The Canadian Veterinary Journal. La Revue Veterinaire Canadienne[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Presumed successful steroid therapy for suspected thrombotic microangiopathy in a dog.
Laudhittirut T, Zadeh AS, Carr AP … +1 more , Snead EC
Can Vet J · 2025 Nov · PMID 41142981
A 2-year-old castrated male Pembroke Welsh corgi dog was presented to the referring veterinarian because of acute onset of vomiting and hyporexia. Despite conservative treatment with intravenous fluids, antiemetics, anti...
A 2-year-old castrated male Pembroke Welsh corgi dog was presented to the referring veterinarian because of acute onset of vomiting and hyporexia. Despite conservative treatment with intravenous fluids, antiemetics, antibiotics, and antioxidants, the dog rapidly deteriorated, with development of severe pigmenturia and icterus over 24 to 48 h, respectively, prompting referral. A thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) characterized by nonimmune-mediated hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute kidney injury (AKI), suspected to be from hemolytic uremic syndrome not associated with known prodromal diarrhea, was diagnosed. This is a rarely described disorder in dogs and, unlike those in most previous reports, this dog survived with supportive care for AKI and a short tapering course of glucocorticoids for refractory thrombocytopenia. Steroids have been reported for managing certain TMA syndromes in humans but not in animals. The dog in this case made a full recovery, with no reported relapse over 1 y. Key clinical message: Thrombotic microangiopathy is characterized by nonimmune-mediated hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and AKI. Corticosteroids may be beneficial for treating canine TMA, based on successful recovery in this rare case of non-diarrheal hemolytic uremic syndrome.
Reconstruction of single large abdominal wall defects in 2 dogs using expanded polytetrafluoroethylene-based mesh.
Nagumo T, Fujiwara R, Nakata K … +2 more , Katayama M, Hoshino Y
Can Vet J · 2025 Nov · PMID 41142980
Repairing large abdominal wall defects in veterinary medicine is challenging. Polypropylene mesh is the synthetic mesh most used for reconstructions. However, adhesion formation has been reported with its use. We report...
Repairing large abdominal wall defects in veterinary medicine is challenging. Polypropylene mesh is the synthetic mesh most used for reconstructions. However, adhesion formation has been reported with its use. We report the reconstruction of large abdominal wall defects using expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE)-based meshes in 2 dogs. A 5-year-old intact male Bernese mountain dog weighing 35.5 kg and a 10-year-old castrated male miniature dachshund weighing 7.16 kg were referred to our hospital. The former was treated for a large abdominal wall tumor; and the latter, for the recurrence of a left inguinal hernia. Dogs 1 and 2 underwent repair of the abdominal wall defects caused by the tumor resection and recurrent inguinal hernia repair using an ePTFE-polypropylene composite and ePTFE meshes, respectively. No complications of abdominal wall hernia recurrence or ePTFE infection occurred; however, Dog 1 had local progression of the tumor on Day 50 after surgery and died on Day 218 after surgery. Dog 2 had no recurrence or complications, according to a telephone interview with the owner on Day 665 after surgery. Therefore, the ePTFE-based mesh may be suitable for use in similar cases with favorable outcomes. Key clinical message: The ePTFE-based meshes may be applied to treat abdominal wall defects in dogs. However, it is essential to understand the advantages and disadvantages of these materials.
Canine perianal fistulas.
Pye C
Can Vet J · 2025 Nov · PMID 41142979
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Marketing best practices - Dentistry.
Noonan A, Osborne D
Can Vet J · 2025 Nov · PMID 41142978
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In the "Age of outrage," owning our own narrative has never been more important!
Fisher T
Can Vet J · 2025 Nov · PMID 41142977
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Successful video-assisted removal of bullet foreign body from the urinary bladder in 2 cats.
Gras J, Mertz V, Rousseau T … +3 more , Jourdain M, Gauthier O, Maitre P
Can Vet J · 2025 Nov · PMID 41142976
This report describes the successful video-assisted removals of urinary bladder bullet foreign bodies in 2 cats. In both cases, the cat was presented because of chronic dysuria and hematuria. Diagnostic imaging, includin...
