wood's lamp screen to establish a diagnosis.
Hypercalcemia as the primary finding in the first autochthonous (French heartworm) case in a dog from mainland Canada.
Knap CM, Ross S, Bourassi E … +1 more , Germitsch N
Can Vet J · 2026 May · PMID 42095168
An 8-month-old intact male Labrador retriever dog from New Brunswick was referred to the Atlantic Veterinary College Small Animal Internal Medicine service (Prince Edward Island) for evaluation of marked hypercalcemia, p...
An 8-month-old intact male Labrador retriever dog from New Brunswick was referred to the Atlantic Veterinary College Small Animal Internal Medicine service (Prince Edward Island) for evaluation of marked hypercalcemia, polyuria-polydipsia, and urinary incontinence. Thoracic radiographs revealed a nonspecific, patchy-to-diffuse, interstitial-to-alveolar lung pattern, despite the absence of respiratory signs or abnormal lung auscultation. Fecal examination by Baermann analysis identified 1st-stage larvae of . Although has been documented in wild canid populations in parts of eastern Canada, this was the first confirmed case of an autochthonous infection in a companion animal in mainland Canada. The findings provide further evidence for the geographic expansion of within the Canadian Maritimes and contribute to a growing body of reports describing its emergence in North America. The dog's clinical presentation was atypical for angiostrongylosis, with no respiratory signs despite radiographic abnormalities, and hypercalcemia as a prominent clinical feature. These findings highlighted the variable and sometimes nonspecific nature of infection in dogs. Veterinarians practicing in eastern Canada should consider as a differential diagnosis in dogs with compatible clinical or imaging findings, even in the absence of respiratory signs or known endemicity. Routine Baermann fecal screening and prophylaxis with effective anthelmintics are recommended for dogs with increased risk of exposure to gastropod intermediate hosts. Key clinical message: is an emerging parasite in North America and can induce a variety of clinical signs in dogs. Veterinarians, specifically in the Canadian Maritimes, need to consider as a potential cause of respiratory signs, neurological signs, bleeding, and other clinical signs, and should recommend appropriate parasite prophylaxis in newly endemic areas.
Description of a novel method of femoral torsion correction in dogs: An study.
Dallago M, Dallago C, Baroncelli AB … +4 more , Basso G, Peirone B, De Bakker E, Hudson C
Can Vet J · 2026 May · PMID 42095167
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to describe a novel method of femoral torsion correction in dogs and partially validate the technique by applying it to femoral bone models. MODELS AND PROCEDURE: We conducted a...
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to describe a novel method of femoral torsion correction in dogs and partially validate the technique by applying it to femoral bone models. MODELS AND PROCEDURE: We conducted an study using 12 femoral bone models. Twelve bone models, consisting of 6 replicas of each of 2 right femurs (Bone Model 1 and Bone Model 2), were reconstructed, using stereolithography, from femoral computed tomographic scans of 2 chondrodystrophic dogs. An intramedullary pin-assisted distal femoral osteotomy (IPA-DFO) was done on all bone models to correct 30° of torsion (CTA2). Preoperative and postoperative femoral anteversion angle (FAA) and anatomical lateral distal femoral angle (aLDFA) were measured. The magnitude of torsional correction was defined as the T angle, calculated as the difference between postoperative and preoperative FAA. RESULTS: Mean T angle was 31.7 ± 1.7° for Bone Model 1 and 30.8 ± 0.9° for Bone Model 2. No significant differences were detected between CTA2 and T angles in either bone model. No significant differences were observed between preoperative and postoperative aLDFA values. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The IPA-DFO consistently reproduced the planned femoral torsion correction in the bone models studied without inducing unintended frontal plane alignment change.
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