This report describes the successful video-assisted removals of urinary bladder bullet foreign bodies in 2 cats. In both cases, the cat was presented because of chronic dysuria and hematuria. Diagnostic imaging, including radiography and ultrasonography, identified a foreign body in the bladder, confirmed as a lead pellet. Video-assisted percutaneous endoscopy was used for foreign body removal and bladder inspection. Both cats recovered uneventfully after surgery, with no postoperative complications. This report highlights the advantages of percutaneous and video-laparoscopic-assisted endoscopy in managing urinary bladder foreign bodies in small animals, providing reduced trauma and quick recovery. Key clinical message: Endoscope-assisted foreign body removal from the bladder seems to be a safe and efficient way to retrieve small foreign bodies in cats.
Prosthetic reconstruction of a fractured canine tooth in a dog using post and core.
Kim G, Kim SE
Can Vet J · 2025 Nov · PMID 41142975
A 6-year-old spayed female poodle dog weighing 5 kg was presented with a fractured right upper canine tooth (#104). Dental examination using an intraoral camera and radiography confirmed a tooth fracture with an exposed...
A 6-year-old spayed female poodle dog weighing 5 kg was presented with a fractured right upper canine tooth (#104). Dental examination using an intraoral camera and radiography confirmed a tooth fracture with an exposed pulp, resulting in the loss of ~2/3 of the crown. Tooth #104 was diagnosed with a complicated crown fracture. Consequently, root canal therapy was undertaken, involving root canal preparation with hand files and subsequent canal filling with appropriate filling materials. After the root canal therapy was completed, part of the filling material was removed to facilitate post placement. A post was then inserted and secured with resin cement. A composite resin core was built around the post, and a ferrule was created on the remaining crown using a diamond bur. After an impression was obtained, a custom metal crown was fabricated and cemented onto the prepared tooth. No complications were observed during the 22-month follow-up period. This case suggests that prosthetic reconstruction using post-and-core techniques may be an effective and viable treatment option for fractured canine teeth in small-breed dogs. Key clinical message: Prosthetic reconstruction using the post-and-core technique can be a successful treatment option for fractured canine teeth in small-breed dogs. In this case, the combination of root canal therapy, post placement, and crown restoration achieved function with long-term success, as evidenced by the 22-month follow-up results.
Veterinary Medical Ethics.
Can Vet J · 2025 Nov · PMID 41142974
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Emergence of mortality due to centrilobular to massive hepatic necrosis in western Canadian beef calves.
Wilson DJ, Davies JL, Huang Y … +3 more , Cowan VE, Rogers L, Wilhelm BJ
Can Vet J · 2025 Nov · PMID 41142973
Neonatal beef calves can succumb to several common diseases, including diarrhea and pneumonia, but death associated with hepatic disease is uncommon in this age group. Since 2022, a syndrome characterized by massive hepa...
Neonatal beef calves can succumb to several common diseases, including diarrhea and pneumonia, but death associated with hepatic disease is uncommon in this age group. Since 2022, a syndrome characterized by massive hepatic necrosis has been observed in western Canadian neonatal beef calves. This case series describes the clinical presentation, pathology, and ancillary testing done in 22 cases, highlighting the young age (1 to 5 d), varied symptoms observed, and unique liver pathology. Based on the pathology, a toxic cause was suspected, and toxic copper concentrations in kidney tissues were detected in 9/22 cases. Further investigation is required to understand this potentially emerging disease and prevent further occurrences. Key clinical message: Practitioners and pathologists should be aware of a new syndrome of hepatic necrosis in neonatal beef calves when evaluating neonatal calf mortality on western Canadian beef cattle operations. Further study is needed to understand the epidemiology of this condition.
Gastric dilatation and volvulus in a 5-year-old intact female Holland lop rabbit.
Kopp L
Can Vet J · 2025 Nov · PMID 41142972
A 5-year-old intact female Holland lop rabbit was presented with acute hyporexia, lethargy, and marked abdominal pain. Blood biochemistry analysis indicated elevations in ALT, ALP, and total bilirubin. A point-of-care ul...
A 5-year-old intact female Holland lop rabbit was presented with acute hyporexia, lethargy, and marked abdominal pain. Blood biochemistry analysis indicated elevations in ALT, ALP, and total bilirubin. A point-of-care ultrasound revealed displacement of the spleen into the left cranial abdomen, suggestive of gastric dilatation and volvulus (GDV). Exploratory laparotomy confirmed a 180° clockwise GDV. Gastric derotation and incisional gastropexy were successfully completed. The rabbit recovered uneventfully; biochemical values had normalized by Day 5. This is the third documented case of GDV in a rabbit in the peer-reviewed literature and the first involving a Holland lop. Key clinical message: Gastric dilatation and volvulus, though rare in rabbits, should be considered in cases presenting with acute hyporexia, abdominal pain, elevated ALT, variably elevated ALP, and variable hyperbilirubinemia. Ultrasonographic evidence of splenic displacement into the cranial left abdomen strongly supports a tentative diagnosis and indicates the need for immediate surgical exploration or abdominal computed tomography, if available.
A case of anesthesia mumps in a cat captured with magnetic resonance imaging.
Kliewer M, Zur Linden A, Finnen A
Can Vet J · 2025 Nov · PMID 41142971
A 6-year-old neutered male domestic shorthair cat was presented because of a 4-week history of upper respiratory noise and suspected upper respiratory tract infection that were unresponsive to antibiotics. On physical ex...
A 6-year-old neutered male domestic shorthair cat was presented because of a 4-week history of upper respiratory noise and suspected upper respiratory tract infection that were unresponsive to antibiotics. On physical examination, the cat had multiple cranial nerve deficits involving cranial nerves III, V, VII, and potentially VIII. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the head under general anesthesia was conducted. During the MRI, before intravenous contrast administration, the mandibular and parotid salivary glands became acutely symmetrically enlarged. Subsequent cytology of the salivary gland showed no cytological abnormalities. A condition called "anesthesia mumps" has been reported in humans, in which the salivary glands become acutely enlarged during or following general anesthesia. This is a transient swelling, and the underlying cause is unknown; however, several mechanisms have been proposed in the human literature, including physical obstruction of the salivary duct due to patient positioning, administration of anticholinergic drugs, dehydration, and other causes of salivary stasis. A suspected case of anesthesia mumps was reported in a dog following an elective neutering. This is the first reported case of anesthesia mumps in a cat. More importantly, it is the only case in which the acuteness of the swelling was captured with MRI. Key clinical message: A case of acute transient salivary gland swelling secondary to general anesthesia is described. Anesthesiologists and other veterinary professionals should be aware of this rare and benign but potentially alarming anesthesia complication.
Diagnostic Ophthalmology.
Thelwell G, Leis ML
Can Vet J · 2025 Nov · PMID 41142970
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Pharmaceutical exposure and toxicosis in dogs: A retrospective study of 223 cases from a Canadian veterinary teaching hospital (2018 to 2023).
Kennedy J, Chicoine A, Loewen J … +2 more , Parker S, Cowan V
Can Vet J · 2025 Nov · PMID 41142969
BACKGROUND: Ingestion of pharmaceuticals is a common cause of poisoning and hospitalization in companion animals. Pets may be exposed through accidental over-administration of a prescribed veterinary drug, intentional ad...
BACKGROUND: Ingestion of pharmaceuticals is a common cause of poisoning and hospitalization in companion animals. Pets may be exposed through accidental over-administration of a prescribed veterinary drug, intentional administration of a human drug that owners do not realize is unsuitable for animals, or access to unattended medications. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to document cases of exposure and toxicosis due to suspected and confirmed pharmaceutical ingestion in dogs admitted to a veterinary teaching hospital over a 6-year period (2018 to 2023). ANIMALS AND PROCEDURE: Medical records were retrieved from the veterinary hospital database using keywords related to general poisoning. Results were then filtered using keywords related specifically to pharmaceutical ingestion while excluding non-pharmaceutical poisoning cases. Information pertaining to hospitalization, patient signalment, treatment, and case progression was collected and analyzed to characterize common factors in canine pharmaceutical poisoning cases. RESULTS: Pharmaceutical ingestion was reported in 223 canine poisoning cases (confirmed in 102 cases) over 6 y. There were 32 categories of pharmaceutical ingested over the study period. The most common were nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( = 86) and acetaminophen ( = 29). The most common patient signalment was spayed female, young (≤4 y), and large breed (particularly, Labrador retrievers). Normal clinical examinations on presentation were noted in 164 cases. Accidental drug exposures were more common than intentional pharmaceutical administrations ( = 211 and = 12, respectively). The occurrence of cases related to exposure to human pharmaceuticals was 5× that of cases related to veterinary pharmaceuticals. Only 1 dog of 223 was euthanized, for a survival-to-discharge rate of 99.6%. The most common therapies administered were emesis induction, activated charcoal, fluid support, and gastroprotectant. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Pharmaceutical exposure, especially from over-the-counter human medications, was a common reason for hospital admission among the dogs described in this study. Improved client education is needed to avoid preventable pharmaceutical exposures.
Canine oral papillary squamous cell carcinoma with lymph node metastasis in a dog.
Ito H, Ito S, Kondo H
Can Vet J · 2025 Oct · PMID 41030429
Canine oral papillary squamous cell carcinoma is a rare subtype of squamous cell carcinoma with low metastatic potential. This report describes a 6-month-old intact male Labrador retriever dog with a 2.2 × 2.1-centimeter...
Canine oral papillary squamous cell carcinoma is a rare subtype of squamous cell carcinoma with low metastatic potential. This report describes a 6-month-old intact male Labrador retriever dog with a 2.2 × 2.1-centimeter intraoral mass located in the gingiva between the 1st and 2nd right mandibular premolars. Computed tomography revealed an exophytic mass infiltrating the mandible and right mandibular gingiva without evidence of regional lymph node enlargement or distant metastasis. Histopathological evaluation confirmed canine oral papillary squamous cell carcinoma with metastasis to the right mandibular lymph node (surgically removed) and carboplatin was administered postoperatively. At 1404 d post-surgery, no local recurrence or distant metastasis were observed. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of canine oral papillary squamous cell carcinoma metastasizing to the lymph nodes. The dog was treated with chemotherapy after surgery and had a good long-term prognosis. Key clinical message: Canine oral papillary squamous cell carcinoma has not been reported to metastasize and is usually treated locally with surgery or radiation therapy. However, as in the case reported herein, metastasis to the lymph nodes may occur. In such cases, accurate evaluation of metastasis, including lymph node excision biopsy, and chemotherapy may need to be considered.
CVMA Veterinary Health and Wellness Resources.
Can Vet J · 2025 Oct · PMID 41030428
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Tear production as measured by Schirmer tear test-1 in dogs with atopic dermatitis.
Baker J, Cox A, Udenberg T … +2 more , Defalque VE, Leis M
Can Vet J · 2025 Oct · PMID 41030427
OBJECTIVE: The objective was to measure tear production using Schirmer tear test-1 (STT-1) in dogs with atopic dermatitis, to evaluate for abnormal tear production. ANIMALS: We evaluated 47 client-owned dogs diagnosed wi...
OBJECTIVE: The objective was to measure tear production using Schirmer tear test-1 (STT-1) in dogs with atopic dermatitis, to evaluate for abnormal tear production. ANIMALS: We evaluated 47 client-owned dogs diagnosed with atopic dermatitis based on history, clinical signs, completion of an elimination diet trial, and fulfillment of at least 5 of Favrot's diagnostic criteria. PROCEDURE: Schirmer tear test-1 was conducted on each dog. Values < 15 mm/min were consistent with low tear production and suggestive of keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Values > 25 mm/min were consistent with epiphora due to excess lacrimation. RESULTS: Twenty-one of 47 atopic dogs had STT-1 values outside the normal range in at least 1 eye. Three had STT-1 values < 15 mm/min and 18 had STT-1 values > 25 mm/min in at least 1 eye. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: These findings suggest atopic dermatitis may be associated with altered tear production. However, the absence of a complete ophthalmic assessment precludes definitive conclusions regarding keratoconjunctivitis sicca and epiphora. Future studies to validate these observations could help determine whether routine screening of atopic dogs using the STT-1 can aid in detecting ocular manifestations of canine atopic dermatitis to optimize animal care.
Successful management of lisdexamfetamine intoxication in a dog despite complications of hypoglycemia and rhabdomyolysis.
Kawasaki M, Snead E
Can Vet J · 2025 Oct · PMID 41030426
A 15-year-old castrated male beagle-cross dog was presented with neuromuscular, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal signs 7 h after accidental ingestion of a toxic dose (33 mg/kg) of the amphetamine lisdexamfetamine dim...
A 15-year-old castrated male beagle-cross dog was presented with neuromuscular, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal signs 7 h after accidental ingestion of a toxic dose (33 mg/kg) of the amphetamine lisdexamfetamine dimesylate. Clinical and clinicopathological abnormalities noted included dysphoria, mydriasis, hyperesthesia, muscle tremors, tachycardia, tachypnea, hyperthermia, hematochezia, mild hypoglycemia, hemoconcentration, and metabolic acidosis. Initial treatment with intravenous (IV) acepromazine, butorphanol, methocarbamol, and rectal cyproheptadine, along with IV fluids with 5% dextrose added, was inadequate to control clinical signs. The dog was stabilized effectively following administration of IV constant-rate infusions (CRIs) of dexmedetomidine (1 to 3 μg/kg per hour) and butorphanol (0.2 mg/kg per hour). The dog was maintained on this CRI protocol for 20 h and weaned off without redeveloping neuromuscular and cardiovascular signs. Serum biochemical analysis and urinalysis at that time revealed marked elevation of creatine kinase (100-fold), mild to moderate elevation of liver enzymes (ALP: 2.4-fold, ALT: 9.5-fold, GLDH: 4-fold), and the presence of myoglobinuria, indicative of rhabdomyolysis and possible concurrent hepatic injury. The animal recovered with supportive care and was discharged 44 h after presentation. One week after discharge, the dog was clinically normal and serum biochemical analysis and urinalysis confirmed resolution of rhabdomyolysis. No evidence of kidney failure secondary to the rhabdomyolysis was noted. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of survival following lisdexamfetamine intoxication in a dog. Clinical signs resolved completely with supportive and symptomatic therapies mainly consisting of IV fluid therapy and sedative administration. There were no long-term complications reported. Key clinical message: Aggressive medical therapies, including IV CRIs of dexmedetomidine and butorphanol, in addition to IV fluids, were effective for managing a dog with severe lisdexamfetamine intoxication. The dog recovered uneventfully following 44 h of hospitalization, with no evidence of long-term complications secondary to the rhabdomyolysis associated with the toxicosis.
Suspected canine primary lymph node mast cell tumor.
Duckhorn M, Alvarez-Sanchez A, Herrera C
Can Vet J · 2025 Oct · PMID 41030425
An 8-year-old spayed female Chihuahua dog was diagnosed with a suspected primary mast cell tumor (MCT) of the left popliteal lymph node (LN). Physical examination, computed tomography, and focused hind-limb ultrasound fa...
An 8-year-old spayed female Chihuahua dog was diagnosed with a suspected primary mast cell tumor (MCT) of the left popliteal lymph node (LN). Physical examination, computed tomography, and focused hind-limb ultrasound failed to identify a primary integumentary MCT. Asymmetry of the ipsilateral medial iliac LN was identified on abdominal ultrasound. Surgical excision of the left popliteal and left medial iliac LN was completed without complication. Histologic assessment confirmed overt MCT effacement of both LN. Postoperatively, the dog received adjuvant chemotherapy (vinblastine and prednisone). The dog was alive 562 d after surgery, without evidence of disease recurrence. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report in the veterinary literature documenting a suspected canine primary LN MCT. Key clinical message: Albeit rare, primary LN MCT should be a differential diagnosis for lymphadenopathy in the absence of a primary integumentary tumor.
Lives in food animal practice.
Tremblay R
Can Vet J · 2025 Oct · PMID 41030424
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Outcomes of transsphenoidal surgery in 34 small dogs with pituitary-dependent hypercortisolism.
Tanaka S, Suzuki S, Teshima T … +4 more , Ishino H, Kawana A, Taoda T, Hara Y
Can Vet J · 2025 Oct · PMID 41030423
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes of transsphenoidal surgery (TSS) in dogs weighing < 15 kg with pituitary-dependent hypercortisolism (PDH). ANIMALS: The study included 34 dogs, each weighing...
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes of transsphenoidal surgery (TSS) in dogs weighing < 15 kg with pituitary-dependent hypercortisolism (PDH). ANIMALS: The study included 34 dogs, each weighing < 15 kg, diagnosed with PDH, and undergoing TSS at our facility between 1999 and 2021. PROCEDURE: Postoperative assessments included fatal complications within 4 wk, the extent of mass resection, the duration of central diabetes insipidus, long-term survival, and duration of remission. RESULTS: Five dogs died within 4 wk after TSS. Complete resections were completed in 28 dogs, whereas 6 dogs underwent partial resection. Factors associated with partial resection included a higher pituitary-to-brain ratio (odds ratio: 112 705.8; = 0.014). The median duration of central diabetes insipidus after TSS was 9.5 d. The median long-term postoperative survival was 1228 d. The estimated censored survival rates were 83 and 69% at 1 and 2 y postoperatively, respectively. Recurrence of PDH was observed in 2 dogs, with a median postoperative remission duration of 1188 d. Estimated recurrence-free rates were 90 and 90% at 1 and 2 y postoperatively, respectively. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Transsphenoidal surgery is an effective treatment for PDH in dogs weighing < 15 kg, particularly when the pituitary gland is small.
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